Binaural Response Organization Within a Frequency-Band Representation of the Inferior Colliculus: Implications for Sound Localization
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Modeling of the Head-Related Transfer Functions for Reduced Computation and Storage Charles Duncan Lueck Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1995 Modeling of the head-related transfer functions for reduced computation and storage Charles Duncan Lueck Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Recommended Citation Lueck, Charles Duncan, "Modeling of the head-related transfer functions for reduced computation and storage " (1995). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 10929. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10929 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This mamiscr^t has been reproduced fFom the microfilin master. UMI films the text directly from the origmal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from ai^ type of con^ter printer. Hie qnallQr of this repfodnction is dqiendent opon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, prim bleedthroug^ substandard marginc^ and in^^rqper alignment can adverse^ affect rq)roduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyri^t material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g^ maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to light in equal sections with small overk^ Each original is also photogrs^hed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the bade of the book. -
Neural Sensitivity to Interaural Time Differences: Beyond the Jeffress Model
The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2000, 20(4):1605–1615 Neural Sensitivity to Interaural Time Differences: Beyond the Jeffress Model Douglas C. Fitzpatrick, Shigeyuki Kuwada, and Ranjan Batra Department of Anatomy, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3405 Interaural time differences (ITDs) are a major cue for localizing with large differences in path lengths between the two ears. Our the azimuthal position of sounds. The dominant models for results suggest instead that sensitivity to large ITDs is created processing ITDs are based on the Jeffress model and predict with short delay lines, using neurons that display intermediate- neurons that fire maximally at a common ITD across their and trough-type responses. We demonstrate that a neuron’s responsive frequency range. Such neurons are indeed found in best ITD can be predicted from (1) its characteristic delay, a the binaural pathways and are referred to as “peak-type.” rough measure of the delay line, (2) its characteristic phase, However, other neurons discharge minimally at a common ITD which defines the response type, and (3) its best frequency for (trough-type), and others do not display a common ITD at the ITD sensitivity. The intermediate- and trough-type neurons that maxima or minima (intermediate-type). From recordings of neu- have large best ITDs are predicted to be most active when rons in the auditory cortex of the unanesthetized rabbit to sounds at the two ears are decorrelated and may transmit low-frequency tones and envelopes of high-frequency sounds, information about auditory space other than sound localization. we show that the different response types combine to form a continuous axis of best ITD. -
Auditory Processing Disorders Assessment and Intervention: Best Practices Task Force on Auditory Processing Disorders, Minnesota Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc
Auditory Processing Disorders Assessment and Intervention: Best Practices Task Force on Auditory Processing Disorders, Minnesota Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc. Introduction The Minnesota Speech-Language-Hearing Association developed the Task Force on Auditory Processing Disorders to survey practices pertaining to auditory processing assessment and intervention among audiologists and speech-language pathologists in Minnesota. This document summarizes the auditory processing protocols and practices endorsed by the following members of the task force: Vicki Anderson, AuD, CCC-A, FAAA, HealthPartners Sarah Angerman, PhD, CCC-A, University of Minnesota Cassandra Billiet, AuD, CCC-A, FAAA, Oakdale Ear, Nose, & Throat Clinic Sarah Hanson, MA, CCC-SLP, Associated Speech & Language Specialists, LLC Linda Kalweit, AuD, CCC-A, FAAA, Duluth Public Schools ISD #709 Anne Lindgren, MA, CCC-SLP, Anoka-Hennepin School District #11 Amy Sievert O’Keefe, AuD, CCC-A, FAAA, HealthPartners Statement of Purpose The purpose of this document is to supplement the consensus statements provided by the national professional associations for audiology and speech-language pathology, namely the American Academy of Audiology (AAA) and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA): American Academy of Audiology. (2010). Diagnosis, treatment, and management of children and adults with central auditory processing disorder [Clinical Practice Guidelines]. Available from http://audiology.org/resources/documentlibrary/Pages/default.aspx American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005). (Central) auditory processing disorders [Technical Report]. Available from www.asha.org/policy. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005). (Central) auditory processing disorders—the role of the audiologist [Position Statement]. Available from www.asha.org/policy. This document is also meant to serve in conjunction with, and as an update to, the document cited below: Minnesota Department of Education. -
Binaural Interaction Component in Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses
J Int Adv Otol 2015; 11(2): 114-7 • DOI: 10.5152/iao.2015.426 Original Article Binaural Interaction Component in Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses Ajith Kumar Uppunda, Jayashree Bhat, Pearl Edna D'costa, Muthu Raj, Kaushlendra Kumar Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India (AKU) Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Manipal, Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Karnataka, India (JB, PED, MR, KK) OBJECTIVE: This article aims to describe the characteristics of the binaural interaction component (BIC) of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR). MATERIALS and METHODS: All 15 subjects had normal peripheral hearing sensitivity. ABRs were elicited by speech stimulus /da/. RESULTS: The first BIC (BIC-SP1) in the speech-evoked ABR occurred at around 6 ms in the region of peak V. The second BIC (BIC-SP2) was present around 8 ms in the latency region of peak A. The third and fourth BICs of speech-evoked ABR (BIC-SP3 & BIC-SP4) were observed at around 36 ms and 46 ms, respectively, in the latency regions of peaks E and F, respectively. BIC-SP1 and BIC-SP2 were present in all subjects tested (100%), whereas BIC-SP3 and BIC-SP4 were present in 11 (73%). CONCLUSION: Because ABRs are not affected by sleep and mature early, this tool can be evaluated in identifying binaural interaction in younger and difficult-to-test populations. KEYWORDS: Binaural interaction component, auditory brainstem response, speech, latency, amplitude INTRODUCTION The binaural interaction component (BIC) of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) has been a subject of investigation since the 1970s. -
1 Study Guide for Unit 5 (Hearing, Audition, Music and Speech). Be
Psychology of Perception Lewis O. Harvey, Jr.–Instructor Psychology 4165-100 Andrew J. Mertens –Teaching Assistant Spring 2021 11:10–12:25 Tuesday, Thursday Study Guide for Unit 5 (hearing, audition, music and speech). Be able to answer the following questions and be familiar with the concepts involved in the answers. Review your textbook reading, lectures, homework and lab assignments and be familiar with the concepts included in them. 1. Diagram the three parts of the auditory system: Outer, middle and inner ear. How is sound mapped onto the basilar membrane? Know these terms: pinna, concha, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, maleus, incus, stapes, semicircular canals, oval and round windows, cochlea, basilar membrane, organ of Corti, Eustachian tube, inner, outer hair cells. 2. What are the three main physical dimensions of the sound stimulus? What are the three main psychological dimensions of the sound experience? What are the relationships and interdependencies among them? 3. How does the basilar membrane carry out a frequency analysis of the physical sound stimulus? 4. What are roles of the inner and the outer hair cells on the organ of Corti? 5. What is the critical band? Describe three different methods for measuring the critical band. 6. According to Plomp and Levelt (1965), how far apart in frequency must two sine wave tones be in order to sound maximally unpleasant? Why do some musical notes (e.g., the octave or the fifth) sound consonant when played together with the tonic and some other notes (e.g., the second or the seventh) sound dissonant when played with the tonic? 7. -
Accuracy of Recorded Measures of the Willeford Central Auditory Processing Test Battery
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1981 Accuracy of recorded measures of the Willeford Central Auditory Processing test battery Susan L. Shea The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Shea, Susan L., "Accuracy of recorded measures of the Willeford Central Auditory Processing test battery" (1981). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1471. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1471 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 THIS IS AN UNPUELISHED MANUSCRIPT IN WHICH COPYRIGHT SUB SISTS. ANY FURTHER REPRINTING OF ITS CONTENTS MUST BE APPROVED BY THE AUTHOR. MANSFIELD LIBRARY UNIVERSITY QI; MONTANA DATE I 1^ ^ \ „ ACCURACY OF RECORDED MEASURES OF THE WILLEFORD CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING TEST BATTERY by Susan L. Shea B.Sc., Speech Pathology & Audiology University of Alberta, 1979 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders in the Graduate School of the University of Montana June, 1981 Approved by: Chairman, oi Examiners Dean, Graduate School SLJL-JJL Date UMI Number: EP35122 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
The Challenges of Restoring Binaural Hearing: a Study of Binaural Fusion, Listening Effort, and Music Perception in Children Using Bilateral Cochlear Implants
The challenges of restoring binaural hearing: A study of binaural fusion, listening effort, and music perception in children using bilateral cochlear implants Written by Morrison Mansour Steel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Morrison M Steel, 2014 The challenges of restoring binaural hearing: A study of binaural fusion, listening effort, and music perception in children using bilateral cochlear implants Morrison M Steel Master of Science Institute of Medical Science The University of Toronto 2014 Benefits from bilateral implantation vary and are limited by mismatched devices, stimulation schemes, and abnormal development. We asked whether bilateral implant use promotes binaural fusion, reduces listening effort, or enhances music perception in children. Binaural fusion (perception of 1 vs. 2 sounds) was assessed behaviourally and reaction times and pupillary changes were recorded simultaneously to measure effort. The child’s Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia was modified and administered to evaluate music perception. Bilaterally implanted children heard a fused percept less frequently than normal hearing peers, possibly due to impaired cortical integration and device limitations, but fusion improved in children who were older and had less brainstem asymmetry and when there was a level difference. Poorer fusion was associated with increased effort, which may have resulted from diminished bottom-up processing. Children with bilateral implants perceived music as accurately as unilaterally implanted peers and improved performance with greater bilateral implant use. ii Acknowledgments I would not have been able to persevere through this process without continual support and encouragement from many important people in my life. -
The Human Ear Hearing, Sound Intensity and Loudness Levels
UIUC Physics 406 Acoustical Physics of Music The Human Ear Hearing, Sound Intensity and Loudness Levels We’ve been discussing the generation of sounds, so now we’ll discuss the perception of sounds. Human Senses: The astounding ~ 4 billion year evolution of living organisms on this planet, from the earliest single-cell life form(s) to the present day, with our current abilities to hear / see / smell / taste / feel / etc. – all are the result of the evolutionary forces of nature associated with “survival of the fittest” – i.e. it is evolutionarily{very} beneficial for us to be able to hear/perceive the natural sounds that do exist in the environment – it helps us to locate/find food/keep from becoming food, etc., just as vision/sight enables us to perceive objects in our 3-D environment, the ability to move /locomote through the environment enhances our ability to find food/keep from becoming food; Our sense of balance, via a stereo-pair (!) of semi-circular canals (= inertial guidance system!) helps us respond to 3-D inertial forces (e.g. gravity) and maintain our balance/avoid injury, etc. Our sense of taste & smell warn us of things that are bad to eat and/or breathe… Human Perception of Sound: * The human ear responds to disturbances/temporal variations in pressure. Amazingly sensitive! It has more than 6 orders of magnitude in dynamic range of pressure sensitivity (12 orders of magnitude in sound intensity, I p2) and 3 orders of magnitude in frequency (20 Hz – 20 KHz)! * Existence of 2 ears (stereo!) greatly enhances 3-D localization of sounds, and also the determination of pitch (i.e. -
Binaural Sound Localization
CHAPTER 5 BINAURAL SOUND LOCALIZATION 5.1 INTRODUCTION We listen to speech (as well as to other sounds) with two ears, and it is quite remarkable how well we can separate and selectively attend to individual sound sources in a cluttered acoustical environment. In fact, the familiar term ‘cocktail party processing’ was coined in an early study of how the binaural system enables us to selectively attend to individual con- versations when many are present, as in, of course, a cocktail party [23]. This phenomenon illustrates the important contributionthat binaural hearing makes to auditory scene analysis, byenablingusto localizeandseparatesoundsources. Inaddition, the binaural system plays a major role in improving speech intelligibility in noisy and reverberant environments. The primary goal of this chapter is to provide an understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying binaural localization of sound, along with an appreciation of how binaural pro- cessing by the auditory system enhances the intelligibility of speech in noisy acoustical environments, and in the presence of competing talkers. Like so many aspects of sensory processing, the binaural system offers an existence proof of the possibility of extraordinary performance in sound localization, and signal separation, but it does not yet providea very complete picture of how this level of performance can be achieved with the contemporary tools of computational auditory scene analysis (CASA). We first summarize in Sec. 5.2 the major physical factors that underly binaural percep- tion, and we briefly summarize some of the classical physiological findings that describe mechanisms that could support some aspects of binaural processing. In Sec. 5.3 we briefly review some of the basic psychoacoustical results which have motivated the development Computational Auditory Scene Analysis. -
Binaural Cross-Correlation Predicts the Responses of Neurons in the Owl’S Auditory Space Map Under Conditions Simulating Summing Localization
The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 1996, 16(13):4300–4309 Binaural Cross-Correlation Predicts the Responses of Neurons in the Owl’s Auditory Space Map under Conditions Simulating Summing Localization Clifford H. Keller and Terry T. Takahashi Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1254 Summing localization describes the perceptions of human lis- stimulus delays. The resulting binaural cross-correlation sur- teners to two identical sounds from different locations pre- face strongly resembles the pattern of activity across the space sented with delays of 0–1 msec. Usually a single source is map inferred from recordings of single space-specific neurons. perceived to be located between the two actual source loca- Four peaks are observed in the cross-correlation surface for tions, biased toward the earlier source. We studied neuronal any nonzero delay. One peak occurs at the correlation delay responses within the space map of the barn owl to sounds equal to the ITD of each speaker. Two additional peaks reflect presented with this same paradigm. The owl’s primary cue for “phantom sources” occurring at correlation delays that match localization along the azimuth, interaural time difference (ITD), is the signal of the left speaker in one ear with the signal of the based on a cross-correlation-like treatment of the signals ar- right speaker in the other ear. At zero delay, the two phantom riving at each ear. The output of this cross-correlation is dis- peaks coincide. The surface features are complicated further played as neural activity across the auditory space map in the by the interactions of the various correlation peaks. -
Mismatch Negativity in the Neurophysiologic/Behavioral Evalu- Ation of Auditory Processing Deficits: a Case Study
Mismatch Negativity in the Neurophysiologic/Behavioral Evalu- ation of Auditory Processing Deficits: A Case Study Nina Kraus, Therese McGee, Jeanane Ferre, Jo-Ann Hoeppner, Thomas Carrell, Anu Sharma, Trent Nicol Abstract & Szabo, 1993; Lenhardt, 1981; Starr, McPherson, Patterson, Luxford, Shannon, Sininger, Tonokawa, & The subject of this case report is an Ibyea~ld Waring, 1991; Worthington & Peters, 1980). Reports of woman with grossly abnormal auditory brain stem young patients with Brainstem Auditory Processing response (ABR), normal peripheral hearing, and specific behavioral auditory processing deficits. Syndrome (BAPS) have focused on babies and toddlers Auditory middle latency responses (MLRs) and with absent ABR, but only mdd-to-moderate loss of cortical potentials NI, P2, and P300 were intact. hearing sensitivity (Kraus, Ozdamar, Stein, & Reed, The mismatch negativity (MMN) was normal in 1984). Although it has been speculated and partially response to certain synthesized speech stimuli documented that these patients show deficits in auditory and impaired to others-consistent with her processing, the specific nature of these deficits is poorly behavioral discrimination of these stimuli. Behav understood. Little is known about how these individuals ioral tests of auditory processing were consistent function in "real life" or how these deficits will affect with auditory brain stem dysfunction. A neurop them over time. sychological evaluation revealed normal intellectual The awareness that such patients exist has resulted and academic performance. The subject was in her first year of college at the time of the in the identification of an increased number of such evaluation. This case study is important because: patients in hearing/otology clinics. Starr et al. -
A Biological Rationale for Musical Consonance Daniel L
PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE A biological rationale for musical consonance Daniel L. Bowlinga,1 and Dale Purvesb,1 aDepartment of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and bDuke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 Edited by Solomon H. Snyder, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved June 25, 2015 (received for review March 25, 2015) The basis of musical consonance has been debated for centuries without resolution. Three interpretations have been considered: (i) that consonance derives from the mathematical simplicity of small integer ratios; (ii) that consonance derives from the physical absence of interference between harmonic spectra; and (iii) that consonance derives from the advantages of recognizing biological vocalization and human vocalization in particular. Whereas the mathematical and physical explanations are at odds with the evidence that has now accumu- lated, biology provides a plausible explanation for this central issue in music and audition. consonance | biology | music | audition | vocalization Why we humans hear some tone combina- perfect fifth (3:2), and the perfect fourth revolution in the 17th century, which in- tions as relatively attractive (consonance) (4:3), ratios that all had spiritual and cos- troduced a physical understanding of musi- and others as less attractive (dissonance) has mological significance in Pythagorean phi- cal tones. The science of sound attracted been debated for over 2,000 years (1–4). losophy (9, 10). many scholars of that era, including Vincenzo These perceptual differences form the basis The mathematical range of Pythagorean and Galileo Galilei, Renee Descartes, and of melody when tones are played sequen- consonance was extended in the Renaissance later Daniel Bernoulli and Leonard Euler.