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Legal Literacy in Premodern European Societies

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Legal Literacy in Premodern European Societies W H C, C V LEGAL LITERACY IN PREMODERN EUROPEAN SOCIETIES Edited by Mia Korpiola World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence Series Editors Marianna Muravyeva University of Tampere Tampere, Finland Raisa Maria Toivo University of Tampere Tampere, Finland Palgrave’s World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence seeks to pub- lish research monographs, collections of scholarly essays, multi-authored books, and Palgrave Pivots addressing themes and issues of interdisciplin- ary histories of crime, criminal justice, criminal policy, culture and violence globally and on a wide chronological scale (from the ancient to the mod- ern period). It focuses on interdisciplinary studies, historically contextual- ized, across various cultures and spaces employing a wide range of methodologies and conceptual frameworks. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14383 Mia Korpiola Editor Legal Literacy in Premodern European Societies Editor Mia Korpiola University of Turku Turku, Finland World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence ISBN 978-3-319-96862-9 ISBN 978-3-319-96863-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96863-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018959276 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Cover illustration: © Greg Vaughn / Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland CONTENTS Introduction 1 Mia Korpiola Legal Literacy 4 Legal Literates of Various Kinds: Learning by Doing 7 (Popular) Legal Literature as a Means of Learning Law 10 Bibliography 14 Part I Legal Literates and Their Paths to Legal Literacy 17 Legal Education in Late Medieval England: How Did Provincial Scriveners Learn Their Law? 19 Kitrina Bevan Introduction: Legal Literacy and Access to Justice 19 Scriveners and the Ordinance of 1280 22 The Oxford Business Schools as Training Centres for Scriveners 25 Apprenticeship and On-the-Job Training 28 Legal Tracts, Treatises, and Self-Tuition 32 Conclusion 37 Bibliography 38 v vi CONTENTS The Imperial Chamber Court (1495–1806) as an Educational and Training Institution 43 Anette Baumann Introduction 43 The Establishing and Early Years of the Imperial Chamber Court and Its Professional Corps of Judges 44 Bartholomäus von Sastrow’s First “Internship” at the Imperial Chamber Court (1542–1544) 47 Bartholomäus von Sastrow’s Second Stay at the Imperial Chamber Court (1549–c. 1551) 50 The Imperial Chamber Court as a Training Centre in the Eighteenth Century 53 Conclusion 55 Bibliography 56 Legal Learning of Various Kinds: Swedish Court of Appeal Judges in the Seventeenth Century 59 Marianne Vasara-Aaltonen Introduction 59 The Svea Court of Appeal and Its Judges Without Any University Education 63 The Tales of Four Judges 66 Finding the Next Best Thing 71 Noblemen as Judges 77 Conclusions 80 Bibliography 82 The Agency and Practical Learning of a Lay Advocate in Seventeenth-Century Helsinki: The Case of Gabriel Abrahamsson 89 Petteri Impola Introduction 89 The Emergence of Advocacy in Seventeenth-Century Sweden 92 The Advocacy and Agency of Gabriel Abrahamsson 97 Acquiring Theoretical and Practical Skills 100 A Much-Used and Successful Lay Advocate 105 Successful Multitasking Enabling Social Mobility 109 Conclusion 111 Bibliography 113 CONTENTS vii Ideal Types and Odd Men Out: Legal Literacy and Social Mobility in Nineteenth- Century Finland 119 Anna Kuismin Introduction 119 Legal Literacy, Class, and the Language Question in Nineteenth- Century Finland 121 Pietari Päivärinta: From a Village Scribe to a Professional Writer 127 Zefanias Suutarla, a Man of Many Ventures 130 The Odd Men Out: Legal Literacy Without Social Ascent 134 Conclusion 138 Bibliography 140 Part II (Popular) Legal Literature as a Means to Legal Literacy 145 Legal Literates in Eighteenth-Century Swedish Towns: Evidence of Book Ownership in Estate Inventories (Helsinki, Oulu, Porvoo, and Kokkola) 147 Mia Korpiola Introduction 147 Estate Inventories as Sources of Book Ownership 150 What Can We Learn from Numbers? Analysing Language, Time, and Place 156 Learned Books in Latin for the Learned Estate: Latin Jurisprudence and Natural Law 161 Laws and Statute Collections: Swedish “Proto- legalism” on the Grassroot Level 167 Legal Literacy in Swedish Towns: Practical Books for Practical Men? 171 How Were the Books Acquired? 177 Conclusion 183 Bibliography 184 Popular Legal Manuals as Sources and Mechanisms of Acquiring Legal Literacy 191 Annamaria Monti Introduction 191 Popular Legal Manuals in Nineteenth-Century Italy 193 viii CONTENTS The Anglo-American Experience of Popular Legal Manuals 198 Conclusion 202 Bibliography 203 Acquiring Legal Literacy by Reading: Popular Legal Literature in Nineteenth-Century France 211 Laetitia Guerlain and Nader Hakim Popular Legal Literature as a Literary Subgenre: Are We In or Out? 215 The Popular Legal Literature: An Attempt at a Photofit 219 A Few Concluding Remarks: The Epistemological Interest in Popular Legal Literature 238 Bibliography 239 Index 253 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Anette Baumann is Professor of History at the Justus Liebig University Giessen, and Director of the research centre for the Imperial Chamber Court (1405–1806). She has written several books, including Die Gesellschaft der Frühen Neuzeit im Spiegel der Reichskammergerichtsprozesse (2000), Advokaten und Prokuratoren: Anwälte am Reichskammergericht (1690–1806) (2006), and Visitationen am Reichskammergericht: Speyer als politischer und juristischer Aktionsraum des Reiches (1529–1588) (2018). Kitrina Bevan defended her doctoral thesis Clerks and Scriveners: Legal Literacy and Access to Justice in Late Medieval England at the University of Exeter in 2013. She is an independent scholar working as a freelance proofreader and copy editor. Laetitia Guerlain is Assistant Professor of Legal History at the University of Bordeaux since 2012, and defended her PhD dissertation in 2011. She works on the history of legal thought and the history of legal knowledge in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Her research specifically focuses on the relationship between law and sociology, and law and anthropology. In addition to numerous papers and book chapters, she recently published a monograph, L’École de Le Play et le droit: Contribution à l’histoire des rapports entre droit et science sociale (2017) and edited Penser la protection sociale: Perspectives historiques et contemporaines (2017). Nader Hakim is Professor of Legal History at the University of Bordeaux since 2010 and Director of the Centre Aquitain d’Histoire du droit (Institut de Recherche Montesquieu). His publications deal mainly with the ix x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS history of legal thought since the end of the eighteenth century. In addi- tion to his articles and book chapters, he has published Natalino Irti: Le nihilisme juridique (2017), Le droit du vin à l’épreuve des enjeux envi- ronnementaux (2015), Le droit civil et la législation ouvrière (2013) et Le renouveau de la doctrine française: Les grands auteurs de la pensée juridique au tournant du xxe siècle (2009). Petteri Impola is MA, Doctoral Student of Finnish History at the University of Jyväskylä. In his doctoral thesis, he examines different kinds of early modern semi-professionals and work based on self-education and personal skills rather than state-education and social privileges. Its working title is The Agency and Intangible Capital on the Edge of Estate- Based System at the Swedish Age of Greatness (c. 1620–1720). Mia Korpiola is Professor of Legal History at the University of Turku, and defended her thesis in 2004. She has authored numerous articles on Swedish and Finnish legal history from a comparative perspective. In addition, she has (co-)edited several books, including Regional Variations in Matrimonial Law and Custom in Europe, 1150–1600 (2011), The Svea Court of Appeal in the Early Modern Period (2014), and Planning for Death: Wills and Death- Related Property Arrangements in Europe, 1200–1600 (2018). Anna Kuismin is a former Associate Professor of Comparative Literature, Director of the Literary Archives of the Finnish Literature Society, and Senior Researcher at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced
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