DOCSLIB.ORG

Ajor Psychoactive Medications Grouped by Rug Class

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ajor Psychoactive Medications Grouped by Rug Class ajor Psychoactive Medications Grouped by rug Class Drug and class Trade name(s) CNS Stimulants amphetamine Benzedrine® deanol Deaner® dextroamphetamine (D-amphetamine) Dexedrine® levoamphetamine (L-amphetamine) Cydril® methylphenidate Ritalin® pemoline Cylert® Neuroleptics (Antipsychotics, "major tranquilizers") Phenothiazines chlorpromazine Largactil®, Thorazine® fluphenazine (decanoate) Prolixin®, Modecate® mesoridazine Serentil® peracetazine Quide® pericyazine Neulactil® perphenazine Trilafon® pipothiazine palmitate Piportil® prochlorperazine Compazine®, Stemetil® promazine Sparine® thioridazine Mellaril® trifluoperazine Stelazine® Thioxanthenes chlorprothixene Taractan®, Tarasan® flupenthixol (decanoate) Depixol® thiothixene Navane® Butyrophenones droperidol Droleptan® haloperidol Haldol®, Serenace® pipamperon Dipiperon® Not all drugs listed are approved for use in children or in all countries. 417 418 Appendix A Drug and class Trade name( s) Neuroleptics (Continued) Dibenzoxazepines loxapine Loxitane® Diphenylbutylpiperidine pimozide Orap® Dibenzodiazepines clozapine Clozaril®, Leponex® Antiparkinson drugsh amantadine Symmetrel® benztropine Cogentin® biperiden Akineton® diphenhydramine Benadryl® ethopropazine Parsidol® procyclidine Kemadrin® trihexyphenidyl Artane® AntidepressantJantimanic drugs amitriptyline EIavil®, Amitril®, Endep® clomipramine Anafranil® desipramine Norpramin®, Pertofrane® doxepin Sinequan®, Adapin® imipramine Tofranil®, lanimine®, Dumex® nortriptyline Pamelor®, Arentyl®, Allegron® protripty line Vivactil®, Concordin trimipramine Surmontil® Monoamine oxidase inhibitors isocarboxazid Marplan® moclobemide Aurorix® phenelzine Nardil® tranylcypromine Parnate® Atypical antidepressants amoxapine Asendin® buproprion Wellbutrin® fluoxetine Prozac® maprotiline Ludiomil® nomifensine Merital® sertraline trazodone Desyrel® Mood stabilizers (antimanics) carbamazepinea Tegretol® clonazepama Klonopin®, Rivotril® lithium carbonate Eskalith®, Lithane®, Lithobid®, Lithotab® valproic acida Depakote®, Depakene®, Epilim® Antiepileptics (anticonvulsants) Barbiturates mephobarbital Mebaral® phenobarbital Gardenal®, Luminal® primidone Mysoline® Hydantoins ethotoin Perganone® Appendix A 419 Drug and class Trade name(s) Antiepileptics (Continued) Hydantoins (Continued) mephenytoin Mesantoin® phenytoin Dilantin® Succinimides ethosuximide Zarontin® methsuximide Celontin® phensuximide Milontin® Benzodiazepines clonazepama Klonopin®, Rivotril® clorazepatea Tranxene® diazepama Valium® lorazepama Ativan® Other carbamazepine Tegretol® valproic acid Depakene®, Depakote®, Epilim® New, under development felbamate flunarizine gabapentin a-vinyl GABA Vigabatrin ® lamotrigine progabide topiramate Sedative-hypnotics Antihistamines dyphenhydramine Benadryl® hydroxyzine Atarax® promethazine Phenergan® trimeprazine Temaril®, Vallergan® Benzodiazepines ("minor tranquilizers") alprazolam Xanax® chlordiazepoxide Librium® clonazepama Klonopin®, Rivotril® clorazepatea Tranxene® diazepama Valium® flurazepam Dalmane® lorazepama Ativan® nitrazepam Mogadon® oxazepam Serax®, Serapax® prazepam Verstran® temazepam Restoril®, Euhypnos® triazolam Halcion® Benzodiazepine analogues zopiclone Imovane® Atypical anxiolytics buspirone BuSpar® Other alcohol chloral hydrate Noctec® meprobamate Equanil®, Miltown® 420 AppendtxA Drug and class Trade name(s) Sedative-hypnotics (Continued) Other (Continued) secobarbital Seconal® Miscellaneous clonidine (<x2-adrenergic blocker) Catapres®, Combipres® fenfluramine (serotonin depleter) Pondimin®, Ponderax® 5-hydroxytryptophan (serotonin precursor) naloxone (opiate blocker) Narcan® naltrexone (opiate blocker) Trexan® piracetam (nootropic) propranolol (!'I-adrenergic blocker) Inderal® nadolol (!'I-adrenergic blocker) L-tryptophan (serotonin precurser) aDrug belongs to more than one clinical group. bFrequently used to treat extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic drugs, seldom used as psychotropic drugs. Major Psychoactive Medications Ordered by Trade Name Trade name Generic name Class Adapin® doxepin Antidepressant Akineton® biperiden Antiparkinson Allegron® nortriptyline Antidepressant Amitril® amitriptyline Antidepressant Anafranil® clomipramine Antidepressant Arentyl® nortriptyline Antidepressant Artane® trihexyphenidyl Antiparkinson Asendin® amoxapine Sedative-hypnotic Atarax® hydroxyzine Sedative-hypnotic Ativan® lorazepam Sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic Aurorix® moclobemide Antidepressant Benadryl® diphenhydramine Sedative-hypnotic Benzedrine® amphetamine CNS stimulant BuSpar® buspirone Sedative-hypnotic (anxiolytic) Catapres® clonidine Antihypertensive <x 2-adrenergic agonist Celontin® methsuximide Antiepileptic Clozaril® clozapine Neuroleptic Cogentin® benztropine Antiparkinson Combipres® clonidine Antihypertensive, <x 2-adrenergic agonist Compazine® prochlorperazine Neuroleptic Concordin® protriptyline Antidepressant Cydril® levoamphetamine CNS stimulant Cylert® pemoline CNS stimulant Dalmane® fturazepam Sedative-hypnotic Deaner® deanol CNS stimulant Depakene® valproic acid Antiepileptic Depakote® valproic acid Antiepileptic Desyrel® trazodone Antidepressant Not all drugs listed are approved for use in children or in all countries. 421 422 Appendix B Trade name Generic name Class Dexedrine® dextroamphetamine CNS stimulant Dilantin® phenytoin Antiepileptic Dipiperon® pipamperon Neuroleptic Droleptan® droperidol Neuroleptic Dumex® imipramine Antidepressant Elavil® amitriptyline Antidepressant Endep® amitriptyline Antidepressant Epilim® valproic acid Antiepileptic Equanil® meprobamate Sedative-hypnotic Eskalith® lithium carbonate Antimanic/mood stabilizer Euhypnos® temazepam Sedative-hypnotic Gardenal® phenobarbital Antiepileptic Halcion® triazolam Sedative-hypnotic Haldol® haloperidol Neuroleptic Imovane® zopiclone Sedative-hypnotic Inderal® propranolol j3-adrenergic blocker lanimine® imipramine Antidepressant Kemadrin® procyclidine Antiparkinson Klonopin® clonazepam Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic Largactil® chlorpromazine Neuroleptic Leponex® clozapine Neuroleptic Librium® chlordiazepoxide Sedative-hypnotic Lithane® lithium carbonate Antimanic/mood stabilizer Lithobid® lithium carbonate Antimanic/mood stabilizer Loxitane® loxapine Neuroleptic Ludiomil® maprotiline Antidepressant Luminal® phenobarbital Antiepileptic Marplan® isocarboxazid Antidepressant Mebaral® mephobarbital Antiepileptic Mellaril® thioridazine Neuroleptic Merital® nomifensine Antidepressant Mesantoin® mephenytoin Antiepileptic Milontin® phensuximide Antidepressant Miltown® meprobamate Sedative-hypnotic Modecate® fluphenazine Neuroleptic Mogadon® nitrazepam Sedative-hypnotic Mysoline® primidone Antiepileptic Narcan® naloxone Opiate blocker Nardil® phenelzine Antidepressant Navane® thiothixene Neuroleptic Neulactil® pericyazine Neuroleptic Noctec® chloral hydrate Sedative-hypnotic Norpramin® desipramine Antidepressant Orap® pimozide Neuroleptic Pamelor® nortriptyline Antidepressant Parnate® tranylcypromine Antidepressant Parsidol® ethopropazine Antiparkinson Peganone® ethotoin Antiepileptic Pertofrane® desipramine Antidepressant Phenergan® promethazine Sedative-hypnotic Ponderax® fenfluramine Serotonin depleting agent Appendix B 423 Trade name Generic name Class Pondimin® fenfluramine Serotonin depleting agent Prolixin® fluphenazine Neuroleptic Prozac® fluoxetine Antidepressant Quide® peracetazine Neuroleptic Restoril® temazepam Sedative-hypnotic Ritalin® methylphenidate CNS stimulant Rivotril® c10nazepam Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic Seconal® secobarbital Sedative-hypnotic Serapax® oxazepam Sedative-hypnotic Serax® oxazepam Sedative-hypnotic Serenace® haloperidol Neuroleptic Serentil® mesoridazine Neuroleptic Sinequan® doxepin Antidepressant Sparine® promazine Neuroleptic Stelazine® trifluoperazine Neuroleptic Stemetil® prochlorperazine Neuroleptic Surmontil® trimipramine Antidepressant Symmetrel® amantadine Antiparkinson Taractan® chlorprothixene Neuroleptic Tarasan® chlorprothixene Neuroleptic Tegretol® carbamazepine Antiepileptic/mood stabilizer Temaril® trimeprazine Sedative-hypnotic Thorazine® chlorpromazine Neuroleptic Tofranil® imipramine Antidepressant TI-anxene® c10razepate Sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic Trexan® naltrexone Opiate blocker Thlafon® perhenazine Neuroleptic Valium® diazepam Sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic Vallergan® trimeprazine Sedative-hypnotic Verstran® prazepam Sedative-hypnotic Vivactil® protripty line Antidepressant Wellbutrin® buproprion Antidepressant Xanax® alprazolam Antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic Zarontin® ethosuximide Antiepileptic Index Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Ill, 13 3, ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity 134 Disorder) (Cont.) Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS), neuroleptics in, 282 288 parent rating scales for, 1I5 Abuse: see Drugs of Abuse; Substance Abuse pharmacotherapy of, 180-182 ACE inhibitors: see Angiotensin-converting prevalence of drug use in, 59-63, 70 enzyme inhibitors rating scale, 109, 1I3-1I6 Acetaminophen, 244 self-rating scales for, 1I6 Acetazolamide, 364 situation-specific scales for, 1I6 Acetylcholine, 241, 270, 358; see also stimulant drugs in, 62, 134-135, 205-231 Anticholinergics teacher rating scales for, 108-1I5 Achievement tests, 146-147 Adolescent, adolescence considerations in using, 146-147 definition, 4 Peabody Individual Achievement Test, 147 psychiatric diagnosis in,I02 Wide Range Achievement Test, 147 Adrenalin: see Noradrenalin Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Aerosol abuse, 306 Battery, 147 Affective disorders: see Mood disorders Adapin®:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TABLE 1 Studies of Antagonist Activity in Constitutively Active
    TABLE 1 Studies of antagonist activity in constitutively active receptors systems shown to demonstrate inverse agonism for at least one ligand Targets are natural Gs and constitutively active mutants (CAM) of GPCRs. Of 380 antagonists, 85% of the ligands demonstrate inverse agonism. Receptor Neutral Antagonist Inverse Agonist Reference Human β2-adrenergic Dichloroisoproterenol, pindolol, labetolol, timolol, Chidiac et al., 1996; Azzi et alprenolol, propranolol, ICI 118,551, cyanopindolol al., 2001 Turkey erythrocyte β-adrenergic Propranolol, pindolol Gotze et al., 1994 Human β2-adrenergic (CAM) Propranolol Betaxolol, ICI 118,551, sotalol, timolol Samama et al., 1994; Stevens and Milligan, 1998 Human/guinea pig β1-adrenergic Atenolol, propranolol Mewes et al., 1993 Human β1-adrenergic Carvedilol CGP20712A, metoprolol, bisoprolol Engelhardt et al., 2001 Rat α2D-adrenergic Rauwolscine, yohimbine, WB 4101, idazoxan, Tian et al., 1994 phentolamine, Human α2A-adrenergic Napthazoline, Rauwolscine, idazoxan, altipamezole, levomedetomidine, Jansson et al., 1998; Pauwels MPV-2088 (–)RX811059, RX 831003 et al., 2002 Human α2C-adrenergic RX821002, yohimbine Cayla et al., 1999 Human α2D-adrenergic Prazosin McCune et al., 2000 Rat α2-adrenoceptor MK912 RX821002 Murrin et al., 2000 Porcine α2A adrenoceptor (CAM- Idazoxan Rauwolscine, yohimbine, RX821002, MK912, Wade et al., 2001 T373K) phentolamine Human α2A-adrenoceptor (CAM) Dexefaroxan, (+)RX811059, (–)RX811059, RS15385, yohimbine, Pauwels et al., 2000 atipamezole fluparoxan, WB 4101 Hamster α1B-adrenergic
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence That Mcpp May Have Behavioural Effects Mediated by Central 5-Ht1c Receptors 1G.A
    Br. J. Pharmacol. (1988), 94, 137-147 Evidence that mCPP may have behavioural effects mediated by central 5-HT1c receptors 1G.A. Kennett & G. Curzon Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG 1 The effects of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) and 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] piperazine (TFMPP) on activity of rats in a novel cage, and on the rotorod and elevated bar co-ordination tests was examined. 2 Peripherally administered mCPP and TFMPP dose-dependently reduced locomotion, rearing, and feeding scores but not grooming of freely fed rats placed in a novel observation cage. Yawning behaviour was increased. Similar effects were also observed after injection of mCPP into the 3rd ventricle. 3 Co-ordination on a rotating drum of both untrained and trained rats was impaired following mCPP but co-ordination on an elevated bar was not. 4 The hypoactivity induced by mCPP was opposed by three antagonists with high affinity for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1c) site; metergoline, mianserin, cyproheptadine and possibly also by a fourth antagonist mesulergine. Metergoline, mianserin and cyproheptadine also opposed the reduction in feeding scores. However, neither effect of mCPP was antagonized by the 5-HT2-receptor antagonists ketanserin or ritanserin, the 5-HT3-receptor antagonist ICS 205-930, the 5-HTlA and 5-HTIB-receptor antagonists (-)-pindolol, (-)-propranolol and (±)-cyanopindolol or the 5-HTIA-, 5-HT2- and dopamine receptor antagonist spiperone. The specific a2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan was also without effect. 5 Hypoactivity induced by TFMPP was similarly antagonized by mianserin but unaffected by (±+-cyanopindolol. 6 These results suggest that the hypoactivity is mediated by central 5-HT1c-receptors and that mCPP and possibly TFMPP may be 5-HT1c-receptor agonists.
    [Show full text]
  • Sibelium 5 Mg Tablets
    PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER Sibelium 5 mg Tablets flunarizine Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you. - Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. - If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. - This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are the same as yours. - If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. In this leaflet: 1. What Sibelium is and what it is used for 2. What you need to know before you take Sibelium 3. How to take Sibelium 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store Sibelium 6. Contents of the pack and other information 1. WHAT SIBELIUM IS AND WHAT IT IS USED FOR What is Sibelium? Sibelium tablets contain flunarizine. They belong to a group of medicines known as calcium channel blockers, which work by preventing the narrowing of blood vessels. What is it used for? Sibelium Tablets are for use in adults. They have been prescribed for you to help your migraine-type headaches. If you take Sibelium Tablets regularly they can help you get fewer headaches, or less painful headaches. They can stop some migraine attacks starting and help make other attacks less severe. While you are taking Sibelium Tablets, your doctor will review your treatment at regular intervals in order to assess your response to the medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Care Updates
    Long-Term Care Updates October 2017 By Alyson Lozicki, PharmD The treatment of migraine symptoms in elderly patients is similar to treatment in younger adults. For all patients, the selection of a pharmacological agent should be based on patient- specific factors and migraine severity, and greater caution should be exercised for older adults due to an increased prevalence of comorbid conditions and risk of adverse effects. Because of this, options for drug therapy in the elderly are limited, but this population tends to have a better response to acute treatment in comparison to a younger cohort.1-3 Of the drugs that have established efficacy in the treatment of migraine, acetaminophen, triptans, ergotamine, opioids, and antiemetics can be appropriate options for elderly patients. Acetaminophen is the safest option and is the drug of choice for most patients with non- debilitating symptoms of migraine.2-4 The choice of therapy for patients with moderate- severe symptoms should be based on comorbid conditions, potential drug-drug interactions, and the risk of serious adverse effects. However, the adverse effect profile of a medication does not preclude its use.3 General recommendations and safety considerations are outlined in Table 1; some of these medications do appear on the Beers List with a strong recommendation to avoid due to increased risk of falls and fracture. Additionally, certain medications used to treat migraine in younger patients should be avoided in older adults due to the increased risk of serious adverse events. These include acetylsalicylic acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), barbiturate-containing drugs, flunarizine, www.creighton.edu/ 1-5 and tricyclic antidepressants (Table 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Formulary (List of Covered Drugs)
    3ODQ<HDU 202 Formulary (List of Covered Drugs) PLEASE READ: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT THE DRUGS WE COVER IN THE FOLLOWING PLAN: $0 Cost Share AI/AN HMO Minimum Coverage HMO Silver 70 HMO Active Choice PPO Silver Opal 25 Gold HMO Silver 70 OFF Exchange HMO Amber 50 HMO Silver Opal 50 Silver HMO Silver 73 HMO Bronze 60 HDHP HMO Platinum 90 HMO Silver 87 HMO Bronze 60 HMO Ruby 10 Platinum HMO Silver 94 HMO Gold 80 HMO Ruby 20 Platinum HMO Jade 15 HMO Ruby 40 Platinum HMO This formulary was last updated on8//20. This formulary is VXEMHFWto change and all previous versions of the formulary no longer apply. For more recent information or other questions, please contact Chinese Community Health Plan Member Services at 1-888-775-7888 or, for TTY users, 1-877-681-8898, seven days a week from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., or visit www.cchphealthplan.com/family-member -,-ϭ -,-ϭ"&* !#" + 5 5 ),-$+" %(%'.')/"+#" %&/"+ -%/"$)% "%&/"+ *& )&! %&/"+ 0 $(#" '"+ %&/"+ *& %&/"+ %&/"+ +)(2" &-%(.' %&/"+ +)(2" .1&-%(.' %&/"+ )&! .1&-%(.' !" .1&-%(.' dŚŝƐĨŽƌŵƵůĂƌLJǁĂƐůĂƐƚƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ8ͬϭͬϮϬϮϭ͘dŚŝƐĨŽƌŵƵůĂƌLJŝƐƐƵďũĞĐƚƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚĂůůƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌŵƵůĂƌLJŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌĂƉƉůLJ͘&ŽƌŵŽƌĞ ƌĞĐĞŶƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƋƵĞƐƚŝŽŶƐ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞĐŽŶƚĂĐƚŚŝŶĞƐĞŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ,ĞĂůƚŚWůĂŶDĞŵďĞƌ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂƚϭͲϴϴϴͲϳϳϱͲϳϴϴϴŽƌ͕ĨŽƌddzƵƐĞƌƐ͕ ϭͲϴϳϳͲϲϴϭͲϴϴϵϴ͕ƐĞǀĞŶĚĂLJƐĂǁĞĞŬĨƌŽŵϴ͗ϬϬĂ͘ŵ͘ƚŽϴ͗ϬϬƉ͘ŵ͕͘ŽƌǀŝƐŝƚ ǁǁǁ͘ĐĐŚƉŚĞĂůƚŚƉůĂŶ͘ĐŽŵͬĨĂŵŝůLJͲŵĞŵďĞƌ !! %+)&,+ &%+&+&)$,#)0),# *+666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666I % + &%*6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666I
    [Show full text]
  • Antipsychotics (Part-4) FLUOROBUTYROPHENONES
    Antipsychotics (Part-4) FLUOROBUTYROPHENONES The fluorobutyrophenones belong to a much-studied class of compounds, with many compounds possessing high antipsychotic activity. They were obtained by structure variation of the analgesic drug meperidine by substitution of the N-methyl by butyrophenone moiety to produce the butyrophenone analogue which has similar activity as chlorpromazine. COOC2H5 N H3C Meperidine COOC2H5 N O Butyrophenone analog The structural requirements for antipsychotic activity in the group are well worked out. General features are expressed in the following structure. F AR Y O N • Optimal activity is seen when with an aromatic with p-fluoro substituent • When CO is attached with p-fluoroaryl gives optimal activity is seen, although other groups, C(H)OH and aryl, also give good activity. • When 3 carbons distance separates the CO from cyclic N gives optimal activity. • The aliphatic amino nitrogen is required, and highest activity is seen when it is incorporated into a cyclic form. • AR is an aromatic ring and is needed. It should be attached directly to the 4-position or occasionally separated from it by one intervening atom. • The Y group can vary and assist activity. An example is the hydroxyl group of haloperidol. The empirical SARs suggest that the 4-aryl piperidino moiety is superimposable on the 2-- phenylethylamino moiety of dopamine and, accordingly, could promote affinity for D2 receptors. The long N-alkyl substituent could help promote affinity and produce antagonistic activity. Some members of the class are extremely potent antipsychotic agents and D2 receptor antagonists. The EPS are extremely marked in some members of this class, which may, in part, be due to a potent DA block in the striatum and almost no compensatory striatal anticholinergic block.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Effectiveness Meta-Analysis of Drugs for the Prophylaxis of Migraine Headache
    University of South Florida Masthead Logo Scholar Commons School of Information Faculty Publications School of Information 7-2015 A Comparative Effectiveness Meta-Analysis of Drugs for the Prophylaxis of Migraine Headache Authors: Jeffrey L. Jackson, Elizabeth Cogbill, Rafael Santana-Davila, Christina Eldredge, William Collier, Andrew Gradall, Neha Sehgal, and Jessica Kuester OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and side effects of migraine prophylactic medications. DESIGN: We performed a network meta-analysis. Data were extracted independently in duplicate and quality was assessed using both the JADAD and Cochrane Risk of Bias instruments. Data were pooled and network meta-analysis performed using random effects models. DATA SOURCES: PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Trial Registry, bibliography of retrieved articles through 18 May 2014. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We included randomized controlled trials of adults with migraine headaches of at least 4 weeks in duration. RESULTS: Placebo controlled trials included alpha blockers (n = 9), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 3), angiotensin receptor blockers (n = 3), anticonvulsants (n = 32), beta-blockers (n = 39), calcium channel blockers (n = 12), flunarizine (n = 7), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (n = 6), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (n = 1) serotonin agonists (n = 9) and tricyclic antidepressants (n = 11). In addition there were 53 trials comparing different drugs. Drugs with at least 3 trials that were more effective than placebo for episodic migraines
    [Show full text]
  • Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanismss
    Supplemental Material can be found at: /content/suppl/2020/12/18/73.1.202.DC1.html 1521-0081/73/1/202–277$35.00 https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Pharmacol Rev 73:202–277, January 2021 Copyright © 2020 by The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC Attribution 4.0 International license. ASSOCIATE EDITOR: MICHAEL NADER Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanismss Antonio Inserra, Danilo De Gregorio, and Gabriella Gobbi Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Abstract ...................................................................................205 Significance Statement. ..................................................................205 I. Introduction . ..............................................................................205 A. Review Outline ........................................................................205 B. Psychiatric Disorders and the Need for Novel Pharmacotherapies .......................206 C. Psychedelic Compounds as Novel Therapeutics in Psychiatry: Overview and Comparison with Current Available Treatments . .....................................206 D. Classical or Serotonergic Psychedelics versus Nonclassical Psychedelics: Definition ......208 Downloaded from E. Dissociative Anesthetics................................................................209 F. Empathogens-Entactogens . ............................................................209
    [Show full text]
  • Skim - a Generalized Literature-Based Discovery System For
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.16.343012; this version posted October 17, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. SKiM - A generalized literature-based discovery system for uncovering novel biomedical knowledge from PubMed Kalpana Raja1, John Steill1, Ian Ross2, Lam C Tsoi3,4,5, Finn Kuusisto1, Zijian Ni6, Miron Livny2, James Thomson1,7 and Ron Stewart1* 1Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA 2Center for High Throughput Computing, Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 3Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 4Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 5Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 6Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 7Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA *Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Phone: (608) 316-4349 Home page: https://morgridge.org/profile/ron-stewart/ bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.16.343012; this version posted October 17, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Literature-based discovery (LBD) uncovers undiscovered public knowledge by linking terms A to C via a B intermediate. Existing LBD systems are limited to process certain A, B, and C terms, and many are not maintained. We present SKiM (Serial KinderMiner), a generalized LBD system for processing any combination of A, Bs, and Cs.
    [Show full text]
  • Diphenylbutylpiperidine Antipsychotic Drugs Inhibit Prolactin Receptor
    Gastroenterology 2020;158:1433–1449 Diphenylbutylpiperidine Antipsychotic Drugs Inhibit Prolactin Receptor Signaling to Reduce Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Mice Prasad Dandawate,1 Gaurav Kaushik,2 Chandrayee Ghosh,1 David Standing,1 Afreen Asif Ali Sayed,1 Sonali Choudhury,1 Dharmalingam Subramaniam,1 Ann Manzardo,3 Tuhina Banerjee,4 Santimukul Santra,4 Prabhu Ramamoorthy,1 Merlin Butler,3 Subhash B. Padhye,1,5 Joaquina Baranda,6 Anup Kasi,6 Weijing Sun,6 Ossama Tawfik,7 Domenico Coppola,8 Mokenge Malafa,8 Shahid Umar,2 Michael J. Soares,7,9,10,11 Subhrajit Saha,12 Scott J. Weir,1,13 Animesh Dhar,1 Roy A. Jensen,1,7 Sufi Mary Thomas,1,14 and Shrikant Anant1,2,5 1Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; 2Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; 4Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas; 5Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar College, University of Pune, Pune; 6Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; 7Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; 8Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; 9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; 10Department
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 1/41
    Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 ATC code ATC group / Active substance (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit DDD/1000/ day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 167,8985 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0738 A01AB09 Miconazole (O) 7088 g 0,2 g 0,0738 A01AB12 Hexetidine (O) 1951200 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+ Benzocaine (dental) 30200 pieces A01AB82 Demeclocycline+ Triamcinolone (dental) 680 g A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+ Thymol (dental) 3094 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+ Cetylpyridinium chloride (gingival) 227150 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+ Cetrimide (O) 30900 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate (O) 864720 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+ Chamomille extract (O) 370080 g A01AD90 Lidocaine+ Paraformaldehyde (dental) 405 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 47,1312 A02A ANTACIDS 1,0133 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 1,0133 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 811120 pieces 10 pieces 0,1689 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 3101974 ml 50 ml 0,1292 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+ Magnesium carbonate (O) 3434232 pieces 10 pieces 0,7152 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 46,1179 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 2,3855 A02BA02 Ranitidine (O) 340327,5 g 0,3 g 2,3624 A02BA02 Ranitidine (P) 3318,25 g 0,3 g 0,0230 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 43,7324 A02BC01 Omeprazole
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans
    molecules Review Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans Paul Cumming 1,2,* , Milan Scheidegger 3 , Dario Dornbierer 3, Mikael Palner 4,5,6 , Boris B. Quednow 3,7 and Chantal Martin-Soelch 8 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland 2 School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia 3 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (B.B.Q.) 4 Odense Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; [email protected] 5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark 6 Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 7 Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, CH-8058 Zurich, Switzerland 8 Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract: Hallucinogens are a loosely defined group of compounds including LSD, N,N- dimethyltryptamines, mescaline, psilocybin/psilocin, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methamphetamine (DOM), Citation: Cumming, P.; Scheidegger, which can evoke intense visual and emotional experiences. We are witnessing a renaissance of re- M.; Dornbierer, D.; Palner, M.; search interest in hallucinogens, driven by increasing awareness of their psychotherapeutic potential. Quednow, B.B.; Martin-Soelch, C. As such, we now present a narrative review of the literature on hallucinogen binding in vitro and Molecular and Functional Imaging ex vivo, and the various molecular imaging studies with positron emission tomography (PET) or Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT).
    [Show full text]