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Ανακαλύψτε Τον Παρνασσό Discover Parnassos

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Ανακαλύψτε Τον Παρνασσό Discover Parnassos Ανακαλύψτε ΕΝΗΜΕΡΩΤΙΚΟ ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΔΙΟ τον Παρνασσό BOOKLET DISCOVER PARNASSΟS Ανακαλύψτε τον Παρνασσό DISCOVER PARNASSOS Φορέας Διαχείρισης Εθνικού Δρυμού Παρνασσού Parnassos National Park Management Body Περιεχόμενα Γεωλογία Πανίδα & Κλίμα Contents Fauna Geology 10 20 Ο Παρνασσός Ο Φορέας Χλωρίδα Μανιτάρια Mt Parnassos Management Body Flora Fungi 04 08 16 24 Προτεινόμενες Προστατευόμενες Οικισμοί περιοχές δραστηριότητες Protected areas Settlements Suggested activities 12 26 30 ΜΥΘΟΛΟΓΊΑ HISTORY Mt. experienced the inhuman face of hundreds of Ο Παρνασσός Σύμφωνα με την ελληνική μυθολογία, το βουνό οφείλει MT Parnassos According to archaeological research, Parnassos Mt. people, including many women and children, were το όνομά του στον ήρωα Παρνασσό, ο οποίος είχε κτίσει has been inhabited since the prehistoric period. The executed and whole villages were depopulated and Ο Παρνασσός, το τρίτο ψηλότερο βουνό πάνω στο βουνό μια πόλη. Όταν αυτή καταστράφηκε Parnassos Mt., the third highest moun- broader area is identified as ancient Phocis, which razed to the ground, in retaliation for the resistance από τον κατακλυσμό του Δευκαλίωνα, οι κάτοικοι της, flourished over the centuries. The Persian Wars, the movement of the locals. Apart from the Distomo της Στερεάς Ελλάδας, υψώνεται πάνω ακολουθώντας τις κραυγές των λύκων οδηγήθηκαν tain in Central Greece, stretches from the civil wars that followed, led most cities of Phocis into massacre, which is the most famous example of από την πεδιάδα της Βοιωτίας στα ανα- ψηλότερα για να γλιτώσουν. Εκεί ψηλά, έχτισαν μια plains of Boeotia in the east to the bay of decline. In 198 BC the region was conquered by the Nazi atrocities, executions took place in other villages τολικά και τον κόλπο της Ιτέας στα νο- νέα πόλη την οποία ονόμασαν Λυκώρεια, που σημαίνει Itea in the southeast. Geologically, it is “di- Romans, who were succeeded in the 4th century AD of Parnassos Mt., which were devasted as well, like κραυγές των λύκων. Το όνομα αυτό διασώζεται και by the Byzantines. During medieval times, the area Lilaia, Eptalofos and Vargiani. τιοδυτικά. Η γεωλογία του «χωρίζει» τον σήμερα ελαφρώς παραλλαγμένο (Λιάκουρα ονομάζεται vided” in two parts. Eastern Parnassos of Parnassos Mt. became the target of raids and Παρνασσό σε ανατολικό, με κύριο πέ- η ψηλότερη κορυφή του, ενώ σε δημοτικά τραγούδια Mt. is dominated by limestone. Here we despots (Goths, Bulgarians, Franks, Catalans), until its τρωμα τον ασβεστόλιθο, και χαρακτηρί- ο Παρνασσός αναφέρεται ως Λιάκουρα). meet the highest peaks: Liakoura (2,457 final capture by the Ottoman Turks in the 15th. The klephts and armatoloi of the pre-revolutionary period ζεται από ένα συγκρότημα υψηλών κορ- ΠΡΟΪΣΤΟΡΊΑ – ΊΣΤΟΡΊΑ m), Gerontovrachos (2,396 m), Tsarkos found refuge in the dense forests and inaccessible 1 Part of the fortification of Ancient Tithora at Velitsa or φών Λιάκουρα (2457 μ.), Ο Παρνασσός κατοικούταν ήδη από τα προϊστορικά (2,416 m) and Mavra Litharia (2,327 m). caves of Parnassos Mt. After the Greek Revolution of Tithorea settlement. 2 Mixed fir and oak forest, western Γεροντόβραχος (2396 μ.), Τσάρκος χρόνια, σύμφωνα με αρχαιολογικές σκαπάνες. Η On the contrary, the western part, which 1821, Parnassos Mt. became the field of numerous Parnassos Mt. 3 The legendary “Black Hole”, the refuge ευρύτερη περιοχή του Παρνασσού ταυτίζεται με την and critical clashes (battle of Gravia Inn, battle of cave of Odysseas Androutsos (Velitsa). (2416 μ.), Μαύρα Λιθάρια (2327 μ.), is dominated by flysch rock, is lower Pale( - Αρχαία Φωκίδα, η οποία γνωρίζει μεγάλη άνθιση για 1 Arachova etc.) between the Greeks and the Ottoman 4 Varko seasonal lake in a Greek fir (Abies cephalonica) και σε δυτικό, με κύριο πέτρωμα τον εκατοντάδες χρόνια. Οι Περσικοί και οι Ιεροί πόλεμοι ovouna, 1,650 m) and covered in forests. Turks. During World War II, the villages on Parnassos forest in western Parnassos Mt. φλύσχη, ηπιότερο ανάγλυφο, χαμηλότερο που ακολούθησαν οδήγησαν τις περισσότερες πόλεις που ανήκαν στην Αρχαία Φωκίδα σε παρακμή. Το 198 DESPITE FIRES and overgrazing, the forests of (Παλαιοβούνα, 1650 μ.) και δασωμένο. π.Χ. η περιοχή καταλαμβάνεται από τους Ρωμαίους. Η Parnassos Mt. remain alive and beautiful until today, 5 περιοχή θα αλλάξει πολλά χέρια κατακτητών (Γότθοι, forming a complex ecosystem with a variety of ΤΟ ΟΝΟΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΡΝΑΣΣΟΥ είναι τόσο αρχαίο Βούλγαροι, Φράγκοι, Καταλανοί), μέχρι την κατάκτησή landscapes and habitats, and a rich and rare biodiversity. όσο κι η Ελλάδα, αφού ετυμολογικά, η λέξη Παρνασσός της από τους Τούρκους. Κλέφτες και αρματολοί θα βρουν It hosts numerous monuments of ancient Greece and προέρχεται από τη γλωσσική ρίζα «παρν-» (Νεολιθική καταφύγιο στα πυκνά δάση και τις απρόσιτες σπηλιές, following historical periods. The Oracle of Delphi and Εποχή) και σήμαινε τόπος με πολλά και πυκνά δάση. ενώ οι οπλαρχηγοί οργανώνουν τον ξεσηκωμό του the Temple of Apollo have the most prominent position Τα δάση του Παρνασσού παραμένουν ακόμη ζωντανά Γένους. Όταν ξεσπάει η Επανάσταση, γίνονται πολλές και among them, since it was considered “the navel”, i.e. και πανέμορφα, παρά τις απώλειες από πυρκαγιές και σημαντικές μάχες (η μάχη στο Χάνι της Γραβιάς, η μάχη the center, of the earth in ancient times. υπερβόσκηση. Πρόκειται για ένα σύνθετο οικοσύστημα της Αράχωβας κ.α.). Κατά τη διάρκεια του Β΄ Παγκοσμίου 2 με μια μεγάλη ποικιλία τοπίων και βιοτόπων που Πολέμου οι Γερμανοί κατακτητές κατέστρεψαν χωριά MYTHOLOGY φιλοξενεί μια πλούσια όσο και σπάνια βιοποικιλότητα. και δολοφόνησαν απάνθρωπα πλήθη αθώων μεταξύ According to Greek mythology, Parnassos Mt. is Ο Παρνασσός είναι ένας τόπος με εξαιρετικά μεγάλη των οποίων πολλά γυναικόπαιδα, ως αντίποινα για named after the hero Parnassos, who founded a city πολιτιστική – ιστορική κληρονομιά. Το Ιερό του την αντιστασιακή δραστηριότητα. Χαρακτηριστικότατο with the same name on the mountain. The city was Απόλλωνα και το Μαντείο των Δελφών (που οι αρχαίοι παράδειγμα της αγριότητας των αντιποίνων τους destroyed during the deluge of Deucalion; however, πίστευαν ότι είναι το κέντρο ή ο ομφαλός του κόσμου) αποτελούν οι σφαγές και καταστροφές που έζησε its inhabitants, notified in time by the howling of είναι κάποια από πολλά αρχαία, και όχι μόνο, μνημεία το μαρτυρικό Δίστομο, αλλά και άλλοι οικισμοί του wolves, fled to higher ground and were saved. They που εντοπίζονται σε αυτόν. Παρνασσού, όπως η Λιλαία, ο Επτάλοφος και η Βάργιανη. built there a new settlement in memory of the event, which they named Likoria, meaning “the howling of wolves”. This name survives, slightly varied, at Ο ΦΔΕΔΠ / PHOTO ARCHIVE OF PARNASSOS NPMB PARNASSOS OF ARCHIVE PHOTO / ΦΔΕΔΠ Ο Ι 1 Τμήμα οχύρωσης Αρχαίας Τιθόρας στον οικισμό Βελίτσα ή Τιθορέα. 2 Δάσος Ελάτης-Δρυός, Parnassos Mt. to this day. Apart from its highest : ΑΡΧΕ : Δ. Παρνασσός. 3 Η θρυλική σπηλιά “Μαύρη Τρούπα”, καταφύγιο του Οδυσσέα Ανδρούτσου (Βελίτσα). 3 Ο peak, “Liakoura” is a name also used at some folk 4 4 Εποχική λίμνη στη θέση Βαρκό, μέσα σε δάσος κεφαλληνιακής ελάτης (Abies cephalonica) - Δ. Παρνασσός. ΦΩΤ songs for Parnassos Mt. Συστάδα μαλόκεδρου (Juniperus foetidissima) στη θέση «Μάννα», ΝΑ Παρνασσός. Cluster of stinking juniper trees (Juniperus foetidissima) at Manna position, southeastern Parnassos Mt. Ο ΦΔΕΔΠ / PHOTO ARCHIVE OF PARNASSOS NPMB PARNASSOS OF ARCHIVE PHOTO / ΦΔΕΔΠ Ο Ι : ΑΡΧΕ : Ο ΦΩΤ μέρωση του κοινού με στόχο την ανάδειξη της σπου- Φορέας δαιότητας των ειδών χλωρίδας, πανίδας και οικοτόπων Parnassos Διαχείρισης Για την επίτευξη των στόχων του, ο ΦΔΕΔ Παρνασσού υλο- National Park ποιεί δράσεις έρευνας, περιβαλλοντικής ευαισθητοποίη- σης και φύλαξης της προστατευόμενης περιοχής, με τη Εθνικού Δρυμού συνεργασία δημόσιων, ερευνητικών και τοπικών φορέων. Management 4 Παρνασσού ‣ Η συνεργασία με τα κατά τόπους Δασαρχεία και την Πυ- Body ροσβεστική Υπηρεσία για αρτιότερη φύλαξη και προστα- Ο ΦΟΡΈΑΣ ΔΙΑΧΈΙΡΙΣΗΣ Εθνικού Δρυμού Παρνασ- σία του Παρνασσού, ειδικά την περίοδο πυροπροστασίας 1 Άποψη από τα γραφεία μας και τμήμα του Βοτανικού PARNASSOS NATIONAL PARK Management Body The main objectives of the Body are: Among the main actions to achieve its objectives: σού (ΦΔΕΔΠ) ιδρύθηκε με το N.3044/2002 (ΦΕΚ197/Α) Κήπου. 2 Περιβαλλοντική ενημέρωση – ευαισθητοποίηση (Parnassos NPMB) was established in 2002. It is a ‣ supervision and protection of its Protected Area ‣ collaboration with local Forest Services and the Fire με σκοπό την προστασία και διαχείριση των προστατευ- ‣ Η επιστημονική παρακολούθηση ειδών χλωρίδας, πα- μαθητών στο προαύλιο χώρο του ΦΔΕΔΠ. 3 Από το private legal entity, supervised by the Ministry of and the conservation status of its contained Brigade for better safeguarding and protection of όμενων περιοχών του με την αναγνωρισμένη αξία της νίδας και οικοτόπων η οποία αποτελεί ένα από τα ση- ”Σεμινάριο Μανιταρογνωσίας”, στο πλαίσιο ενημέρωσης – Environment and Energy, governed by an 11-member species and types of habitats Parnassos Mt., especially during the Fire Danger χλωρίδας, της πανίδας, των οικοτόπων, του τοπίου και μαντικότερα εργαλεία για την προστασία του Παρνασ- ευαισθητοποίησης πολιτών (Πνευματικό Κέντρο Αμφίκλειας). board, (composed of representatives from ministries, Period του πολιτισμού. Πρόκειται για Νομικό Πρόσωπο Ιδιωτι- σού και εκτελείται στο πλαίσιο του έργου “Παρακολου- 4 Διάσχιση μονοπατιού «Τιθορέα – Σπηλιά Οδ. Ανδρούτσου» στο agencies, local authorities, NGOs and by experts). ‣ enhancing the safeguarding of the area in κού Δικαίου (Ν.Π.Ι.Δ.) που εποπτεύεται από το Υπουργείο θηση τύπων οικοτόπων και ειδών” πλαίσιο του
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