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Home , Diphenylbutylpiperidine, Flunarizine, Mesulergine

ajor Psychoactive Grouped by rug Class

Drug and class Trade name(s)

CNS Stimulants Benzedrine® deanol Deaner® dextroamphetamine (D-amphetamine) Dexedrine® levoamphetamine (L-amphetamine) Cydril® methylphenidate Ritalin® pemoline Cylert® Neuroleptics (, "major tranquilizers") Largactil®, Thorazine® (decanoate) Prolixin®, Modecate® Serentil® peracetazine Quide® pericyazine Neulactil® Trilafon® pipothiazine palmitate Piportil® Compazine®, Stemetil® Sparine® Mellaril® Stelazine® Taractan®, Tarasan® flupenthixol (decanoate) Depixol® thiothixene Navane® Droleptan® Haldol®, Serenace® pipamperon Dipiperon®

Not all drugs listed are approved for use in children or in all countries.

417 418 Appendix A

Drug and class Trade name( s)

Neuroleptics (Continued) Dibenzoxazepines Loxitane® Diphenylbutylpiperidine Orap® Dibenzodiazepines Clozaril®, Leponex® Antiparkinson drugsh Symmetrel® benztropine Cogentin® biperiden Akineton® Benadryl® ethopropazine Parsidol® procyclidine Kemadrin® trihexyphenidyl Artane® AntidepressantJantimanic drugs EIavil®, Amitril®, Endep® Anafranil® Norpramin®, Pertofrane® Sinequan®, Adapin® Tofranil®, lanimine®, Dumex® Pamelor®, Arentyl®, Allegron® protripty line Vivactil®, Concordin Surmontil®

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors isocarboxazid Marplan® moclobemide Aurorix® phenelzine Nardil® tranylcypromine Parnate® Atypical Asendin® buproprion Wellbutrin® Prozac® Ludiomil® nomifensine Merital® sertraline Desyrel® Mood stabilizers (antimanics) carbamazepinea Tegretol® clonazepama Klonopin®, Rivotril® lithium carbonate Eskalith®, Lithane®, Lithobid®, Lithotab® valproic acida Depakote®, Depakene®, Epilim® Antiepileptics (anticonvulsants) mephobarbital Mebaral® phenobarbital Gardenal®, Luminal® Mysoline® Hydantoins Perganone® Appendix A 419

Drug and class Trade name(s)

Antiepileptics (Continued) Hydantoins (Continued) Mesantoin® Dilantin® Succinimides Zarontin® methsuximide Celontin® Milontin® Benzodiazepines clonazepama Klonopin®, Rivotril® clorazepatea Tranxene® diazepama Valium® lorazepama Ativan® Other Tegretol® valproic acid Depakene®, Depakote®, Epilim® New, under development felbamate a-vinyl GABA Vigabatrin ® progabide -hypnotics dyphenhydramine Benadryl® Atarax® Phenergan® trimeprazine Temaril®, Vallergan® Benzodiazepines ("minor tranquilizers") alprazolam Xanax® chlordiazepoxide Librium® clonazepama Klonopin®, Rivotril® clorazepatea Tranxene® diazepama Valium® flurazepam Dalmane® lorazepama Ativan® nitrazepam Mogadon® oxazepam Serax®, Serapax® prazepam Verstran® temazepam Restoril®, Euhypnos® triazolam Halcion® Benzodiazepine analogues zopiclone Imovane® Atypical anxiolytics BuSpar® Other chloral hydrate Noctec® meprobamate Equanil®, Miltown® 420 AppendtxA

Drug and class Trade name(s)

Sedative-hypnotics (Continued) Other (Continued) secobarbital Seconal® Miscellaneous (

Trade name Generic name Class

Adapin® doxepin Akineton® biperiden Antiparkinson Allegron® nortriptyline Antidepressant Amitril® amitriptyline Antidepressant Anafranil® clomipramine Antidepressant Arentyl® nortriptyline Antidepressant Artane® trihexyphenidyl Antiparkinson Asendin® amoxapine Sedative-hypnotic Atarax® hydroxyzine Sedative-hypnotic Ativan® Sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic Aurorix® moclobemide Antidepressant Benadryl® diphenhydramine Sedative-hypnotic Benzedrine® amphetamine CNS stimulant BuSpar® buspirone Sedative-hypnotic (anxiolytic) Catapres® clonidine Antihypertensive

Not all drugs listed are approved for use in children or in all countries.

421 422 Appendix B

Trade name Generic name Class

Dexedrine® dextroamphetamine CNS stimulant Dilantin® phenytoin Antiepileptic Dipiperon® pipamperon Neuroleptic Droleptan® droperidol Neuroleptic Dumex® imipramine Antidepressant Elavil® amitriptyline Antidepressant Endep® amitriptyline Antidepressant Epilim® valproic acid Antiepileptic Equanil® meprobamate Sedative-hypnotic Eskalith® lithium carbonate Antimanic/mood stabilizer Euhypnos® temazepam Sedative-hypnotic Gardenal® phenobarbital Antiepileptic Halcion® triazolam Sedative-hypnotic Haldol® haloperidol Neuroleptic Imovane® zopiclone Sedative-hypnotic Inderal® propranolol j3-adrenergic blocker lanimine® imipramine Antidepressant Kemadrin® procyclidine Antiparkinson Klonopin® clonazepam Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic Largactil® chlorpromazine Neuroleptic Leponex® clozapine Neuroleptic Librium® chlordiazepoxide Sedative-hypnotic Lithane® lithium carbonate Antimanic/mood stabilizer Lithobid® lithium carbonate Antimanic/mood stabilizer Loxitane® loxapine Neuroleptic Ludiomil® maprotiline Antidepressant Luminal® phenobarbital Antiepileptic Marplan® isocarboxazid Antidepressant Mebaral® mephobarbital Antiepileptic Mellaril® thioridazine Neuroleptic Merital® nomifensine Antidepressant Mesantoin® mephenytoin Antiepileptic Milontin® phensuximide Antidepressant Miltown® meprobamate Sedative-hypnotic Modecate® fluphenazine Neuroleptic Mogadon® nitrazepam Sedative-hypnotic Mysoline® primidone Antiepileptic Narcan® naloxone Opiate blocker Nardil® phenelzine Antidepressant Navane® thiothixene Neuroleptic Neulactil® pericyazine Neuroleptic Noctec® chloral hydrate Sedative-hypnotic Norpramin® desipramine Antidepressant Orap® pimozide Neuroleptic Pamelor® nortriptyline Antidepressant Parnate® tranylcypromine Antidepressant Parsidol® ethopropazine Antiparkinson Peganone® ethotoin Antiepileptic Pertofrane® desipramine Antidepressant Phenergan® promethazine Sedative-hypnotic Ponderax® fenfluramine Serotonin depleting agent Appendix B 423

Trade name Generic name Class

Pondimin® fenfluramine Serotonin depleting agent Prolixin® fluphenazine Neuroleptic Prozac® fluoxetine Antidepressant Quide® peracetazine Neuroleptic Restoril® temazepam Sedative-hypnotic Ritalin® methylphenidate CNS stimulant Rivotril® c10nazepam Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic Seconal® secobarbital Sedative-hypnotic Serapax® oxazepam Sedative-hypnotic Serax® oxazepam Sedative-hypnotic Serenace® haloperidol Neuroleptic Serentil® mesoridazine Neuroleptic Sinequan® doxepin Antidepressant Sparine® promazine Neuroleptic Stelazine® trifluoperazine Neuroleptic Stemetil® prochlorperazine Neuroleptic Surmontil® trimipramine Antidepressant Symmetrel® amantadine Antiparkinson Taractan® chlorprothixene Neuroleptic Tarasan® chlorprothixene Neuroleptic Tegretol® carbamazepine Antiepileptic/mood stabilizer Temaril® trimeprazine Sedative-hypnotic Thorazine® chlorpromazine Neuroleptic Tofranil® imipramine Antidepressant TI-anxene® c10razepate Sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic Trexan® naltrexone Opiate blocker Thlafon® perhenazine Neuroleptic Valium® diazepam Sedative-hypnotic, antiepileptic Vallergan® trimeprazine Sedative-hypnotic Verstran® prazepam Sedative-hypnotic Vivactil® protripty line Antidepressant Wellbutrin® buproprion Antidepressant Xanax® alprazolam Antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic Zarontin® ethosuximide Antiepileptic Index

Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Ill, 13 3, ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity 134 Disorder) (Cont.) Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS), neuroleptics in, 282 288 parent rating scales for, 1I5 Abuse: see Drugs of Abuse; Substance Abuse pharmacotherapy of, 180-182 ACE inhibitors: see Angiotensin-converting prevalence of drug use in, 59-63, 70 enzyme inhibitors rating scale, 109, 1I3-1I6 Acetaminophen, 244 self-rating scales for, 1I6 Acetazolamide, 364 situation-specific scales for, 1I6 Acetylcholine, 241, 270, 358; see also stimulant drugs in, 62, 134-135, 205-231 Anticholinergics teacher rating scales for, 108-1I5 Achievement tests, 146-147 Adolescent, adolescence considerations in using, 146-147 definition, 4 Peabody Individual Achievement Test, 147 psychiatric diagnosis in,I02 Wide Range Achievement Test, 147 Adrenalin: see Noradrenalin Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Aerosol abuse, 306 Battery, 147 Affective disorders: see Mood disorders Adapin®: see Doxepin Aggression, 1I6, 186, 278-279 Additives: see Food additives behavior observations in, 139 ADDH Adolescent Self-Report Scale, 1I6 benzodiazepines in, 398-399 ADDH Comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale j3-adrenergic blockers in, 408-409 (ACTeRS), 112-1I4, 1I6 biochemical correlates, 196 ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity clinical features, 195 Disorder) informant scales for, 1I7-1I9 antidepressants in, 247-248 inpatient rating scales for, 1I8-1I9 antipsychotics in, 282 lithium in, 257 associated conditions, 219-220 pharmacotherapy of, 195 behavior rating scales for,I08, 1I2-1I6 self-ratings for, 1I9 behavior observations in 139 Agoraphobia, 191 biochemical correlates, 182 AIDS caffeine in, 378 manic illness in, 363 clonidine in, 404 screening, 93 diagnostic features of, 180-182 stimulants in, 220 drug prevalence in, 59-63, 70 Akathisia, 284 duration of treatment for, 61 Akinesia, 284 etiological hypotheses, 182 Akineton®: see Biperiden fenfluramine in, 406 Albuterol, 356 lithium in, 258 Alcohol MAOIs in, 251 abuse, 303-305 methylphenidate in, 61 effect on drug elimination, 33

425 426 Index

Allegron®: see Nortriptyline Antidepressants (Cont.) Alprazolam, 394-395, 397-399, 423; see also monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOls) Anxiolytics (Cont.) Aluminium, aluminum, 361 clinical effects, 251 Amantadine, 182, 358, 360-361 definitions and classes, 250 antiparkinson effect, 423 drug interactions, 252 Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs, 336 pharmacology, 250 Amfebutamone, 361 indications, contraindications, 251-253 Amfepramone, 361 side effects, 252 Aminocaproic acid, 362 types, 240 Amitril®: see Amitriptyline Antidysthymic drugs, 239-289; see also Amitriptyline, 240-249, 421-422; see also Antidepressants; Antimanics Antidepressants Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs); 321-344; see also Amoxapine, 240-249, 421; see also Anxiolytics; CNS Depressants; Antidepressants Antimanics , 206-207, 224-225, 421; see barbiturates, 327-328 also Stimulants behavioral effects, 332-340 abuse, 307 benzodiazepines, 330, 394-401 introduction into use, 5 in bipolar disorders, 259-263 Anabolic steroids, 365 blood levels, 326 Anafranil®: see Clomipramine bromides, 327 Analgesics, 362, 364 cognitive effects, 332-340 Analogue classroom tests, 142; see also in , 322-326 Performance tests hydantoins, 328 Anesthetic agents, 358, 359 in manic disorders, 259-263 Angel dust: see PCP and organic anxiety syndrome, 366 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and organic delusional syndrome, 361 inhibitors, 367 pharmacology, 325-330, 392-395 Anorexia nervosa prevalence of use, 66-67 diagnostic features, 188 psychotropic effects, 259-263, 341-343, pharmacotherapy, 188 395-396 Antibiotics, 358, 360-362, 364, 366 side effects, 325, 364, 399 Anticholinergics, 358, 363, 401-402; see also succinimides, 329 Antihistamines, in sleep disorders summary table of, 325 Anticholinesterases, 364 types, names, 325-330 Anticonvulsants: see Antiepileptics valproic acid, 329-330 Antidepressants, 239-268, 418; see also Antihistamines, 252, 355, 362, 366, 401-402, Antimanics, Antidysthymic drugs 419 behavioral and emotional effects in sleep disorders, 401-402 blood levels, 243 Antihypertensives, 355, 358, 362, 366 cognitive and learning effects, 245 Antiinflammatory drugs, 364 definition and classes, 240 Antimalarials, 359 doses, 244 Antimanics, 239-268, 418 drug interactions, 244, 249 Antineoplastics, 355, 362 ECG and, 246 Antiparkinson drugs, 358, 362-364, 418, 423 heterocyclic, 240-249 Antipsychotics: see Neuroleptics indications and contraindications, 247-249 Antitussive preparations, 315, 358 pharmacology, 240-244 Anxiety and anxiety disorders side effects, 245-247 antidepressants and, 194 sudden death and, 245 assessment of, 126-132 withdrawal effects, 246 ~-adrenergic blockers in, 409 monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 250-253 behavior observations in, 140 blood levels, 250-257 behavior rating scales for, 130-131 Index 427

Anxiety and anxiety disorders (Cont.) , 361-363, 366 benzodiazepines in, 396-397 Barbiturates, 305, 327-328, 418; see also organic causes of, 76 Antiepileptics; Anxiolytics personality scales for, 130 Behavior Disturbance Scale, 134 pharmacotberapyof, 190-193 Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI), 111, 133 self-rating scales for, 126-129 Behavior Evaluation Rating Scale (BeERS), 134 specific disorders, 129-130 Behavior rating scales, 103-138 structured interviews in, 131 advantages and limitations, 103-104 Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule (ADIS), customized, 104, 106, 109 110-131 for ADHD, 108, 109, 112-116 Anxiolytics, 391-403; see also Benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders, 110, 126-132 abuse of, 305-306 for bipolar disorder, 125-126 atypical, 402 for , 110, 120-126 definitions, 391-392 general purpose, 104-105 effects, 395-399 for mental retardation, 111, 132-134 as hypnotics, 392 for pervasive developmental disorders, 111, indications, 396-399 134-135 pharmacology, 392-395 for preschool children, 111, 135-137 as , 392 for schizophrenia, 132 side effects, 399 for tic and Tourette disorders, 132 types, 392 recommended, 109-111 Appetite Behavioral pediatrics, 4-7 stimulants and, 209 Behavioural Screening Questionnaire (BSQ), 111, suppressants, 315, 364 136-137 Aprinidine, 361, 362 Behaviour Check List, 111, 136-137 Arentyl@: see Nortriptyline Bellevue Index of Depression (BID), 110, 122, Arsenic, 34 123 Artane@: see Trihexyphenidyl Benadryl@: see Diphenhydramine Artificial colors, 383-384 Benzedrine@: see Amphetamines Asendin@: see Amoxapine Benzene, 306 Aspartame, 377-378; see also Foods and Benzodiazepines, 305, 330, 362, 419, 394-401; behavior; Sweeteners see also Drugs of abuse and phenylketonuria (PKU), 377-378 American Psychiatric Association Task Force , 244; see also Antiinflammatory drugs on, 396, 399, 400 Assent to treatment, 162-170; see also Informed analogues, 419 consent behavioral effects, 395-396 Astbma drugs, 355, 363, 366 body systems effects, 396 Atarax@: see Hydroxyzine central nervous system effects, 395-396 Atenolol, 358, 408 cognitive effects, 340, 396 Ativan@: see Lorazepam dose, 400-401 Atropine, 358 half-lives, 393-394 Attention Checklist, 111, 134 indications Attention problems, see also ADHD in aggression, 398-399 clinical features, 196 in anxiety disorders, 397-397 deficit symptoms, 187 in epilepsy, 325, 330 pharmacotberapy in, 196 in excited states, 398-399 Aurorix@: see Moclobemide in manic disorders, 398-399 Autism: see Pervasive developmental disorder in sleep disorders, 397-398 Automated measures of activity level, 143; see pharmacology of, 393-395 also Performance tests potencies, 393-394 Avoidant disorder prescribing guidelines, 399-401 diagnostic features, 191 side effects, 340, 395-396, 399 pharmacotherapy of, 191 Benzoic acid, 383-384 428 Index

Benztropine: see Antiparkinson drugs Butyrophenones, 269-296, 417: see also ~-adrenergic blockers, 358, 364,407-410 Neuroleptics dosage, 409-410 drug interactions, 410 Cadmium, 34 indications, contraindications, 408-410 Caffeine, 182, 206, 366, 378; see also Foods pharmacology, 407-408 and behavior side effects, 410 Calanill>: see ~-adrenergic drugs, 366 Cl\RCellation tasks, 141; see also Performance Bioavailability 27 tests Biochemical correlates of disorders, 179-201 Cannabis, 311-312, 361 Biochemical precursors, 379-380 Carbamazepine, 254, 258, 259-261, 423; see Biperiden 421; see also Antiparkinson drugs also Antiepileptics; Antimanics Bipolar (mood) disorder, 360; see also Manic behavioral effects, 259 disorders; Depression blood levels, 259 antimanics in 253-263 in bipolar disorder, 259-261 benzodiazepines in 261-262, 398 in epilepsy, 325-329 biochemical correlates, 185 pharmacology, 325, 259, 329 diagnostic features, 185 in psychiatric disordets, 259-261 instruments for assessing, 125-126 psychomotor effects, 332-336, 339 neuroleptics in, 278 psychotropic effects, 341-343 pharmacotherapy, 185, 253-263 side effects, 259, 325, 329, 339 Bismuth salts, 366 Cardiac arrest Bleomycin, 359 and antipsychotics, 285 Blood ECG (EKG) in, 91 dyscrasias, 286 antidepressants and, 91, 245 levels, see also pharmacology Cardiovascular and hypertensive drugs, 358, and antiepileptics, 326 361-362, 364, 366 and antidepressants, 243 Carmustine, 359 and clonazepam, 261 CAT (CT) scan, 94 general concepts, 34-35 Catapresill>: see Clonidine and lithium, 255 Catecholamine and enzyme assays, 92 and neuroleptics, 272-273 Cathinone, 361 and stimulants, 208 Celontinill>: see Methsuximide tests, 84, 95 Central nervous system depressants, 392-401; Brain see also Anxiolytics; Antiepileptics; blood flow, 94 Drugs of abuse imaging, 94 Cephalosporins, 359 injury and stimulants, 220 Child Anxiety Frequency Checklist (CAFC), 110, 127 minimal dysfunction, 6; see also ADHD Child Depression Scale, 110, 122 Bromides, 363; see also Antiepileptics Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), 106-107, pharmacology, 327 l09-Ill, 117, 119 side effects, 327 Child Behavior Checklistl2-3 (CBCU2-3), Ill, , 360-362, 366 136 Bronchodilators, 356 Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI), Buflomedil, 364 110, 127-128, 132 Bulimia Childhood Attention Problems (CAP) Scale, biochemical correlates, 190 lOS-l09, 112, 116 diagnostic features, 189 Children's Depression Scale (CDS), 110, 121- pharmacotherapy of, 189 122, 123, 124 Buproprion, 240-249; see also Antidepressants Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), 110, 121-124 BUSparill>: see Buspirone Children's Inventory of Anger, 109, 119 Buspirooe, 305, 393, 402-403, 421; see also Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, Anxiolytics 110-124 Index

Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS), 111, Communication, patient-doctor, 17 134, 135 ComorbiQity, 280, 302 Chloral hydrate, 422; see also Anxiolytics in anorexia and bulimia, 189 Chlordiazepoxide, 393, 394, 399, 422; see also conduct disorder with ADHD, 183 Anxiolytics in swbstance abuse, 194 Chlorgyline, 250, 359 Compazine®: see Procblorperazine Chlorpromazine, 422-423; see also Neuroleptics Competency; see also Informed consent discovery of, 5 developmental aspects, 168 dose equivalents, 270 in informed consent, 165-166, 168 Chlorproiliixene, 423; see also Neuroleptics Compliance, monitoring for, 90 Chocolate, 379; see also Foods and behavior Computer testing of psychomotor functioning, Choline, 364, 379-380; see also Foods and 143-145 behavior advantages and disadvantages of, 144 Chromosome tests, 94 Fe Psy ("Iron Psych") Test System, 145 , 34, 358, 363-364 Gordon Diagnostic System, 144-145 Cisplatin, 359 Serial Recall: Assessment, 145 Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), 104, Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), 145 105, 109, III Concordin®: see Protriptyline Clomipramine, 240-249, 421; see also Conduct disorder, and problems Antidepressants behavior observations in, 139 Clonazepam, 254, 330, 394, 398, 399, 423; see biochemical correlates, 183 also Antiepileptics; Anxiolytics diagnostic features, 182 in anxiety disorders, 3%-397 informant scales for, 117-119 blood levels, 261 inpatient scales for, 118-119 clinical effects, 261 neuroleptics in, 278 in epilepsy, 325, 330 pharmacotherapy of, 182 in manic disorder, 261-262 self-rating scales for, 119 pharmacology, 261, 325, 330, 392-396 Confidentiality, 173-174 in psychotic excitement, 398 Conners Abbreviated Symptom Qaestionnaire in psychiatric disorders 261-262 (CASQ), 108-111, 113, 115-117, 135 side effects, 262, 325, 330 Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), 109, 115- in sleep disorders, 397-398 117,119 withdrawal syndrome and, 262 Conners Teacher Rating Scale (TRS, CTQ), 109, Clonidine, 364, 403-404, 421; see also 113-115, 117, 119 Antihypertensives Consent to treatment: see Informed consent indications and usage, 403-404 Continuous Performance Task (CPT), 141; see pharmacology, 403 also Performance tests Clorazepate, 330, 394, 423; see also Anxiolytics Corticosteroids, 333, 363-364 Clozapine, 277, 422; see also Neuroleptics Cough medicines, 315, 358 Clozaril®: see Clozapine Crack: see Cocaine, 307 Crank,307 Codeine, 313 , 362-363 Cogelltin®: see Benztropine Cyclopentolate, 361 Cognition, see also Learning Cycloserine, 366 and antidepressants, 245 Cyclosporine, 363 and antiepileptics, 321-344 Cydri1®: see Levoamphetamine and benzodiazepines, 340, 396 Cylert®: see pemoline and lithium, 255 , 361, 364 and neuroleptics, 278, 281-282 Cytardine, 359 and phenobarbital, 323-326, 336-337, 396 and stimulallts, 211, 217 Dalmane®: see Flurazepam and valproic acid, 260-261, 325, 329-330, Dantrium®: see Dantrolene 333-336, 339-340, 343 Dapsone, 366 430 Index

Deaner®; see Deanol Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Deanol, 206, 421; see also Stimulants Disorders, 3rd Ed; see DSM-ill, DSM-ill-R Deet, 358, 363 Diazepam, 330, 394, 398, 399, 400, 423; see Delay task, 142-143; see also Performance tests also Anxiolytics; Antiepileptics; Delirium, 357 Benzodiazepines diagnosis and features, 357 Dibenzodiazepines, 269-296 drugs causing, 358 Diet, drug elimination and, 33; see also Foods management, 359 and behavior Demerol®; see Meperidine Dihydroindolones, 269-296 Depakene®; see Valproic acid Dilantin®; see Phenytoin Depakote®; see Valproic acid , 254, 358, 363 Deprenyl®; see Selegiline Dimensions of psychopathology Depression, 120 aggression, 195 atypical, 251 attention, 196 behavior observations in, 139-140 Diphenhydramine, 401, 421; see also biochemical correlates, 184 Antihistamines diagnostic features, 183, 240 overdose, 361 drug prevalence in, 67 Diphenoxylate, 364 instruments for assessing, 120-126 Diphenylbutylpiperidines, 269-296 lithium in, 258 Dipiperon®; see Pipamperon and medical drugs, 363-366 Direct observations of behavior, 13 7 -140 neuroleptics in, 277-278 , 358 pharmacotherapy, 183, 239-253 Disorders (psychiatric) Desipramine, 240-249, 422; see also biochemical correlates, 179-201 Antidepressants diagnostic features, 179-201 Depressive Self-Rating Scale, 110, 122 pharmacotherapy of, 179-201 Depressive symptoms; see Depression Disruptive behavior disorders, pharmacotherapy Desmopressin, 361 of, 180-183; see also ADHD; Conduct; Desyrel®; see Trazodone Oppositional defiant disorder Development Dissociative agents, 310-311 and antidepressants, 242 Distractability, 188, 279 definition, 8 Disulfiram, 364 Developmental disorders, pharmacotherapy of, Diuretics, 258, 365 186-188 , 182, 184-186, 206, 241, 270, 296, Developmentally Delayed Children's Behaviour 362 Checklist (DDCBCL), 111, 134 drugs, 182, 358, 360 Devereaux Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale, Dose 111, 134 causes of excessive, 17 Devereaux Child Behavior Rating Scale, 111, intervals, 41 134 mUltiple and steady-state, 40 Dexamethasone suppression test, 92 Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Dexedrine®; see Dextroamphetamine Symptom Scale (DOTES), 87-90 Dextroamphetamine, 206, 224, 225; see also Doxepin, 240-249, 421, 423; see also Amphetamines Antidepressants Diagnostic interview, 101-102, 125, 131-132 Droleptan®; see Droperidol Diagnostic Interview for Children (DICA), 101- Dronabinol, 361, 366 102, 125, 131-132 Droperidol, 422; see also Neuroleptics Diagnostic Assessment of the Severely Drug(s); see also Pharmacology; Prescribing Handicapped (DASH) Scale, 134 of abuse, 297-319 Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children action, 46-54 (DISC), 102, 125, 131 administration routes, 26 Diagnostic Interview for Depression in Children biotransformation, 31 and Adolescents (DIDCA), 110, 124 classification, 8-11, 417-420 Index 431

Drug(s) (Cont.) Dyskinesias, 88-89, 187, 287-289; see also clearance, 39 Extrapyramidal effects; Tardive companies, 14 dyskinesia definition, 4 Dysthymic disorder: see Depression dependence, 298 Dystonic reaction, 284 distribution and fate in body, 23, 28-38 dose-response curve, 48 Eating disorders, 188 elimination, 30-34 ECG: see Electrocardiogram evaluation of, 11 Education, drug prevalence in, 61 half-life, 40 EEG: see Electroencephalography history of, 11 EKG: see Electrocardiogram interactions, 33, 229, 244, 249, 252, 258, Elavil®: see Amitriptyline 274,410 Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG), 91, 245; see look-alike, 10 also Side effects monitoring over-the-counter, 315 Electroencephalography (EEG) physical effects monitoring, 75-97 and anxiolytics 395 principles of use, 14-20 and epilepsy 286, 322 receptors, 47 - 54 indications for, 92, 286 and sudden death: see cardiac arrest and neuroleptics 286 steady-state concentrations, 40 spectral tomography, 94 time course of effect, 18, 43-44 and stimulants, 210 trade names, 421-423 Elimination disorders, 195; see also Encopresis; types and names, 9, 417-423 Enuresis Drug abuse, 297-319 Emotional Disorders Rating Scale (EDRS), 110, and alcohol, 303-305 123-124 and anxiolytics 303-306, 391-402 for Developmental Disabilities (EDRS-DD), and cannabinols, 311 111, 133 and CNS depressants, 303, 392-401 Encopresis and comorbid psychiatric conditions, 302 diagnostic features, 195 definition, 297 pharmacotherapy of, 195 diagnosis of, 301-302 Endep®: see Amitriptyline and dissociative agents, 310 Enuresis epidemiology, 298 antidepressants and, 248 etiology, 299-300 biochemical correlates, 195 and hallucinogens, 311-312 diagnostic features, 195 health problems and mortality in, 301-302 pharmacotherapy of, 195 in homicides, 301 prevalence of drug treatment in, 67-68 and inhalants, 306 Epilepsy: see Seizure disorders and miscellaneous agents, 315 Epilim: see Valproic acid in motor and vehicle deaths, 301 Equal: see Aspartame and opiates, 313 Equanil®: see Meprobamate outcome, 300 Eskalith®: see Lithium carbonate patterns in, 300 Ethanol: see Alcohol and sedative hypnotics, 305-306, 392-401 Ether, 306 and stimulants, 307 Ethopropazine, 422; see also Antiparkinson substances abused, 303-315 drugs toxicology screens in, 302 Ethosuximide, 423; see also Antiepileptics treatment, 315-318 indications, 325, 329 Drug treatment: see Pharmacotherapy pharmacology, 325, 329 DSM-III, DSM-III-R, 100, 180, 274 side effects, 325, 329 critique, 12 Ethotoin, 328, 422; see also Antiepileptics impact of, 6 Euhypnos®: see Temazepam Dumex®: see Imipramine Eutonyl®: see Pargyline 432 Index

Excited states, 398-399 Grass: see Cannabis Expectancy effect: see Placebo Growth,289 Explosiveness, 278 stimulants and, 209, 218-219 Extrapyramidal effects, 284, 287-289 Halcion®: see Triazolam Fe Psy ("Iron Psych") Test System, 146; see Haldol®: see Haloperidol also Computer testing Half-life, 40 Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised Hallucinogens, 311-313 (FSSC-R), 110, 126 Haloperidol, 271-283, 422-423; see also Feingold hypothesis, 386 Neuroleptics Felbamate, 330 Hashish: see Cannibis Fenfluramine, 405-407, 422 Heavy metals, 382 dose, 406-407 Height: see Growth indications and usage, 405-407 Heroin, 313 pharmacology, 405 (H2) blockers, 358, 361 side effects, 407 Holistic medicine, 20, 373 Fentanyl, 310-311 Home Situations Questionnaire (HSQ), 109, 116 First-pass effect, 27 Homicides, 301 5-Fluorouracil, 359 Horse: see Heroin Fluorinated hydrocarbons, 306 Hydantoins, 328, 418; see also Antiepileptics Fluoxetine, 240-249, 422; see also 5-Hydroxytryptamine: see Serotonin Antidepressants 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 404-405 Fluphenazine, 422; see also Neuroleptics Hydroxyzine, 305, 401, 421; see also Flurazepam, 394, 421; see also Anxiolytics Antihistamines; Anxiolytics Food and Drug Administration (U.S.), 11 Hyoscine, 358 Foods and behavior, 375-384 Hyperactivity, 188, 279; see also ADHD additives, 383-384 Hyperkinetic disorder: see ADHD caffeine, 378 Hypertensive crisis, 252 chocolate, 379 clinical considerations, 384-385 ICD-9,274 heavy metals, 382 ICD-IO, 100, 125, 180, 275 sweeteners, 375-378 Imipramine, 240-249, 422; see also trace metals, 382 Antidepressants vitamins, 380-384 Imovane®: see Zopicline Freebase: see Cocaine Impulsivity, 188; see also Cognition Inderal®: see Propranolol GABA (''I-amino butyric acid), 192, 260, 327, 392 Indomethacin, 355, 359 -y-Vinyl-GABA, 330 Infantile autism: see Pervasive developmental G-proteins, 51 disorder Gardenal®: see Phenobarbital Infortned consent, 162-170 Gasoline, 306 authority of children in, 167-168 Gender identity disorder competency in, 165-166, 168 diagnostic features, 190 custody and consent in, 172-173 pharmacotherapy of, 190 definition, 162-163 General alarm reaction, ~-adrenergic blockers documentation of, 169-170, 171 in, 407-408 elements of, 163-166 General anxiety disorder: see Overanxious exceptions, 166 disorder parental authority in, 166-167 Genetic and chromosome tests, 94 voluntariness in, 164-165 Gentamicin, 359 Inhalants, 306-307, 393; see also CNS Glue: see Inhalants depressants Gordon Diagnostic System, 144-145; see also Insonmia, 276 Computer testing Interferon, 355, 356 Index 433

Interviews, 131 Levoamphetamine, 421; see also Amphetamines; Intoxication, 298; see also Drug abuse Stimulants diagnosis and general features, 355 Levodopa, 182, 358, 360-362, 366; see also drugs causing, 355 Antiparkinson drugs management, 357 Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child, 129, 131 International Classification of Diseases (lCD-9 Librium®: see Chlordiazepoxide and 10), 100, 180, 275 Lithane®: see Lithium carbonate Interview for Childhood Disorders and Lithium, 254-258, 412; see also Antimanics Schizophrenia (ICDS), 132 behavioral and emotional effects, 255 Interview Schedule for Children (ISq, 101, 110, and blood levels, 255 125, 132 cellular actions, 254 Ion channels, 47, 51 cognitive and learning effects, 255 IOWA Conners Teacher Rating Scale, 109, 114- dose, 258 m, 119 drug interactions, 258 IQ, 146, 280-281, 331, 336, 357 indications and contraindications, 256-259 Irritability, 279; see also Aggression and medical workup, 257 Isle of Wight Parent and Child Interviews, 101 pharmacology, 255 Isocarboxazid, 250, 422; see also side effects, 255 Antidepressants Lithobid®: see Lithium Isoniazid, 362-363 Lorazepam, 330, 394, 395, 398-400, 421; see Isoproterenol, 356 also Anxiolytics; Antiepileptics Isoptin®: see Verapamil Louisville Behavior Checklist, 130 Isosafrole, 361 Louisville Fear Survey for Children, 110, 130- m lanimine®: see Imipramine Loxapine, 422; see also Neuroleptics Loxitane®: see Loxapine Kemadrin®: see Procyclidine LSD, 312 , 359 Ludiomil®: see Maprotiline Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Scale, 132 Lumbar puncture, 93 Kiddie Positive and Negative Symptom Scales Luminal®: see Phenobarbital for Children and Adolescents, 132 Lysergide, 364 Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), 101, 110, 125, Magnesium pemoline, 206, 224, 225-22

MAOIs: see Monoamine oxidase inhibitors , 364 Maprotiline, 240-249, 422; see also Metaproterenol, 356 Antidepressants Methamphetamine: see Amphetamines Marijuana: see Cannabis Methantheline, 361 Marplan®: see Isocarboxazid Methaqualone, 305 Matching Familiar Figures (MFF) task, 141-142; Methotrexate, 359 see also Performance tests Methsuximide, 329, 421; see also Antiepileptics MDMA,312 Methylphenidate, 206, 224-225, 423; see also Measurement, 99-147; see also Behavior rating Stimulants scales; Performance tests; Direct abuse of, 307-308 observations in ADHD, 219-231 Mebaral®: see Mephobarbital dose, 212 Mebeverine, 364 indications for, 219-221 , 364 monitoring response, 227-228 Media and prescribing, 19 and organic delusional syndrome, 361 Medical drugs, 347-371 pharmacology, 206-208 adverse reactions of, 349-351 side effects, 214-216 psychoactive effects, 347-368 sustained release form, 208 delirium, 357 usage, 221-227 depressive reaction, 363 , 362 intoxication, 355 , 362-364 management,352 Metoprolol, 408 organic anxiety syndrome, 366 Metrizamide, 361, 363, 366 organic delusional syndrome, 360 Milontin®: see Phensuximide organic hallucinosis, 360 Miltown®: see Meprobamate organic mood syndrome, 362 Minerals, 382 prevalence of, 348 Moclobemide, 250, 421; see also use in children, 347 Antidepressants Medical history taking, 76-84 Modecate®: see Fluphenazine Medical malpractice, 174-176 Mogadon®: see Nitrazepam Megavitamin therapy, 381; see also Vitamins Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 250- Mellaril ®: see Thioridazine 253, 418 Mental retardation, 6; see also Developmental Mood disorders: see Depression; Manic disorder; disabilities Bipolar (mood) disorder biochemical correlates, 187 epidemiology, 239-240, 254 diagnostic features, 186 diagnosis, 239-240 drug prevalence of use in, 63-66, 70 pharmacotherapy, 183, 239-268 and drug withdrawal programs, 63 Mood stabilizers: see Antimanics fenfluramine in, 406 Morphine, 313; see also Opiates neuroleptics in, 280-282 Mortality; see also Cardiac arrest pharmacotherapy, 186 in drug abuse, 301 rating scales for assessing, 132-134 Motion sickness drugs, 355 stimulants in, 218 Motor vehicle deaths, 301 , 361 Mysoline®: see Primidone Meperidine, 252, 313; see also Opiates Mephenytoin, 328, 422; see also Antiepileptics Nadolol, 408, 409 Mephobarbital, 327, 422; see also Antiepileptics Nail polish remover, 306 Meprobamate, 422; see also Anxiolytics Nalidixid acid, 359 Mercury, 34 Naloxone, 410, 422; see also Opiate blockers Merital®: see Nomifensine Naltrexone, 410, 411, 423; see also Opiate Mesantoin®: see Mephenytoin blockers , 312 Name(s) Mesoridazine, 423; see also Neuroleptics brand: see trade Index 435

Name(s) (Cont.) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) generic, 10 biochemical correlates, 192 trade, 10 diagnostic features, 192 Narcan®: see Naloxone instruments for assessing, 129 Narcotic analgesics, 362; see also Opiates pharmacotherapy of, 192 Nardil ®: see Phenelzine Ocular reactions, 286 Natural remedies, 373 Opiates, 313-315, 361, 366 Navane®: see Thiothixene Opiate blockers, 410-412 Neulactil®: see Pericyazine dose, 412 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), 93, contraindications, 412 287; see also Serotonin metabolic crisis indications 314-315, 411-412 Neuroleptics, 269-296, 360 pharmacology, 410-411 blood levels, 272-273 side effects, 412 chlorpromazine dose equivalents, 270 Oppositional defiant disorder; see also Conduct clinical indications, 274-283 disorder; Aggression definition and classes, 269 diagnostic features, 183 depot preparations, 272 pharmacotherapy, 183 dose, 275 Oral contraceptives, 365 drug interactions, 274 Orap®: see Pimozide effect on cognition, 278, 281-282 Organic anxiety syndrome, 366 and growth, 289 Organic delusional syndrome, 360 names, 269, 417 Organic hallucinosis, 360 neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 287 Organic mood syndrome, 362 pharmacology, 270-274 Over-the-counter drugs, 315 pretreatment screening, 276 Overanxious disorder side effects, 283-289 diagnostic features, 191 sudden death in, 285 pharmacotherapy of, 191 system effects, 273, 283-289 Overt Aggression Scale, 109, 118 and tardive dyskinesia, 288 Oxalamine, 358 and tardive dystonia, 288 Oxazepam, 394, 395, 423; see also Anxiolytics therapeutic effect, delay in, 272 Oxyprenolol, 408 withdrawal symptoms, 289 Neurological examination, 84 Paired associate learning, 142; see also Physical and Neurological Exam for Soft Performance tests Signs (PANESS), 89 Pamelor®: see Nortriptyline Nicotine: see Tobacco Panic disorder, 191 , 252, 254 instruments for assessing, 129 Night terrors, 194 Pargyline, 252 Niridazole, 363 Parkinsonian effects, 284 Nitrazepam, 394-395, 422; see also Anxiolytics Parnate®: see Tranylcypromine , 306 Parsidol®: see Ethopropazine Noctec®: see Chloral hydrate pcp, 310-311 Nomifensine, 422; see also Antidepressants Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised Noncompliance: see Compliance (PIAT-R), 147; see also Achievement Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tests, 146-147 358, 361 Pediatric, definition, 4 Nootropics, 373-375 Peer Nomination Inventory of Depression Noradrenalin, 182, 184-185, 193, 206, 241, 270 (PIND), 125 Norephedrine, 361 Peer Conflict Scale, 109, 117-119 Norpramin®: see Desipramine Peganone®: see Ethotoin Nortriptyline, 240-249, 421; see also Pemoline: see Magnesium pemoline Antidepressants Penicillin, 359 NutraSweet®: see Aspartame Penlentolol, 408 lmIex

Peracetazme, 423; see also Neuroleptics Phenytoin (Cant.) Performance tests, 140-143 side effects, 325, 328, 338 , 361-362 Pheochromocytoma, 252 Pericyaziae, 422; see also Neuroleptics Phobic disorders Perphenazine, 341, 423; see also Neuroleptics instruments for assessing, 130 Personality scales, 130 pharmacotherapy, 191, 249, 397 Pertofrane®: see Desipramine Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) Signs (PANESS), 89 biochemical correlates, 188 Physical screening for pharmacotherapy, 75-97 diagnostic features, 187 baseline assessment, 76 fenfluramine in, 405-406 blood and urine tests, 84 instnunents for assessing, 134-135 organ systems review, 80 neuroleptics in, 279-280 past medical history, 76 opiate blockers in, 412 physical and neurological exam, 84 pharmacotherapy, 187 psychiatric review, 83 prevalence of drug use in, 65-66 speech and language assessment, 85 stiIIltllants in, 220 Physical illnesses, psychoactive effects of drugs PET scan, 94 in, 347-371 Pethedine®: see Meperidine Physical examination, 84, 89 Petrol, 306 Physostigmine, 361 , 46-54 Pica , 34-36; see also diagnostic features, 190 Pharmacology pharmacotherapy of, 190 Pharmacology Pimozide, 422; see also Neuroleptics actions of drugs, 4{)-47 Pipamperon, 421; see also Neuroleptics fate of drugs, 23-32 Piportal®: see Pipothiazine palmitate general princ~es, 23-55 Piracetam, 373-375; see also Nootropics pediatric variatiOftS, 44-46 Piribidal, 182 pharmacokinetics, 34-41 , 364 receptors, 47-53 Placebo, 14 time course of action, 43-44 Plasma levels: see Blood levels Pbarmacotherapy; see also individual disorders Plasma proteins, 29 diagnosis and, 179-180 Prodrugs, 32 of disorders and symptoms, 179-201 Polypharmacy, 18 DSM-ID-R and, 179-180 Ponderax®: see Fellfluramine of seizure disorders, 321-346 Pondimin®: see Fenfiuramine , 310-311, 359 Porteus Maze Test, 146; see also IQ Phenelzine, 250, 422; see also Antidepressants PositrOH emission tomography (PET), 94 Phenergan®: see Promethazine Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Phenobarbital, 250, 422; see also Antiepileptics; diagnostic features, 192 Anxiolytics iustruments for assessing, 130 in epilepsy, 325-327 pharmacotherapy of, 192 pharmacology, 325, 327, 393-395 Pot: see CatHlibis psychomotor effects, 323-326, 336-337, 396 Practice effects, 227 side effects, 325, 327, 399 PramHacetam, 374 Phenothiazines, 269-296; see also Neuroleptics Prazepam, 423; see also Anxiolytics Phensuximide, 329, 422; see also Antiepileptics Prednisone, 359 Phenylephrine, 252 Preschool children, instruments for assessing, Phenylpropanolamine, 252 135-137 Phenytoin, 325-338, 421; see also Amiepileptics Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ), lll, 136 in epilepsy, 325, 328 Prescribing pharmacology, 325 and clinical experience, 11 psychomotor effects, 332-335, 338 influences on, 12-15 Index 437

Prescribing (Cant.) Psychosis (Cant.) placebo, 14 neltroleptics in, 276-280 principles, 15-20 organic, 77, 357-362 Prevalence of drug therapy Psychostimulants: see Stimulants in ADHD, 59-63, 70 Psychotropic, 3 in depression, 67 PTSD Reaction Index, 130 in enuresis, 67-68 PUVA therapy, 364 in mental retardation, 63-65, 70 patterns of, 58-59 Quide®: see Peracetazine in pervasive development disorders, 67 Quinacrine, 363, 366 in seizure disorders, 65-67, 70 , 358 in Tourette syndrome, 68-69 Quinme, 361 Primaquine, 364 Primidone, 325-334,422; see also Antiepileptics Rabbit syndrome, 287 indications, 325 , 358 pharmacology, 325, 328 Rating Scale of Dysphoria (RSD), 110, 123-124 psychomotor effects, 333-334 ROC (Research Diagnostic Criteria), 180 side effects, 325 Reefer: see Cannibis , 358, 363 Restoril®: see Temazepam Procarbazine, 359, 362, 363 Retinol, 361 Prochlorperazine, 421, 423; see also Rett's syndrome, 279 Neuroleptics Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (RBPC), Procradia®: see Nifedipine 107,109,117,119 Procyclidine, 422; see also Antiparkinson drugs Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale Professions, nonmedical, 4 (RCMAS), 110, 127, 132 Progabide, 366 Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS), Prolixin®: see Fluphenazine 110, 112 Promazine, 423; see also Neuroleptics Ritalin®: see Methylphenidate Promethazine, 401, 422; see also Antihistamines Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale for Propranolol, 364, 408, 409,422; see also Autism (RLRS), lll, 135 13-Adrenergic blockers Rivotril®: see Clonazepam Protriptyline, 240-249, 421, 423; see also Rock: see Cocaine Antidepressants Rumination disorder of infancy, 190 Prozac®: see Fluoxetine Pseudoephedrine, 252; see also Stimulants Salbutamol, 364 Psychiatric disorders: see Disorders (psychiatric) Salicylates, 359; see also Antiinflammatory Psychiatry drugs child, 5-6 Schizophrenia (schizophrenic disorders) definition, 3-4 biochemical correlates, 186 Psychoactive, 3 diagnostic features, 185 Psychoanalysis, 5, 8 henzodiazepines in, 398-399 Psychopharmacology, pediatric instruments for assessing, 132 current trends, 7-8 neuroleptics in, 276-277 critique, 7-8 and organic delusional syndrome, 360 definition of, 3 pharmacotherapy, 185, 276-277 historical overview, 5-7 prescribing errors in, 16-18 prejudices against, 373 School Age Depression Listed Inventory Psychopharmacology child: see (SADLI), 110, 125 Psychopharmacology, pediatric School phobia Psychosis, see also Depression; Manic disorder; diagnostic features, 191 Schizoprenia; Pervasive developmental pharmacotherapy of, 191 disorder; entries beginning with in Tourette syndrome, 280 "Organic" School Situations Questionnaire (SSQ), 109, 116 438 Index

Scopolamine, 361; see also Anticholinergics Skin reactions and photosensitivity, 286 SDM-III, 274 Sleep disorders Secobarbital, 423; see also Anxiolytics anxiolytics in, 393, 397-398 Seconal®: see Secobarbital antihistamines in, 402 Sedation, 285, 392 benzodiazepines in, 397-398 Sedative-hypnotics drugs: see Anxiolytics diagnostic features, 194 Seizure disorders (epilepsy), 286 pharmacotherapy of, 194, 397-398 cognitive and behavioral function in, 330-336 Smack: see Heroin consequences of, 322-323 Smoking: see Tobacco demographics of, 65 Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale drug prevalence in, 65-67, 70 (SDAS), 109, 119 and parental attitudes, 332 Solvents: see Inhalants pharmacotherapy of, 321-346 Somnambulism, 194 and psychiatric disorders, 341 Sotolol, 408 stimulants in, 220 Sparine®: see Promazine types, 323-324 Special education, drug prevalence in, 61 Selegiline, 250 Speech abnormalities, 280 Self-Injurious Behavior Questionnaire (SIB-Q), Speech and language assessment, 85 Ill, 134 Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS), 109, Self-injury, Ill, 134, 186, 196 118-119 opiate blockers in, 411-412 State-dependent learning, 211 Separation anxiety disorder State-Trait Anxiety Scale for Children (STAlC), diagnostic features, 191 110, 127, 129, 132 instruments for assessing, 129 Stelazine®: see Trifluoperazine pharmacotherapy of, 191 Stemetil®: see Prochlorperazine Serapax®: see Oxazepam Stereotypies, 187-188, 279, 288 Serax®: see Oxazepam Stimulants, 205-231 Serenace®: see Haloperidol abuse of, 218, 307-308 Serentil®: see Mesoridazine and adverse publicity, 206 Serial recall assessment software, 145; see also behavior and emotion effects, 210-211 Computer testing blood levels and response, 208 Serotonin, 184, 192, 196, 241, 270-273, 404- cognition and achievement effects, 211 407 contraindications, 229 hypermetabolic crisis, 252; see also and depression, 364 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome dose, 212-213, 224-225, 228 Serum levels: see Blood levels drug interactions, 229 Sexually transmitted disease, 93 and EEG, 210 Short Term Memory (STM) task, 143; see also generic forms, 226 Performance tests height and weight suppression, 218-219 Side effects, 86-95; see also individual drugs indications, 219-221 compliance and, 90 long-term effects, 213 electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) in, 91 and manic reaction, 363 general principles, 86 medical workup in, 222 laboratory measures of, 91-95 monitoring procedures, 227-229; see also measures of, 87 Physical screening monitoring for, 86-95 and organic disorders, 360-366 PANESS in, 89 and organic hallucinosis, 362 rating scales for, 87-90 and other treatments, 206 Side Effects Questionnaire for Stimulant Drugs, pharmacology of, 206-208 222-223, 228 physical effects, 209-210 Simpson-Angus Scale for Extrapyramidal predictors of response, 213-214 Symptoms (SASEPS), 87-90 prescribing, 224-227 Sinequan®: see Doxepin prevalence of use, 205 Index 439

Stimulants (Cont.) Therapeutic range 34-35 side effects, 214-219 Therapeutic ratios, 41 site of action, 207 Therapeutic window, 17 and sleep, 210 Thioridazine, 271-286, 422; see also and tics and Tourette syndrome, 216 Neuroleptics tolerance, 208 drug interactions with , 34 types, 417 Thiothixene, 422; see also Neuroleptics Stony Brook Child Psychiatric Checklist DSM- Thioxanthenes, 417; see also Neuroleptics llI-R (SBC-3R), 102 Thorazine®: see Chlorpromazine Strohmer-Prout Behavior Rating Scale, 134 Thyroid Structured interviews: see Interviews drugs, 361, 366 Substance abuse and dependence, 297-319; see function tests, 92, 256 also Drug abuse hormones, 363 diagnostic features, 194 and lithium, 256 pharmacotherapy of, 194 Tics, 280, 288, 308; see also Tourette syndrome Subjective treatment emergent symptom scale biochemical correlates, 193 (STESS), 87-90 diagnostic features, 193 Succinimides, 329, 419; see also Antiepileptics instruments for assessing, 132 Sudden death: see Cardiac arrest pharmacotherapy of, 193 Sugar, 375-377; see also Foods and behavior; prevalence of drug use in, 68-69 Sweeteners stimulants and, 220 Suicide, 196 Time course of drug effect, 43-44 Surmontil®: see Trimipramine Timed Stereotypies Rating Scale, lll, 135 Sweeteners, 375-378 Timolol, 358 and phenylketonuria, 376 Tissue necrosis and vasculitis, 286 Sydnocarb, 361 Tobacco, 309-310 Symmetrel®: see Amantadine effect on drug elimination, 33 Symptom checklist, lll, 137 Tofranil®: see Imipramine Symptoms, pharmacotherapy of, 179-201 Tolerance, 298 Systematic assessment for treatment emergent , 306 events (SAFTEE-GI), 87-90 Total parenteral nutrition, 364 Tourette syndrome, 193; see also Tics Taractan®: see Chlorprothixene biochemical correlates, 193 Tarasan®: see Chlorprothixene clonidine in, 404 Tardive dyskinesia, 88, 288; see also diagnostic features, 193 Dyskinesias; Neuroleptics instruments for assessing, 132 Tardive dystonia, 288 neuroleptics in, 280 Tartrazine, 383-384 pharmacotherapy of, 193 TCAs: see Tricyclic antidepressants prevalence of drug use in, 68-69 Teacher Report Form (TRF), 106-107, 109-110, stimulants and, 220 117,119 Tourette Syndrome Global Scale, 132 Team multidisciplinary, 4 Tourette Syndrome Severity Scale, 132 Tegretol®: see Carbamazepine Toxicology, 93, 302 Temaril®: see Trimeprazine 'Ii"anquilizer Temazepam, 394, 395, 422-423; see also definition, 8 Anxiolytics major, 10 Temper tantrums, 279 minor, 10 Temperament scales, 137 Tranxene®: see Clorazepate Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) software, 'Ii"anylcypromine, 250, 422; see also 145; see also Computer testing Antidepressants Theophylline, 258, 355, 364 'Ii"azodone, 240-249, 421; see also Antidepressants Therapeutic alliance, 19 Treatment Therapeutic index, 41 consent to: see Informed consent 440 Index

Treatment (Cont.) Vitamin D, 362 drug: see Pharmacotherapy Vitamins, 380-384; see also Foods and behavior stimulant and other combined, 206 deficiency states, 380 right to refuse, 170-172 and excess sugar, 381 Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale (TESS), megavitamins, 381 87-90 supplementation, 380-381 Trexan®: see Naltrexone Vivactil®: see Protriptyline lHazolam, 393, 394, 395, 398, 422; see also Anxiolytics Weed: see Cannabis 1i"ifluoperazine, 271-286, 423; see also Wellbutrin®: see Buproprion Neuroleptics Weight, see also Appetite suppressants lHhexyphenidyl, 421; see also Antiparkinson and eating disorders, 188-190 drugs gain with neuroleptics, 285 Trilafon®: see Perphenazine loss with stimulants, 209 1i"imeprazine, 240-249, 401, 423; see also Werry-Weiss-Peters Activity Scale, 109, 116 Antihistamines Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised Tryptophan, 252, 379, 404; see also Foods and (WRAT-R), 147; see also Achievement behavior tests Thrpentine, 306 Wilson's disease, 94 'JYpewriter correction fluid: see Inhalants Withdrawal, 298 'JYramine, 252 Withdrawal effects 'JYrosine, 379-380; see also Foods and behavior antidepressants, 242, 246 antimanics, 262 Urine tests, routine, 84 anxiolytics, 262, 399 drugs of abuse, 188, 303-317 Valium®: see Diazepam neuroleptics, 289 Vallergan®: see Trimeprazine stimulants, 216, 218 : see also Antiepileptics; Antimanics Withdrawal Emergent Symptom Checklist behavioral and cognitive effects, 260, 333- (WESC), 87-90 336, 339-340 Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational in bipolar disorder, 260-261, 343 Battery-Revised, 147; see also in epilepsy, 325, 329 Achievement tests pharmacology, 325, 329-330 in psychiatric disorders, 260-261 Xanax®: see Alprazolam psychotropic effects, 343 Xylene, 306 side effects and toxicity, 261, 325, 330 Valproic acid: see Valproate Yale Children's Inventory (YCI), 109, 115-116 Verapamil, 254 Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, 132 Verstran®: see Prazepam , 363 Vigilance: see Cognition Youth Self-Report (YSR), 107, 109, 119 Vinblastine, 359 Vincristine, 359 Zarontin®: see Ethosuximide -y-Vinyl-GABA, 330 Zidovudine, 363 Vistaril®: see Hydroxyzine Zopicline, 422; see also Anxiolytics Vitamin A, 358