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Tuomo Mannermaa *29.9.1937 †19.1.2015 Kuva Yliopistolainen. Tuomo Mannermaa *29.9.1937 †19.1.2015 elsingin yliopiston teologisen tie- Tuomo Mannermaan vaikuttamistyö pe- dekunnan emeritusprofessori ja rustui julkaisujen ohella aivan erityisesti Hsuomalaisen kristillisyyden voima- kykyyn luoda pitkäaikaisia ja aatteelliselta kas vaikuttaja Tuomo Mannermaa kuoli pit- vaikutukseltaan syvällisiä opettaja-oppilas- kään sairastettuaan Espoossa 19. tammi- suhteita. Suomalaisen teologian kansainvä- kuuta 2015. Mannermaa syntyi Oulussa 29. listymistä Mannermaa edisti yhteistyössään syyskuuta 1937 ja tuli ylioppilaaksi vuonna Mainzin Euroopan historian instituutin se- 1957 Oulun lyseosta. Hän valmistui teologi- kä amerikkalaisen Center for Catholic and an kandidaatiksi Helsingissä vuonna 1964 Evangelical Theology:n kanssa. Monista ja jäi pysyvästi Helsingin yliopiston teolo- Mannermaan oppilaista tuli merkittäviä vai- gisen tiedekunnan palvelukseen, ensin as- kuttajia yliopistossa, kirkossa ja koko suo- sistenttina ja apulaisprofessorina sekä malaisessa yhteiskunnassa. 1980–2000 ekumeniikan professorina. Köö- Kansainvälisesti Tuomo Mannermaa tun- penhaminan yliopiston kunniatohtorin ar- netaan niin kutsutun uuden suomalaisen von hän sai vuonna 2000. Suomalaisen Tie- Luther-tutkimuksen alullepanijana ja sen deakatemian jäseneksi professori Manner- keskeisten ajatusten muotoilijana. Hän maa valittiin vuonna 1986. omistautui koko professorikautensa ajan Mannermaa oli yliopistouransa ohella aivan erityisesti Luther-tutkimukselle ja poikkeuksellisen aktiivinen vaikuttaja Suo- saavutti sen piirissä poikkeuksellisen mer- men evankelis-luterilaisessa kirkossa sekä kittävän, mutta samalla myös kiistanalai- maailmanlaajassa teologisessa ja eku- sen, aseman. meenisessa yhteisössä. Hän osallistui mo- Tuomo Mannermaa aloitti akateemisen nin tavoin keskusteluun raamatuntulkin- uransa kahdella kirjalla roomalaiskatolisen nasta ja kirkollisista uudistuksista. Manner- teologian uudistajasta Karl Rahnerista. Sen maa edisti ekumeniaa ortodoksiseen, roo- jälkeen hän kirjoitti dogmihistorian oppi- malaiskatoliseen ja anglikaaniseen kristi- kirjan sekä Euroopan protestanttiseen Leu- kuntaan päin, mutta oli varauksellinen kes- enbergin kirkkoyhteisöön kriittisesti suh- kieurooppalaisen protestantismin suhteen. tautuvan teoksen Preussista Leuenbergiin. 136 Academia Scientiarum Fennica 2015 Lutherin teologiaan Mannermaa alkoi suun- Tuomo Mannermaan mukaan Luther-tut- tautua suomalais-venäläisissä ekumeenisis- kimusta vallitsevan saksalaisen protestan- sa neuvotteluissa 1970-luvun varrella. Vie- tismin käsitys sopeutti Lutherin liiaksi ny- lä maaliskuussa 1976 hän kiisti olevansa kyajan ihanteita vastaavaksi ja erotti näin Luther-tutkija. Venäläisneuvottelujen esitel- reformaattorin tarpeettoman kauaksi kato- mät johtivat 1979 julkaistuun Luther-tut- lisesta kirkosta ja yleensä länsimaisen kris- kielmaan In ipsa fide Christus adest. Sen aja- tinuskon suuresta, perinnäisestä linjasta. tuksia laajensi toinen Luther-teos, Kaksi Korostaessaan Kristuksen läsnäoloa uskos- rakkautta (1983). sa sekä eräänlaista jumalallistamisoppia Vaikka Mannermaa oli julkaissut kaikki Mannermaa halusi kiinnittää huomiota sii- edellä mainitut kirjansa suomeksi, hän oli hen, että Lutherin mukaan uskossa ei ole jo nuorena varsin kansainvälisesti suuntau- kyse vain tiedollisesta taikka moraalisesta tunut. Rahner-tutkimukset johtivat rooma- muutoksesta, vaan usko muuttaa voimak- laiskatolisten teologien työyhteyteen, ensin kaasti itse olemistodellisuuttamme. rahnerilaisen Karl Lehmannin ja vuodesta Vaikka tällaista ajatusta voidaan kuvata 1977 alkaen Luther-tutkija Peter Mannsin pyhän läsnäolona taikka sakramentaalisuu- kanssa. Saksalaisten Leuenberg-kriitikoiden tena, Mannermaan Luther ei ole ”korkeakir- tutkijayhteisö Luther-Akademie Ratzeburg kollinen” esimerkiksi sanan virkateologi- tarjosi Mannermaalle tilaisuuden tutustua sessa merkityksessä. ”Olemisen” korostami- reformaation tutkimukseen. Venäläisneu- nen ei myöskään tähtää ontologian ajatuk- vottelujen lisäksi Mannermaa oli osallistu- sen filosofisesti täsmälliseen esittämiseen nut ekumeenisiin kokouksiin 1960-luvulta eikä ylipäätään teologian tekemiseen us- lähtien. konnonfilosofian näkökulmasta. Filosofia Professorikaudellaan 1980–2000 Man- on tärkeää teologiassa, mutta teologian ja nermaa keskittyi lähes yksinomaan Luthe- uskonnon todellisuus pysyy voimakkaasti rin teologiaan, mitä voidaan pitää hänen omanlaisenaan. Vaikka Mannermaan taus- varhaisemman tuotantonsa monialaisuu- tan usein nähdään nousevan venäläisneu- teen verrattuna yllättävänä käänteenä. Tut- votteluista, ei idän kirkon teologia nouse kijanuralla lienee tavallisempaa se, että hänen ajattelussaan voimakkaasti esiin. nuoruudessa keskitytään yhteen alueeseen, Mannermaan visiota voinee suhteuttaa josta käsin sitten professorikaudella laajen- eräisiin muihin samanaikaisiin kehityskul- netaan osaamista. Mannermaa kuitenkin kuihin. Amerikkalaisessa luterilaisuudessa valjasti monialaisen osaamisensa yhden George Lindbeckin 1980-luvulla luoma tutkimuskohteen selvitystyöhön. ”postliberalismi” suhtautuu Mannermaan ta- Suomen Akatemia myönsi Mannermaan voin varauksellisesti modernin protestan- Luther-hankkeille yhtämittaista rahoitusta tismin kokemus- ja moraalipainotuksiin ja vuodesta 1984 aina vuoteen 1997 saakka. koettaa luoda niille vaihtoehdon, joka kel- Tämän pitkäaikaisen tuen myötä Luther- paisi myös katoliselle kirkolle. Jossain mie- tutkimus nousi Helsingin yliopiston teolo- lessä Mannermaa on suomalaisen postlibe- gisen tiedekunnan painoalaksi ja Manner- ralismin keskushahmo samaan tapaan kuin maa sen keulakuvaksi. Projektijohtamisen- Lindbeck USA:ssa. Läheinen yhteistyö ame- sa kautta Mannermaa teki suomalaisesta rikkalaisen postliberalismin keskushahmo- systemaattisesta teologiasta kansainväli- jen Robert Jensonin ja Carl Braatenin kans- sesti tunnetun tieteenalan. sa teki Mannermaasta tunnetun Amerikassa. Academia Scientiarum Fennica 2015 137 Suomalaisen teologian kentässä Manner- her-projektien julkaisuissa ja antaa hank- maan ajattelua voi verrata hänen opetta- keille – varsinkin kansainvälisen lukijakun- jaansa Seppo A. Teinoseen. Mannermaa ot- nan silmissä – koulukuntamaisen luonteen. taa uudelleen käyttöön Teinosen aiemmin Vaikka Mannermaa eläkevuosinaan ve- esittämät intressit, kuten perinteisen dog- täytyi varsinaisesta tutkimustyöstä, kes- man ja myönteisen suhteen katoliseen sekä kustelu hänen luomastaan suomalaisesta ortodoksiseen kirkkoon. Mutta kun Teino- koulukunnasta jatkui kansainvälisessä teo- nen tämän intressin voimasta hylkää pro- logiassa vilkkaana. Helsingissä 2012 pide- testantismin reformaattoreita myöten ja tyssä Luther-tutkimuksen maailmankong- kääntyy korkeakirkolliseen mystiikkaan, ressissa Mannermaan ajattelulle omistettiin Mannermaa puolestaan käyttää Lutheria tu- paneelikeskustelu, joka osoitti monien hä- kemaan perinteisen dogman, sakramentaa- nen tulostensa vakiintuneen osaksi tutki- lisesti virittyneen teologian sekä katolisen muksen valtavirtaa. ekumenian intressejä. Tässä mielessä Man- Mannermaa oli viimeisiä sellaisia koko- nermaan visio Lutherista on maltillinen, lu- naisvaltaisia yliopistoteologejamme, joka terilaisuuteen ”kotoutettu” ja korkeakirkol- katsoi tulostensa olevan sovellettavissa ko- lisista ylilyönneistä riisuttu versio Teino- ko kirkon ja uskonnollisen ajattelun kent- sen intresseistä. tään. Hänen vaikutuksensa näkyy voimak- Tärkeä piirre Mannermaan projekteissa kaana Suomen ev.lut. kirkon naispappeus- oli hänen kykynsä rekrytoida aikaansaavia ratkaisuissa sekä ekumeenisissa linjauksis- jatko-opiskelijoita ja saada heidät toimi- sa. Hänen teoksensa Pieni kirja Jumalasta maan yhteisen päämäärän puolesta. Projek- valittiin vuoden kristilliseksi kirjaksi 1995. tin visiot eivät kulkeneet vain professorilta Tämän kirjan myötä Mannermaa vaikutti opiskelijoille, vaan joka suuntaan projektin voimakkaasti myös kirkolliseen sielunhoi- mukanaolijoiden kesken. Ohjaajalta tuli toon ja ihmisten kohtaamisen teologiaan. teeman alustava aihio, mutta opiskelijan Kirjoituksiakin enemmän Mannermaa lie- työstettyä sen pidemmälle teema saattoi nee silti vaikuttanut kyvyllään kohdata ih- uudessa asussa palata Mannermaan omiin misiä lempeästi ja samalla syvällisesti, to- ohjelmallisiin kirjoituksiin, opiskelijan pa- tuuskysymysten äärellä niin toisia ihmisiä nos nimeltä mainiten. Yhteistyön suuri kuin itse totuuden mysteerin ehtoja kunni- merkitys näkyy kaikkialla Mannermaan Lut- oittaen. Risto Saarinen Tuomo Mannermaa In memoriam Tuomo Mannermaa, professor emeritus in He was born in Oulu on 29th September the Faculty of Theology, University of Hel- 1937 and matriculated from Oulu Lyceum sinki, and an influential figure in the Chris- in 1957. Having gained his first degree in tian community in Finland, died in Espoo theology in Helsinki in 1964, he remained on 19th January 2015 after a long illness. in the faculty for the whole of his working 138 Academia Scientiarum Fennica 2015 life, initially as an assistant and associate he wrote a textbook on the history of dog- professor and then as full professor of ecu- matic theology and a critical treatise on the menics in 1980-2000. He received an hon- Protestant ecumenical agreement known as orary doctorate from the University of Co- the Leuenberg Church Fellowship entitled penhagen in 2000. He was elected to mem- Preussista Leuenbergiin (“From Prussia to bership of the Finnish Academy of Science Leuenberg”). He then began to turn his at- and Letters in 1986. tention to Luther’s theology in connection Alongside his
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