DOCSLIB.ORG

Nota Lepidopterologica

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nota Lepidopterologica ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 8 (4) : 351-362 ; 31.XII.1985 ISSN 0342-7536 On a Gracillaria species from Morocco with some supplementary notes on the genus Gracillaria Haworth (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) W. O. De Prins Diksmuidelaan 176, B-2600 Antwerpen (Belgium) Abstract A new Gracillariid species is described from Morocco : Gracillaria toubkalella n. sp. The lectotype of Coriscium norvegiellum Wocke, 1893 is designated and the synonymy of this taxon with Gracillaria loriolella Frey, 1881 is established. Résumé L'auteur décrit une nouvelle espèce de Gracillariidae provenant du Maroc : Gracilla- ria toubkalella n. sp. Il désigne le lectotype de Coriscium norvegiellum Wocke, 1893 et établit la synonymie de cette espèce avec Gracillaria loriolella Frey, 1881. Introduction In April 1983 I was able to breed some specimens of a Gracillariid species of which I found full grown larvae in twisted Fraxinus leaves in the garden of the Grand Hotel du Toubkal at Asni (Morocco, High Atlas). Almost immediately after their capture the larvae began to construct a pure white silken cocoon between the leaves, against the lid of the box in which they were contained or in the edges ofthat box. The first imago emerged on 20th April 1983. A total of 19 males and 20 females emerged between that date and 29th April. The specimens remained undetermined for about two years, in spite of thoroughly searching the series of Gracillariidae in the museums of Amsterdam, Brussels, Leyden and London and a heavy correspondance with several European specialists on the matter. It became clear that the Moroccan species was new to science and I would like to describe it in this paper as Gracillaria toubkalella n. sp. Male : head ochreous, mixed with brown scales, front brown with scattered ochreous scales. Labial palpi upturned, mixed ochreous and brown, with 351 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at distinctive ochreous tips. Maxillary palpi short, upturned or porrected, same colour as labial palpi. Antennae dark brown, each segment somewhat lighter towards base. Tegulae and thorax ochreous, with scattered brown scales in front. Forewing groundcolour dark brown, almost black, each scale with grey base and dark brown tip. A very small ochreous spot near base and some scattered ochreous scales near base of inner margin. An oblique white fascia at about 1/3, gradually getting obscure towards costa, and preceeded by a small area of ochreous scales above the wings half. Another white fascia towards middle of wing, curved outwards and connected on the inner margin with the first fascia forming the letter U. The second fascia only reaching to middle of wing. Some black tipped scales at inner margin on the white U, forming some small but very contrasting dots. Space in white U filled with ochreous scales to make a uniform ochreous area which extends above second white fascia along costa to well beyond half the wings length. Two smaller ochreous dots on costa towards apex. Some scattered ochreous scales between white U and outher margin. Apical cilia dark brown forming three longitudinal dark lines. Cilia along dorsum grey. Hindwing grey without markings, cilia grey. Fore and mid legs dark brown, with some whitish scales, tibia white with each segment brown tipped. Hindlegs lighter brown with scattered brown and greyish scales, tips of tibia somewhat darker, (see fig. 1) Male genitalia : tegumen with parallel sides, rounded apically. Tuba analis and subscaphium protruded beyond tegumen. Valva widened apically, ventral margin straight, ventro-apical corner round, outer margin slightly concave, dorso-apical corner rather acute. A distinct heavy chitinised hook at base of costa. Ventro-apical and terminal margins with numerous long setae pointed towards base and costa. Saccus somewhat shorter than valva with two heavy sclerotised ridges towards middle. Aedoeagus straight, shorter than valva, pointed apically and somewhat widened basally. Vesica without cornuti. (see fig. 5) Female : as male, there is no sexual dimorphism. Female genitalia : Papillae anales rather short, setose ; apophyses posteriores very slender, apophyses anteriores of same shape and length as apophyses posteriores. Lamella postvaginalis very weekly sclerotised. Ductus bursae membraneous, very long and slender ; corpus bursae membraneous, almost round, a large sickle-shaped signum, pointing towards middle of bursa and widened at its base, (see fig. 7) Holotype: male, Morocco, High Atlas, Asni, 1150 m, e.l. Fraxinus sp. 26-1V-1983, leg. W. O. De Prins, in coll. British Museum (Natural History). Allotype: female, same data, e.l. 28-1V-1983, in coll. British Museum (Natural History). 352 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Figure 1 : Gracillaria toubkalella n. sp. : top, Holotype â, Morocco, High Atlas, Asni, 1 150 m, e.l. Fraxinus sp., 26-IV-1983, leg. W. O. De Prins ; bottom, Allotype 9, same data, e.l. 28-IV-1983, both in coll. British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 353 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Figure 2 : Gracillaria ussuriella (Ermolaev, 1977) ; top 6, Japan, Hokkaido, Fujinosawa, e.l. Fraxinus mandshurica 3-VI-1967, leg. S. Umezawa, det. T. Kumata, 1979 ; bottom 9, Japan, Hokkaido, Sapporo, e.l. Fraxinus mandshurica 24-DC-1966, leg. & det. T. Kumata. 354 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Paratypes: 18 males and 19 females, same data, e.l. between 20 and 29-IV-1983, in my collection. Paratypes have been placed in the collections of the museums of Amsterdam, Leyden, London and Vienna. il The name toubkalella refers to the highest peak of the Moroccan moun- tains, Jebel Toubkal (4167 m). When I revisited the same spot in July 1984, I noticed that the Fraxinus tree in the hotel garden on which I found the larvae had been cut down. However, I spotted other trees of the same species in the whole area, especially in the private gardens in the small villages along the main road to Oukaimeden. Since I only found larvae of the latest instars, I have no information on the mines of the first instars. The mines which I found were occupied by one larva each, except for some cases where two larvae inhabited the same mine. This could always be seen from the outside, because the leaf was then rolled completely, cigarette-formed. The mines usually occupied one side of the leaf, the larva having rolled it longitudinally and spun it to the mid vein. Occasionally, the top of the leaf was rolled towards the base, but this happened mostly with small leaves. Most larvae left their mine for pupation, though I found some cocoons in the mines. The cocoons are spindle-shaped, silvery white. Gracillaria toubkalella n. sp. is very closely related to G. ussuriella Ermo- laev, specimens of which I have studied from Japan (Hokkaido). Both species are of the same size and the overall pattern of the forewings is very much alike. However, ussuriella shows much more contrast in its colouring due to the almost black scales, contrasting with the pure white and golden-brown scales. The white U is more complete in ussuriella, the distal fascia being only interrupted in the middle by some darker scales. The basal fascia of the white U is much broader than in toubkalella n. sp. In ussuriella the space in the white U is filled with golden-brown scales and there are some pure white strigulae along both wing margins, whereas in toubkalella n. sp. there are no white markings except for the white U. Gracillaria toubkalella n. sp. can be readily distinguished from its two European relatives by its wing pattern and colour. G. syringella Fabricius has white strigulae both on costal and dorsal wing margins. G. loriolella Frey has not the ochreous colouring and shows also white strigulae on both wing margins. The most conspicuous difference in the genitalia lies in the female genitalia : the Signum of Gracillaria toubkalella n. sp. is widened at its base without forming the two characteristic lobes which are present in syringella and loriolella. The genitalia of the species in Gracillaria are very much alike and Kumata "failed to separate them (i.e. the four Japanese species) clearly by these 355 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Figure 3 : Gracillaria loriolella Frey, 1881 ; top 6, Austria inf. Z., Klosterneuburg, Kuhau, 31 -VIII- 1932, leg. I. Preissecker, det. E. Jäckh, 1972 ; bottom 9, Austria inf., Klosterneu- burg, Kuhau, 27-IX-1933, leg. I. Preissecker, both in coli. Naturhistorische Museum Wien. 356 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at organs." (Kumata 1982 : 8). However, G toubkalella n. sp. can be distin- guished from its relatives by the following characters : valva with concave outer margin, thus making the apex look more pointed than in the other species. Corpus bursae round, Signum broader on its base but without the usual pair of elongated lobes. Additional notes on the genus Gracillaria Haworth, 1828 Vari treated Gracillaria Haworth, 1828 as a subgenus under the genus Caloptilia Hübner, 1825. However, representatives of both groups show important and constant differences in the larval chaetotaxy, the pregenital segments of the male, the female genitalia and the wing venation, as stated by T. Kumata (1982). I follow this author in considering Gracillaria as a valid genus. As far as is yet known only three west palearctic species belong to Gracillaria, i.e. G. syringella (Fabricius, 1794), G. loriolella Frey, 1881 and G. toubkalella n. sp., whereas most of the European species originally described in Gracillaria (mostly spelled as Gracilarid) actually belong to Caloptilia.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checkered Beetles Moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – Hazardous Phytophags of Arboreal and Shrubby Plants of Botanical Gardens and Plantings of Kiev M
    UDC 632.634.791.937 (477.75) © 2017 Checkered beetles moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – hazardous phytophags of arboreal and shrubby plants of botanical gardens and plantings of Kiev M. Lisovyi, O. Sylchuk Natsional University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroev Oborony str., 13, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine P. Chumak, V. Kovalchuk, Botanichny Garden of Acad. O. Fomina The purpose. To carry out probes on revealing and specification of species composition of checkered moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in conditions of botanical gardens and plantings of Kiev. Methods. Standard methods of faunistic research in entomology, population ecology, and protection of plants. Results. It is determined that 24 kinds of checkered moths are eating 54 kinds of plants which are widely used for gardening in Kiev. For the first time the following kinds are revealed: Phyllonorycter issikii, Phyllonorycter platani, and Phyllonorycter emberizaepennella. At calculation of Palii-Kovnatski indexes they specified that in city plantings the dominant phytophags are Cameraria ohridella (94,11%), Phyllonorycter populifoliella (86,37%) and Gracillaria syringella (59,14%). They consider that in formation of the secondary areal of invasion kinds of checkered moths the great value has an areal of spread of the host-plant. Environmental analysis is carried out of checkered moths of family Gracillariidae which is spread in cities of the Europe and which are absent in fauna of cities of Ukraine. That has important theoretical and practical value for ecology, entomology and protection of plants against hazardous checkered moths. Conclusions. All the probed kinds of checkered moths by their trophic specialization may be distributed into polyphages (6 kinds), oligophages (14 kinds) and monophages (3 kinds).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Leaf-Mining Moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx Botanica Sp
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 865: 39–65A new (2019) leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. 39 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.865.34265 MONOGRAPH http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae Robert J.B. Hoare1, Brian H. Patrick2, Thomas R. Buckley1,3 1 New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auc- kland, New Zealand 2 Wildlands Consultants Ltd, PO Box 9276, Tower Junction, Christchurch 8149, New Ze- aland 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding author: Robert J.B. Hoare ([email protected]) Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken | Received 4 March 2019 | Accepted 3 May 2019 | Published 22 Jul 2019 http://zoobank.org/C1E51F7F-B5DF-4808-9C80-73A10D5746CD Citation: Hoare RJB, Patrick BH, Buckley TR (2019) A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae. ZooKeys 965: 39–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.865.34265 Abstract Sabulopteryx botanica Hoare & Patrick, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae) is described as a new species from New Zealand. It is regarded as endemic, and represents the first record of its genus from the southern hemisphere. Though diverging in some morphological features from previously de- scribed species, it is placed in genus Sabulopteryx Triberti, based on wing venation, abdominal characters, male and female genitalia and hostplant choice; this placement is supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Insekt-Nytt • 38 (3) 2013
    Insekt-Nytt • 38 (3) 2013 Insekt-Nytt presenterer populærvitenskape lige Insekt-Nytt • 38 (3) 2013 oversikts- og tema-artikler om insekters (inkl. edder koppdyr og andre landleddyr) økologi, Medlemsblad for Norsk entomologisk systematikk, fysiologi, atferd, dyregeografi etc. forening Likeledes trykkes artslister fra ulike områder og habitater, ekskursjons rap por ter, naturvern-, Redaktør: nytte- og skadedyrstoff, bibliografier, biografier, Anders Endrestøl his to rikk, «anek do ter», innsamlings- og prepa re- rings tek nikk, utstyrstips, bokanmeldelser m.m. Redaksjon: Vi trykker også alle typer stoff som er relatert Lars Ove Hansen til Norsk entomologisk forening og dets lokal- Jan Arne Stenløkk av de linger: årsrapporter, regnskap, møte- og Leif Aarvik ekskur sjons-rapporter,­­ debattstoff etc. Opprop og Halvard Hatlen kon taktannonser er gratis for foreningens med lem- Hallvard Elven mer. Språket er norsk (svensk eller dansk) gjerne med et kort engelsk abstract for større artik ler. Nett-redaktør: Våre artikler refereres i Zoological record. Hallvard Elven Insekt-Nytt vil prøve å finne sin nisje der vi Adresse: ikke overlapper med vår forenings fagtidsskrift Insekt-Nytt, v/ Anders Endrestøl, Norwegian­­ Journal of Entomology. Origi na le NINA Oslo, vitenskapelige undersøkelser, nye arter for ulike Gaustadalléen 21, faunaregioner og Norge går fortsatt til dette. 0349 Oslo Derimot tar vi gjerne artikler som omhandler Tlf.: 99 45 09 17 «interessante og sjeldne funn», notater om arters [Besøksadr.: Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo] habitatvalg og levevis etc., selv om det nødven- E-mail: [email protected] digvis ikke er «nytt». Sats, lay-out, paste-up: Redaksjonen Annonsepriser: 1/2 side kr. 1000,– Trykk: Gamlebyen Grafiske AS, Oslo 1/1 side kr.
    [Show full text]
  • And Lepidoptera Associated with Fraxinus Pennsylvanica Marshall (Oleaceae) in the Red River Valley of Eastern North Dakota
    A FAUNAL SURVEY OF COLEOPTERA, HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA), AND LEPIDOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSHALL (OLEACEAE) IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By James Samuel Walker In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Entomology March 2014 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School North DakotaTitle State University North DaGkroadtaua Stet Sacteho Uolniversity A FAUNAL SURVEYG rOFad COLEOPTERA,uate School HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA), AND LEPIDOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH Title A FFRAXINUSAUNAL S UPENNSYLVANICARVEY OF COLEO MARSHALLPTERTAitl,e HEM (OLEACEAE)IPTERA (HET INER THEOPTE REDRA), AND LAE FPAIDUONPATLE RSUAR AVSESYO COIFA CTOEDLE WOIPTTHE RFRAA, XHIENMUISP PTENRNAS (YHLEVTAENRICOAP TMEARRAS),H AANLDL RIVER VALLEY OF EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA L(EOPLIDEAOCPTEEAREA) I ANS TSHOEC RIAETDE RDI VWEITRH V FARLALXEIYN UOSF P EEANSNTSEYRLNV ANNOICRAT HM DAARKSHOATALL (OLEACEAE) IN THE RED RIVER VAL LEY OF EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA ByB y By JAMESJAME SSAMUEL SAMUE LWALKER WALKER JAMES SAMUEL WALKER TheThe Su pSupervisoryervisory C oCommitteemmittee c ecertifiesrtifies t hthatat t hthisis ddisquisition isquisition complies complie swith wit hNorth Nor tDakotah Dako ta State State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of University’s regulations and meetMASTERs the acce pOFted SCIENCE standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: David A. Rider DCoa-­CCo-Chairvhiadi rA.
    [Show full text]
  • Micro Moths on Great Cumbrae Island (Vc100)
    The Glasgow Naturalist (online 2017) Volume 26, xx-xx Micro moths on Great Cumbrae Island (vc100) P. G. Moore 32 Marine Parade, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae KA28 0EF E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Forsythia sp. Behind the office is a large mature Few previous records exist for miCro-moths from black mulberry tree (Morus nigra) and to one side is vC100. Data are presented from the first year-round a tall privet hedge (Ligustrum ovalifolium). To the moth-trapping exerCise accomplished on Great rear of my property is a wooded escarpment with Cumbrae Island; one of the least studied of the old-growth ash (Fraxinus excelsior) frequently ivy- Clyde Isles (vC100). Data from a Skinner-type light- Covered (Hedera helix), sycamore (Acer trap, supplemented by Collection of leaf mines from pseudoplatanus) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), local trees, revealed the presence of 71 species of with an undergrowth of hawthorn (Crataegus miCro moths, representing 20 new records for the monogyna), wild garliC (Allium ursinum), nettle vice-County. (Urtica dioica), bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and bramble (Rubus fructicosus). Rhind (1988) detailed INTRODUCTION the vasCular plants found on Great Cumbrae Island The extensive nineteenth-century list of between 1985 and 1987 and delineated the history Lepidoptera in the 1901 handbook on the natural of the island's botanical investigations. Leaves of history of Glasgow and the West of SCotland issued brambles in my garden, beech trees (Fagus for the Glasgow meeting of the British AssoCiation sylvatica) and hazel (Corylus avellana) at other for the Advancement of SCience (Elliot et al., 1901) locations on the island (respectively Craiglea Wood inCluded few Cumbrae records.
    [Show full text]
  • Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
    Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Suburban Micromoth Diversity Using DNA Barcoding of Malaise Trap Samples
    Urban Ecosyst DOI 10.1007/s11252-016-0597-2 Investigating suburban micromoth diversity using DNA barcoding of malaise trap samples Kaare Aagaard1 & Kai Berggren2 & Paul DN Hebert3 & Jayme Sones3 & Beverly McClenaghan3 & Torbjørn Ekrem1 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Micromoths can be challenging to identify based Introduction on morphology and are frequently omitted in assessments of moth diversity. However, their species richness and biology Urban ecology is a field in constant growth (Cressey 2015). make them important components of terrestrial ecosystems. In Traditionally, birds, mammals and flowering plants have been this study we identified 1227 micromoths from a suburban considered in urban ecology studies, but butterflies and moths garden at 63° north using DNA barcoding of Malaise trap are now often also investigated (Goode 2014). The larger samples. We recorded 78 different species with the 11 most moth species are reasonably well known and easy to identify abundant taxa accounting for 82 % of the catch. The remaining in temperate regions, but micromoths require more taxonomic 67 species were represented by fewer than 14 specimens, but expertise and are therefore rarely considered in urban ecology the number was often sufficient to provide a good idea of studies. However, extensive investigations of urban moth phenology. The larvae of these 78 species all feed on plants communities were recently undertaken in Scotland (Lintott common in suburban environments. We show that when et al. 2014) and Michigan, USA (Rice and White 2015). facilitated by identifications through DNA barcoding, Malaise Urbanization is generally supposed to contribute to biodi- traps provide interesting insights into the micromoth commu- versity loss (McKinney 2002), but only a few large cities in nities of suburban environments that might otherwise be Norway have an extreme urban structure.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Epicephala) and Leafflower Trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus Sensu Lato [Glochidion]) in Southeastern Polynesia
    Coevolutionary Diversification of Leafflower Moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Epicephala) and Leafflower Trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus sensu lato [Glochidion]) in Southeastern Polynesia By David Howard Hembry A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Rosemary Gillespie, Chair Professor Bruce Baldwin Professor Patrick O’Grady Spring 2012 1 2 Abstract Coevolution between phylogenetically distant, yet ecologically intimate taxa is widely invoked as a major process generating and organizing biodiversity on earth. Yet for many putatively coevolving clades we lack knowledge both of their evolutionary history of diversification, and the manner in which they organize themselves into patterns of interaction. This is especially true for mutualistic associations, despite the fact that mutualisms have served as models for much coevolutionary research. In this dissertation, I examine the codiversification of an obligate, reciprocally specialized pollination mutualism between leafflower moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Epicephala) and leafflower trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus sensu lato [Glochidion]) on the oceanic islands of southeastern Polynesia. Leafflower moths are the sole known pollinators of five clades of leafflowers (in the genus Phyllanthus s. l., including the genera Glochidion and Breynia), and thus this interaction is considered to be obligate. Female moths actively transfer pollen from male flowers to female flowers, using a haired proboscis to transfer pollen into the recessed stigmatic surface at the end of the fused stylar column. The moths then oviposit into the flowers’ ovaries, and the larva which hatches consumes a subset, but not all, of the developing fruit’s seed set.
    [Show full text]
  • Choreutis Nemorana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae) –First Record in Bulgaria
    Silva Balcanica, 18(2)/2017 CHOREUTIS NEMORANA (HÜBNER, 1799) (LEPIDOPTERA: CHOREUTIDAE) –FIRST RECORD IN BULGARIA Tanya Todorova Vaneva-Gancheva Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute - Plovdiv Abstract Choreutis nemorana was found on Ficus carica in Plovdiv region, Bulgaria in 2016. This is the first record reported from Bulgaria. Distribution data, morphological, biological data and life history of the species are presented. Key words: Choreutis nemorana; Ficus carica, Bulgaria INTRODUCTION On 30 September 2016, a damaged fig tree (Ficus carica L.) was noticed in Plovdiv region. The leaves looked skeletonized and whitened even from a distance. On the skeletonized leaves some caterpillars, pupae in white cocoons and many empty pupae in cocoons were remarked. We took some caterpillars and cocoons and kept them in the lab. Two larval specimens which pupated on 2 October emerged on 20 and 23 October respectively. The moth from pupa emerged between 15 and 19 October. This year (2017) at the end of summer on the same fig tree and on two others nearby were observed the same damage. The moths emerged in the end of October. It is the most likely that those moths are from second generation. Probably damages from the first generation were minor and stay unremarkable. The only species that has larvae specialized in eating the leaf tissue on a fig tree is Choreutis nemorana (Hübner, 1799), which is not listed in Bulgaria, this appears to be the first report of this species. DISTRIBUTION C. nemorana (Hübner, 1799) also known as a fig leaf roller or fig-tree skeletonize moth. The species was described by Hübner, 1799.
    [Show full text]
  • Семейства Bucculatricidae, Gracillariidae, Lyonetidae С.В
    http://www.bgpu.ru/azj/ © Амурский зоологический журнал. VIII(4), 2016. 292-298 http://elibrary.ru/title_about.asp?id=30906 © Amurian zoological journal. VIII(4), 2016. 292-298 УДК 595.782 ДОПОЛНЕНИЯ К ФАУНЕ MICROLEPIDOPTERA ЮГА ХАБАРОВСКОГО КРАЯ: СЕМЕЙСТВА BUCCULATRICIDAE, GRACILLARIIDAE, LYONETIDAE С.В. Барышникова1, В.В. Дубатолов2 ADDITIONS FOR MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF SOUTHERN PART OF KHABAROVSKII KRAI: BUCCULATRICIDAE, GRACILLARIIDAE, LYONETIDAE S.V. Baryshnikova1, V.V. Dubatolov2 1Зоологический институт РАН, Университетская наб. 1, Санкт-Петербург 199034 Россия.E-mail: lepid@ zin.ru 2ФГУ «Заповедное Приамурье», пос. Бычиха, ул. Юбилейная, 8, Хабаровский район, Хабаровский край, 680502, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] 2Ботчинский государственный природный заповедник, ул. Советская 28Б, Советская Гавань, Хабаровский край 682800 Россия. E-mail: [email protected] 2Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, ул. Фрунзе 11, Новосибирск 630091 Россия. E-mail: [email protected] Ключевые слова: Microlepidoptera, Bucculatricidae, Gracillariidae, Lyonetidae, Ботчинский заповедник, Большехехцирский заповедник, Сихотэ-Алинь, Хабаровский край Резюме. По результатам исследований 2004-2016 годов приводится 25 видов молевидных чешуекрылых семейств Bucculatricidae, Gracillariidae и Lyonetidae, собранных на территории юга Хабаровского края. 1Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya front 1, Sankt-Petersburg 199034 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Federal State Institution "Zapovednoe Priamurye", Bychikha village, Yubileinaya street, 8, Khabarovskii Raion,
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Shifts in the Distribution of Moth Species in Finland, with a Focus on the Province of Kainuu
    14 Climate Change and Shifts in the Distribution of Moth Species in Finland, with a Focus on the Province of Kainuu Juhani H. Itämies1, Reima Leinonen2 and V. Benno Meyer-Rochow3,4 1Kaitoväylä 25 A 6; SF-90570 Oulu; 2Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Kainuu, Kajaani, 3Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Research II, D-28759 4Bremen and Department of Biology; Oulu University; SF-90014 Oulu, 1,2,3Finland 4Germany 1. Introduction Distributions and abundances of insect species depend on a variety of factors, but whether we focus on food plants and availability, environmental niches and shelters, predators or parasites, by far the most important limiting factor is climate. Shifts in insect community structure have successfully been correlated with glacial and inter-glacial periods (Coope 1995; Ashworth 1997; Morgan 1997), but have also attracted the attention of researchers concerned with current climate trends. Parmesan (2001) and Forester et al. (2010) examined examples from North America and Europe and emphasized that predictions of responses to a warmer climate must incorporate observations on habitat loss or alteration, land management and dispersal abilities of the species in question. For the United Kingdom, Hill et al. (2001) have summarized data on changes in the distribution of specifically three butterfly species (Pararge aegeria, Aphantopus hyperantus, and Pyronia tithonus). These authors report that the three species have been shifting northward since the 1940s and they present maps of simulated butterfly distributions for the period 2070-2099, based on the changes seen since the 1940s. According to that scenario Iceland will see some colonies of these three species in less than a hundred years.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue Information
    Systematic Entomology (2017), 42, 60–81 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12210 A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host-use evolution AKITO Y. KAWAHARA1, DAVID PLOTKIN1,2, ISSEI OHSHIMA3, CARLOS LOPEZ-VAAMONDE4,5, PETER R. HOULIHAN1,6, JESSE W. BREINHOLT1, ATSUSHI KAWAKITA7, LEI XIAO1,JEROMEC. REGIER8,9, DONALD R. DAVIS10, TOSIO KUMATA11, JAE-CHEON SOHN9,10,12, JURATE DE PRINS13 andCHARLES MITTER9 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., 2Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., 3Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan, 4INRA, UR0633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France, 5IRBI, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France, 6Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., 7Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 8Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, U.S.A., 9Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, U.S.A., 10Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A., 11Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo, Japan, 12Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea and 13Department of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium Abstract. Gracillariidae are one of the most diverse families of internally feeding insects, and many species are economically important. Study of this family has been hampered by lack of a robust and comprehensive phylogeny. In the present paper, we sequenced up to 22 genes in 96 gracillariid species, representing all previously rec- ognized subfamilies and genus groups, plus 20 outgroups representing other families and superfamilies.
    [Show full text]