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Home , Albert Bouchard, Allen Lanier, Black and Blue (video), Buck Dharma, Chuck Burgi, David Lucas (composer)

Blue Öyster Cult

“Andrew Winters” redirects here. It is not to be confused band recorded an ’s worth of material for Elektra with Andrew Winter. Records in 1968. When Braunstein departed in early 1969, Elektra shelved the album. Blue Öyster Cult (often abbreviated BÖC) is an Amer- (formerly the band’s acoustic engineer) re- ican rock band from , , whose placed Braunstein, and the band continued to perform as most successful work includes the hard rock and heavy Soft White Underbelly. However, a bad review of a 1969 metal songs "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", "Godzilla" and Fillmore East show caused Pearlman to change the name "Burnin' for You". Since the release of their eponymous of the band – first to Oaxaca, then to the Stalk-Forrest debut album in 1972, the band has sold over 24 million al- Group. The band recorded yet another album’s worth of bums worldwide, including 7 million in the United States material for Elektra, but only one single (“What Is Quick- alone. The band’s videos, especially “Burnin' for sand?" b/w “Arthur Comics”) was released (and only in a You”, received heavy rotation on MTV when the mu- promo edition of 300 copies) on Elektra Records. (This sic television network premiered in 1981, cementing the album was eventually released, with additional outtakes, band’s contribution to the development and success of the by Rhino Handmade Records as St. Cecilia: The Elektra in modern pop culture. Recordings in 2001). After a few more temporary band Blue Öyster Cult’s longest lasting and most commer- names, including the Santos Sisters, the band settled on cially successful lineup included Donald “” Blue Öyster Cult in 1971. (see “band name” section be- Roeser (lead , vocals), Eric Bloom (lead vocals, low for its origin). “stun guitar”), (keyboards, , producer/composer and jingle writer backing vocals), (bass, backing vocals) David Lucas saw the band perform and took them into his and (drums, percussion, backing vo- Warehouse Recording Studio and produced four demos, cals). The band’s current lineup includes Roeser and with which Pearlman was able to get the renamed band Bloom, as well as Jules Radino (drums, percussion), another audition with . Clive Davis Richie Castellano (keyboard, rhythm guitar, backing vo- liked what he heard, and signed the band to the label. cals), and (bass, backing vocals).[1] The first album was subsequently produced and recorded by Lucas on eight track at Lucas’ studio.[4] Winters would leave the band and be replaced by Bouchard’s brother, Joe Bouchard. 1 History Lyricists for Blue Öyster Cult include band members Donald Roeser, Albert Bouchard, producer Sandy Pearl- 1.1 Early years as Soft White Underbelly man, and writers , , Michael (1967–1971) Moorcock, Eric Van Lustbader, , Broadway Blotto and . The band originated as a group called Soft White Un- derbelly (a name the band would later occasionally use in the 1970s and 1980s to play small club gigs around 1.2 Black and white years (1971–1975) the U.S.) in 1967 in the vicinity of Stony Brook Uni- versity on Long Island, New York, at the prompting of Their debut album Blue Öyster Cult was released in Jan- critic and manager consisting of guitarist uary 1972, with a black and white cover designed by artist Buck Dharma, drummer Albert Bouchard, keyboardist Bill Gawlik. The album featured the songs "Cities on Allen Lanier, singer Les Braunstein and bassist Andrew Flame with ", “Stairway to the Stars”, and Winters.[2] Pearlman wanted the group to be the Ameri- “Then Came the Last Days of May”. The album sold [3] well, and Blue Öyster Cult toured with artists such as The can answer to . Pearlman was important [5] to the band – he was able to get them gigs and record- Byrds, Mahavishnu Orchestra, and . ing contracts with Elektra and Columbia, and he pro- Their next album , released in vided them with his poetry for use as lyrics for many 1973, was written while the band was on tour for their of their songs, including “Astronomy”. Writer Richard first LP. It contained songs such as “The Red and The Meltzer also provided the band with lyrics from their early Black” (an ode to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police days up through their most recent studio album. The and basically a sped-up rewrite of “I'm On The Lamb”,

1 2 1 HISTORY from the debut album), “Hot Rails To Hell”, and “Baby to use it on his 1982 solo album, Flat Out, but he was Ice Dog”, the first of the band’s many collaborations with convinced to use it on the Blue Öyster Cult album in- Patti Smith. stead. The album went platinum, and contained other fan The band’s third album, (1974) received favorites such as “Joan Crawford” (inspired by the book positive reviews, featuring songs such as “Career of Evil” and film Mommie Dearest) and "Veteran of the Psychic (also co-written by Patti Smith), “Dominance and Sub- Wars", another song co-written by Moorcock. Several of mission” and "Astronomy". As a result of constant tour- the songs had been written for the animated film Heavy ing, the band was now capable of headlining arenas. Metal, but only “Veteran of the Psychic Wars” (which, ironically, was not written for Heavy Metal) was actually used in the movie. After this album, Albert Bouchard had 1.3 Commercial success (1975–1981) a falling out with the others and left the band, and Rick Downey (formerly the band’s lighting designer) replaced him on drums. The band’s first live album On Your Feet or on Your Knees (1975) achieved greater success and went gold, and was At the height of their popularity, the band’s success followed up by their first platinum album, Agents of For- spurred a host of cult-like activities, such as a Marshfield, tune (1976). Again produced by Lucas. It contained the Mass. Blue Öyster Cult-themed summer camp which fea- hit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", which reached num- tured competitive air guitar and lip synching contests. ber 12 on the Billboard charts and has become a classic of the genre. Other major songs on the album were "(This Ain't) The Summer of Love”, “E.T.I. (Extra-Terrestrial 1.4 Decline and fall (1981–1987) Intelligence)", and “The Revenge of Vera Gemini”. For the tour, the band added lasers to their light show, for After leaving the band, Albert Bouchard spent five years which they became known.[6] working on a solo album based on Sandy Pearlman’s poem “”. Blue Öyster Cult released a live album Their next album, Spectres (1977), had the FM radio hit Extraterrestrial Live, then went to the studio for the next "Godzilla", but its sales were not as strong as those for the album, with as producer, the 1983 re- previous album. lease The Revölution by Night. Its highest-charting single The band then released another live album, Some En- was “”, co-written by Patti Smith, which chanted Evening (1978). Though it was intended as an- reached number 83 on the charts. “Shooting Shark” also other double-live album in the vein of On Your Feet Or On featured on bass. After Revölution, Rick Your Knees, Columbia insisted that it be edited down to Downey left, leaving Blue Öyster Cult without a drum- single-album length. It became Blue Öyster Cult’s most mer. popular album, eventually selling over 2 million copies. The band re-united with Albert Bouchard for a Califor- It was followed by the studio album Mirrors (1979). nia tour in February 1985, infamously known as the “Al- For Mirrors, instead of working with previous producers bert Returns” Tour. This arrangement was only tempo- Sandy Pearlman (who instead went on to manage Black rary, and caused more tensions between the band and Sabbath) and Murray Krugman, Blue Öyster Cult chose Bouchard, as he had thought he would be staying on Tom Werman, who had worked with acts such as Cheap permanently, which was not the case. The band had Trick and Ted Nugent. However, the resulting album only intended to use him as a last-minute fill-in until an- sales were disappointing. other drummer could come on board, which resulted in Bouchard’s leaving after the tour. Allen Lanier also quit Pearlman’s association with Black Sabbath was tapped for the next Blue Öyster Cult album, which resulted in the band shortly thereafter, leaving the band without a keyboardist. Sabbath’s Heaven and Hell producer being hired for the next Blue Öyster Cult record. The result was Blue Öyster Cult hired drummer Jimmy Wilcox and key- positive, with Cultösaurus Erectus (1980) receiving good boardist Tommy Zvoncheck to finish the Club Ninja al- reviews. The album went to number 12 in the UK, but bum, which was poorly received, with only “Dancing In did not do as well in the U.S. One of the notable songs The Ruins”—one of several songs on the record writ- on the album was “Black Blade”, which was written by ten entirely by outside —enjoying minimal Bloom with lyrics by sci-fi and fantasy author Michael success on radio and MTV. The highlight of the album Moorcock. The song is a kind of retelling of Moorcock’s was “Perfect Water” written by Dharma and Jim Carroll epic Elric of Melniboné-Saga. The band also did a co- (noted author of The Basketball Diaries). headlining tour with Black Sabbath in support of the al- The band toured in Germany, after which bassist Joe bum, calling the tour "". Bouchard left, leaving only two members of the classic Birch produced the band’s next album as well, Fire of Un- lineup, Eric Bloom and Donald Roeser — some referred known Origin (1981). The biggest hit on this album was to the band as “Two Öyster Cult” during this period. Jon the Top 40 hit "Burnin' for You", a song Dharma had Rogers was hired to replace Joe, and this version of the written with a Richard Meltzer lyric. He had intended band finished out the 1986 tour. After the tour wound up 1.6 CMC/Sanctuary years (1998–2002) 3 that year, the band took a temporary break from record- ing and touring.

1.5 Imaginos and continued touring (1987–present)

Blue Öyster Cult live in 2006

the band as an official member of the band, although Blue Öyster Cult performing at the Sweden Rock Festival, 2008. since then Rogers has occasionally filled in when Sarzo has been busy. When Blue Öyster Cult received an offer to tour in In December 2008, BÖC management announced that Greece in the early summer of 1987, the band sprang Roeser had fallen down a staircase in his Florida home back into action. The new line-up contained founding and injured his shoulder. As a result, several tour dates members Eric Bloom, Donald “Buck Dharma” Roeser in December 2008 and January 2009 were canceled or and Allen Lanier, with Jon Rogers returning on bass, and postponed. The band returned to touring by the fall of Ron Riddle on drums. Columbia Records was not in- 2009. terested in releasing the Imaginos project as an Albert Bouchard solo album, so Pearlman arranged for it to be In June 2012, the band announced that bassist released in 1988 by Columbia as a Blue Öyster Cult al- was leaving the band and was being replaced by former bum, with some new vocal and instrumental overdubs Utopia bassist Kasim Sulton. from Bloom and Roeser. The album did not sell well (de- Founding keyboardist/guitarist Allen Lanier died of spite a positive review in magazine), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on August 14, though Blue Öyster Cult did tour to promote Imaginos, 2013.[7] promotion by the label was virtually non-existent. When Columbia Records’ parent company CBS Records was purchased by and became Entertain- 1.6 CMC/Sanctuary years (1998–2002) ment, Blue Öyster Cult were dropped from the label. The band spent the next 11 years touring without re- In the late 1990s, Blue Öyster Cult secured a record- leasing an album, though they did contribute two new ing contract with CMC Records (later purchased by songs to the Bad Channels movie soundtrack, released in Sanctuary Records), and continued to tour frequently. 1992. Riddle quit in 1991 and was followed by a series Two studio were released, 1998’s of other drummers including (1991–1992, and Curse of the Hidden Mirror from 2001. Both albums 1992–1995, 1996–1997), (1992, 1995), featured songs co-written by cyberpunk/horror novelist John O'Reilly (1995–1996) and (1997– John Shirley. Another live record, A Long Day’s Night 2004). Jules Radino joined in 2004, and is the band’s and DVD (same title), followed in 2002, both drawn from current drummer. Rogers left in 1995, and was replaced one concert in Chicago. by Danny Miranda. Miranda left in 2004 and ended up as Blue Öyster Cult have since had a falling out with the bassist for Queen + Paul Rodgers – and Richie Castel- Sanctuary Records, and currently have no record deal. lano replaced him. Allen Lanier retired from live performances in 2007 af- ter not appearing with the band since late 2006. Castel- 1.7 Sony Legacy remasters (2001, 2007) lano has switched to rhythm guitar and keyboards (Castel- and box set (2012) lano also filled in on lead guitar and vocals for an ailing Buck Dharma in two shows in 2005), and the position of In 2001, Sony/Columbia’s reissue arm, Legacy Records bassist was taken up by Rudy Sarzo (previously a member issued expanded versions of the first four Blue Öyster Cult of Quiet Riot, , and Dio), with the band em- studio albums, including some previously unreleased de- ploying Danny Miranda and Jon Rogers as guest bassists mos and outtakes from album sessions, live recordings to fill in when Sarzo was unavailable. Sarzo then joined (from the Live 72 EP), and post-St. Cecilia tunes from 4 2 BAND NAME AND LOGO

Blue Öyster Cult performs in Edmonton, Canada on August 18, 2012. the Stalk-Forrest Group era. In February 2007, the Sony Legacy remaster series con- tinued, releasing expanded versions of studio album Spectres and live album Some Enchanted Evening. In August 2012 it was announced that Sony Legacy would The Saturn symbol in alchemy be releasing a 17-disc boxed set entitled The Complete Columbia Albums Collection on October 30, 2012. The set includes the first round of the remastered series plus “Imaginos” poetry, later used more extensively in their the long awaited remastered versions of; “On Your Feet 1988 album Imaginos. Pearlman had also come up with Or On Your Knees” (1975), Mirrors, Cultösaurus Erectus, the band’s earlier name, “Soft White Underbelly”, from a , Extraterrestrial Live, The Revö- phrase used by Winston Churchill in describing dur- lution By Night, Club Ninja and Imaginos. Also exclusive ing World War II. In Pearlman’s poetry, the “Blue Oyster to this set are two discs of rare and unreleased B-sides, Cult” was a group of aliens who had assembled to secretly demos and radio broadcasts. guide Earth’s history. “Initially, the band was not happy with the name, but settled for it, and went to work prepar- ing to record their first release...”[8] 2 Band name and logo In a 1976 interview published in the U.K. music magazine Zig Zag, Pearlman told the story explaining the origin of the band’s name was an anagram of “Cully Stout Beer”. The addition of the umlaut was suggested by Allen Lanier, but rock critic Richard Meltzer claims to have suggested it just after Pearlman came up with the name, reportedly “because of the Wagnerian aspect of Metal”.[9] Other bands later copied the practice of using um- lauts or diacritic marks in their own band names, such as Motörhead, Mötley Crüe, Queensrÿche and Spın̈al Tap.[10] The hook-and-cross logo was designed by Bill Gawlik[2] in January 1972,[11] and appears on all of the band’s albums.[10] In Greek mythology, "... the hook-and-cross symbol is that of Kronos (Cronus), the king of the Ti- tans and father of Zeus ... and is the alchemical sym- bol for lead (a heavy metal), one of the heaviest of metals.”[12] Sandy Pearlman considered this, combined with the heavy and distorted guitar sound of the band and decided the description "heavy metal"[13] would be aptly applied to Blue Öyster Cult’s musical sound. The hook-and-cross symbol also resembled the astrological symbol for Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture,[14] and The hook-and-cross logo the sickle, which is associated with both Kronos (Cronus) and Saturn (both the planet and the Roman god).[15] The The name “Blue Öyster Cult” came from a 1960s poem logo’s "... metaphysical, alchemical and mythological written by manager Sandy Pearlman. It was part of his connotations, combined with its similarity to some reli- 5

gious symbols gave it a flair of decadence and mystery Öyster Cult is one of his favorite bands. He has written ...”[11] a book titled Blue Öyster Cult: Secrets Revealed about the The band was billed, for the only time, as The Blue Öys- discography. It is a compiled track-by-track analysis of ter Cult on the cover and label of their second album, the entire output of the group that uses period and re- Tyranny and Mutation. cent interviews with band members and those close to the band. It is complete up to Curse of the Hidden Mirror. Their hit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper” was featured in the famous sketch, "". 3 Legacy and influence The original recording was produced at The Record Plant in New York by David Lucas, who sang background vo- Because of their unique sound and diversity, Blue Öys- cals with Roeser and played the now famous cowbell part. ter Cult has been influential to many modern bands that Manager Sandy Pearlman mixed the record. span many genres, and are often viewed as important pi- "(Don't Fear) The Reaper” was also used in oneers of several different styles of that came writer/director John Carpenter's horror film classic, to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s. Many heavy metal "Halloween (1978 film)",[19] and covered by The Mutton bands have cited them as a major influence, and bands Birds for Peter Jackson's 1996 film "The Frighteners".[20] such as and Iced Earth have covered their songs on studio recordings and during live performances. The The band’s influence has extended beyond the musical song "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" has also been covered sphere. The lyrics of “Astronomy” have been named by by many diverse artists, notably Evanescence, HIM, The author Shawn StJean as inspirational to the later chapters Goo Goo Dolls, The Beautiful South, Wilco, Big Coun- of his fantasy novel Clotho’s Loom,[21] wherein Sandy try, and singer- Elliott Smith. The bands The Pearlman’s “Four Winds Bar” provides the setting for a Minutemen and Firehose, featuring bassist , portion of the action. frequently performed versions of “The Red & The Black” during their career. The song "Burnin' for You" was cov- ered by Shiny Toy Guns for a 2010 Lincoln MKS com- 4 Personnel mercial. They were also quite influential to several early bands. They are seen as one of the main in- fluences by rock noir bands such as the genre originators 4.1 Members Belladonna,.[16] The Australian punk band Radio Bird- Current members man named their debut album Radios Appear after a Blue Öyster Cult lyric from the song “Dominance and Submis- • sion”. Blue Öyster Cult’s song "Godzilla" has been cov- Donald “Buck Dharma” Roeser – lead guitar, vocals ered by a wide variety of bands, including Racer X, Fu (1967–present) Manchu, The Smashing Pumpkins, Sebastian Bach, and • Eric Bloom – lead vocals, stun guitar (1969–present) more. • Richie Castellano – keyboards, rhythm guitar, back- Blue Öyster Cult has also been an influence on many of ing vocals (2007–present), bass guitar (2004–2007) the harder-edged, psychedelic bands in the modern jam band scene because of their intimate live shows and ex- • Jules Radino – drums, percussion (2004–present) tended improvisations. Out of these bands, fellow New Yorkers moe. have cited Blue Öyster Cult as one of their • Kasim Sulton – bass guitar, backing vocals (2012– primary influences. They have been greatly influenced by present) Blue Öyster Cult in their style of guitar-driven jamming, their elaborate light shows, slightly tongue-in-cheek and Former members eclectic songwriting, and the intimate atmosphere of their live performances. moe. also frequently covers Blue Öys- ter Cult classics in their sets, and members of Blue Öyster 4.2 Lineups Cult have appeared on-stage with the band several times in the past few years, including the 2002 Jammy Awards. 4.3 Timeline A photo of the performance can be seen here.[17] The un-authored AllMusic page for stoner metal states: 5 Lead vocals '"Stoner metal bands updated the long, mind-bending jams and ultra-heavy riffs of bands like Black Sabbath, While Eric Bloom has always been the band’s official lead Blue Cheer, Blue Oyster Cult, and Hawkwind by filtering singer, other members of the band have contributed lead their psychedelia-tinged metal and through the vocals throughout its history. buzzing sound of early Sub Pop-style grunge."'[18] Heavy metal journalist Martin Popoff has stated that Blue • Donald “Buck Dharma” Roeser 6 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

“Then Came the Last Days of May”, “Before the Kiss, • Agents of Fortune: RIAA (USA) Platinum a Redcap”, “Teen Archer”, "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", 1,000,000+; CRIA (Canada) Gold 50,000+ “Godzilla”, “Golden Age of Leather”, “I Love the Night”, • Spectres: RIAA (USA) Gold 500,000+ “In Thee”, “Mirrors”, “The Vigil”, “Lonely Teardrops”, “Deadline”, “Burnin' for You”, “Don't Turn Your Back”, • Some Enchanted Evening: RIAA (USA) Platinum “Shooting Shark”, “Veins”, “Dragon Lady”, “Dancin' in 1,000,000+ the Ruins”, “Perfect Water”, “Spy in the House of the • Night”, “Madness to the Method”, “Astronomy (Imag- Fire of Unknown Origin: RIAA (USA) Gold inos version)", “Les Invisibles”, “Magna of Illusion”, 500,000+; CRIA (Canada) Gold 50,000+ “Harvest Moon”, “X-Ray Eyes”, “Damaged”, “Real World”, “Live for Me”, “Still Burnin'", “Dance on Stilts”, “Pocket”, “Here Comes That Feeling”, “Stone of Love”, 7 Discography “Night Flyer” (out-take from “Spectres”), “Summa Cum Laude” Main article: Blue Öyster Cult discography

• Joe Bouchard Blue Öyster Cult has released thirteen studio albums, the most recent one being released in 2001 entitled Curse of “Screams”, “Hot Rails to Hell”, “Wings Wetted Down”, the Hidden Mirror (released 30 years after their debut in “Morning Final”, “Celestial The Queen”, “Nosferatu”, 1971). Sixteen of the song lyrics in the final two Blue “Moon Crazy”, “Fallen Angel”, “Vengeance (The Pact)", Öyster Cult albums to date, Heaven Forbid and Curse of “Light Years of Love”, “When the War Comes” (duet the Hidden Mirror, were written by novelist John Shirley. with Donald Roeser), “Boorman The Chaffeur” (out-take from “Secret Treaties”), “Double Talk” 7.1 Studio albums • Albert Bouchard • Blue Öyster Cult (1972) “You're Not the One (I Was Looking For)", “Cities • Tyranny and Mutation (1973) on Flame with Rock and Roll”, “Dominance and • Submission”, “The Revenge of Vera Gemini”, “Sin- Secret Treaties (1974) ful Love”, “Debbie Denise”, “Death Valley Nights”, • Agents of Fortune (1976) “Cagey Cretins” (duet with Eric Bloom), “Fireworks”, • “Hungry Boys”, “Blue Öyster Cult” (duet with Donald Spectres (1977) Roeser), “Sally” (out-take from “Agents of Fortune”), • Mirrors (1979) “Fire Of Unknown Origin” (original version; out-take from “Agents of Fortune”) • Cultösaurus Erectus (1980) • Fire of Unknown Origin (1981) • Allen Lanier • The Revölution by Night (1983) “True Confessions”, “Dance The Night Away” (demo), • Club Ninja (1985) “Please Hold” (out-take), “Wind in My Veins” (out-take) • Imaginos (1988) • Jon Rogers • Heaven Forbid (1998) • Curse of the Hidden Mirror (2001) “I Am the One You Warned Me Of”, “Imaginos” In 2012, the Blue Öyster Cult albums released by • Joey Cerisano Columbia were re-released in a box set of sixteen CDs and one DVD. “The Siege and Investiture of Baron Von Frankenstein’s Castle at Weisseria” 8 Bibliography

6 Album certifications • BLUE ÖYSTER CULT : Secrets revealed!, by Martin Popoff, 303 pages(Canada, 2009) • Secret Treaties: RIAA (USA) Gold 500,000+ • BLUE ÖYSTER CULT : La Carrière du mal, by Math- • On Your Feet or on Your Knees: RIAA (USA) Gold ieu Bollon and Aurélien Lemant, Camion Blanc 500,000+ publishing, 722 pages (France, 2013) 7

9 References 10 External links

[1] “Official Website”. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved 2012- • Official website 10-29. • http://www.markprindle.com/blue.htm [2] Berelian, Essi. The Rough Guide to Heavy Metal. Rough Guides. p. 41. ISBN 1-84353-415-0. 10.1 Members websites [3] “Interview with Eric Bloom of Blue Oyster Cult”. Classi- crock.about.com. 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-09-23. • Official Donald “Buck Dharma” Roeser website

[4] "'David Lucas’ in band-relations bio page”. Official BÖC • Official Eric Bloom website website. Retrieved 2011-03-05. • Official Albert Bouchard website

[5] Perry, Shawn. “The Eric Bloom Interview”. Vintage- • Official Ron Riddle website rock.com. Retrieved 2010-09-23. • Official Richie Castellano website [6] “The History of BÖC”. Blue Oyster Cult.com. Retrieved 2008-09-14. • Official Rudy Sarzo website

[7] Allen Lanier of Blue Oyster Cult Dead At 66 | News | • Official Jules Radino website Music News. Noise11 (2013-08-15). Retrieved on 2013- 09-03. • Official Joe Bouchard website • [8] “The History of BÖC”. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved Official Tommy Zvoncheck website 2010-09-23.

[9] “Why are they called Duran Duran? A guide to band name etymologies”. Rate Your Music. Retrieved 2013-06-30.

[10] John Swartz (2001-12-10). “BOC FAQ”. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

[11] “The History of BÖC”. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved 2010-09-23.

[12] “Blue Oyster Cult Logo – Design and History”. Di- nesh.com. 2010-08-25. Retrieved 2010-09-23.

[13] The term “heavy metal” was first used by Mike Saunders in 1970.

[14] “Mythography | The Roman god Saturn in Myth and Art”. Loggia.com. Retrieved 2010-09-23.

[15] “Saturn, Roman god of the harvest and a planet”. Word- sources.info. Retrieved 2010-09-23.

[16] “Belladonna – Metaphysical Attraction”. invisibleor- anges. Retrieved 2013-06-30.

[17] “Road Images”. Blueoystercult.com. Retrieved 2012-10- 29.

[18] “allmusic”. allmusic. Retrieved 2010-09-23.

[19] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077651/soundtrack?ref_ =tt_trv_snd

[20] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116365/soundtrack?ref_ =tt_trv_snd

[21] “Intertwining High and Low Culture”. Clotho’s Loom. Retrieved 2013-05-03. 8 11 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

11 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

11.1 Text • Blue Öyster Cult Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_%C3%96yster_Cult?oldid=675008372 Contributors: NathanBeach, The Epopt, Derek Ross, Brion VIBBER, Vicki Rosenzweig, Mav, Zundark, The Anome, Koyaanis Qatsi, Gareth Owen, Gsl, Ant, Camembert, Liftarn, Ixfd64, Tregoweth, Darkwind, Michael, Александър, Salsa Shark, Jeandré du Toit, BRG, Raven in Orbit, Mulad, RickK, Sertrel, Timc, Jgm, Jackson~enwiki, Stormie, Editor B, Bearcat, Wereon, David Gerard, Paul Richter, Gtrmp, Jimjoe, Marcika, Mboverload, Ferdinand Pienaar, Falcon Kirtaran, Neilc, Rdsmith4, Kesac, Mikko Paananen, JimWae, Drant, OwenBlacker, Halo, Icairns, Yossarian, TonyW, Ulmanor, WikiDon, Porges, DanielCD, Limeheadnyc, Brianhe, Guanabot, YUL89YYZ, Indrian, Bender235, Carrp, CanisRufus, Livajo, Kwamikagami, Shanes, Art LaPella, RoyBoy, Thunderbrand, TMC1982, The misha, Alansohn, Mrees1997, GenkiNeko, Tra- cyRenee, Kalle~enwiki, NTK, GeorgeStepanek, BDD, Someoneinmyheadbutit’snotme, Drbreznjev, Kouban, Japanese Searobin, Bacteria, Alvis, Woohookitty, DowneyOcean, Eyesbomb, Skyraider, Hailey C. 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