Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta ANNEX Ig. Nembe (Ogbolomabiri): Biophysical Report A report by the independent IUCN - Niger Delta Panel (IUCN-NDP) to the Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd of Nigeria (SPDC) August 2013 1 About IUCN IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN’s work focuses on valuing and conserving nature, ensuring effective and equitable governance of its use, and deploying nature-based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and development. IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world, and brings governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. 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Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: IUCN Niger – Delta Panel, 2013. Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta. Main Report including recommendations for the future. A report by the independent IUCN - Niger Delta Panel (IUCN-NDP) to the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC). January 2013. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1617-6 Cover photos: Image of the Niger Delta from space (courtesy of NASA), with community (first line (all by Alex Chindah) and main habitats overlain (second line from top left to right: lowland forest (Alex Chindah); freshwater (Alex Chindah); barrier islands (Friday Idogiye Amain); and mangroves (nigerdeltarising.org). Layout by: Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team Produced by: IUCN–Niger Delta Panel Printed by: IUCN Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Business and Biodiversity Programme (BBP) Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0002 [email of appropiate programme/person] www.iucn.org/publications 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF PLATES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................... 9 LIST OF PANEL MEMBERS ...................................................................................... 12 PREFACE ..................................................................................................................... 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 14 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 17 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA ............................................................... 17 1.2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EA IN NIGERIA ... 21 1.2.1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY .......................................................... 22 1.2.2 NATIONAL EFFLUENT LIMITATION REGULATION ....................................... 23 1.2.3 POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN INDUSTRIES AND FACILITIES GENERATING WASTES REGULATION ..................................................................................................... 23 1.2.4 MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND SOLID WASTES REGULATION .... 23 1.2.5 LAND USE ACT ....................................................................................................... 23 1.2.6 FORESTRY ACT ....................................................................................................... 23 1.2.7 CRIMINAL CODE .................................................................................................... 23 1.2.8 CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ....................... 23 1.2.9 NUCLEAR SAFETY AND RADIATION PROTECTION ACT .............................. 24 1.2.10 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND GUIDELINES .............................. 24 1.2.11 NATIONAL REGULATORY BODIES ................................................................. 25 2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 27 2.1 SAMPLING STRATEGY ................................................................................... 27 2.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION .................................................................................... 28 2.2.1 WATER SAMPLES ................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 SEDIMENT ................................................................................................................ 28 2.2.3 SOIL SAMPLES ......................................................................................................... 28 2.2.4 PLANKTON (PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON) .......................... 29 2.2.5 BENTHOS .................................................................................................................. 29 2.2.6 BIOTA......................................................................................................................... 29 2.3 LABORATORY ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 30 2.3.1 WATER SAMPLES ................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................ 32 4 2.3.3 PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON ..................................................... 33 2.3.4 BENTHOS .................................................................................................................. 33 2.3.5 SOIL SAMPLES ......................................................................................................... 33 2.4 QUALITY/ASSURANCE CONTROL ............................................................... 34 3. RESULTS