Gnuplot Programming Interview Questions and Answers Guide
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Multimedia Systems DCAP303
Multimedia Systems DCAP303 MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Copyright © 2013 Rajneesh Agrawal All rights reserved Produced & Printed by EXCEL BOOKS PRIVATE LIMITED A-45, Naraina, Phase-I, New Delhi-110028 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara CONTENTS Unit 1: Multimedia 1 Unit 2: Text 15 Unit 3: Sound 38 Unit 4: Image 60 Unit 5: Video 102 Unit 6: Hardware 130 Unit 7: Multimedia Software Tools 165 Unit 8: Fundamental of Animations 178 Unit 9: Working with Animation 197 Unit 10: 3D Modelling and Animation Tools 213 Unit 11: Compression 233 Unit 12: Image Format 247 Unit 13: Multimedia Tools for WWW 266 Unit 14: Designing for World Wide Web 279 SYLLABUS Multimedia Systems Objectives: To impart the skills needed to develop multimedia applications. Students will learn: z how to combine different media on a web application, z various audio and video formats, z multimedia software tools that helps in developing multimedia application. Sr. No. Topics 1. Multimedia: Meaning and its usage, Stages of a Multimedia Project & Multimedia Skills required in a team 2. Text: Fonts & Faces, Using Text in Multimedia, Font Editing & Design Tools, Hypermedia & Hypertext. 3. Sound: Multimedia System Sounds, Digital Audio, MIDI Audio, Audio File Formats, MIDI vs Digital Audio, Audio CD Playback. Audio Recording. Voice Recognition & Response. 4. Images: Still Images – Bitmaps, Vector Drawing, 3D Drawing & rendering, Natural Light & Colors, Computerized Colors, Color Palletes, Image File Formats, Macintosh & Windows Formats, Cross – Platform format. 5. Animation: Principle of Animations. Animation Techniques, Animation File Formats. 6. Video: How Video Works, Broadcast Video Standards: NTSC, PAL, SECAM, ATSC DTV, Analog Video, Digital Video, Digital Video Standards – ATSC, DVB, ISDB, Video recording & Shooting Videos, Video Editing, Optimizing Video files for CD-ROM, Digital display standards. -
A Case Study of Software Development in a Virtual Organizational Culture
Free Software: A Case Study of Software Development in a Virtual Organizational Culture Margaret S. Elliott Institute for Software Research University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697 949 824-7202 [email protected] Walt Scacchi Institute for Software Research University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697 949 824-4130 [email protected] April 2003 Abstract This study is part of an ongoing comparative study of various types of open software communities including both free and open source software projects. This study examines how the organizational cultural beliefs and values of a free software virtual organization influence software development processes. It provides examples that illustrate the importance of personal motivation and a sense of working as a team in the perpetuation of a virtual work community. It presents the world of the GNUenterprise.org project as a virtual organizational culture that embodies the beliefs of free software and freedom of choice, and the values of community building and cooperative work. A close study of this project shows how these beliefs and values are manifested in software development methods, artifacts, and tool choice, as well as how dispersed developers cooperate and resolve conflict in a virtual community. Data collection includes the content analysis of Internet Relay Chat archives; kernel cousins archives (summary digests of IRC and mailing list archives); mailing list archives; email interviews; Web site documents and observations; and personal interviews conducted at two open source conferences. Two cases from IRC and mailing list archives of the GNUe virtual community at work are presented for in-depth analyses and comparison. -
This Is a Free, User-Editable, Open Source Software Manual. Table of Contents About Inkscape
This is a free, user-editable, open source software manual. Table of Contents About Inkscape....................................................................................................................................................1 About SVG...........................................................................................................................................................2 Objectives of the SVG Format.................................................................................................................2 The Current State of SVG Software........................................................................................................2 Inkscape Interface...............................................................................................................................................3 The Menu.................................................................................................................................................3 The Commands Bar.................................................................................................................................3 The Toolbox and Tool Controls Bar........................................................................................................4 The Canvas...............................................................................................................................................4 Rulers......................................................................................................................................................5 -
An Introduction to S and the Hmisc and Design Libraries
An Introduction to S and The Hmisc and Design Libraries Carlos Alzola, MS Statistical Consultant 501 SE Glyndon Street Vienna, Va 22180 [email protected] Frank Harrell, PhD Professor of Biostatistics Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine S-2323 Medical Center North Nashville, Tn 37232 [email protected] http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/twiki/bin/view/Main/RS November 16, 2004 ii Updates to this document may be obtained from biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/twiki/pub/Main/RS/sintro.pdf. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 S, S-Plus, R, and Source References ........................... 1 1.1.1 R ........................................... 4 1.2 Starting S .......................................... 4 1.2.1 UNIX/Linux .................................... 4 1.2.2 Windows ...................................... 5 1.3 Commands vs. GUIs .................................... 7 1.4 Basic S Commands ..................................... 7 1.5 Methods for Entering and Saving S Commands ..................... 9 1.5.1 Specifying System File Names in S ........................ 11 1.6 Differences Between S and SAS .............................. 11 1.7 A Comparison of UNIX/Linux and Windows for Running S .............. 18 1.8 System Requirements ................................... 19 1.9 Some Useful System Tools ................................. 19 2 Objects, Getting Help, Functions, Attributes, and Libraries 25 2.1 Objects ........................................... 25 2.2 Getting Help ........................................ 25 2.3 -
Xfig Is a Menu-Driven Tool That Allows the User to Draw and Manipulate Objects Interactively Under the X Window System
XFIG(1) USER COMMANDS XFIG(1) NAME xfig - Facility for Interactive Generation of figures under X11 SYNOPSIS xfig [options][file] DESCRIPTION Xfig is a menu-driven tool that allows the user to draw and manipulate objects interactively under the X Window System. It runs under X version 11 release 4 or higher and requires a two- or three-button mouse. file specifies the name of a file to be edited. The objects in the file will be read at the start of xfig. For a HTML-based xfig reference guide, see the Help menu in xfig or index.html provided with the xfig distribution, usually in the Doc/www directory. There are both English and Japanese versions. When using a two-button mouse use the <Meta> key and the right button at the same time to effect the action of the middle button. Xfig is available via anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/drawingOtools/xfig and usually from ftp://epb1.lbl.gov/xfig . The TransFig package is used when printing or exporting the output from xfig. The fig2dev program from the TransFig package is automatically called by xfig as a back-end processor to produce various types of output: LaTeX fig2dev –L latex translates xfig to LaTeX picture environment commands which can be processed along with other LaTeX commands. Metafont fig2dev –L mf produces Metafont output. PostScript fig2dev –L ps produces an Encapsulated PostScript output. fig2dev –L tk produces a tk output. This is for the tcl/tk tool command language/tool kit package. Canvas objects are generated from the Fig primitives and a toplevel canvas is created. -
Computergrundlagen Graphikbearbeitung Inkscape – GIMP – Xfig
Computergrundlagen Graphikbearbeitung Inkscape – GIMP – Xfig Institut für Computerphysik http://www.icp.uni-stuttgart.de Universität Stuttgart Wintersemester 2017/18 Was ist ein digitales Bild? http://www.icp.uni-stuttgart.de • Bilder selber am Computer gestalten • Bilder am Computer bearbeiten (z.B. von einer Kamera) Wie speichert ein Computer Bilder? Computergrundlagen 2/23 Graphikformate Graphikformate Rastergraphik (Bitmaps) Vektorgraphik SVG, PDF, (Enhanced) verlustfrei verlustbehaftet 3D-Modelle http://www.icp.uni-stuttgart.de Postscript, ... VRML, BMP, TIFF, JPEG POVRAY, PNG, GIF, ... DXF, ... Computergrundlagen 3/23 Unterschiede zwischen Vektor- und Rastergraphik Vektorgraphik Rastergraphik • speichert Objekte (Kreis, • Matrix von Farbinformationen Polygon,...) z.B. von Kamera http://www.icp.uni-stuttgart.de • für Skizzen, Graphen, ... • für Photos, Icons, Logos, ... • beliebig vergrößerbar • begrenzte Auflösung • geringer Platzbedarf bei • Speicherbedarf hängt nicht von geometrischen Objekten der Komplexität ab • verlustfreie Speicherung braucht Platz Computergrundlagen 4/23 Beispiel — ein Graph 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 10 5 0 5 10 PDF, 6.7 KByte PNG, 16.1 KByte http://www.icp.uni-stuttgart.de • typischer Graph aus matplotlib • exakt als Vektorgraphik • Artefakte in JPEG Skizzen oder Graphen als Vektorgraphik! JPEG, 6.7 KByte Computergrundlagen 5/23 Beispiel — ein Photo JPEG, 0.6 MByte PNG, 2.8 MByte http://www.icp.uni-stuttgart.de • Photo sind Rasterdaten • Auflösung durch Sensor begrenzt • ohne Tricks sehr -
Up & Running: PDFLATEX in Miktex 1.09
Up & Running: PDFLATEX in MikTEX 1.09 David Meeker February 25, 1998 1 Configuration I upgraded from MikTEX 1.08 to 1.09 just by downloading and unzipping the distribution files ending in 109 from CTAN. Since I already had the full set of Type1 CM fonts stored in a direc- tory outside my texmf tree, I had to modify \texmf\miktex\config\miktex.environment, line 64 to reflect where I have my fonts. If the whole 1.09 distribution is unpacked as-is, then this modification is probably unnecessary. To ensure that everything is consistent with this change, run configure.exe in same directory. I also discovered that I did not have copies of the files supp-pdf.tex and supp-mis.tex that are necessary to properly include graphics into PDFLATEX files. They can be downloaded off of CTAN from the directory macros/pdftex/graphics/. They should be moved to \texmf\tex\latex\base, where the can be found by PDFLATEX. 2 Running PDFLATEX A few special commands need to be put into your LATEX document so that it will produce PDF correctly. In preamble (just before \begin{document}) you need the following: \pdfcompresslevel=9 Requests full compression of the PDF \pdfoutput=1 Tells the program to produce PDF instead of DVI To get automatic links in your pdf, as well as a table of contents, use the package ‘hyperref’ (available from CTAN in /macros/latex/contrib/supported/hyperref). It is called with \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}, which should be the last package called before \begin{document}. Your document should be compiled at least three times in a row so that all the bookmarks are included properly in the PDF. -
Pencil Documentation Release 2.0.21
Pencil Documentation Release 2.0.21 Pencil Contributors Aug 11, 2017 Contents 1 Stencil Developer Documentation3 1.1 Introduction to Pencil Stencils......................................3 1.2 Preparing the Development Environment................................4 1.3 Tutorial..................................................6 1.4 Reference Guide............................................. 32 2 Developer Documentation 69 2.1 Code Overview.............................................. 69 2.2 Code Style................................................ 70 2.3 Debugging................................................ 70 2.4 Writing Documentation......................................... 70 2.5 The Build System............................................ 71 3 Developer API Documentation 73 3.1 Controller................................................. 73 3.2 Pencil................................................... 73 3.3 CollectionManager............................................ 74 4 Maintainer Documentation 75 4.1 Creating a New Release......................................... 75 5 Indices and tables 77 i ii Pencil Documentation, Release 2.0.21 This documentation is just for stencil developers & Pencil developers at the moment. There is a github issue for adding user documentation. Contents 1 Pencil Documentation, Release 2.0.21 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Stencil Developer Documentation Introduction to Pencil Stencils Overview Pencil controls shapes in its document by mean of stencils. Each stencil (Rectangle, for example) is indeed a template -
Article Linuxgraphic.Org
Titre: Introduction à Sodipodi Article disponible en: Auteur: Olivier Boyaval Logiciel:Sodipodi 0.28 Introduction Sodipodi est un logiciel libre et gratuit faisant partie de la catégorie des programmes de dessin vectoriel. Bien que n'étant encore qu'au stade du développement, il offre déjà un grand nombre de fonctionnalités et une rapidité d'affichage lui permettant d'être utilisable pour réaliser toute sorte de dessin. Il a pour but d'implémenter toutes les fonctions du format de fichier SVG. Aujourd'hui, il ne possède que les fonctions de base décrites dans les spécifications du format SVG. Pour ceux qui ne le connaisse pas, SVG se veut être un standard pour l'échange de données vectorielles fixes ou animées en deux dimensions sur l'internet. Il est basé sur la norme XML et a été créé par le W3C (celui−là même qui spécifie la norme HTML). Spécifications de la norme SVG : Officielle (en anglais) Non officielle (traduite en fançais) Pour Sodipodi le format SVG n'est pas seulement un format pour la sauvegarde des fichiers mais il est également utilisé en interne par l'application. Il est même possible d'éditer les champs XML de l'image au moyen de l'éditeur XML intégré. L'avantage de l'utilisation du format SVG est qu'il facilite l'échange des fichiers avec les autres applications notamment avec Sketch, une autre application libre et gratuite de dessin vectoriel. Un autre avantage est qu'il pourrait devenir le format standard pour réaliser des animations 2D sur internet (actuellement la place est occupée par le format propriétaire "Flash" de la société Macromedia). -
A Short Route to Tgif Pictures
A short route to tgif pictures Daan Reuhman∗ November 20, 2002 1 What’s the problem? For starters, let’s quote the tgif manual page: Tgif is an interactive drawing tool that allows the user to draw and manipulate objects in the X Window system. Although after a while the program is reasonably easy (sic) to operate, beginners are typically somewhat puzzled by the seemingly unusual user interface. With the problems for the uninitiated in mind, this document aims to prevent unnecessary frustration and tries to speed up the learning process. The “getting to know tgif” period is roughly divided into three parts. First, preliminary action is required to get the program to start without complaints. Second, we must get acquainted with the important concepts and definitions in the tgif world. Third, and prick up your ears, we shall draw a real picture. A more detailed breakdown of the learning time yields the following: • getting the X Windows system to run; • defining the so-called meta key; • setting handy default values; • starting tgif; • getting acquainted with the windows; • learning about the modes and objects; • creating objects; ∗With many thanks to William Chia-Wei Cheng for writing the software, and Jaap Haalboom for installing and making tgif work on the Apollos. 1 • typing text; • selecting objects; • moving objects; • copying objects; • deleting objects; • grouping; • save a picture; and • stopping tgif. 2 Before starting tgif Tgif is fully based on the X Windows graphics system. Therefore a form of X graphics server must be running on the local station. The question “how to get X running?” is clearly beyond the scope of this document, but it can certainly be answered by your friendly computer supporter. -
Kirjallisen Työn Pohja
VEKTORIGRAFIIKAN KÄYTTÖ WEB- SUUNNITTELUSSA LAHDEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Tekniikan ala Mediatekniikan koulutusohjelma Tekninen visualisointi Opinnäytetyö Kevät 2015 Johanna Koivuniemi Lahden ammattikorkeakoulu Mediatekniikan koulutusohjelma KOIVUNIEMI, JOHANNA: Vektorigrafiikan käyttö web- suunnittelussa Teknisen visualisoinnin opinnäytetyö, 66 sivua, 3 liitesivua Kevät 2015 TIIVISTELMÄ Opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan vektorigrafiikkaa web-graafikon näkökulmasta. Tarkastelu lähtee muodostamalla yleinen käsitys vektorigrafiikasta sekä sen hyödyistä ja rajoitteista. Opinnäytetyössä käydään läpi erilaisia vektorigrafiikassa käytettyjä tiedostomuotoja sekä tutustutaan vektorigrafiikan käyttöön web-sivus- toilla. Erityisesti keskitytään SVG-formaatin käyttöön. Myös selaintuki on otettu huomioon. Lopuksi käydään läpi muutamia vektorigrafiikan ohjelmistoja ja niiden eroavaisuuksia. Case-osiossa käydään web-grafiikan toteuttamista käytännössä. Casen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaisia vaatimuksia vektorigrafiikkaohjelmiston suhteen todellisuudessa on, kun sitä käytetää web-grafiikan tuottamiseen. Työssä tutkittiin myös millaisia mahdollisuuksia ja rajoitteita on vektorigrafiikan käytössä web-grafiikassa. Casessa toteutettu web-sivusto tehtiin Lahden Seudun Kehitys LADEC Oy:lle. Vektorigrafiikkaohjelmistot muistuttavat käyttöliittymältään paljon toisiaan, mutta niiden käyttö on kuitenkin melko erilaista. Lisäksi käyttöjärjestelmä asettaa rajoit- teita. Myös ohjelmien helppokäyttöisyydessä löytyy eroja. Kaupalliset ohjelmistot ovat ominaisuuksiltaan -
Escuela De Artes – Diseño Gráfico
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN HUMANAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS ESCUELA DE ARTES – DISEÑO GRÁFICO TÍTULO: “ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE SOFTWARE PROPIETARIO Y SOFTWARE LIBRE PARA EL DISEÑO DE ANIMACIÓN DIGITAL 2D” Trabajo presentado como requisito para obtener el título de Licenciado en la especialidad de DISEÑO GRÁFICO Autor: Alex Darwin Aguirre Mendoza Director: Arq. William Quevedo RIOBAMBA –ECUADOR 2015 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN HUMANAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS ESCUELA DE ARTES – DISEÑO GRÁFICO TÍTULO: “ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE SOFTWARE PROPIETARIO Y SOFTWARE LIBRE PARA EL DISEÑO DE ANIMACIÓN DIGITAL 2D” Trabajo presentado como requisito para obtener el título de Licenciado en la especialidad de DISEÑO GRÁFICO Autor: Alex Darwin Aguirre Mendoza Director: Arq. William Quevedo RIOBAMBA –ECUADOR 2015 ____________________ Arq. William Quevedo DIRECTOR DE TESIS ____________________ ____________________ Lic. Paolo Arévalo Lic. Elvis Ruiz PRESIDENTE DEL TRIBUNAL MEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL ii “Yo, Alex Darwina Aguirre Mendoza, soy responsable de las ideas, doctrinas y resultados expuestas en esta la presente Tesis de Grado, con exepción de las citas bibliográficas las cuales se a dado crédito a sus autores y patrimonio intelectual de la misma pertenece a la UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO”. ______________________________ Alex Aguirre M. AUTOR iii CERTIFICACIÓN Que el documento escrito de tesis para obtener el título de Licenciado en Diseño Gráfico cuyo tema es: “ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE