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Promoters, Planters, and Pioneers: the Course and Context of Belgian Settlement in Western Canada University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2011 Promoters, planters, and pioneers: the course and context of Belgian settlement in Western Canada Jaenen, Cornelius J. University of Calgary Press Jaenen, Cornelius J., "Promoters, planters, and pioneers: the course and context of Belgian settlement in Western Canada". Series: The West series 4, University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/48650 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com PROMOTERS, PLANTERS, AND PIONEERS: THE COURSE AND CONTEXT OF BELGIAN SETTLEMENT IN WESTERN CANADA by Cornelius J. Jaenen ISBN 978-1-55238-570-8 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence. This means that you are free to copy, distribute, display or perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to its authors and publisher, that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form, and that you in no way alter, transform, or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without our express permission. If you want to reuse or distribute the work, you must inform its new audience of the licence terms of this work. For more information, see details of the Creative Commons licence at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ UNDER THE CREATIVE UNDER THE CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE YOU COMMONS LICENCE YOU MAY: MAY NOT: • read and store this document • gain financially from the work in any way; free of charge; • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution • distribute it for personal use of the work; free of charge; • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind; • print sections of the work for • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of the work; personal use; • distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception • read or perform parts of the of academic usage within educational institutions such as work in a context where no schools and universities); financial transactions take • reproduce, distribute, or store the cover image outside of its place. function as a cover of this work; • alter or build on the work outside of normal academic scholarship. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the wording around open access used by Australian publisher, re.press, and thank them for giving us permission to adapt their wording to our policy http://www.re-press.org/content/view/17/33/ INDEX A aboriginals. See Indians Anseeuw, Tryphoon, 86 absorption capacity, 41 Antwerp International Exhibition, 51 acculturation, x–xii aristocrats, 103–4, 105–6, 178–81 Adam, François, 128–29, 231, 290 Asselin, Olivar, 55, 278, 280 Adam, Louis, 89 assimilation, xi, 185, 190, 191, 196, 206, 235, adaptation, 22–23, 30, 37, 47–48, 75, 129, 255, 257, 258, 264, 307, 318, 324, 325, 131, 162, 235 328 agricultural ideology, 98–99, 141, 184, 241 atrocities myth, 229, 322 agro-business, 87, 96, 209, 257 agronomists, 98–99 B Aimé Gyselbrecht & Frères, 14 Bacchus, Alphonse, 71, 250 Albert, Louis, 167, 285 Baert, Gerard, 81 Alberta Company, 24, 167, 179 Banque de Bruxelles, 212 Alberta Royal Commission on Coal Mining, Banque de Commerce d’Anvers, 170, 213 159, 172, 294 Banque d’Outre-Mer, 170, 212, 230 Alberta Sugar Beet Growers, 137–38 Banque Lambert, 217 Allen Steamship Lines, 31, 39, 45, 53 Bareel, Louis, 21, 22 American College in Louvain, 148, 174, 184, Bareel, Xavier, 212, 213 197, 332 Barnard, Edouard, 45 Americanism, 193 Barre, S.A., 83 Amerindians. See Indians Baudoux, Maurice, 111, 114, 196, 197, 198, Anchor Line, 53 222, 223, 259, 288, 300, 326, 331 Anderson, J.T.M., viii, 116, 257 B.C. Sugar Refining Company, 92 Anderson, Neville, 173 Beernaert, Auguste, 10, 21 Anglo-Belgian Treaty, 1862, 210 Beet Workers’ Industrial Union, 136, 137 anglo-conformity, viii, 69, 117, 131, 184, 197, Behiels, Edward, 115 235, 255, 257, 264 Behiels, Joseph, 140 anthracite, 3, 147, 157, 159 Bekaert, 45, 218 Anthracite Coal Company, 157 Belgian-Canadian Association of British anticlericalism, xi, 100, 153, 163, 172–74, 260 Columbia, 249 Anseeuw, Hector, 86 Belgian-Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Anseeuw, Joseph, 87 81 337 Belgian Club, 63, 80, 81, 205, 222, 230, booking agents, 45, 53, 54 236–40, 243, 265 boosterism, 103, 122, 177, 297, 298 Belgian Credit Union, 239 Borré, César, 249, 251 Belgian Estate Company of Canada, 213, 214 Bossuyt, Charles, 79, 149, 150, 294, 312 Belgian Horse Ranch, 120, 124 Bossuyt, Constant, 79, 84, 86 Belgian Mission, 229–30 Bossuyt, Marie, 150 Belgian Mutual Benefit Society of Manitoba, Bossuyt, Peter, 79, 149 239 Bourassa, Henri, 46, 69, 175 Belgian Orchard Syndicate, 179, 180, 298, Boutal, Pauline, 250 327 Boutry, Nestor, 161–62 Belgian regulations, 3, 9–12 box shooting, 246 Belgian Town, 63, 79, 81, 111, 195, 223, 248, Brabant, Auguste-Joseph, 197, 293 258, 283, 330 Brabant, Léon, 4, 33, 47, 273, 277 Belgian War Relief Fund, 125, 210, 223, 230, Brabant, Pierre, 245 238 Brandon, 49, 66, 110, 188, 299 Belgo-Canadian Co-operative Society, 214 Brandt, Yvette, 254, 281, 284, 300, 314, 326 Belgo-Canadian Fruit Lands Company, 177, British Columbia Sugar Refineries, 136 178, 212, 297, 298, 331 Brondel, Jean-Baptiste, 197 Belgo-Canadian Land Company, 180 Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy, 73, 240 Belgo-Canadian Trading Company, 215 Bruneau, M., 12 Beliveau, Arthur, 195, 241, 242 Brunin, Lucien, 24, 277 Bellegarde, vi, 99–101, 109, 192, 194, 201, Brunner, Joseph, 23 202, 220, 228, 260–61, 265, 301, 307, 309, 315, 328, 333, 325, 335 Brussels International Exhibition, 1910, 5, 52, 55 Belprise, 212 Bruxelles, vi, 20, 21, 36, 42, 63, 66, 67, 68, 70, Bernier, T. Alfred, 17, 46, 49, 200, 275, 276, 71–73, 88, 99, 110, 126, 194, 198, 200, 279, 313 204, 205, 240, 246, 250, 251, 252, 262, Berns, Fédor, 14, 53 311, 312 Berns, Richard, 45, 51, 280 Buck, Tim, 146 bicycle racing, 244 Budka, Nykyta, 189 Bienfait, 110, 158 Burgess, A.M., 39, 279 bilingualism, 122, 184, 194, 203, 204, 236 Butterfly Publicity Company, 16, 275 Bitsch, Theobald, 194 Buydens, Hector, 149 Blairmore, vi, 159, 160, 162, 164, 172, 188, 227, 228, 234, 295, 303 bloc settlement, xi, 20, 29, 34, 37, 38, 42, 65, C 92, 100, 101, 103, 122, 139, 142–48, Cabeaux, Léon, 166 187, 265 Caisse Hypothécaire Anversoise, 178 boarding house, 66, 79, 81, 82, 84, 162, 163, Calgary, vi, 15, 19, 25, 45, 69, 121, 122, 124, 192, 237, 284 125, 127, 128, 135, 157, 158, 159, 161, Bockstael, Robert, 196, 222 168, 169, 184, 195, 212, 214, 217, 220, Bockstael, Theodore, 81 224, 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 309, 310, Bodard, Auguste, 19, 20, 46, 49, 66, 68, 69, 311 276, 313 Campeau, Télésphore, 194, 200 Bodrug, John, 188, 299 Camrose, vi, 128, 129, 231, 314 Bogaert, Emile, 73, 252 Canada, image of, 1, 3–17, 33, 50, 58, 119, Boissevain, 5, 74 151, 161, 162, 166, 178, 255, 267, 277, Bonne, Charles, 162 317, 323, 329, 330 bonus system, 52, 53, 54 338 PROMOTERS, PLANTERS, AND PIONEERS Canadian Association for the Advancement Clemens, Henri, 86, 106 of Netherlandic Studies, 251, 327, 330, Clemens, Jacob, 227, 267, 304 332 Clouthier, Gabriel, 46, 66, 69, 281 Canadian-Belgian Chamber of Commerce, Club belge. See Belgian Club 81, 215, 302, 303 Coal Banks. See Lethbridge Canadian Block Coal Company, 159, 169, 215 Coal Mines Regulation Act, 154 Canadian Coal Consolidated, 160 coal mining, xi, 30, 43, 110, 147–49, 150–57, Canadian Commonwealth Federation (CCF), 157–59, 159–66, 166–67, 168–70, 116, 220–21 170–72 Canadian Emigration Library, 46 Cobblestone Manor, 251–52 Canadian Expeditionary Force, 227–28 Cochrane, vi, 123, 124, 290, 314 Canadian High Commission, 7, 29, 39, 46, Cockerill-Sambre, 45, 211 56, 57, 121, 277 Coene, Servius, 129 Canadian Hydrocarbons, 216 Colleaux, Edouard, 76 Canadian legend, 33 colonization companies, 1, 29, 38, 77, 263 Canadian National Railway, 16, 57, 88, 168, colonizing clergy, xi, 4, 44, 76, 77, 114, 115, 176, 238, 311 191, 218, 228, 263 Canadian Northern Railway, 113, 170, 212 Columba, 31 Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), 8, 24, 32, Commissioner of Emigration, 9, 12, 17, 56, 35, 36, 43, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 65, 134, 215 67, 76, 77, 81, 82, 94, 100, 106, 107, Communist Party of Canada, 136, 146, 155, 121, 122, 128, 130–31, 133, 134, 158, 159, 172–73, 291, 294, 296 175, 211–12, 215, 228, 277, 311 Comox, 153, 154 Canadian Pacific Steamships, 14 Compagnie d’exploitations coloniales et Canadian Sugar Factories, 133, 136, 137 industrielles, 21 Cannington Manor, 104, 106, 108 Compagnie Immobilière et Agricole du Cantal, 100, 286, 287, 325 Canada.
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