Joan Hagar, USGS-FRESC Judy Li and Janel Sobota, OSU Department of Fish & Wildlife

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Joan Hagar, USGS-FRESC Judy Li and Janel Sobota, OSU Department of Fish & Wildlife Designed to protect AQUATIC resources Riparian habitat is also important for some TERRESTRIAL wildlife species Function of headwater riparian areas as habitat for terrestrial species? Higher abundance and diversity of birds reputed for riparian habitat Emergent aquatic insects may provide a “subsidy” to terrestrial consumers Higher capture rates of some bird species in Trask headwater riparian areas compared to uplands Do aquatic subsidies explain riparian association? Deciduous vegetation supports more arthropod prey than conifers Deciduous tends to flourish streamside, Conifers upslope Pattern less pronounced on high-gradient headwater streams Changes in distribution of arthropod prey in relation to stream size? Relate the distribution of birds along inter- riparian gradients in headwater forests to availability of insect prey • What are riparian- associated birds eating? — Aquatic vs terrestrial arthropods • Does prey availability (Terrestrial and Aquatic) differ between Riparian and Upland habitats? 6 Sites: 2008 2009 GS1 GS1 PH3 PH3 PH2 GS3 PH4 UM3 Swainson’s Thrush, Pacific-slope Flycatcher, Wilson’s Warbler, and Pacific Wren Diet samples collected from birds captured in nets ID fragments in fecal samples to Order; Aquatic vs Terrestrial Stream Streamside and Upland Emergence: Adult Aquatic Malaise: Adult Aquatic Insects and Terrestrial Insects (2x per week) (once per week) What are the birds eating? 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Pac-Slope Flycatcher 0.2 Wilson's Warbler 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Swainson's Thrush 0.2 Pacific Wren 0.1 0.0 Beetles and Flies were popular fare Aquatic emergents (EPT) rare Fruit was important in Swainson’s thrush diet Gradients in arthropod prey availability 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Riparian 30 20 Upland 10 0 *Others: Neuroptera, Psocoptera Biomass of Flying Insects (>2 mm) 1.2 RIPARIAN UPLAND 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 (Mean + S.E.) 0.2 Dry Mass (g)/Week 0.0 2008 2009 Flying Insects (>2 mm <25 mm) in Summer 250 2008 RIPARIAN 200 UPLAND 150 100 50 0 6/26 7/16 8/5 8/25 Flying Insects (>2 mm <25 mm) in Summer 250 2008 RIPARIAN 200 UPLAND 150 100 50 0 6/26 7/6 7/16 7/26 8/5 8/15 8/25 (Mean + S.E.) Individuals/day 250 2009 200 150 100 50 0 6/26 7/6 7/16 7/26 8/5 8/15 8/25 Little evidence of aquatic emergent insects in bird diets Aquatic insects represented small proportion of available prey biomass Terrestrial food resources most important to birds More prey in riparian than upslope samples Distinct riparian vegetation may influence prey abundance Riparian vegetation contributes to aquatic and terrestrial food webs Understory may be helpful in defining management zones .

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Terrestrial Ecology Enhancement
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thethe brantbrant volume 1 friends of dungeness national wildlife refuge winter 2021 Birds of the Refuge: Pacific Wren refuge events by Judith White Tuesday, March 16th Since cave-dwelling at home during the pandemic is turning us into troglodytes, 2:00 p.m.– 3:00 p.m. it seemed timely to write an article about our actual Troglodyte in the Dungeness Birdsf o the Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge—the Pacific Wren (Troglodytes pacificus). This tiny National Wildlife Refuge nondescript brown bird scuttles along the mossy forest floor of moist Pacific with Friend and fellow refuge Northwest coastal coniferous forests. It nests and forages for insects in tree hollows and crevices, earning its genus name Troglodytes (cave-dweller). It is the volunteer Judith White most commonly reported wren in the refuge on eBird, a useful database of bird- Register for this free event ing observations (eBird.org). Some Pacific Wrens stay at the refuge all year, while at www.fodnwr.org many others are “elevation” migrants. They move to higher elevations to breed in summer, favoring insect-rich old growth forests near water sources. Free event via Zoom Space is limited Pacific Wren signing. Photo by Wayne Sladek. While you may find it difficult to get a good view of a Pacific Wren, you can certainly hear them. Their incredible song, complex and high-pitched, has been described as the “pinnacle of song complexity” by Kroodsma (The Condor, 1980). What makes their song so interesting? Like many songbirds, wrens have two voice boxes (called syrinx), one for each side of their lungs.
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Miller, RM: Rich Miller, JMi: Jeannie Mitchell, NMo: Nick Moore, HM: Heather Mor- ris, RMo: Riley Morris, JMu: Joyce Muhic, DN: Duane Nelson, CN: Christian Nunes, RO: Ric Olsen, BPa: Beth Partin, BKP: Brandon K. Percival, MP: Mark Peterson, NP: Nathan Pieplow, JP: Jerry Poe, BPr: Bill Prather, IP: Inez Prather, PP: Philip Pratt, JRa: John Rawinski, LR: Lisa Rawinski, WR: Warner Reeser, BR: Betty Reynolds, SRi: Sue Riffe, RR: Robert Righter, KR: Kim Risen, SRo: Scott Roederer, JRo: Joe Roller, SRu: Saraiya Ruano, GR: Gene Rutherford, IS: Ira Sanders, DSc: Dick Schottler, KSc: Kathy Schupp, SS: Scott Severs, BSh: Bob Shade, KSh: Kelly Shipe, DSh: Doug Shoffner, DSi: David Silverman, CSi: Carol Simmons, RS: Rob Sparks, KSJ: Karl Stecher Jr., BS: Brad Steger, DSt: Dave Steingraeber, LS: Lee Stigen, CSt: Cara Stiles, JS: Jane Stulp, WSz: Walter Szeliga, JT: John Tumasonis, RT: Rich Taylor, AT: Andy Thomson, VT: Van Traun, SW: Sarah Wagner, GW: Glenn Walbek, BW: Brenda Wright, JW: Judie Wright, YVBC: Yampa Valley Bird Club, JZ: Jerry Zink literAture cited Andrews, R., and R. Righter. 1992. Colorado Birds: A Reference to Their Distribution and Habitat. Denver, CO: Denver Museum of Natural History. Chesser, T.R., Banks, R.C., Barker, F.K., Cicero, C., Dunn, J.L., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, Jr., J.V., Rising, J.D., Stotz, D.F., and K. Winker. 2010. Fifty-first Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American Birds. Auk 127(3): 726-744. NWSFO (National Weather Service Forecast Office). 2010. Denver-Boulder, CO Ob- served Weather Reports.
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