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Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta ANNEX Ig

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Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta ANNEX Ig Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta ANNEX Ig. Nembe (Ogbolomabiri): Biophysical Report A report by the independent IUCN - Niger Delta Panel (IUCN-NDP) to the Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd of Nigeria (SPDC) August 2013 1 About IUCN IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN’s work focuses on valuing and conserving nature, ensuring effective and equitable governance of its use, and deploying nature-based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and development. IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world, and brings governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,200 government and NGO Members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. www.iucn.org Au sujet de l’UICN L’UICN, l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature, aide à trouver des solutions pratiques aux problèmes de l’environnement et du développement les plus pressants de l’heure. Valoriser et conserver la nature, assurer une gouvernance efficace et équitable de son utilisation, et développer des solutions basées sur la nature pour relever les défis mondiaux du climat, de l'alimentation et du développement, tels sont les domaines dans lesquels s'exercent les activités de l'UICN. L’Union soutient la recherche scientifique, gère des projets dans le monde entier et réunit les gouvernements, les ONG, l’ONU et les entreprises en vue de générer des politiques, des lois et de bonnes pratiques. L’UICN est la plus ancienne et la plus grande organisation mondiale de l’environnement. Elle compte plus de 1 200 Membres, gouvernements et ONG, et près de 11 000 experts bénévoles dans quelque 160 pays. Pour mener à bien ses activités, l’UICN dispose d’un personnel composé de plus de 1 000 employés répartis dans 45 bureaux et bénéficie du soutien de centaines de partenaires dans les secteurs public, privé et ONG, dans le monde entier. www.uicn.org Acerca de la UICN La UICN, la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, contribuye a encontrar soluciones pragmáticas para los principales desafíos ambientales y de desarrollo que enfrenta el planeta. El trabajo de la Unión se centra en valorar y conservar la naturaleza, en asegurar la gobernanza efectiva y equitativa en su utilización, y en la aplicación de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza a los desafíos globales en el clima, la alimentación y el desarrollo. La UICN apoya la investigación científica, gestiona proyectos de campo en todo el mundo, y reúne a los gobiernos, las ONG, las Naciones Unidas y las empresas con miras a desarrollar políticas, legislación y prácticas óptimas. La UICN es la organización medioambiental más antigua y más grande del mundo, con más de 1200 Miembros, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, además de unos 11.000 expertos voluntarios en cerca de 160 países. Para su labor, la UICN cuenta con el apoyo de un personal compuesto por más de 1000 empleados, repartidos en 45 oficinas, y cientos de asociados de los sectores público, no gubernamental y privado de todo el mundo. www.uicn.org 2 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2013 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: IUCN Niger – Delta Panel, 2013. Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta. Main Report including recommendations for the future. A report by the independent IUCN - Niger Delta Panel (IUCN-NDP) to the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC). January 2013. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1617-6 Cover photos: Image of the Niger Delta from space (courtesy of NASA), with community (first line (all by Alex Chindah) and main habitats overlain (second line from top left to right: lowland forest (Alex Chindah); freshwater (Alex Chindah); barrier islands (Friday Idogiye Amain); and mangroves (nigerdeltarising.org). Layout by: Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team Produced by: IUCN–Niger Delta Panel Printed by: IUCN Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Business and Biodiversity Programme (BBP) Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0002 [email of appropiate programme/person] www.iucn.org/publications 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF PLATES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................... 9 LIST OF PANEL MEMBERS ...................................................................................... 12 PREFACE ..................................................................................................................... 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 14 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 17 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA ............................................................... 17 1.2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EA IN NIGERIA ... 21 1.2.1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY .......................................................... 22 1.2.2 NATIONAL EFFLUENT LIMITATION REGULATION ....................................... 23 1.2.3 POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN INDUSTRIES AND FACILITIES GENERATING WASTES REGULATION ..................................................................................................... 23 1.2.4 MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND SOLID WASTES REGULATION .... 23 1.2.5 LAND USE ACT ....................................................................................................... 23 1.2.6 FORESTRY ACT ....................................................................................................... 23 1.2.7 CRIMINAL CODE .................................................................................................... 23 1.2.8 CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ....................... 23 1.2.9 NUCLEAR SAFETY AND RADIATION PROTECTION ACT .............................. 24 1.2.10 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND GUIDELINES .............................. 24 1.2.11 NATIONAL REGULATORY BODIES ................................................................. 25 2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 27 2.1 SAMPLING STRATEGY ................................................................................... 27 2.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION .................................................................................... 28 2.2.1 WATER SAMPLES ................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 SEDIMENT ................................................................................................................ 28 2.2.3 SOIL SAMPLES ......................................................................................................... 28 2.2.4 PLANKTON (PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON) .......................... 29 2.2.5 BENTHOS .................................................................................................................. 29 2.2.6 BIOTA......................................................................................................................... 29 2.3 LABORATORY ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 30 2.3.1 WATER SAMPLES ................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................ 32 4 2.3.3 PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON ..................................................... 33 2.3.4 BENTHOS .................................................................................................................. 33 2.3.5 SOIL SAMPLES ......................................................................................................... 33 2.4 QUALITY/ASSURANCE CONTROL ............................................................... 34 3. RESULTS
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