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Redevelopment of the Australian War Memorial the National Heritage List

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Redevelopment of the Australian War Memorial the National Heritage List Redevelopment of the Australian War Memorial referral 2019/8574 for consideration under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Roger Pegrum April 2020 These comments are based on material provided by the Australian War Memorial as part of the process of public consultation in January 2020. The drawings included in the referral are preliminary in nature and generally do not include dimensions, levels or building cross sections. Attached for reference is correspondence in which I asked that architectural plans and cross sections be provided. The attached email of 25 January 2020 from the Deputy Program Director states that the Memorial intended to submit preliminary documentation in late February for assessment as a ‘controlled action’. At the date of this submission, the documentation has not been made available. I note also that the Australian War Memorial on 26 February 2020 sought a variation of the proposal to expand the scope of works to include inter alia additions and refurbishments to the C E W Bean Building, a re-profiled parade ground and associated engineering and infrastructure works. I may make further submissions when this additional documentation is available. the National Heritage List 1. The Australian War Memorial and the Memorial Parade (Anzac Parade) were included in the National Heritage List on 20 April 2006. The Schedule to the notice of inclusion notes that the values of the place satisfy six of the nine National Heritage criteria including criterion (e) ‘the place’s importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by a community or cultural group’. 2. This submission responds particularly to the architectural aesthetic integrity and commemorative intent of the Australian War Memorial pertaining especially to NHL criterion (e): • ‘the AWM in its setting is of outstanding importance for its aesthetic characteristics, valued as a place of great beauty by the Australian community • the main building and the surrounding landscape … act as reminders of important events and people in Australia’s history • the AWM together with Anzac Parade form an important national landmark that is highly valued by the Australian community • As part of the Parliamentary Vista, the AWM makes a major contribution to the principal views from both Parliament Houses and Mount Ainslie; • Views from Anzac Parade to the Hall of Memory and from the Hall of Memory along the land axis are outstanding’. 3. I have also considered the proposed redevelopment in the context of the values expressed against NHL criterion (b) (‘possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Australian natural or cultural history’) specifically: • ‘The AWM is a purpose built repository reflecting the integral relationship between the building, commemorative spaces and the collections • This is unique in Australia and rare elsewhere in the world. These values are expressed in the fabric of the main building, the entrance, the Hall of Memory, the collections and the surrounding landscape’. the Commonwealth Heritage List 4. The Australian War Memorial was included in the Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004. The Summary Statement of Significance notes that the Official Values of the place relate to seven of the criteria for inclusion in the CHL. Of particular relevance to the proposed redevelopment are criterion D ‘Characteristic values’, criterion E ‘Aesthetic characteristics’ and criterion F ‘Technical achievement’. 5. The Official Values of the place under criterion D ‘Characteristic values’ are specifically: • ‘the Memorial building is one of Canberra’s earliest major examples of Australian Art Deco architecture, with fine examples of applied art in the same style’. 2 Official Values under criterion E ‘Aesthetic characteristics’ are specifically: • ‘the War Memorial is an important landmark in Canberra, Australia’s National Capital. • As the terminating building at the northern end of the land axis of Griffin’s city design and one of only three buildings sited on the axis, the Memorial makes a major contribution to the principal views from both Parliament Houses’. Official Values under criterion F ‘Technical achievement’ describe the attributes of the Memorial as: • ‘its distinctive massing and symmetry, • its prominent siting on the Land Axis, • its landscaped grounds and • its setting against the backdrop of the forested slopes of Mount Ainslie’. This submission 6. The National Heritage values and the Commonwealth Heritage values taken together express the present functional, historical and aesthetic values in the architectural and landscape values of the AWM in its setting. I make this submission as a relevant expert (cv attached). My submission is: The Commonwealth continue to protect these values in total in the interests of Australians. Considering the following reasons, the Minister should not approve the proposed redevelopment. the proposed redevelopment 7. The referral proposes significant changes to the main entrance of the Memorial on the southern face of the building and replacement of the Anzac Hall at the rear of the site with a new and larger Anzac Hall connected to the Memorial building by a lofty glazed courtyard. In my opinion, these large new additions will overwhelm the original Memorial and will diminish the ‘outstanding importance’ of the ‘AWM in its setting’ which is ‘valued as a place of great beauty by the Australian community’. NHL criterion (e) 8. It is an important part of the three dimensional design of the Memorial that it is raised above the level of the city streets with steps and terraces fitted to the gentle slopes of Mount Ainslie. This arrangement allows direct medium and long distance visual 3 connection with the Land Axis and the central parts of the city and reinforces the special nature of the Memorial as part of the national memory. In my opinion, the proposed new southern entrance at the level of the parade ground would damage this relationship of the Memorial with Anzac Parade and the design of Canberra: ‘the AWM together with Anzac Parade form an important national landmark that is highly valued by the Australian community’. NHL criterion (e) 9. The project proposes to remove Anzac Hall and replace it with a new Anzac Hall and glazed courtyard. In my opinion, there are a number of good reasons not to demolish the existing Anzac Hall, first among which is that the building meets all expectations in regard to design quality and respect for both the Memorial building and its landscape setting. Anzac Hall is listed along with the main building and the surrounding landscape, the Hall of Memory, the Roll of Honour and the collections as ‘reminders of important events and people in Australia’s history’. Nothing in the referral suggests that the existing Anzac Hall has any deficiencies other than not being bigger. The need for additional exhibition space in a single location should be questioned but, if found to be essential, could be met with a clever addition rather than demolition. NHL criterion (e) 10. ‘The values of the AWM building are expressed in the fabric of the main building, the entrance … and the surrounding landscape’. I suggest that there are alternative approaches to achieving the objectives of the Memorial without the demolition of Anzac Hall, without removing the open space behind the Memorial and obscuring the original fabric of the building and without replacement of the original entrance to the Memorial with an underground point of entry. NHL criterion (b) background: the commemorative intent 11. The Australian Heritage Database notes the ‘grand entrance’ as one of the ‘major commemorative spaces’ of the Memorial: ‘The AWM is a unique commemorative institution that functions as a memorial, a museum, an archive and a centre for research ... the major commemorative spaces are the grand entrance, the central courtyard and Pool of Remembrance, the flanking cloisters with the Roll of Honour and the copper domed Hall of Memory’. 4 Australian Heritage Database, National Heritage List, Australian War Memorial and the Memorial Parade, Anzac Parade, Campbell, ACT at Appendix A in Attachment E AWM Redevelopment HIA pp.95, 130 12. The 1925 competition to select the design for an Australian War Memorial in Canberra described the site as ‘on the southern slope of Mount Ainslie … on the axial line from Capitol Hill passing to Mount Ainslie, within a reserve of approximately 30 acres’. Architects were told that the building should respond to the landscape of Canberra with its broad expanse and distant views. It was widely understood that public buildings in Canberra should be light in colour: ‘this would be particularly important with regard to the War Memorial which, with the huge mass of Mount Ainslie immediately behind it, would make it impossible for the building, no matter how massive, to compete with it in size’. Federal Capital Commission: Australian War Memorial Canberra Architectural Competition July 1925 – February 1927: a review by William Lucas FRGS 1927 13. Sixty-nine submissions were received from architects in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain and the United States. Design 52 by Emil Sodersten, a Sydney architect, was seen by the competition adjudicators as having an attractive layout ‘and a sequence so good that it has been classified as one of the best submitted’. The adjudicators also reported that, with the possible exception of design 41 by another Sydney architect John Crust, no design submitted ‘was likely to come within the sum available for the building’. Federal Capital Commission: Australian War Memorial Canberra: Architectural Competition Report and Supplementary Report by the Australian Board of Adjudicators (Charles Rosenthal, J S Murdoch and Leslie Wilkinson), September and October 1926 14. Of the design by Sodersten, the adjudicators said that its architecture ‘is exceptionally restrained and expressive of the purpose of the building’. Crust’s design was built around a court of honour and colonnades within which would be inscribed the names of the more than 60,000 Australians who had fallen in the War.
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