Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Rhachodesmoidea): Description of Tiphallus Torreon N
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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2015 A contribution on the Middle American milliped family Rhachodesmidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Rhachodesmoidea): description of Tiphallus torreon n. sp., the first species from Coahuila, Mexico; first records from Belize; and depiction of the (super)familial distribution Rowland M. Shelley North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, [email protected] Ancelmo Orona Espino Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-UJED, [email protected] Miguel Ángel Gallegos Robles Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia-UJED, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Shelley, Rowland M.; Espino, Ancelmo Orona; and Robles, Miguel Ángel Gallegos, "A contribution on the Middle American milliped family Rhachodesmidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Rhachodesmoidea): description of Tiphallus torreon n. sp., the first species from Coahuila, Mexico; first records from Belize; and depiction of the (super)familial distribution" (2015). Insecta Mundi. 928. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/928 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0423 A contribution on the Middle American milliped family Rhachodesmidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Rhachodesmoidea): description of Tiphallus torreon n. sp., the fi rst species from Coahuila, Mexico; fi rst records from Belize; and depiction of the (super)familial distribution Rowland M. Shelley Research Laboratory North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences MSC #1626 Raleigh, NC 27699-1626 U.S.A. Ancelmo Orona Espino Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-UJED Avenida Universidad S/N Fracc. Filadelfi a Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico Miguel Ángel Gallegos Robles Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia-UJED Ej. Venecia S/N Carretera Gómez Palacio-Tlahualilo, Km 35 Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico Date of Issue: June 5, 2015 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Rowland M. Shelley, Ancelmo Orona Espino, Miguel Ángel Gallegos Robles A contribution on the Middle American milliped family Rhachodesmidae (Poly- desmida: Leptodesmidea: Rhachodesmoidea): description of Tiphallus torreon n. sp., the fi rst species from Coahuila, Mexico; fi rst records from Belize; and depiction of the (super)familial distribution Insecta Mundi 0423: 1–10 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF634B2F-ECFD-4945-B6BB-AA929025415E Published in 2015 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. 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Nearns 0423: 1–10 2015 A contribution on the Middle American milliped family Rhachodesmidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Rhachodesmoidea): description of Tiphallus torreon n. sp., the fi rst species from Coahuila, Mexico; fi rst records from Belize; and depiction of the (super)familial distribution Rowland M. Shelley Research Laboratory North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences MSC #1626 Raleigh, NC 27699-1626 U.S.A. [email protected] Ancelmo Orona Espino Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-UJED Avenida Universidad S/N Fracc. Filadelfi a Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico [email protected] Miguel Ángel Gallegos Robles Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia-UJED Ej. Venecia S/N Carretera Gómez Palacio-Tlahualilo, Km 35 Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico [email protected] Abstract. Tiphallus torreon n. sp., the fi rst rhachodesmid milliped from Coahuila, Mexico, displays an iridescent turquoise pigmentation with patterned white paranotal markings and a truncated, subapical projection from the broad, non-descript gonopodal acropodite. Four genera – Strongylodesmus Saussure, Mexidesmus Loomis, and Ceuthauxus and Tiphallus, both by Chamberlin – contain forms exhibiting this general condition, but the last is the only one whose type species does. Synthetic treatments are essential to advance familial knowledge beyond the descriptive stage, and revising these four taxa would constitute a meaningful initial study. Rhachodesmidae extend from northern Nuevo León, Mexico, ca. 77 km (48 mi) from the Rio Grande, to central Costa Rica; Glo- meridae (Glomerida), Platydesmidae (Platydesmida), and Stemmiulidae (Stemmiulida) show similar distributions whereas Allopocockiidae (Spirobolida) and Rhysodesmus Cook (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) traverse the river and occupy southernmost Texas. Tridontomidae, the other component of Rhachodesmoidea, occupies a small enclave in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Rhachodesmidae/oidea do not occur in Panama and are initially recorded from Belize; localities are needed from Honduras. Key words: acropodite, Central America, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Nuevo León, Rio Grande, Tamau- lipas, Texas. Introduction The Mexico/Central American milliped family Rhachodesmidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Rha- chodesmoidea) is known for its anatomical diversity and striking colors; along with white, vivid hues of red, yellow, orange, blue, turquoise, and green adorn many of its species (Loomis and Hoffman 1962, Loomis 1976, Hoffman 1982). Body forms vary from subjuliform to fl attened, and males lack gonopodal cannulae, the prefemoral fossas usually being enlarged and fringed with hairs. Rhachodesmidae is one of three leptodesmidean families that is endemic to the isthmus connecting North and South America; Tridontomidae, the other component of Rhachodesmoidea, and Holistophallidae are the others. Along with six spirobolidan taxa, they may have originated in what Keeton (1960), for Spirobolidae (Spi- robolida), termed the “northern Mexican Highlands,” defi ned by Shelley and Floyd (2014) as parts or 1 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0423, June 2015 SHELLEY ET AL. all of Aguascalientes, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas states. A fourth regional leptodesmidean family, Sphaeriodesmidae, has spread northward into the southcentral/eastern United States (US/USA) and also inhabits Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba, and Guadeloupe in the Antilles (Chamberlin 1918, 1922a, b; Loomis 1936, 1937, 1968, 1975; Causey 1958; Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958; de la Torre Y Callejas 1974; Mauriès 1980; Hoffman 1980, 1999; González Oliver and Golovatch 1990; Golovatch and González Oliver 1993; Pérez-Asso and Pérez- Gelabert 2001; Shelley