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An Essential History of China an Essential History of China Why It Matters to Americans

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An Essential History of China an Essential History of China Why It Matters to Americans An Essential History of China An Essential History of China Why it Matters to Americans W J C Also by William John Cox Hello: We Speak the Truth You’re Not Stupid! Get the Truth: A Brief on the Bush Presidency Mitt Romney and the Mormon Church: Questions Target Iran: Copyright © 2015 William John Cox Drawing Red Lines in the Sand All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced or The Holocaust Case: transmitted in any form or by any means, Defeat of Denial electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing from William John Cox, who asserts his moral right to be identified The Book of Mindkind: as the author of this work. A Philosophy for the New Millennium Mindkind Publications www.mindkind.info Sam: Cover Image - The Goddess of Democracy A Political Philosophy A 33-foot papier-mâché statue was created by art students in support of Transforming America: a massive demonstration for democracy at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. A Voters’ Bill of Rights The statue was destroyed by the People’s Liberation Army on June 4, 1989. Millennial Math & Physics Dedication Calligraphy - Peace in the Pacific by Zhaoyang Cui - Beijing ISBN-13: 9781523270026 ISBN-10: 1523270020 Table of Contents Leading Characters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xiii Preface · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·xvii Setting · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxi Part One: Four Thousand Years of Dynastic Rule · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 Ancient China · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3 Early Dynasties · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 The First Emperor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9 The Han and the Period of Disunion · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 13 The Sui and The Grand Canal · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·17 The Golden Age of the Tang · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·19 The Glorious Song · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23 Conquest and Unification by the Mongols · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 29 The Ming Dynasty, Its Mighty Navy, and the Great Wall · · · · · · 33 The Incredible Ming Navy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 35 The Mercantile Invasion · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 39 The Manchurian Qing Dynasty · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 43 The Corporate-Industrial Colonization Of China · · · · · · · · · · · · 47 A Troubling Matter of Diplomacy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 53 Part Two: The Communist Dynasty · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 59 Death Throes of an Empire · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·61 The Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·61 Self Strengthening Movement (1861-1895) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 63 The Sino-Japanese War (1894 -1895) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 64 The Boxer Rebellion (1898-1900) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 66 Nationalism and the Republican Revolution · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 69 Mao Zedong Thought · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·114 Sun Yat-sen and the Revolution · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 70 The Psychology of Mao · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·117 The May Fourth Student Movement · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72 The Communist Revolution · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 122 Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 73 Establishing the People’s Republic of China · · · · · · · · · · · · · 125 The Foundation of the Chinese Communist Party · · · · · · · · 75 Mao’s Insane Reign · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 129 The Northern Expedition and the Communist-Nationalist Taking Control of the Nation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 130 Split · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 77 The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1956-1957) · · · · · · · · · · · 133 Government by the Kuomintang · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 79 The Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·135 Mao Hijacks the Red Army and Becomes a Bandit · · · · · · · · 80 The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) · · · 138 Japanese Aggression · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 89 Deng Xiaoping Takes Charge · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 144 Invasion of Manchuria · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 89 The Death of Mao · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 146 Attack on Shanghai · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 91 Deng’s Moderate Rule · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·147 The Long March · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 93 The Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Square · · · · · · ·152 Breaking Out · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 93 Deng’s Legacy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·156 Mao Takes Command · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 95 The Tiger’s Pragmatic Rule · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·159 Crossing the Yangtze · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 96 Jiang Zemin (1989-2002) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 160 Fable of the Luding Suspension Bridge · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 97 Hu Jintao (2002-2012)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 164 Crossing the Great Snowy Mountains · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 97 Xi Jinping (2012-Present)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 168 Internal Conflict · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 98 Part Three: China and the United States · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·179 Crossing the Grasslands · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 99 Changing Course · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·181 Splitting the Armies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 99 Threats of War · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·183 Arrival in Shaanx · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100 What Can Be Done? · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 186 The United Front · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100 The Failed Economic and Political Systems of World War · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·103 the United States and China · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 187 The Battle of Shanghai · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104 Communism is not the Same as Socialism, and Capitalism The Rape of Nanjing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 105 is not the Same as Free Enterprise · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 190 The Battle of Wuhan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 105 All Governments Have a Duty to Educate Their People and Retreat to Chongqing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 106 to Tell Them the Truth · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·192 The Puppet Government · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 107 Informed Voters Must Make Their Own Policy · · · · · · · · · ·193 Allied With the United States · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 107 Voting is an Inherent Human Right · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·196 Mao Bides His Time · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 109 The Power and Payoff of Freedom · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 200 The Japanese Surrender · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·111 A Peaceful Pacific Community · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 201 Mao Establishes a Dynasty · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·113 Making History · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 203 Epilogue · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 205 Dedicated To Democracy in Hong Kong · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 207 Peace in the Pacific The United States Voters’ Rights Amendment (USVRA) · · · · · ·217 Sources · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 223 Leading Characters otables in Chinese history often have a title, as well as personal, tem- Nple, courtesy, and posthumous names. Moreover, given the various dialects of the Chinese language, spoken names can and have been trans- literated differently into other languages. The primary names used below are the ones most commonly used in the West, with others in parenthesis. They are listed in the order they appear, and the page number where each is introduced follows their description and period of life. Yu the Great founded the Xia dynasty around 2205 BCE. (c. 2200 - 2100 BCE) Page 5. Confucius, (Kong Fuzi or the Master Kong) created the philosophy of Confucianism.
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