P R E F A E C .

T H ERE a re some cha racters in E nglish politica l life whose place as m akers of history is well

e n e bu t f o ot e cau ses oste t has d fi d , r m h r p ri y well n igh fo rgotten th e impo rta n t pa rt they a e a n d t e e o es ave cease to pl y d , h ir m m ri h d oc u h u n In th f of o n c py t e p blic mi d . e li e J h

o ton sc o a ecc es ast c a nd sta tes an we M r , h l r, l i i , m ,

ave suc a v ct c cu stan es sto ans h h i im to ir m c . H i ri ’ ” ave e as se ance o o ton s Fork h mph i d Ch ll r M r , a nd lost sight o f the ma n who pu t an end to c v war an d u n te for eve th e va fact ons i il , i d r ri l i h of t e White a nd Red Roses. Although he was th e most rema rkable E nglishma n of th e la tter half o f the fifteen th cen tur an d se ve his co un t ost fa t fu y, r d ry m i h lly a nd ably ; y et the Reforma tion of the si xteen th cen tu t its est uct on of anc en t usa es ry, wi h d r i i g ,

e ous ouses a nd ecc es ast ca o nu en ts r ligi h , l i i l m m , ec se the n f its ea test men lip d memory of o e o gr . It is too often forgotten that the fifteen th vi L IFE or J OH N MORTON .

ce n tu r n vente n t n and t the mu t y i d pri i g, , wi h l i ca t o n o f oo s so e th e see of the pli i b k , w d d efo a t on f the s xte n t c ntu It is R rm i o i e h e ry. so lem n ly asserted that for several generations

o ur const tu t on was in a e ance law was i i b y ,

d s e a e ea n n and e on e e a t t e i r g rd d, l r i g r ligi w r h ir

o est e ene ac a uses of all n s a o un e l w d g r y, b ki d b d d , a nd tha t even the freer spirit and reformi ng t e n dencies ex hibited by the Chu rch were owi ng to the di visions and consequent weakness which

bot n s an s s en even h Ki g d Pope di pla yed . Wh

th e oo is ex a ne the ev t e e is eason g d pl i d by il , h r r

t su s o pect prej udice and perve rsion . The su bj ect of this m emoir is the pri ncipal V lctm‘l of this ha rd a nd un merited sentence of

’ o b v on . H e ma e th e u o nast a nd li i d T d r Dy y, h is n a e is u e u n his own ea n m b ri d der cr tio . Sir Tho mas M o re is sa id to be the first writer ” o f o e n n s but it was a na o ton m d r E gli h , C rdi l M r w h o ot su e n ten e h is e ucat on se n t b h p ri d d d i , him t o co e e and afte a s e o e in h is ll g , rw rd mpl y d him se v ce and ose e a a e na at ves and r i , wh r m rk bl rr i c on versations are supposed to be th e Arch ’ b s o s wn s i h p o word .

efo e t en it is sou t to e ace th e B r , h , gh r pl Ca rdi nal on the pedestal of his own self- made os t on let it be conce e t at o n o ton p i i , d d h j h M r PREFACE. vfi

was f o ea ea s a st n u s e man a r m rly y r di i g i h d ,

o u a ma n a nd a ma n e ov e a t O xfo . p p l r , b l d rd H e was th e chief civ il a nd ecclesias tical la wye r

f h is w f o t es. H e as a n act v e ma n o us n ess im i b i , a n d a e n e t at H e was th t ust f n bl go i or. e r ed rie d a u n V s c a f his n d co ncillo r of H e ry I. (e pe i lly o

u n V n n VII ee of a I . a d of e Q ), Edw rd , H ry ’ a n d if a es ea e s a is co ect h e was Sh k p r pl y rr ,

u nc f V d un h a co o o a . an te t e v ill r Edw rd , i d ri l

as fact ions of York and Lanc ter. S u ch a life deserves the most ca reful trea t In ment a t th e ha nds of th e biographer. a ttempti ng to do him j u stice my i ndebted ness to th e followi ng is gratefu lly a ckn owledged The au thorities o f the British M useu m Readi ng Room a n d the Archbishop of Ca n terbury for references to the L ambeth L ibra ry ; his li nea l

- l s u escen a n t . . an se Ple del e P d d , J C M l y , E q ir , L for u se of H en r VI! P r in ce A r t/cu r a n d y ,

Ca r din a l fil or ton th e R ev . . oz e , by T M l y , ’ an d o n Bu dden s B io r a /zzkal Skate/z M . A . , j h g p ’ - Ca r din a l M or ton t . a nse Ple dell s of , wi h Mr M l y ’ '

eface . tc en s ecent wo Ooedzen tia r pr ; Dr Ki h r rk, y ’ l t/mn W n c/tester L a n ca ter R l s . wi s i s o of S S , ’ a n d Yor k . . Ra sa utc ns , by Sir j H m y ; H hi '

Dor set Studen t s H islo o E n la nd . i f g , by M

. a ne E l Recor d TIze Ch r on icle S R. G rdi r ; y s ; viii LIFE OF OH N MORTON J .

' o . H a r d in anc s acon H istor o f j y g ; Fr i B , y f ' V ] E n la n d a r n H en ry I . of g F bya n s C o y cle ;

. s The A r chitectur a l H istor . . R Willi , y ; R C ’ J enki ns Ca nter hu ry M emoir s of Sir Thomas ’ M or e Dea n H ook s L ives of the A r ehhish ops ’ Ca rdinal Bonaven tura s hf ir r on r of the B lessed L ife of j esus Ch r ist; L ife a n dR eig nof E dwa r d '

a nd R icha r d . a e . oo s V. by Ed H ll ; A W d A ntient a nd P r esen t State of the Colleges a nd ' H a lls of the Un iver sity of Oxf br d ; J eaffreson s ’ A n na ls of Oxf or d ; J ohn Ayliffe s The A n tient a n d P r esent State of the Un iver sity of Oxf or d ’ Brodrick s H istory of the Un zver sity of Oxf or d ’ E chs o h u r ch H is r u po f C to y C . Pl mmer s E liza betha n Ox or d ood Su rve the f W , y of

A n ti u ities Ox or d a o Al a n user t q of f M d w, io

Al ater ia ls . te venson a u e ent to the W S , S ppl m ’ st n f ent am s H ist r a nd fir editio o Mr. B h o y A ntiqu ities of the Cathedr al a n d Conven tua l

Ch ur ch E l . s A Su rve the of y ; B Willi . y of Cathedr a ls of Yor h and Du r ha m J a mes ’ B entham s The H istory and A ntiqu ities of the L te H ist r hurch o E l . . ax e o C f y ; H C M w ll y , y of the Un iversity of Oxf or d; Gr afton Chr on ie/es; ’ H all s Ch r on icle P aston L etter s H arley and ' e s Uto ia A . . een Cotton MSS . ; Mor p ; S Gr , t n tu r Town L ife in the F if teen h Ce y . PREFACE. ix

’ In J ohn Budden s L ife of A r chhishop

M or ton on th e t t e a e he is esc e as , i l p g , d rib d Reverendissimi Pa tris ac Domi n i J oha n n is

M orton i Cantuariensis o c e sco , lim Ar hi pi pi ,

a n n ae Cancelaru trium e u Con M g i A gli . R g m siliart v ruden tissimi o timi ue v ta j , iri p , p q , i ” obitu u A c n f o sq e . nd this des riptio is oll wed by a quota tion Quu m maiorum imagi nes intuemur veh ementissime tum an us ad , im

t n ello l u u r th . virtutem accenditur (Salus . i h g

‘ E RN A RD: N DREA; Vrt a EN RI V I B A H CI I .

D 1 8 A. . 4 7.

A l r a ex F r a ncia le atio te g .

N ec on e ost Ch ristianissimi Fra ncoru m l g p ,

e s a o Octavi elo u en tissimus o ato r gi K r li q r r,

Ga uin us o n s Sa n ctae n tat s ene a s g , rdi i Tri i i g r li , u na cu m Francisco domi no de L uxemburgo e t cla rissimis colle is su s ad e em g i , r g

‘ nostrum pacis foedera supplicantes h onorifice ‘ adven run t. u us ost luculentam ora e Q ib , p tionem qua u t dix i pacem et amicitiam pre

‘ In th ater ials the R eam H enr V e M of l of y IA. edited

ames Gairdncr 1 8 8 . . by J , 5 , p 55 B an in M l k S.

u . Q is, M S L IFE OF OH N M RT N J O O .

caba ntur ze e o ze reverendissimus Ca r , pi m m ri dina lis Can tuariensis disertissime prudentissi meque in hanc respo ndit sententia m Regia m sublimita tem exemplo Salvatoris nostri pacis semper fu isse studississimam ; veru m pacem ha be ri non posse n isi propulsa ta i nju ria et con tumelia bella ue eo moveri so ta ut s ne ; q li , i i nj u ri a i n pace vivantur Qua re Gallorum regem us reddere e e e ua sua sun t e nost o pri d b r q r gi r , oste a ace ete e His ita rotractis rex p p m p r p , in c nsulta tio n m r m i sa m an o e e p posu it. T dem inte r cos decretum est u t si tributum non solve re nt e u in illos r v tr r , b ll m b e i s uc etur. L O F O TAB E C NTE NTS .

C HAPTE R I.

H ts EAR LY L I E F ,

C HAPTE R II.

AT BAL L IOL OL L E GE OX OR D C , F , N ote—On L earn n i g,

C HAPTE R III.

As A L AWYE R AN D A PR tvv COUN C IL LOR ,

N ote I. Th e Court of Arc es h ,

II. o n M orton at Oxfor J h d ,

III. Ecc es a st ca Or a n sa t on l i i l g i i ,

IV. Th e M arr a e of Pr ests i g i , ’ Th e Du e of Rutla nd s M SS V . k

VI. C v Wa r i il ,

II. Th e K n a nd Law V i g ,

CHAPTE R IV.

As MASTE R or TH E Rom s ,

R C HAPTE V .

B xsn op or E LY, ' N ote Ia . E xtracts from Ben t am s E l h y , Io Ban uet at th e In sta at on . q ll i ,

II. Th e Pa ston Letters,

III. Am u sem en ts ,

IV. S rit of th e Town s pi , CONTEN TS.

CHAPTE R VI.

J OR N M ORTON AND t n AR n III

C HAPTE R VII.

Lo an CRAN cE LL OR MORTON , 77 ' N ote—Va ue of Mon e in Henr V L s Da s l y y I y , 90

CHAPTE R VIII.

Axc n ntsn or or CAN TE RB URY,

N ot I. Can terbur e y ,

II. Borou Pr v e es and th K n gh i il g e i g, ’ III. Th e C urch s Pla e h c , I Eccles ast cal Tenants d V. i i an their Priv e es il g ,

APPENDIX.

P R PATE N T RoL L s ( unLtc acoan Ou nce),

HARL EY ROLLs,

’ STL L As u s or Rvn s a s Fa nE RA,

CAL E N DAR or SPAN ISH STATE PAPER S, RE c t sTER or JOR N M ORTON As Aacn ntsn or AT s L AN EE TR PALAc , 1 5 2

L i sT or PRERER E EN Ts, 1 64

GE N EAL OOtcAL TRE E , E nd of B ook LIFE OF HN RT N JO MO O .

A 1 C H PTE R .

H IS E A R L Y L IF E .

TH E hou se in which J oh n M o rton was bo rn is st sta n n and is s tuate on th e o n e ill di g, i d Milb r Styleham side of the ri ver which di v ides the a et f e n w in h h ml ro m Milborn S . A dre t e co un ty o f set Un t ece n t s t n f h Dor . il r ly thi por io o t e v a e was ecc es ast ca un te to e e bu t ill g l i i lly i d B r , su pported its o wn poo r a nd roads by the u sua a tes It is u nfo tunate t at the a s l r . r h P ri h e ste s of e e e s e e u nt in 1 88 R gi r B r R gi w r b r 7 , an d no exact reco rd remai n s of the date of his t a nd a t s ost o a h e was bir h b p i m . M pr b bly o n a out h ea 1 2 b r b t e y r 4 0. H i f of n s a t e c a o ton o e . h r, Ri h rd M r , Milb r S n e a e za et au te of c a A dr w, m rri d Eli b h , d gh r Ri h rd Turb v a n w ur ille and Cecilia Beauch mp. J oh as th e e est of five son s the ou n est of o ld , y g wh m ,

o a n o ton a so st n u s e se f. Sir R wl d M r , l di i g i h d him l 1 LIFE OF OH N MORT N 2 J O .

‘ a n sa s t a t h e was of ea n a e nta e but R pi y h m p r g , t s is a a a e e o for his a ncesto s e e hi p lp bl rr r, r w r o wners of land fro m the close of the thirtee n th ce n tu in ott n a s e a d o as ry N i gh m hir , n Sir Th m o ton of o ton was e ff of ott n a M r , M r , Sh ri N i gh m a n d e in 1 6 and L eu tena nt of ott n D rby 3 4, i N i g in 1 man wh ha sen as h a m Castle 374 . A o d ri ’ ra pidly in the ki ng s favour as J ohn M orton was su e to a e an e ne es a nd one did , r m k m y mi ; ’ o f the fa vourite ways of detracting from a ma n s at i h s His a n gre ness s to v ilify is ancesto r . gr d fa ther was the first possessor of an estate in Do sets e c is e his nea de r hir , whi h h ld by li l ’ scendan ts to t s da and it was u on t s hi y , p hi e sta te in a co unt ouse c is st stan , ry h whi h ill d in t a t th e fu tu e ca na was o n e t e in g, h r rdi l b r , i h r

1 20 or so e sa in 1 1 0. 4 , , m y , 4 H is e uca t on was e un at e ne e d i b g C r Abb y , It was where his u ncle was most likely prior. a t t s u et s o t en a a a st the s hi q i p , hidd w y mid hill of o set t at the see s of his futu e ea tness D r , h d r gr were sown and the taste imparted for the life f an c ast Th a ut ne of the o ec lesi ic. e d ily ro i cloister was much the same all over E ngla nd a nd the t n n Th a e at e ne be con i e t. e bb y C r

1 The s e of the Mortons was red and erm ne and hi ld i , ' bore two oats ea s of s ver erased w th o en orns g h d , il , , i g ld h ’ ( Dudden s Life). n l See Ge ea ogical Tree. m EAR Y IFE s L L .

on e to the en e ct ne o e a nd t e l g d B di i rd r, h ir benefice nt i n fl uence on th e sl ow a nd pai n ful developmen t of E u rope is no w fa irly u nde r stoo an d a ec at d ppr i ed . Yet it is righ t to say that neithe r a re the wea k sides of these great i n sti tu ti o ns e xactly at t e ave een esc e to be nor a re wh h y h b d rib d , their excellencies a ltogether as imagi natio n may

a ve a n te t e . The ene ct ne ou ses h p i d h m B di i h , ateve e se t e e e ce ta n e e the wh r l h y w r , r i ly w r sacred a nd shel tered spo ts in which the la ws of c v se fe e e st o e e a nd o e a n d i ili d li w r fir b y d , rd r self- con trol preached in th e ea rs o f the ignoran t a n d s va In t a e a ge wo rld of th e West. heir e rli r ‘ times the monks taught E urope to practise a cu tu e not to es se it fo r t t e gri l r , d pi , wi h h ir own ha nds they set the example ; they girt up their loi ns a nd buil t the best houses that had ever been seen in th e north of E urope ; they ’ transfo rmed th e hu n ter s woodla n d wilderness i n to smili ng a nd fru i tfu l fields ; they made it possible for men to have food enough in equable su t out ecou se to the t a and n et or pply, wi h r r r p , ’ a c e s s r h r kill . In th e twelfth a nd thirteen th centu ries they led the van in a ts a n d e a stu es i r lib r l di . It s to

Bene ct of N ursin the foun er o rn 80 e di , d , b 4 , di d 54 3 at Monte Cas no w ere he esta s th first m i , h bli hed e onastery of the or er d . L IFE OF OH N M RT N 4 J O O . the skill of their scribes and the a rts of their sc ripto ria that we o we the reproduction of the lite ra ry treasures which co nnec t us wi th our n of th stant as It was t brethre e di p t. heir walls a nd the sanct t of t e c u c es and , i y h ir h r h c u n t es t at otecte and ese ve h o mm i i , h pr d pr r d t e no est effo ts of the u a n n a nd e t bl r h m mi d, k p alive the fla me of intellectual life through ages as a as t e ave een ca which were d rk h y h b lled. “ As t e ent on the ene ct nes d im w , B di i e veloped also a skill and taste for the more us ss f f e practical b i ne o li e. Th y were always (as a matter of co mpa riso n )counted to be good n o s who not exact an nto e a la dl rd , did i l r ble tribute in rent or prod uce from those who tilled s A s t e ouses e their fa rm . h ir h wer great places o f eso t v s te t ave e s f om far cou nt r r , i i d by r ll r r ries e as nces and rclates e c an ts as w ll by pri p , m r h a d s t e ea n t how to ea in fo e n n pilgrim , h y l r d l r ig co o t es of eve n a nd e e in a wa mm di i ry ki d, w r , y , ” n s f o e n co e c foreru n er o m d r mm r e. It was under the hospitable roof at the Abbey of Cerne tha t J oh n M orton recei ved the classic education which brought him so m uch distinc xfo and in the zen t of his ow tion a t O rd, , i h p er s o of ante u ena e as Archbi h p C rb ry, bl d him to successfully grapple wi th the difficulties of his a no s and ea ut f ot a nte ur man y m r , b i y b h C rb y Cathedral and the archiepiscopal palace at 1113 EARLY L IFE.

La et It was e a n a u e t a t mb h . h re th t J oh cq ir d h po we r of organ isa tion a nd a dmin istration that placed him in the forefront of th e cha ncellors of n an E gl d . In those days there were few well -ordered commun ities of admin istra tive completeness suc as a s In h reigned wi thi n the convent w ll . n o other places was such an exact sub-di vision of a o u to be met t nor suc a ac l b r wi h , h pl id ’ se uenc ut n Th n s was in q e of ro i e. e ki g court co a son bu s o an s It ove mp ri t lightly rg i ed . m d f o ace to ace and ost the a vanta e of a r m pl pl , l d g sea t u n n The feu a ed changi g mode of life. d l o who was in so e wa s the nea est a a e l rd , m y r p r ll l , ve ca e ess and ofuse a nd his cast e was a li d r l pr , l scene of ou -o e e ent secu e often r gh , ill rd r d pl y, r d in an u nsc u u ous a nne The c v c com r p l m r. i i

' mu n ities had as yet compa ra tively li ttle of the

co on fe and a n ste e f w estates. mm li , dmi i r d e O n the ot e an the st on o an sat on of h r h d, r g rg i i the e ous ouses the sub- v s on of res on r ligi h , di i i p sibilit the custo of e an n and ca efu y , m d m di g r lly au t n the ea accounts of the of ce s and di i g y rly fi r , the e u a t of us ness a ts co ne to r g l ri y b i h bi , mbi d make the monasteries patterns a fter which a ette o e s o ca n n Th b r rd r l wly me i to bei g. ey e e feu a o s f ee f o th e nconven ence w r d l l rd , r r m i i of feudal vassalage and consequent devastati ng a fa t n w r re. Wi hi the walls an d cloistered a bbeys 6 LIFE OF J Oi i N MORTON . pea ce reigned ; fro m the ir sta tely ch urches the so u nd of praye r a nd pra ise ever rose ; their ga tes were always open to the pilgrim and the tra vel e and os ta t and ot e n ness l r, h pi li y br h rly ki d so ftened in man y ways the ha rsh i ncidence of f a n u a nd s t eud l te re ba rba rou cus oms. Perhaps it will be well to lift the veil that s ou e his ou n fe a nd tr and see h ow hr d d y g li , y st a n t cu tu e a nd custo e e to ou Chri i i y, l r m h lp d m ld th e cha racter of the future cardi nal a nd a rch s o Th con ventua f ev v oun bi h p. e l li e r ol ed r d i n r h w i ts ce t e t e u c . The u c as ts , Ch r h Ch r h chief glo ry and ca re : where the wo rship o f God was co n t nua e and e e the i lly h ld , wh r co n a nd o n a nd the t e occu e in mi g g i g, im pi d

se v ce e u a a r e a t of the da . Fo r r i , fill d p l g p r y , if a ho use did as it was i nstructed in th e Con stitutions the o e o f its me ers e a e , wh l mb r p ir d e ight times in the twenty- fou r hou rs to th e t ral n s ca hed chu rch for di vi e wor hip. st t e e was the se v ce ca e octu nes Fir h r r i ll d N r , ta en a ou t n t a nd in n o - axo n k b mid igh , A gl S styled u ht-sa ng ; then morn ing lauds or mati ns (ehqgfldlice lof ra n pra ise song of th e These two services appear often to have been ta en to et e and the on s atten e in t e k g h r, m k d d h ir night-dresses j ust as they rose from bed in the tor It es not a a t a t the oun do rmi y. do ppe r h y g v c students were obliged to a ttend these ser i es. 111s EAR v L LIFE. 7

M ost probably their day wou ld begi n with ' e a ou t six or seven o c oc afte c Prim , b l k, r whi h ‘ th e da t be sa t e n y migh id o b gi .

e ce t ou was su n at A. M a nd Ti r ( hird h r) g 9 . , Sext (si xth hou r)at mid - day ; N o nes followed h n u V at t e n t o P. M . es e s came at i h h r, 3 ; p r

even t e o e at 6 P . M . a nd ast om id , pr p rly ; l ly, C

n e u iht-sa n — in La t n com letor ium th e pli ( g i p ,

n s n se v ce c ose th da a u E. M fi i hi g r i ) l d e y bo t 9 . S uch is the o rigi nal pla n a nd proper sense of th se v c ac nas e r i es. E h mo tery varied its use according to the requ irements of th e brother es s h n u hood . B ide these we re t e merous masses su n in th e c a e s a ndc an t es c were onl g h p l h ri , whi h y ‘ attended by the ofiiciating priest and attenda nt aco te or serv n lad and n o ou t o n oo ly i g , d b J h t k h is tu n t the est o f th e sc a Th r wi h r hol rs. e boys were taught in the cloister by the M aster f h o t e N ovices. The first meal to whic h h e sa t down came ” afte ext th e randiu m or ea n ne in r S , p , rly di r,

th e f ate or efecto . u n f o con r r, r ry J dgi g r m te o a o s t e e was n o ac o f en t o r mp r ry r ll , h r l k pl y va t fte n ne ca e t c rie y. A r di r m heir re reation t e n n fte on es ca e a s im u til N o es. A r N m light ” ef es en t st e the co at on w c c n r r hm , yl d ll i , hi h o s ste of a ass of ee un in the efect r i d gl b r, dr k r o y,

’

Dr. K tc en s In tr See i h oduction . 8 LIFE OF H N O T N JO M R O . and n o doubt a piece o f bread was given to eac f th un a n ac t e h o e h gry l ds. The b k h y ca e to the c o ste e e nst uct on was m l i r, wh r i r i a te n h e u V Afte imp r d u til t ho r of espers. r t at serv ce ca e th e secon ea of the da h i m d m l y , ” coena or su e c cons ste of foo , pp r, whi h i d d v ery similar to that eaten at pra ndium A fte su e fo o e o ne and t en r pp r ll w d C mpli , h h t ey retired to rest. The re was one officer of the monastery o f w w hom the boys must have been in great a e. “ “ H is t t e was ca the oun a out who i l Cir , r d b , a t o e o t c o ste and c u c and e o te p r ll d b h l i r h r h , r p r d bo th scholars and mon ks who slept du ri ng the se v ces or in a n wa nf n e the sc ne r i , y y i ri g d di ipli ' f th In Dunsta n s Con cor dia o e order. S . ‘ R eg ula r zlr we read that this officer is to ha ve c a e un e th e c ea n of the o e c o ste h rg d r l wh l l i r, “ ” “ ” a nd is na e ca ab officio circuitus m d Cir , , h is u t of at H e was oun to o ou n d y p rol . b d g r d the e ses act as o ce an to th e com pr mi , p li m m u n t a t e u a n co ces or vest en ts i y, g h r p y di m w c n ca ess eft a out hi h might have bee rel ly l b , and see them properly returned to their ace pl s. Un fortunately no records ex ist to show the c haracter of J oh n M o rton while he was be ing

’ u t . 1 8 6 i. . xli . Q o ed in Drydale s M onastieon , ed 4 , , p

10 L191; or OHN MORTON J .

k in dred topics m ust have filtered their th rough th e walls of the monastery as travellers pa id their flyi ng v isits to the secluded Abbey of C erne and ven o n o ton a e to cs of , gi J h M r mpl pi con versation as he trod the Dorsetshire downs. C HAPTE R I I .

H N MORTON AT BAL L IOL COL L E J O GE . OXFORD.

Wise men alway Alli rm and say ’ Th at best tis for a man Diligently For to apply Th e business th at h e can

And in n o wi se To enterprise l An oth er fac u ty , For h e th a t will And ca n no skill Is n ever i e to th ech th r ve l k ( i ).

Sir T. MORE .

T 11 E q uestio n may be a sked a t o n ce : Why did J o h n M o rton go to o ne o f th e n i ne ope n co lleges in preference to one o f the three colleges founded for th e Ben edictine mon ks ? H e had een t a ne in a ene ct ne onaste b r i d B di i m ry , a nd it would be natu rally supposed that h e would co nti n ue his ed ucation a t Gloucester o e e o r ouceste a foun e a out the C ll g Gl r H ll , d d b year 1 28 1 for that order to train m onks suitable fo r n s t a no e of ette s importa t post wi h k wledg l r , 1 : LIFE OF J OH N MORTON .

a s th fo u a n ru ru A if h n e nd tio les n . nd e did ot o to t at co e e t e e was ante u g h ll g , h r C rb ry o e e u t A a Isli c s o of C ll g , b il by d m pp, Ar hbi h p a nte u in 1 for the fa ous onaste C rb ry, 353, m m ry o f st u c in a n te u e e no Chri Ch r h C rb ry, wh r do u t t a tt e n terest he t ave b , wi h li l i , migh h

been a tte . a n e t e of t ese t e e dmi d F ili g i h r h , h r was a t co e e u t a o ut the ea 1 0 hird ll g , b il b y r 37 b o as at e s o of u a for y Th m H fi ld, Bi h p D rh m, th e no t e n on s t a n exce ent a r h r m k , wi h ll libr ry, ca e u a o e e the o e n n t ll d D rh m C ll g , m d r Tri i y e C oll ge. Si nce he chose Ballio l College in prefe rence to t hese colleges fo r the Benedicti n e o rder of m o n s it o n ts to the conc us on t at en he k , p i l i h wh e nte red the u n i versi ty he had not made up his ' m n to beco me a on a nd t at the o of i d m k , h Pri r Ce rne had put no pressu re upo n his promisi ng u but at e his as was to a s the p pil , r h r bi w rd sec u a o de f he n st l r r r o t mi i ry. The city of Oxfo rd was full of i nte rest even i th a s n It had een a n e d y of J oh n M orto . b f amous city as ea rly as the days of Ki ng ‘ f sda f l a n u A l red. Dome y Book ( o . dr w p in 1 086 te s us t at t e e e e 6 ouses , ll h h r w r 7 5 h . twen ty- fou r of which were wi thout the wa lls of h e t u n th 80 ears ece n his t ci y. D ri g e 3 y pr di g

Ge redid J Iwmmentensis ro ca itc 1 3 et a t/ , lib 9, p libi

lu. Tw ne xii . il y i 585 . OH N MORTON AT BALLIOL COLL EGE OXFORD I J , . 3 en t ry at Balliol n i n e colleges besides th e a bo ve na e t ee c we ma ca c os m d hr , whi h y ll l ed colleges

for o n s had een u t. In 1 1 2 Un ve s t m k , b b il 7 i r i y o e e ece ve its st statutes a nd eca e C ll g r i d fir . b m the mothe r in less tha n 200 yea rs of eight o more c lleges . A t the t e o n o ton ente e he had im J h M r r d , the c o ce of o n to e t e u n v e s t h i g i g i h r i r i y , e ton a o Sta ledon a the o e n M r , B lli l , p H ll ( m d r ' xete O e ueen s ca e a fte the fe of E r), ri l , Q ( ll d r wi Edwa rd N e w (fo un ded in 1 379 by a of eha L nco n in 1 2 Willi m Wyk m), i l ( 4 7 by c a e n s o o f L nco n a nd Ri h rd Fl mi g, Bi h p i l ), All o u s in 1 ecen t n s e all of c S l ( 4 37, r ly fi i h d), whi h were open to him . o eve h e c ose a o o e e c H w r, h B lli l C ll g , whi h had been founded in 1 268 by Sir J ohn Ba lliol o f a na ast e in o s e n t B r rd C l , Y rk hir , K igh , w ose do w Dever uilla ca e ou t h is h wi , g , rri d s es a nd a ve t e a o Of sta tu tes in wi h , g h m b dy 2 2 en he en te e h is na e o n the 1 8 . Wh r d m

oo s a an on . . was the b k , Willi m Br d , M A , aste who had een a o n te in 1 2 m r, b pp i d 4 3 . Perhaps he was led to this choice ei ther fro m fa ea so n s t ou no one of his na e on mily r , h gh m the male or female side seems to have en tered t e e efo e or e a s so e f en f o h r b r him , p rh p m ri d r m

xfor H stor ca Soc et 1 88 sa s it was foun e in O d i i l i y, 4, y d d

1 2 o n Ba o K n of Scot and. 73 by J h li l . i g l 1 4 LIFE or JOR N MORTON . a mongst the sc holars at Cerne persuaded him

- to become a fellow student. he R e ister o the Un iversit O or d T g f y of xf ,

- l 1 h R v. v o . i. 1 1 e te t e e . . . 449 57 , di d by C W

Boase M A. ves us t s s o t not ce of his , . , gi hi h r i c u rriculum : J oh n Moreton (his name is s e t t the e B. L L. su . for p l wi h ), , p 5 1 i as D o ve e 1 nc. . C. L a c N mb r, 45 , . 5 M r h ,

- i a nd a ten ence. V ce a nce o 4 si , p id p i Ch ll r,

1 6 . a nce o 44 Ch ll r, We have in this chapter to try and depict a e in its ea sta Of one h is Oxford c r er rliest ge. — thi ng we can be certai n that the number o f s tude nts had decreased in a marked way ; it is said o en suc nu s fr m to 3000. Wh h high mber a re gi ven it must be remembered that man y of the students e e e e a a -sc oo o s w r m r gr mm r h l b y , a nd that the education was divided i nto two eat v s ons—the e e enta and the he gr di i i l m ry, hig r uca s fo e es the o ca e d tion r d gre . Amid p liti l troubles of the fifteenth centu ry lea rn ing in E ng ‘ land was in an a ost sta nant con t on Th lm g di i . e a ge of the great schoolmen was over ; that of the revivers of classical literature had not u e e but na s beg n. Th re w re few origi l writer o n a n su ect sac e or ofa ne and t ose few y bj , r d pr , h have been aptly described as pale and ia

Histor o the Universit Ox ord to the ea r 1 0 y f y of f y 53 , b H . C. Maxwe L t y ll y e. OH N MORTON AT BALLIOL COLLEGE OXFORD. I J , s

effectual l umi na ries in the prevaili ng dark ness Th e chronicles of the time o f J oh n M orton a re s n u a ea e a nd u The causes are i g l rly m gr d ll . not far t see o k . 1 The nat on was ex auste the va n . i h d by i effo t to con ue a nce and ouse f o its r q r Fr , , r d r m on ea of e a a t o n was o e ess l g dr m I mp ri l mbi i , h p l ly s ea tene unt it was u n e nto the ost di h r d , il pl g d i m sa n a f gui n ry o E ngli sh ci vil wa rs. 2 The ecc es ast ca n n enc o f th e . l i i l i depe d e n s u c c had e e th e ost E gli h Ch r h , whi h d fi d m o e fu of mediaaVal o es and had een p w r l P p , b fortified by the recent sta tutes of Provisors a nd Praz munire was se ous t eatene the , ri ly hr d by rowdi of u t a on ta ne n fluences e its g l r m i , whil s a revenues were a sailed by democratic agi t tio n . The v ut o na o n o f the o o ns 3. re ol i ry petiti C mm a r ss V o r th o esa e d e e to en I . f e d d H ry , wh l l appropriation of Ch u rch property to secula r a nd c a ta e uses o e no oo to un ve h ri bl , b d d g d i r snties c a n e as ecc es ast ca o es , whi h r k d l i i l b di . a nd e e taxe t the c e t ou a nt w r d wi h l rgy, h gh i monastic in their corporate spiri t and in the

o an sa t on of t e co e es. o eove t s rg i i h ir ll g M r r, hi petition had been speedily fo llowed by the actual con fiscation of property belongi ng to a en li priories. n ar d h 4 . The Fre ch W an t e Wa rs of the Roses a ttracted i nto camps ma n y a student who 1 6 LIFE OF OH N MORTON J .

m ight otherwise have frequented the u n i ve rsi ty lec ture- roo ms ; the law no lo nger drew all its rec u ts f o u n vers t c e ks and even the r i r m i i y l r , i n c u mben ts of E nglish li v i ngs were so metimes c h ose n fro m the ra nk s of the regu la r clergy w t out u n ve s t t a n n i h i r i y r i i g. It is s a s and s ea f 5 . pos ible th t the ri e pr d o th e Wycliffe movement at Oxford may have prej udiced it in the eyes of the E nglish h e a c as it ce ta n in t ose of the i r r hy, r i ly did h is a un a PO es. At all events t e e nt p , h r b d e v ence ot of the fact t at can ates for id , b h h did holy o rders resorted to Oxfo rd in dimin ished n u e s a nd of the const uct on c th mb r . r i whi h e fa u n i versi ty au thori ties put o n tha t ct. In 1 1 a nd a a n in 1 8 the a c s o 4 7, g i 43 , r hbi h p a nd bishops in co n voca tion i ssued an appeal to a t on s of benefices ca n o n t e to ve p r , lli g h m gi f s The a pre erence to un i versi ty grad uate . me mo rial addressed to convoca tion on behalf o f the u ni versi ty in 1 438 compla i ns that th e a s e e ese te and t at not 1 000 h ll w r d r d , h remai ned out of th e ma ny thousands reported to have attended the schools of Ox ford in the ast a It is state t at in 1 0 o n l ge. d h 45 ly t ent out of 200 sc oo s c had once w y h l , whi h n e cont n ue o be use for u oses bee fill d, i d t d p rp uca t on o t stan n t s ec ne the of ed i . N wi th di g hi d li Unive rsity of Oxford was ably represe nted at

' 1 8 L11 E or J Oi i N MORTON . w c he in co on w t eve stu ent ou hi h , mm i h ry d , w ld h a ve to pass through be fore he obta ined h is d Th s t c s f o r su c egree . e e ou r e o bo ks o bj e ts to be studied by candidates for degrees in the va rio us fa cu lties may be da ted from th e sta tu tes gi ven to the Uni versity of Pa ris by the Ca rdinal L egate Ro be rt de Cou rgo n at the very begin n n of th t te n t c n tu i g e hir e h e ry . The Ox ford cu rricul um seems to have ga ined but li ttle between the age of the schoolmen a nd t h a t f h n ssan c It is act ca ce ta n o t e Re ai e. pr i lly r i t hat admissio n to th e un i versi ty was gua rded b no n a nc xa na o a a was y e tr e e mi ti n. Gr mm r t rea ted as the essen tial foundation of all know le e and th e u n ve s t a oun e in a a dg , i r i y b d d gr mm r sc hoo ls ; but the su perstructu re ra ised u pon this foundation appea rs to ha ve been ma inly cal logi . ot a a a nd o c o eve re re B h gr mm r l gi , h w r, p se n ted accomplishmen ts which in that age we re — s upposed to be usefu l gra mmar as gi v ing the o e of ea n and t n Lat n o c p w r r di g wri i g i ; l gi , s u e en te eto c as the nst u en t o f ppl m d by rh ri , i r m o nt v u s c c c c ro ersy and pers a ion . Si n e profi ien y in all stu es was teste s utat on o c di d by di p i , l gi was na tu rally elevated i nto a posi tion of su e a pr m cy. A statute passed in 1 408 requ ired all candi a t f a w a es or t is no c e a B . A . e ee to d , wh ll d d gr , OH N MORTON AT BALLIOL COLLEGE OX FORD 1 J , . 9

eco e SO I'IIStiB en e a es and act se b m P g r l , pr i d themselves in logical dispu ta tion s for a yea r a t “ ” least in the pa rtisum or class- roo m for e n ne s efo e o ffe n t e se ves for th e b gi r , b r ri g h m l e na o ea of es o ns n pr limi ry rd l R p io s. This exa mi na tio n seems to ha ve consisted in a rgu i ng a nd a nsweri ng questio ns on a ven t es s r es on der e a d uestion em o r de gi h i ( p q , queestzbne); and the studen t wh o had passed it a t th e end of his st ea was st o un un e fir y r, ill b d d r this sta tu te to hea r lectures o n prescribed books in t ee ranc es of th e acu t of ts— o c hr b h F l y Ar l gi , at e at cs a nd a a c a a s a n e m h m i , gr mm r, whi h lw y r k d s a f st lowest in the c le o udies. “ The exe c ses c co nst tute te r i , whi h i d de r ” nat on e e co n ucte u n L ent in the mi i , w r d d d ri g sc oo s o f aste s a a e n t se ec te the h l M r , pp r ly l d by ca ndida tes them sel ves ; fo r the last clau se in the statu te actually pro tects them aga i n st im prison men t or solicita tio n by M aste rs des irous of fo c n t e n to t wn s o s The r i g h m i he ir o cho l . exa na t on was a n if not exc us ve mi i m i ly, l i ly, o ca a nd a m a t ca the u t o f the l gi l gr m i l , d y ex ami n i ng master bei ng to stop th e ca ndidate if he shou an e nto ot e su ects or use ld w d r i h r bj , u nsou n a u en ts d rg m . N othi ng is sa id in this statute of ca ndidates once admitted to determi ne bei ng rej ected for nco etence but t e e are u es to even t i mp , h r r l pr 20 LIFE or J oli N MORTON .

t e e n a tte at all un ess u ua fie h ir b i g dmi d , l d ly q li d ‘ b a a a t c cte a e a nd even statu e. y h r r, bili y , g , r The leading sta tute which regulated the mo re ” i o tant act o f nce t on or a ss on to mp r i p i , dmi i

h was assed in 1 1 . I o ns t e . . e ee t e M A d gr , p 43 p w i th a so mewhat peda n tic and solem n preamble setti ng forth tha t eve ry o n e who aspires to be e n ti tled a M aster or Professor of Arts o ught to ha ve undergone a complete tra i n ing in the seven sc ences and the t ee oso The sev n i hr phil phies. e sc iences were no othe r tha n the old Tritials a nd Q uadritials which had become the standa rd s u bjec ts of educa tion eve r since the rev i va l o f ea n n un e a e a ne— ra a l r i g d r Ch rl m g g mm r, r eto c a nd o c a t et c mus c eo h ri , l gi ; ri hm i , i , g

- m et and ast ono . The t ee so ca e ry, r my hr ll d oso es e e natu a o al and ta phil phi w r r l , m r , me s ca phy i l . The statute proceeds to ordai n that all who a re presen ted fo r i nceptio n shall ha ve sa tisfied “ " a ll the e u e e nts o f dete nat on a nd r q ir m rmi i . s hall a lso ha ve regularly a nd earnestly a ttended lectu es in th e seven anc es of no e e e e r br h k wl dg , h r

1 The meaning of determi nation is still the subject of

. . Boase in the reface to his R e is er dispute M r , p g t ef the “ n i er sit o Ox ord ex a ns it t us : After ta n hi U v y f f . pl i h ki g s ’ th ac e or eterm ne t at is nstea of dis degree e b h l d i d , h , i d in mse f he res e over is utat ons and ave out put g hi l , p id d d p i g his determination or decision on the questions discussed OH N MORTON AT BALLIOL COLLEGE OXFORD. 2 I J ,

ca e the even L e a ts a s e as i n the ll d S ib r l Ar , w ll t ee oso es u n e t ea s for at hr phil phi , d ri g igh y r , “ east t t ea n a s in eac ea l hir y r di g d y h y r, accordi ng to a certa i n graduated order presc ribed h sta u ts in t e t te e f. us ra a was to i l Th , g mm r occu o n e ea eto c t ee ea s o c py y r ; rh ri , hr y r ; l gi , t ee ea s a t et c one ea u s c o n e hr y r ; ri hm i . y r ; m i , ea eo et two ea s ast ono two y r ; g m ry , y r ; r my , ea s natu a mo a and eta h s ca o y r ; r l , r l , m p y i l phil

so th ee ea s eac . The o t o ox phy, r y r h r h d text- books in which each subject is to be stu e are s ec ca ent one a nd nc u e di d p ifi lly m i d , i l d sc an oet us a nd uc but a ove all Pri i , B hi , E lid , , b , stot e wh o is eco n se as the su e e Ari l , r g i d pr m a u t o t o n eto c o c a nd all t ee h ri y rh ri , l gi , hr oso s phil phie . H a v i ng fulfilled all these conditio ns a nd proc ured a ll th e necessa ry certifica tes of h is o a a n d nte ectua co etence the ach e o m r l i ll l mp , b l r

a n fo a . e ee was ese nte f pplyi g r M . A d gr pr d be o re the c an ce o a nd o cto s in con e a t o n h ll r pr r gr g i , en a fte ta n ce ta n oa t s o n e of c wh , r ki g r i h , whi h bound him n ot to fomen t q ua rrels between ortherners a n d ou t e n e s h e was o f c a N S h r r , fi i lly cense t v O n t s ce o n o e e ectu es. e li d d li r l r hi r m y, c con st tute a aste o f ts the whi h i d him M r Ar , statute of 1 1 is s en t but we no f o o t e 4 3 il , k w r m h r sou ces t a a w f t . . e ee as c e i not r h M A d gr hi fly , “ exc us ve sou t as a ass o t to nce t on l i ly, gh p p r i p i L FE OF OHN MORTON I J .

s nce t on c nvo ve uc Thi i p i , whi h i l d m h ex e nse a nd was atten e an fo a t es p d d by m y rm li i , co ns ste in ta n ossess on of a sc oo and i d ki g p i h l , so lem n ly commenci ng a cou rse of lectu res as a ” a te It is ov i teachi ng or regent m s r. pr ided n th e statu te that at th e end of every term (o r y ea r)th e proctors shall ascerta i n the n u mber o f e ent aste s n to ectu e a nd s a r g m r willi g l r , h ll d v e t e acco n to sen o t nto ten i id h m , rdi g i ri y, i co an es as nea e ua in nu e as mp i , rly q l mb r oss e The un o co an t the p ibl . j i r mp y, wi h s u e n ten en ts of a a sc oo s are to p ri d gr mm r h l , ectu e in a a a nd the est are a a en t l r gr mm r, r pp r ly to be so ranged in an ascendi ng scale that the est su ects ma be ass ne to the s n s high bj y ig d e ior . It is ex ess o a ne in o e to exc u pr ly rd i d , rd r l de fo en o e t a t none s a ec tu e in a n rbidd l r , h h ll l r y s exce t t se a o e statute book p ho ll w d by . The mode of lecturi ng is also stric tly

esc ed. st the tex t is to be ea out pr rib Fir , r d ; then its substa nce a nd mea n i ng a re to be e xpla i ned a fterwa rds spe cia l passages a re to be note a nd ast uest ons are to be a se d ; , l ly, q i r i d a nd scu sse bu t o n suc as na tu a a se di d , ly h r lly ri out of the tex t so t at no o te sc ences , h pr hibi d i ma b au y e t ght . Such provi sion s for public lectu ri ng were n ecessa ry befo re either a uni versity pro fessoriate or a system of college tuition was OH N MORTON AT BALLIOL COLLEGE OXFORD 2 J , . 3

eve o e and all e en t aste s u n ess d l p d, r g m r , l exe te e e ou n statute to ectu e for mp d , w r b d by l r w s f n nea rly t o yea r a ter i nceptio . D u ri n g thi s period they were also specially bou nd to attend ” the u n ve s t o n e at on c i r i y C gr g i , by whi h e ees e e ante a nd even en t e d gr w r gr d , wh h y eca e non - e en ts t e e e a e to be b m r g , h y w r li bl su mmoned for this pu rpose by the u n iversi ty ea e wh o sou n e a e in o e to a e a b dl , d d b ll rd r m k uo u ence t at asse was tec n ca q r m , wh h mbly h i lly s ts a - n ts called the H ou e of Regen nd N on Rege . In the ea est t es en it cons ste of rli im , wh i d teac e s o n it had een the so e e s atu e of h r ly, b l l gi l r h u n v s I s ve n t e e t . t see o e t at e i r i y m , h w r, h wh degrees were mo re and more so ught as ti tles o f on ou o r ce t ca tes o f o c enc a nd h r r ifi pr fi i y , gradua tes frequen tly obta i ned exemption s from the ut o f teac n a n ot e o e se ect o d y hi g, h r m r l b dy called th e Black Co ngrega tion assumed the right o f discussi ng measu res to be a fte rwa rds “ ” a efo e the ea t on e at on as it l id b r Gr C gr g i , t en ca e to be ca e o r o n voca t on as it h m ll d , C i , was ca e in a te t es en th e e n a ll d l r im , wh pr limi ry assembly had at last usurped the name of o n at n C greg io . The faculty of arts was i ndeed bu t one o f seve a t ou it e ace th e eat a o t r l , h gh mbr d gr m j ri y of ra ua tes and a n ta ne a n u n s u te g d , m i i d di p d su a The c enc of a a prem cy. s i e gr mm r IFE F 24 L O J OH N MORTON .

a a s e a su o nate os t on and i lw y fill d b rdi p i i , ts r equ iremen ts were less onerous ; but in all the su e o facu t es of c v or ca non la w medicine p ri r l i i il , a nd t eo o the o na u e was to av h l gy, rdi ry r l h e a uate st in a ts a nd a fte a s t av gr d d fir r . rw rd o h e ex oun e s ute a n d ete ne on the p d d , di p d , d rmi d

stu es . o f the facu t efo e nce t n a di l y , b r i p i g nd ece v n the na e ee of aste or octo r i i g fi l d gr M r D r, t n act ca s non ous ven he pr i lly y ym . E those who h ad grad uated in arts were requ ired to study th eo logy five yea rs before their opponency or de ee exa nat on e t ose who h ad not so gr mi i , whil h g radua ted were compelled to go through a ' s even yea rs cou rse ; and in ei the r case two y ea rs more of probation were exacted before pe rmissio n cou ld be obtai ned to lectu re on the ” n n s Se te ce . Thus a n O x ford ca reer occu pied far mo re of fe in the a s of o ton t a n in our own a nd li d y M r h , academical residence certa i nly extended over a t a t f ea a It was a nat a grea er p r o ch ye r. ur l co nsequence that uni versity i nfl uences left a fa r deeper impress on the cha racters a nd mi nds o f the stu en ts and t at suc ove en ts as th d , h h m m e R ena issa nce andthe Refo rmation passed through a long period of academical i ncu bation before ‘ t e ac u e a o ove the mass of the na t on h y q ir d h ld r i .

I r r . Vide I istory of the Unive sity qf Oxfo d Hon . G C

Brodrick.

2 LIFE OF O11 N 6 J MORTON .

o as o e sa s afte his fa and Sir Th m M r y , r ll “ du ri ng his impri son men t : My counsel is th at we fall not to the lo west fa re fi rst ; we w ill not therefore descend to Ox fo rd fare (the o est n o f foo no r to the fa of New l w ki d d), re ’ In n the ne xt but we e n t L nco n s ( ), will b gi wi h i l In n et e e ma n t o s fu men o f di , wh r y righ w r hip l . eat accou n t a nd oo ea s do ve fu e g r g d y r , li ll w ll w hich if we find oursel ves the first year not able t o a n ta n t en in the nex t ea co e m i i , h will y r m do n to Ox fo fa e e e a n eat ea ne w rd r , wh r m y gr , l r d , a nd a n tien t fathers and docto rs are con ti nually co nversan t es es all t s en we t n of the fteen t B id hi , wh hi k fi h cen tu ry student shari ng his bedroo m with four or fi ve co an o ns s ee n u on a att ess stuffe mp i , l pi g p m r d t st a a nd u e to et e in the n te wi h r w , h ddl d g h r wi r fo r a t a nd co n t ast t the u xu o us w rm h , r him wi h l ri n neteen t centu stu en t we can e un e i h ry d , w ll d r n at his lot was not a a on o n s ta d th h ppy e. J h M o rton m ust have been glad when his student a s e e ove and en as V ce - ance o of d y w r r, wh i Ch ll r x fo in 1 6 he cou en o eate co fo t O rd , 44 , ld j y gr r m r

a nd a more luxu rious mode of li vi ng.

NOTE To CHAPTER II.

LEARN1NO .

Outside the walls of th e great monasteries in the welft centur com arative few cou d rea w t ease t h y, p ly l d i h ; OH N MORTON AT BALLIOL COLL EGE OX FORD 2 J , . 7

I t ere was scarce an terature —a few oems a rare h ly y li p , c ron c e the B e th e M ssa th e B rev ar and H ours h i l , ibl , i l, i y made up th e bulk of the books in th e dark ages. Few of th e m t cast es of th e Norman con uerors w ose vast igh y l q , h ru ns we st aze at and a m re oaste of a rar w ose i ill g d i , b d lib y h sca nt s e ves he an oo s es es t ese wor s and even y h l ld y b k b id h k , t ese few were tt e use save th e mon or c a a n who h li l d by k h pl i , " s r served the castle an d its baron as almoner . Cloi te Life ” in the Da s of Coeur de L o n the R ev. H . Dona M . y i , by ld

. f ood Wor ds S t 1 8 2 S ence D D. Dean o G oucester G e . p , , l , , p , 9

I This by no means exaggerates the general ignorance of the ear m e a es. For nstance as ate as t he four ly iddl g i , l tccnth centur Du Gueschin Consta e of France one of y , , bl , th e foremost men of the a e cou ne t er rea nor wr te g , ld i h d i , and o n K n of Bo em a was e ua norant . The J h , i g h i , q lly ig Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (end of twelfth century) cou not rea P e le H ar K n of France son ld d ; hilipp di, i g , of 8 . Lou s t rteent centur was ew se una e to i ( hi h y), lik i bl rea . For man centur es it was rare for an la man of d y i y y , , w atever ran to now how to s n his name. A few h k, k ig s natures to ee s a ear owever in th e fourteent ig d d pp , h , h n u On h f s ce t ry . t e scarcity o book at this time (centuries twe ve and t rteen and the enormous rice t e fetc e l hi ), p h y h d , ’ ’ see Ha am s M iddle A es . ix. x. 1 and Ro ertson s ll g , iii , , b

Char les V. ntro uct on vol. i . note x. sm n m. V. etc. , i d i , , Si o di , to , A CH PTE R I I I .

J OH N MORTON As A L AWYE R AND A PRlW

Cou nci L LOR.

A BOUT th e yea r 1 45 1 J oh n M orton too k his D reat st nct on a fte e e as L L . . t d gr e wi h g di i i , r t c v a nd anon law Tw h a vi ng stu died bo h i il c . o o r three yea rs befo re this t ime he must ha ve ’ ' s s In 1 6 r e cei ved deaco n s a nd prie t orders. 44 h e was o ne o f the co ssa es or v ce mmi ri , i c a nce o of the un ve s t and was o e ato h ll r i r i y, m d r r i n the v La w c oo an d nc a o f Ci il S h l , pri ip l

Peck wa ter H all in 1 4 53. Already his honou rs had begu n to mu ltiply u on In 1 0 he was a to h p him . 45 coll ted t e ‘ Su b- ean f the a e In D ery o C th d ral of Li ncol n . 1 4 58 he was appoi n ted Prebendary of Fo rdi ng to n in the ocese of a s u c e en , di S li b ry, whi h pr b d

h e es n e in 1 6 . In the sa e ea 1 8 r ig d 47 m y r, 45 , ’ h e was nsta e e en a of o n a in i ll d Pr b d ry C rri gh m , the ocese of L nco n en he es ne his di i l , wh r ig d s - n ub dea ery.

I W ’ illis s Cath . Li ne . . , p 97 I MSS. o e v. 2 . 2 8. C l , 7, p 9 MORTON AS A LAWYER AN D PR IVY UN ILL CO C OR. 29

H e still kept u p h is co n nectio n wi th Do rset s e as he wa s a o n te to the v n o f hir , pp i d li i g o x o t or Blok eswo rth not fa r f o the Bl w r h , , r m fa o e t a nd a o u t e t es f o mily pr p r y , b igh mil r m a n fo t e to h e h ad bee n a u n Bl d rd. Hi h r yo g ma n pushi ng h is way to a n emi n ence not y et eac e a nd a t ou h e e t ee e en a r h d , l h gh h ld hr pr b d l sta s in a s u L n co n a nd Lichfield t e ll S li b ry , i l , , h ir va u was s a a nd t e ut es ss H i l e m ll h ir d i le . s commo n designa tion was the Pa rso n of Blo kes H v is worth . e di ided h time be twee n Blox o t a nd Ox fo e a n to Lon o n en w r h rd , r p iri g d wh his a tten dan ce was req u ired e i ther a t the n n h c u ts o f la w a Cou cil or i t e o r . Gr d ually Ox fo a nd his cou n t v n sa w ess o f rd ry li i g l him , a n d the L o n do n la w courts a bso rbed him ; ’ a nd as a n a dvocate in Doctors Commons he f r h is ta n In h had plen ty o f scope o le ts. t e Cou rt o f Arch es a nd other ecclesi astical cou rts the was t en uc us ness o uc n o t re h m h b i , pr d i g b h fame a nd profi t ; a nd success a t the ci vil bar frequ en tly led to pro motio n bo th in Ch urch a nd a S t te . Morton soon beca m e the acknowledged ea e a nd ose to suc st nct o n h is l d r, r h di i i by lea rn i ng a nd eloquence tha t he ga i ned the good o n o n of a na Bou rchier c s o o f pi i C rdi l , Ar hbi h p a nte u r who eco ende to en C rb y, r mm d him H ry was a tte as a e f VI. H e dmi d m mber o the L i E F OH N R N 30 r O J MO TO .

v ou nc ven the e en of ordin ton Pri y C il , gi pr b d F g in the ocese of a s u and had the r c di S li b ry , i h v n f lo eswo rth esto u on li i g o B k b wed p him . It was owi ng to Ca rdi nal Bou rchier tha t ’ M orton was recommended to the ki ng s notice

a n d beca me a member of the Privy Cou ncil . N othi ng in his life spea ks be tter for the c haracter of M o rton than his u nshaken fidelity a n d u n u n e zea to the La ncas t an aus bo d d l ri c e. B ut the n was not a st on ma n a nd as ki g r g , h is f cu t es nc ease the e an s u o n di fi l i i r d , d m d p ’ v o a M orton s time m ust ha e i nc reased . Pr b bly h e had no Opportu n i ty of ta ki ng a promi nen t a t in u c a ffa s H e was ce ta n in p r p bli ir . r i ly a ttendance u po n the ki ng at the fatal defeat of n t u t he La ncastrian cause a t Towto . Al ho gh h e had no tar co a n e Odo s o mili y mm d lik , Bi h p o f a eux a t the o an on uest et he ust B y , N rm C q , y m ha ve been compelled at o ne pe riod to defend h is f v a n a n d li e wi th the swo rd . Between ci ili so ldier n o di sti nction was made on a field where n o ua te was ve n and off the att e e it q r r gi , b l fi ld w as accoun ted treason in the captor to accept a ra nsom for his prison er i nstead of plungi ng his s wo rd or his dagger through the hea rt of an ne F r ten u he was in e my. o ho rs t v icto ry held dou tfu a a nce a nd was t en ec e b the b l b l , h d id d y s fu ene a s of a t en a e n ne kil l g r l hip Edw rd , h g d i n f a t ee . H e assumed the crown his father e red V ! MORTON AS A LAWYER AN D PRI Y COUNCILLOR. 3 to ta e and s a e all th e en us of a ea t k , di pl y d g i gr ma The t ess sno sto c com nder. pi il w rm whi h had been the powerful ally of the Yorkists e the att e a e ef en e the L an whil b l r g d , b ri d d Th cu s an castrians in their flight. e cir m t ces of ’ a n n W a r M o rton s esc pe a re u nk o w . e e merely ‘ “ told by Gra fton th at th e pa rso n of Blocks worth fled th e realm wi th the queen a nd pri n ce a nd nev e r returned but to th e field of Ba rnet H e escaped with the loss of everythi ng h c u a ve e n e e fe ea o whic o ld h r d r d li d r t him . was a t atta n te as a tra to In H e imm edi ely i d i r. th e act of a tta n e h e was esc e as o n i d r, d rib d J h M o ton ate a son o f Blok esworth in the r , l p r , ” s e of o set c e . o n o ton c e hir D r , l rk J h M r , l rk, “ is also amongst those con v ic ted of high treaso n a n d condem n ed to lose all their posses ” sion s ? We know h ow h e spen t most o f his time st in ex e fo r in o ve e 1 6 2 h e is whil il , N mb r, 4 , a n t n u n a ttenda upo Q ee M rga ret. Th e ex iled ueen was in a n e s a tten e ce a n q Fl d r , d d by rt i n ts a nd o n o ton a nd o e t k igh , by J h M r R b r

Mac e e octo s. H er su te nu e k r l , d r i mb red ’ 2 n h was 00 perso s. S e ki ndly received in u es the ou nt de Charolois a nd th Br g , by C e

I Grafton, i i . , 1 2 2 .

R ot. Park , v . , 4 77.

I ' W W rc stre A n n ah 1 . y e , , 78 ed:Stevenson . 2 mm or OH N MORTON 3 J .

u e of u n H r cou t w f D k B rgu dy. e r as or a sea so n lodged in the monastery of the Ca r melites. The du ke assisted her with a small o na t on of one a nd she t en o ne her d i m y, h j i d fa t her. In 1 463 M orton was still in attenda nce u pon ueen a a et ecause a ette has ee n Q M rg r , b l r b d scove e a esse the ce e a te a e i r d , ddr d by l br d l wy r, Sir o n o tescue to the a o f O on a t J h F r , E rl rm d , ‘ a t in T t h time Portugal . he letter is dated a t Se n te M i hel in Ba rro s in Louva n e e y g y i , wh r t he uee n was es n t the nce of q r idi g wi h Pri .

Wa es he r so n . l , Sh e st e a n of cou t the a n ill h ld ki d r , r llyi g o n t of the Lancast a n s but the e vat o ns p i ri , d pri i to c h t e e e su ecte e e v e s v whi h y w r bj d w r ry e e re. T he La ncastrians were almost driven to despa ir when they heard of th e dissa tisfa ction th e ’ V a a ki ng s (Edward I . )m rri ge with Elizabeth c The at a a Wydv ille a used . gre E rl of W rwick was jea lous of the honours a n d preferments be ’ s to e on the ueen s e a t ves a nd ente e nto w d q r l i , r d i s on en c t th ex e ue n a a co rre p d e wi h e il d Q e M rg ret . ’ o ton w t ot e e e s of the ueen s M r , i h h r m mb r q ’ ouse o was a ttac e to VVa rwick s su te h h ld , h d i , when the ea rl left A ngers a nd la n ded a t Da rt

out in e te e 1 0. a c was soon m h S p mb r, 4 7 W rwi k

I B ot ec . Nat ona e Par s Ba a e MS. 0 art. ibli h i l , i , l y 9 37,

1 . Ho o ra A reha olo ieat our nal 1 0. 73 l g ph, g j , 7

LIFE or OH N MORTON 34 J .

all causes or suits re at n to w ls intestac es tit es c urc l i g il , i , h , h h rates marr a es and ot er matters co n sa e in t ose , i g , h g i bl h

courts. Th ere are a few proceedings in the Court of Arches of early dates to be found among the miscellany of the

Exc e uer now in the Record ffice C ancer Lane. h q , O , h y ' (See A Guide to the P rinapal Classes of Docu ments P re

served in the P ublic R ecen t O ee S. R . Scar l B r fi , by gi l i d,

I OHN MORTON AT OXFORD. I . J

Fasti E re/err}: A u /h a m Le Neve vol. i ii . ives the g , by , , g

- o n Moreton ce C ance or ofOxford LL . D. 1 6 J h , Vi h ll , , 44 ;

Pre en ar of or Sout New a 2 rd A r 1 6 . b d y Y k, h b ld, 3 p il , 4 7 The foundation of Balliol College was designed by Sir ohn Ba o of Barnar Cast e in or s re n t in the J lli l , d l , Y k hi , k igh , I ear 1 268 but he n in the ear fo ow n recom y , , dyi g y ll i g, men e the erfect n his es n to his re ct Devcr uilla d d p i g d ig li g , who sett e the sa soc et and rescr e t em a o f l d id i y, p ib d h b dy o

statutes in 1 28 2 .

W r M . am B ran on 1 2 Maste A. illi d , 43 , ,

Ro ert T wa tes 1 1 Master M . A . b h i , 4 5 , ,

W am Lam ton 1 6 1 Master M . A. illi b , 4 , , o n Se den Arc eacon of G oucester occu J h g , hd l , rs 2 as Master in 1 4 7 .

Ro ert A 1 Master M .A. b bdy, 4 77, , W am Be 1 M aster M .A. illi ll , 494 , ,

‘ III. ECCL ESIASTICAL ORGANISATION .

Before the Con uest the En s urc had een a to q , gli h Ch h b l gether national. Its bishops had sat side by side with the

I Oxford H storica Societ 1 88 sa s : Foun ed 1 2 i l y, 4, y d 73

b o n Ba o K n of Scot an m n . y J h li l, i g l d (sa e perso i) I ’ See Gar ner A Student s H i rto v a di , o of E ngl nd. MORT N As A LAWYER A N D PRIVY N I R O COU C LLO . 35 ea rldormen or earls in the shire-moots and in th e Witen a emot tse f. T e had een name e th e earldormen g i l h y b d , lik or ear s the n w t the consen t of the W tena emot. l , by ki g, i h i g Ecc es ast ca uest ons h ad een ec e not an l i i l q i b d id d , by y s ec a ecc es ast ca court but th e s re-moots or p i l l i i l , by hi W W n i m . c an a l . H i te agemot. ill a I h ged l this e appoi nted

Normans as s o s. Th e C urc t ou ma e e en ent bi h p h h, h gh d d p d on W am was n e en ent exce t so far as its ecc es as illi , i d p d , p l i t ca r ts were concern ed of the c v c courts. Ecc es as i l igh , i i l i t ca matters were scusse not in th e W tena emot bu t i l di d, i g , in the C urc S no and un s ments were n fl cte b h h y d . p i h i i d y

Church Courts on ecclesiastical offenders.

Secu ars were th e ar sh c er l p i l gy , w h n Regula rs ere t e mo ks.

Cl uniac reforms were the attempt to i nsist upon universal celibacy of the clergy ; ( 2) abstinence from s n n n so as to be n e en en t of th e reat men of the i i g, i d p d g wor a e ater th e refusa to rece ve from a men ld ; (3, dd d l ) l i l y the ri ng and staff and signs of their authority. The date of th e Domesday B ook was 1 086 ; it was so called beca use everythi ng that every man possessed was wr tten t ere n and it was as m oss e to a ea from it i h i , i p ibl pp l as from th e last j udgment . Th e W tena emot was c an e nto th e Great Counc i g h g d i il, which was attended only by th ose wh o held land in chief from the n i.e. the reat an owners ca e arons to ki g, , g l d , ll d b , h r ts- - distinguish them from t e lesse tenan ia chief. Th Gemot was a use W am IL who w t e b d by illi , , i h F am ar B s o of Dur am as ermanent u st c ar l b d , i h p h , p J i i , ’ " rave the n s emots over all En an and force d ki g g gl d , d th e rel uctant courts to exact the money which h e claimed for th e king. Feudal dues were systematised by Flambard both from 6 LIFE OF OH N MORT N 3 J O .

h the lan downers and from t e bishops and abbots. H e exacte ues from the successors of th e atter and e d d l , h ld th e reven ues of the see or monastery till some one chose t u h vacant of c fr m hi T u o b y t e fi e o m. his he did as s preme landlord [in the bishopric of Durham

‘ IV. TH E MARRIAGE OF PRIESTS.

The E nglish Ch urch was most distinctly national ; no other country came so near to that ideal state of thi ngs in h n i whic h the Church is t e nation o ts religious side. Papal aut or t t erefore was wea er in E n lan t an e sew ere h i y, h , k g d h l h , and a less careful line was drawn between spiritual and w temporal things and jurisdictions. T o friendly powers er s w a r Th n could take lib tie ith e ch othe . e ational assemblies dealt with ecclesiastical as well as with temporal matters ; one indeed among our ancient laws blames any s o assembly that did otherwi e. Bish p and earl sat together in the oca Gemot to ea w t man matters w c l l d l i h y hi h , accordin to con t nen ta eas s ou ave een a t wit g i l id , h ld h b de l h in se arate courts. And w at in cont nenta e es p , by h i l y seeme a stran e ax t of sc ne r ests m m r f d g l i y di ipli , p i , e be s o ca tu ar od es were often married. Th e En s oc san pi l b i , gli h di e arran ements were un e cont nenta mo e s. In une g lik i l d l J , b a tra t on of Roman ate the s o was b s o f y di i d , bi h p i h p o the H is ocese was mar e the exten f h city. di k d by t o t e civil

ur s ct on of th e c t . H is ome his ea c urc his j i di i i y h , h d h h,

b lzo rtool in th a c urc were all in th c . rir p e he d h h, e ity In Teuton c En an the s o was common s o not of i gl d bi h p ly bi h p, a c t but of a tr e or strict h is st e was t at of a tr e i y, ib di ; yl h ib h is ome his ea c urc his s o stoo m t be an h , h d h h , bi h p l , igh y w r h rr to of t at tr e he e within t e te i ry h ib . St on the reatest o n t of all matters in E n lan were ill, g p i g d ’ thoroughly to William s liking ; nowhere did the ki ng stan d

Gar ner . 1 . di , p 37 W N V I L R MORTON AS A LA YER A D PRI Y COUNC L O . 37

c forth more distinctly as the supreme governor o f the Ch ur h . In E n an as in Norman the r t of the sovere n to gl d , dy . igh ig

the investiture of benefices was anc ient and undisputed. W at E war had free one W am wen t on free h d d ly d , illi ly o n and H ebran mse f never venture on a wor of d i g, ild d hi l d d remonstrance agai nst a power which be deemed so wrongful i W m bu in th e hands of h s own sovereign . illia h ad t to W n r or stan d on the rights of his predecessors. he G eg y as e for oma e for the Crown w c he had in some sort k d h g , hi h W ven W am answere n ee as an E n s n . at gi , illi d i d d gli h ki g h th e kings before him h ad done for or paid to the Roman see that wou h e do and a but t at no n efore , ld p y ; h ki g b

him had ever one nor wou be be th e rst to do it . d , ld fi But while William th us maintained the rights of his Crown he was w n and ea er to do all t at seeme , illi g g h d h n r r su f needful for ecclesiastical reform. And t e ge e al e lt o his reform was to weaken the i n sular independen ce of En an to ma e her C urc more e th e ot er C urc es gl d, k h h lik h h h of th e West and to ncrease the ower of the Roman , i p

bishop. -w Wi lliam had a fellow orker to his taste. The subtle Spirit which h ad helped to rui n his ki ngdom was n ow at h is u W w n t s af r h side to help him to r le it. ithin a fe mo h te t e

ta n of C ester Lanfranc sat on the t rone of Au ust ne. ki g h , h g i As soon as the actua con uest was over W am e an to l q , illi b g v hi n t cc s s r t m t gi e s mi d o e le ia tical matte s. I igh look like sacrilege when be caused all th e monasteries of E ngland to be arr e . But no arm was one to the mon s or t h i d h d k , o w r r f thei r possessions. The holy houses e e sea ched or the boards w c the r c men of En an fear n the new hi h i h gl d, i g

n had a u in the monast c treasur es. W am ki g, l id p i i illi looked on these hoards as part o f the forfeited goods of re e s and carr e t em off ur n th Lent of r o o. b l , i d h d i g e 7 m s or OH N MORTON J .

" V. NOTES FROM THE TWELFTH REPORT OI TH E

H ISTORICAL MSS. COMM ISSION : THE DUKE

’ OF RUTLANDS MSS.

' On asth March [ 1 4 71 ] the Duke of Clarence s father-ia law R c ar Ear of Warw c a resse a etter to Henr , i h d, l i k, dd d l y Vernon (the only one extant)in which he states that ’ o n er E war Me kin s reat enem re e and tra tor y d d d, g g y, b l . i , h avin an e in the north of En lan was marc n g l d d g d, hi g sout war w t a fore n arm of ess t an 3000 m n and h d i h ig y l h e , wit out the oo w of the eo e and he re u re ernon h g d ill p pl , q i d V ” to re a r to C oven tr in all aste oss b e w t as man p i y h p i l , i h y men efens arra e as he cou d rea assem e. , d ibly y d, l dily bl There is no allusion to the death of the Warwick king maker at Barnet on 1 4th April . ' he Lancastr ans were a so efeate on th Ma at i l d d, 4 y, Tew es ur and were esc r be two a s ter arenc k b y , d i d d y la by Cl e “ t e r ate co ea ue as enem es tra tors and re e s In ( h i l ll g ) i , i , b l ” the same etter he sa s t at Edward ate ca e r nce l y h , l ll d p i , was s a n in a n att and t s roves o th r l i pl i b le, hi p t be e ea liest extant authority upon the controverted question as to the manner in w ch the s n of H nr V . met hi at hi o e y I s de h. A Yorki st narrative of the restoration of Edward IV e te b the ate M r. . B ruc for the Cam en Soc et di d y l J e d i y, states more guardedly that the unfortunate young pri nce was taken in fleeing to th e townwards and slain on the field but later writers say he was butc hered by Clarence and others after the fight.

Edwar IV. wr tes a a n to H . ernon on rot Ma d i g i V h y, m c r c and entions the apture of Queen Margaret. Cla en e ment ons the ca ture of La Anne Nev e w om he e i p dy ill , h . lik “ “ ot ers st es the w fe of E war late ca n mse f h , yl i d d, lli g hi l ” r nce and who afterwar s marr e his own rot er the p i , d i d b h ,

Duke of Gloucester. The king states as his reason for soliciting help that the commons of divers parts of his realm were making MORTON As A L AWYER AND PRIVY O N ILL R C U C O . 39

murmurs and commot ons nten n th s r i , i di g e de t uction of the C urc of mse f his or s and all no emen and th e h h, hi l , l d bl , “ r subve sion of the republic of the said realm. Clarence also mentions the malice of certain persons i ntending the estruct on of the C urc and the no e oo of t s an d i h h bl bl d hi l d, and the su vers on of the same an to the tota estruct on b i l d, l d i thereof The charge of hostility to the Church thus brought against the Lancastr ans comes stran e from t e r v ctor ous foes i g ly h i i i , who were accused of having violated th e rights of sanctuary h w after t e Battle of Te kesbury .

V I WAR. I. C VIL

We little know what these ci vil wars meant for the people. The sea orts t reatene sea as an ve in er p , h d by by l d , li d p ’ etual a arm at east so on as the H un re ears War p l , l l g d d Y W h n a tan s had u t protracted its terrors. hen t e i h bi t b il s s to uar the ar our and rov e mone for t e r hip g d h b , p id d y h i v ctua n and the sa ar es of the crew t e were ca e out i lli g l i , h y ll d to repair towers and carry cartloads of rocks and stones to be laid on the walls for defending the town in resisting the ’ " l K n s n m es uns had to be carr e to the C urc i g e e i . G i d h h or th e Common H ouse on s e s or a in ts at the town l d , l id pi

ates and un stones sa t etre and e et ow er ou t. g , g , l p , p ll p d b gh For weeks together watchmen were posted in th e church towers with horns to give warni ng if a foe appeared ; and es of straw ree s and woo were ea e u on the sea pil , d , d h p d p coast to kindle beacons and watc h towers. ’ Even if the townsfolk gathered for a day s amusement to a a in th court- ouse a watc was set est the hear pl y e h , h l r tr s ’I enemy should set fire to thei s eet .

‘ om. ix. 1 1 . For the stren t en n of H ist. MSS. C , , 4 g h i g

Canterbury wall against the French .

- - . om. v. 2 3 . Hist. MSS C , , 4, 49 3 -“ O O 4o LIIE or J IIN MO RT N .

In an towns were in tt e etter case . C v war oca l d li l b i il , l l reb e on attac s from so me ne our n ord outbreaks lli , k ighb i g l , among the followers of a great noble lodged withi n their wa s at the ea of an arm of reta ners all the recurr n ll h d y i , i g nc ents of s e e and tc e att e ru e rem n ed i id i g pi h d b l , d ly i d

in offen sive shopkeepers and artisans of their military calli ng. These local con flicts were frequen t and were fought out

w t reat v o ence and eterm nat on . For exam e in i h g i l d i i pl , 1 44 1 the Archbishop of York determined to fight for his r v e es in R on Fa r and en a e zoo men-at-arms p i il g ip i , g g d from Scot an and the Marc es at s x ence or a s n l d h , i p hilli g ‘ a da eac w e a or s re ent eman Sir o n l lum ton y h , hil Y k hi g l , J h p , at ere 00 men and at the att e t at ensue more t an g h d 7 , b l h d , h ' 1 000 arrows were discharged by them. Within the town territory the burghers had to serve at th eir own cost an d charges ; but when the ki ng called out their forces to join h is army th e mun icipal officers h ad to et the cont n en t rea to rov e t e r ress and a es g i g dy, p id h i d b dg , to a o nt th e ca ta n and to at er in mone from the pp i p i , g h y ’ var us ar s es for th e so ers a or e se the consta es io p i h ldi p y, l bl to be set in r so n to a e to suc t me as it be conten t p i , bid h i and paid When they were sent to a distance their fe ow-townsmen ou t rovis on of sa t fi s and ann ers ll b gh p i l h p i , or rea oxes for the carr a e of t e r foo and re uctant b d b i g h i d, l ly rov e a scant wa e w c was et more re uctant p id d y g , hi h y l ly do e out to the so er his officer and er a s nev r l d ldi by , p h p e ‘ reached his pocket at all. Un versa conscr t on rove t en as now the reat i l ip i p d h , , g r inculcator of peace. To the burghe called from the loom and the dyeing pit or the market stall to take down his bow

‘ P um ton Corres on ence liv. lxn. l p p d , , '

Dane s Yor k 1 8 Stu s . 0 H st. MSS. Com. , 3 ; bb , ii , 3 9 i , ix. , 1 4 3. l

IV C H A PTE R .

J OH N MORTON AS MASTER OF THE ROLLS.

T m; character in which M o rton a ppea red most a V was pro minen t duri ng the reign of Edw rd I . a o th s H is atent is th t of M aste r f e Roll . p da te 1 6th a c 1 2 en t at o ffi ce had d M r h , 47 , wh h

eco e a n o ta nt offi ce . o n de Lan ton b m imp r j h g , s o o f c este in th e e n of a Bi h p Chi h r, r ig Edw rd L in 1 286 was the st who ece ve a st nct , , fir r i d di i a ppointment as M aster of the Rolls; This o fficer was o rigi na lly appoi nted for the super i n ten dence o f writs and records apperta in ing to th e common law depa rtment of the Cou rt o f a nc r At a t h u c a ut es Ch e y . wh t ime t e j di i l d i o f the Cou rt of the Master of the Rolls co m m nc d is a s t n ns ffe e e ubj ec on which o pi io di r. T h e duties were not clea rly defi ned till the re n f Th a n of the aste ig o George I I . e p te t M r s hip o f the Rolls was renewed to M orto n on an d M a 1 t e ss on to es e in y , 4 75 , wi h p rmi i r id a n y pa rt of the to wn which might suit his co n v n n c fo e ie e. The rmer paten t had implied the necessity of his residing in the Domus Con OH N MORTON As MASTER OF THE ROL J LS. 4 3 ve rsoru m o r ouse of on ve te e s , H C r d J w , c t its successo th e o s o use whi h , wi h r, R ll H , con ti n ued to be the official reside nce of the aste s u n t th s n t n tu M r il e pre e ce ry . H is O f ce was no s necu e fo r th e u c fi i r , p bli documen ts h ad ev iden tly falle n i n to co n fusio n u n h v war The st a n can ta n d ri g t e ci il . hi ori Ob i little o r no assista n ce du ri ng this period fro m a n y ex isti ng records of th e Pri vy Cou n cil bu t the rolls of Pa rlia m en t show how diligen tly o to n a ou to n t n t s Dr. M r l b red bri g hem i o ome t n u a t a nd fo H is a o u s in hi g like reg l ri y rm . l b r t s e a t e nt e e u c ac n o e e hi d p r m w r p bli ly k wl dg d , a nd as t e not o f necess t e o n to his h y did , i y , b l g o f ce as aste o f the o s t e s o his fi M r R ll , h y h w st n u s n ess ca a t ro g b i p ci y. The irregu larities o f th e time were i ncreased ’ a IV s te na t on t ee t n s by Edw rd . de rmi i o k p hi g in h is wn a n s o u h was f n of o h d . Alth gh e o d easu e e t he wa s a ma n o f us ness a nd pl r , y b i , ha d h is ey e upo n e ve ry departme n t o f the B it was s n S ta te. u t impo sible for the ki g to ma ste all the eta s a nd so e o n t to th e r d il , m p i ex stence o f two o c ance o s one to a t i l rd h ll r , w i upo n th e ki ng in Fra n ce a nd the other to O fficiate in E n a n a s o ne of the esu ts o f gl d, r l t t v s on In th ea this co n trol wi hou super i i . e y r 1 4 73 du ri ng th e ill ne ss of L ord Cha ncello r t n ton he was for a s o t ti e en t uste S illi g , h r m r d li MO TO 44 LIFE or j o N R N .

w ith the custody o f the G rea t Seal he nce this idea h as a risen There is a cha tty letter ‘ a mo ngst the P astor: L etter s which refers to s a The n a t s n t f r the e irregu l rities. ki g h h e o a a o e sa w s a ave a h is Gre t Se l . S m y e h ll h n ew c a nce o bu t so e t n t a t th e n h ll r, m hi k h ki g — do th as h e did at the last field he will have

th sea t but t s da . o to n e l wi h him ; hi y Dr M r , aste of th e o s et to the n a nd M r R ll , rid h ki g, ea et th e seast seals t b r h ( )wi h him . ea n oo in h is L ives o Me A r c/1 6133000: D H k , f 7 Ca n ter bur t eats so fu o f the fe a nd qf y , r lly li f o o on un wa V a a cts o Bish p M rt der Ed rd I . th t I ca n not do better tha n quote his accoun t of h t em . Th e n a IV desi ned to ta e ki g, Edw rd g k

v en ea nce on . t e n of ance Lou s X L g h Ki g Fr , i . fo r the assistance he had rendered to the Ea rl f a c in his a te e e n H e wa o W rwi k l r b llio . s u rged to attack Fran ce by the D uke of ' B u rgundy a nd o ther disco n ten ted vassa ls of the F enc n e ca n a to r h ki g. Th y lled o Edw rd a ssert once mo re th e cla im of the Ki ng o f E n an to the enc t one and ofesse gl d Fr h hr , pr d t e ea ness to do o a a h ir r di him h m ge. Edw rd a cte t ecaut on H e secu e th f en d wi h pr i . r d e ri d s i of the n of co t a o t n was h p Ki g S l nd . M r o sen t on an e ass in 1 to the e o mb y, 474 , Emp r r OH N MORTON AS MASTE R o r T11E ROL LS J . 4 5

a nd to th e n of u n a to conce t a Ki g H g ry, r ea ue t t e a a nst L ou s X I l g wi h h m g i i . The ki ng was occupied du ri ng tha t yea r in ra isi ng sufficie n t fu n ds to suppo rt th e a rmy r c h wa w ec u n fo whi h e s no r r i ti g. H e i n tro duced the system Of benevo lences ; a nd when we co n n ec t th e high favo u r wi th Edwa rd to which M o rton had sudden ly ri sen wi th the u n derha nd modes of ra i si ng money a fterwa rds a o te the se van ts of en VII of d p d by r H ry . , o o ton was o ne we ust sus ect t a t wh m M r , m p h the Maste r of th e Rolls ha d some sha re in suggesti n g to the roya l mi n d that pla n o f e n e vo en ces a t rst so a us e a nd ea so b l , fi pl ibl r lly O ess ve ppr i . Whe n a ll was pla n ned a nd prepa red for a fo e n ex e t on a ev e e his t oo s r ig p di i , Edw rd r i w d r p

“ t a n H is a co ns ste o f a S dwich . rmy i d 1 5 00 m n- a t—a a a c e s o a n e rms nd r h r . Fr m S d wic h be despatched the C a rter Ki ng- at - Arms wi th a dema nd fo r th e Fren ch c ro wn from L ou is ’ ‘ tten sa s De o nes in suc an wri , y C mmi , h elega n t style and in such poli te la nguage that I ca n scarcely believe tha t a n E nglishma n wrote it H e m e ate sa e for a a s his own i m di ly il d C l i ,

to n e e h e was to ece ve a n an s e . w , wh r r i w r By modern histo ria ns the tra nsactio n s which then took place are considered to have been discreditable not on ly to Edwa rd but also F M TO 46 LIFE O JOH N OR N .

to his no es and n ste s nc u n o to n. bl mi i r , i l di g M r They a re supposed to ha ve reflected disgrace u But an o s te O n on pon the coun try. ppo i pi i may be fo rmed by those who examine th e f a nd s ass na In the subject ca re ully di p io tely. st ace we ust e e e t at the c a to fir pl , m r m mb r h l im th e cro wn Of Fra n ce by the Ki ngs of E ngla nd was personal ; there was no i n tention of ma ki ng a n c and n an n na on s was Fr e E gl d o e ti . Thi c lea rly demanded by Pa rliamen t and asserted d a efo e he cou o ta n su es by E w rd I I I . b r ld b i ppli

fo r his enc war. Bu t not t stan n t s Fr h wi h di g hi , a wa r with Fra nce was always popula r in n s s s D an . It wa u e to be su o te a e E gl d r pp r d, o nes o se ves the no t co ons C mmi b r , by bili y, mm .

a n d c e f o t e es e of a n . l rgy, r m h ir d ir g i When Edward reached Calais he fou n d tha t th e u e of u u n a t ou ext e e D k B rg dy, l h gh r m ly es ous of S a n in the s o s Of the wa r d ir h ri g p il , w a s e ither u nable o r unwilli ng to prov ide the promised assistance ; a nd thus ha vi ng the pros eet of co n ten n t the e nem sin le- a n e p di g wi h y g h d d , h e was as anx ious to en ter i nto a trea ty as Lou is w as to s propo e one. A meeti ng between the two kings was a rra nged in which to discuss the terms o f the

t eat a had the va nta e un . r y. Edw rd g gro d T h e ov tu e of eace was a s er r p m de by L ou i . on the co ss ne s w acco n to A m g mmi io r ere, rdi g OH N MORTON AS MASTER OF TH E ROLL J S. 47

o m nes Lo o a o ne Chalen er C mi , rd H w rd , g ,

‘ ’ a nd One Doctor M o rton ; there was in fact a not e — a u e ean of the a e h r Willi m D dl y , D Ch p l The te s n a a ee u o n Royal . rm fi lly gr d p were that the Ki ng of E ngla nd shou ld return to E ngland wi th his a rmy as soon as Lou is had the su m of ns pa id him 7 crow . A truce of seven yea rs was con cl uded et een the two sove e ns co enc n at b w r ig , mm i g th e a te o f t eat a nd te na t n a t sun set d r y, rmi i g

o n th e 2 th of u ust 1 8 2 . nce a es 9 A g , 4 Pri Ch rl , son of L ou s X L was to wed za et i , Eli b h , V au te of a I . as soon as t e d gh r Edw rd , h y a a Th f were of m rriagea ble ge. e Ki ng o Fra nce engaged to pay an n ually to the Ki ng of n an in two nsta en ts the su m of E gl d, i lm , ns crow . It must have been pecu liarly gra tifyi ng to o to n to a ve een n st u en ta o n the 2 1h M r h b i r m l , 9 u ust in ne ot a t n the a n so m fo r uee n A g , g i i g r Q a a t Lou s st u a te to a M rg re . i ip l d p y for h er anso a n d on th e a en t of the r m , p ym first i nstalmen t on th e 3rd N ovember ' follow in th e u nfo tu nate a was e tte to u t g, r l dy p rmi d q i the s o es of n a n to c she n e ve h r E gl d, whi h r u n ret r ed . Among the officers wh o composed the o u n c o f n a in a nce a nd e e C il Ki g Edw rd Fr , w r

' attac e to his ouse o Lou s st ute h d h h ld, i di rib d OF H N MORT N 4 8 LIFE JO O .

c o ns e we e no t n u e ous a nd r w . Th y r m r , the c a n ce o ch s o ot e a a nd h ll r, Ar bi h p R h rh m , o to n th e aste o f the o s are Dr. M r , M r R ll , a mo ng the pe rson s pa rticula rly na med as ‘ hav i ng their sh are in this spoili ng of the ’ a ns t ou o ton was mun ifi Egypti . Al h gh M r c n t on eat occas o ns et h e was a va c ous e gr i , y ri i a nd as n he was co nse uen t neve a gr pi g ; , q ly, r man At the sa e t e he had the u a . pop l r m im , facu t of attac n to se f e so na a nd l y hi g him l p r lly, — of wi n n i ng the frie ndship sometimes (as in th e case of Sir Thomas M o re)the en thusiastic — friendship of those who we re by circu mstances

co n necte t . H e was se f a n d wi h him him l ki d , o a evote f e n eve ea to ass st and l y l , d d ri d , r r dy i su o t all in o his confi ence was ace pp r wh m d pl d . V h eca e a e s na f en To E a d I . e o dw r b m p r l ri d , a nd on h is friendship the queen and her family s t e n ts e e in acco a nce re lied . Their en im w r rd The fa o f za et with his own . mily Eli b h W dville had een La ncast ans and t e y b ri , h y n ever harmonised in feeli ng wi th the old

o st fa es. ese in t e tu n had Y rki mili Th , h ir r , n o sympathy with Lancastrians such as M or ton who had eco e o a to a e , b m l y l Edw rd m rely because there was no longer a Lancastrian n prete der in the field . “ In 1 o ton es ne the aste s 479, M r r ig d M r hip o f the o s in favou of his ne e o e t R ll r ph w, R b r

L FE r O H N MORT N 50 I o J O .

H e a e fo r h is nsta at o n of c e pr p r d i ll i , whi h w ss s u sc n It was con e po e s a mi n te de riptio . duc ted o n a sca le of suc h magn ificence as to s o t at if o to n was ea e in a s n o ne h w h , M r g r r i i g m y, h was n n n his x n u e ot igga rdly i e pe dit re. It was to a s the end of u ust t at w rd A g h , a cco a n e his ne e o e t the ne mp i d by ph w R b r , wly a o n te aste of the o s he a ve a t o ne pp i d M r R ll , rri d o f the e sco a ano s not far f o ca e pi p l m r , r m Ely, ll d o t n was v n a man of Do wn ha m . M r o e ide tly ea nest e t a t ou the fo of his et r pi y, l h gh rm pi y a ssu e in a n e s ects at we s ou m d , m y r p , wh h ld n o w a as su s n n he oo e reg rd per titio . Whe l k d a c to h is ast sto a nd con te ate h is b k p hi ry, mpl d resen t e evat o n be was O esse a ee p l i , ppr d by d p se nse o f h u mility ; a n d it was in accorda nce with th e feeli ng of the age to ma ke a n ou tward demo nstra tion o f what it would have been c s t nc a hypo ri y o co e l . “ On a rri v i ng a t Downham he desired h e m t n t n u igh o be i terr pted by secula r busi ness. fte a n t asse in a e a nd e et A r igh p d pr y r, whil y fast n he set ou t on the o n n of the 2 th i g, , m r i g 9 u us t a f t o o o n a to . H A g , w lk r m D w h m Ely e was a rrayed o n ly in his rochet ; his head was u ncove e his feet e x ose to the a r d , wer e p d h rd un h had no H is o e t on h i sa n a s. ea s gr d , s d l b d e e in his an and he evou t utte e his w r h d , d ly r d '

Pa ter nost s. H r u c e e este at . a s r r d S M y Ch r h , OHN MORTON AS MASTER OF TH E R LLS I J O . S

ta n his seat in the c ance a n d a n a n ki g h l , m ki g offe n of five s n s e eve on t s ri g hilli g . Wh r r, hi occas on he a e an Offe n the sum of five i , m d ri g n s is n n Th a a Shilli g me tio ed . e p rochi l clergy e e a oac e t e new s o a nd ev nce h r ppr h d h ir bi h p, i d

t e u t as n his feet so e his h ir h mili y by w hi g , il d by a w lk. Th e parochial clergy formed a procession . The s o st a efoo te a nd his ea bi h p , ill b r d h d

u ncove e a oac e the cat e a . The r d , ppr h d h dr l ea t est oo as he e nea was t o n gr w d r, dr w r, hr w n H a se his s a nd sa w h c o e Ope . e r i d eye t e r wd d ca thedral splendidly decorated th e whole path wa y alo ng the nave from th e west door to the high alta r ca rpe ted ; tapers blazi ng fro m all the a ta s a nd in f on t of eve s n e th e t one l r , r ry hri ; hr festoo ned with flowe rs ; the mon ks a rra nged in a s c a h n an The o emi ircle t t e e tr ce. lord pri r deli vered him to the asper sor ium hav i ng touc e the o a te a nd c osse he h d h ly w r r d him , as e se the c a te a nd th e a c eaco n and p r d h p r, r hd s b- n ns t h u prior i ce ed he bis o p. The c oss was a n e to he sse it r h d d him ki d , a nd a s n se f stoo es e it e th e , r i i g him l , d b id whil nota ublic in a c ea and st nct vo ce ea ry p , l r di i i , r d th e o a an ate for his nsta a t on c r y l m d i ll i , whi h t f a s o deta iled th e du ies o bi hop. The l rd bishop signified his readi ness to make the usual oat s and t s one the ecentor h , , hi d , pr “ 52 LIFE OI J OIIN MORTON .

' ' nto ne the P r ef er summra Tr tm tattlr a nd the i d , v t th a procession mo ed o e high l ta r. “ ’ The bishop s serif/e was as splendidly de co ra t d as the t rone a nd cont aste t the e h , r d wi h u n a o ne t a ve -sta ne man who nstea of d r d , r l i d , , i d sea t n se f ent the nee e o ve i g him l , b k , whil r him

th e o o a e . H e ose a nd nee n l rd pri r pr y d r , . k li g fi' e fo e the a ta O ered his five s n s. b r high l r, hilli g The ecen to n tone the 0 R ex Clt r i rte a nd pr r i d , th e c o too u the c a nt the o e con h ir k p h , wh l re a tio n o n n st the s o e n t in g g j i i g, whil bi h p w ss n o h s n f E theldreda e e oce o t t e e O . pr i hri S , wh r ff S n h e aga i n O e red five hilli gs. e e was a not e t o ne a nd a a n the H r h r hr , g i s o ne t as efo e e ove the bi h p k l b r , whil r him ’ ' ' lo o sa the a e Den: u t ex zmza rd pri r id pr y r, q T e e a nd castitatzk etc. h cs e e ex ose , r li w r p d , o ne one t e e e sse the b s o by h y w r ki d by i h p, wh o o nce o e o ffe e five s n s as he m r r d hilli g , a t eac s ne c h e v s te in did h hri , whi h i i d o rder. H e was st a e foote a nd c a o n in ill b r d , l d ly his rochet ; but when a ll th e shri nes had been v s te he en te e the vest and th e ca t e a i i d , r d ry , h dr l c lergy washed his feet ; and with due ceremo ny a nd a e t e a a e in his o n tificals pr y r h y rr y d him p . e was s ence fo s ac an Ther il r a p e. M y were evout a n ost eve e e was d ly pr yi g. Alm ry y u ne t a s h v st o h v c of t r d ow rd t e e ry do r. T e oi e H RT N AS MASTER or THE RO S JO N MO O LL . 53

was Th v s w the choir hea rd . e e try door as f en The ocess on ca e o t . op . pr i m r h Last of a ll a ea e in all the a n cence pp r d, m g ifi o f his o n tificals h is e e e t e on his ea p , j w ll d mi r h d , his c as to a s ta ff in his ove a n his ri h p r l gl d h d , feet clad wi th Sandals and treadi ng the rich f v ca e t the L o B s o o . e nee rp , rd i h p Ely E ry k was en t as st o n one s e t en o n the ot e b , , fir id h h r, h v n o n Th e o s e wa ed his be edicti . l rd bi hop stoo es e th e eat t o ne c was ace d b id gr hr , whi h pl d

nea h a ta a a n was s e nt. Th r t e high l r. All g i il e co ss on o f the c eacon o f a n te u mmi i Ar hd C rb ry , a esse to th e L o o th e c eaco n o f ddr d rd Pri r, Ar hd a nd h e f th s wa s a Th t e o e o e . e Ely, Cl rk R ll , r d o o too th e s o the t a n l rd pri r k bi h p by righ h d, a nd acco a n e the ot e co ss one s , mp i d by h r mmi i r , a st the S outs o f the asse e u t tu e mid h mbl d m l i d , seate t Th S d h e bishop on h is thro ne . e hou t asse nto a co a es onse the o e co n p d i rdi l r p , wh l re a tio n o n n in the Te Deu m c the g g j i i g , whi h ecen to had n tone a nd the o e c o was pr r i d , wh l h ir S n n i gi g. “ e the Te Dem/z was su n th e s o Whil g, bi h p, escen n f o his t one a nd a tten e d di g r m hr , d d by the on s ocee e to h is sta in the c o m k , pr d d ll h ir, where the lord prio r an d the other commis sion ers nsta e Th n . e s o ow en i ll d him bi h p, t one a nd nsta e ove to th e serif/e hr d i ll d , m d ef h a f o e t e a t t . r h ec v b r l r o S . Pe er H e e e r ei ed L IFE or OH N MORTON 54 J .

a th a n h n v n th e ho m ge o f e prior d t e co e t. ac en he had eac e the est of the E h , wh r h d high t ee ste s en t th e nee a nd ss n first th e hr p , b k , ki i g a n and t en th e ch ec k of the s o ee e h d h bi h p, wh l d O ff to the vest e e th e s o o ne ry, wh r bi h p j i d e H t n ce a t ass t th m . e he lebr ed high m wi h ea t s e m n and gr ol i ty melody. Whe n the ceremon ies in the chu rch we re con c u e the s o too ossess on of th e l d d , bi h p k p i a e a s n s a t was p lace . H er ple did ho pit li y

e x te to a ll co e s c or oo . The hibi d m r , ri h p r invited a nd p rivileged guests were in the ’ s o s o wn a a nd as u sua we ossess a bi h p h ll , , l, p bill of fa re which i n dicates tha t in the time o f o ton as in ou r own a e enc coo s e e M r , g , Fr h k w r e o e a nd t a t t e esc e t e a n mpl y d, h h y d rib d h ir h di o in h enc a n u w rk t e Fr h l g age . “ ’ e e e e of cou se a n su t t es of Th r w r r m y b il i , w c we nee n o n n on It was a hi h d me ti o ly e. ev ce o f e a nd con fect o ne in c d i j lly i ry, whi h reference is made to the ki ng

Think e thank e re ate of reat r se , p l g p i , That it hath pleased the abundant grace Of K i ng Edward in all his actions wise

Th ee to promote higher to his plese. This little Isle while thou hast time and space F r h u c o to repair . As aye t y b sy are w For thy re ard of H eaven thou shalt be sure. V CHAPTE R .

OH N MORTON AS B ISH OP OF E LY J .

' D UR ING the rema i n i ng yea rs o f Edwa rd s life Bishop M o rto n remai ned in pri va te life a nd in the sc a e o f his cc H di h rg e lesiastical duties. e e n o o nen t os t o n in th e ta t a t h ld pr mi p i i S e . Th Edward rega rded him as a pe rso na l friend is ce ta n a nd he was a o n te in 1 o ne Of r i , pp i d 475 ’ th e commissio ne rs for pa yi ng O ff the ki ng s e ts ou t o f the oce s o f h is va d b pr ed pri te esta te . It is ge ne rally asse rted tha t M o rto n wa s e ngaged in th e educatio n o f the Pri nce o f

a es. h s is h o a e bu t if it e e W l T i ighly pr b bl , w r s b occu a su n t os n H e o e pied bo rdi a e p i tio . ma ave een a n o f r va te tu to who y h b ki d p i r, u ndertook to tra i n th e h eir- a pparen t in th e ways of v irtue a t the ea rnest request o f a n a nx ious fa t her. The leisu re ho urs of M o rto n were now occupied in la yi ng in those sto res of learn i ng a n d o f t o u t c a t a fu tu e e o h gh whi h , r p ri d , enabled him to beco me one o f th e most emi nent — sta tesmen of o u r cou n try himself probably a n 6 LIFE OF OH N M RT N 5 J O O .

a ut o and ce ta n the a cenas t h r, r i ly M o rising exce enc ll e. H is recreation was in the culti vation of t ose ex tens ve a ens a o n h i g rd t H lbor . H is mans on - ouse ca e the e to et e t i h , ll d B ll, g h r wi h n ne cotta es in o o n e e e ueat e i g H lb r , w r b q h d by s o in 1 2 8 to the onven t of Bi h p Kirkby 9 C Ely, to be the to wn residence of the bishops of that

- See. v ne a tc en a en o c a and A i y rd , ki h g rd , r h rd , e nclosed pasture were added in 1 32 7by Bishop

ot a . c s o un e en s o H h m Ar hbi h p Ar d l , wh Bi h p of e u t the ouse a nd a e the ate Ely, r b il h , dd d g use n The oun s occu ho in fro t. gr d pied twenty ac es r . e e e a s orto n asse the a est H r , p rh p , M p d h ppi a nd est ea s of his eventfu fe occas o na b y r l li , i lly v s t n his o t e ano s a nd o n the u t es i i i g h r m r , d i g d i o f his e sco a of ce en he was not a t n pi p l fi , wh w i i g u t c H e ene e a so his nte pon he pri n e. r w d l i r c u se t Oxfo e e he had a n f en s o r wi h rd , wh r m y ri d , a nd whe re h e enjoyed the conversatio n of l l m n earned e .

In 1 8 the n e e n atten 4 3 ki g di d, b i g ded du n his ast ness the s o Of ri g l ill by Bi h p Ely, who su e nten e the o a fune a ass ste p ri d d r y l r l , i d by

th e s o of L nco n . usse . s o Bi h p i l , Dr R ll Bi h p M o rton was appoi nted one of the execu to rs in

1 Vida Lives o Me A rrkbrirlto r Wa ter Far u ar f p , by l q h

k cha . xxi . . 0 to 1 . H oo , p i , pp 4 5 4 7

8 LIFE OF OH N MORT 5 J ON . less he circu m ven ted and destroyed that party fi s I his n n v r t. f oppo e ts would ha e permitted h im to retai n the rega l po we r in his han ds u nder th e na e of o tecto he ou at st ave m pr r, w ld fir h been sat s e but afte a s o t t a he fo esa i fi d, r h r ri l r w ' t ha t by the q ueen s pa rty the protector would a a s b t a H e te lw y e hw rted and o pposed. e d r m i ned therefo re to place himself upo n the t o n s h the hr e. Thi e proceeded to do wi th c oncurrence o f the three esta tes in Pa rlia m ent a n d a st th e e n t us ast c s ou ts o f , mid h i i h t he o pe ple. T H e now set himself two things to do . he ast n s a t who had een u te n to H i g p r y, b q i willi g dest o t a t of the ueen was not e a e to r y h q , pr p r d su c so in n it had v w c umb to him tur to gi e ay . The next thi ng was to su rround himself wi th a f c s was n n u mili ta ry o r e . Thi do e by i trod ci ng a ua n to the c t a a e o o f men gr d lly i i y l rg b dy , a mou n ti ng to wea ri ng the li ve ry e i the r o f the D uke o f Gloucester or Du ke of B ucki ng h a m u n e the ea o f ese v n eace a t the , d r pl pr r i g p o n c o mi ng c rona tio . ’ c a was e a e for a cou d ttat Ri h rd pr p r d p , w c e n ta e the est uct o n of ast n s hi h il d d r i H i g , h is ersona f en a nd th e e ova of M o r p l ri d , r m l

to n wh o h ad led fo r so e ea s a co a a t ve , m y r mp r i ly e t re fe but wh o o u n ot sa n ct o n a n r i d li , w ld i y measures in the Pri vy Cou ncil which might OH N MORTON AS BISHOP F E Y J O L . 59 ten to the n u of his o a u the son of d i j ry r y l p pil , his enefacto n and f en b r, ki g, ri d . Th e accou n t of this is told i n imitably in what is SO well known as the Stra wberry S cene

in n c a act . se. . We ave Ki g Ri h rd iii , 4 h the sto f o the est aut o t o ton ry r m high h ri y, M r s f wh o na a te i e t to o as o e. him l , rr d Sir Th m M r On a 1 th une 1 8 the s o o f Frid y , 3 J , 4 3, Bi h p av n atten e th e se v ce a t his c a e Ely , h i g d d r i h p l , had ta ke n h is usual stroll through his ga rden a t o o n a nd t e n e a e to the ou n c H lb r , h r p ir d C il a e in the o e ex ect n to t a nsact Ch mb r T w r, p i g r he o na o ut n e o f us ness t rdi ry r i b i . The otecto a ve ate but oo pr r rri d l , g d h u mou redly apologised fo r keepi ng the Co uncil

a t n . t t ue sta tes a n e astu teness w i i g Wi h r m lik , h e concea e all his t o u ts and fee n s and l d h gh li g , j ested wi th the Bishop of Ely a bout his ga rden

' and his s t a e es . L o o f en r wb rri My rd Ely, wh I wa s last in H o lborn I saw good strawberries ’ in ou a en t en eseec ou sen fo r y r g rd , h I d b h y d ’ so e of t e . H is o s ease at the m h m l rd hip, pl d co ent es a tc e a se va n t for th e de mplim , d p h d r f sired ruit. The protecto r soon after requested permis s o n to et e bu t e e the o s u n his i r ir , b gg d l rd , d ri g

a sence to co n t n ue t e e e a t on s. In b , i h ir d lib r i a u t a n ou h e u n H h s bo h r ret r ed . e too k i place a a n a t the ou nc oa but so et n u n g i C il B rd, m hi g LIFE or H N MORTON 6 0 JO .

n a occu e is face S o e eat pleasa t h d rr d . H h w d gr d s eas e a nd ass o n H e su en sta te i pl ur p i . dd ly r d u e a n n at u n s en t was due to p, d m di g wh p i hm those who had co mpassed the dea th o f one like h se f c ose a e to the n and ent uste im l , l ly lli d ki g, r d w t th fu n ct o ns of th ov n t i h e i e G e rn me . Th e lo rds we re con founded by th e ma n ner rat e t an the o r s o f t s a ess h r h by w d hi ddr . ‘ ast n s was the st to s ea u e H i g fir p k S r ly , m o oeve t e be t e ese ve to y l rd , wh r h y , h y d r ' ‘ ’ be u n s e as t a to s ose t a to s a rc p i h d r i r Th r i r , ‘ ’ exc a e c a ot e s fe a nd l im d Ri h rd , my br h r wi his st ess ane o e see ho w t e mi r , J Sh r ; by h ir so rcery a nd wi tchcra ft they have mise ra bly ’ dest o e b And r y d my ody . therewi th he uc e u his ou et s eeve to the e o pl k d p d bl l lb w , u on his eft arm e e he s o e a e p l , wh r h w d w irdly ’ t e e a rm a d s a wi h r d n m ll . “ ‘ ’ e ta n o e e ast n s C r i ly, my l rd , r pli d H i g , ‘ if they have i ndeed done any such thi ng e s be t s v n th y de e rve to bo h e erely pu ished . ‘ ’ A nd do ou ans e me e o ne the y w r , r j i d ‘ rotec to in a vo ce of t un e t ifs p r, i h d r, wi h an d an s ? te t ee t a to t e ave d I ll h , r i r, h y h o ne it and t ou in t s v a n ast o ne d , h hi ill i y h j i d

w t t e . Yea b o au s ea t at i h h m , y h ly P l , I w r h di ne I will not un til thy head be brought to ’ m e. With his clenched hand he struck the OH N MORTON AS msu o v OF E LY 6 1 J . ta e a nd es o ns ve to th e s na ere th e bl , r p i ig l , cou nc cou oo u th e ua had us e il ld l k p, g rd r h d ‘ i nto the roo m wi th shou ts o f Treaso n ! ’ ason ! was con fus o n eats a n d “ tre All i . S o v u n L a n in tables were e rt r ed . ord St ley the ' ‘ mélce ece ve a o f o a o -ax and r i d bl w r m p le e, the blood was strea mi ng down his ea rs. M ea ntime H as ti ngs had been h urried off to h s o th execut on . T e c of o e i Ar hbi h p Y rk, s o of a nd ce ta n o t e o s e e Bi h p Ely, r i h r l rd w r t a t so n s told h t hey were pri er . The impriso n men t of M o rto n ca used a sensa tion no t so m uch amo ng politicia ns as a o n men o f te a u a nd e a n n The m g li r t re l r i g. Uni ve rsi ty o f Oxfo rd prese n ted a pe ti tio n on his a f t n sa s n t on e t e A . oo in b h l , wri , y A h y W d , La t n no ess e o uent a nd tt n t an cir i , l l q fi i g h ums c a a The u n v s t m c pe t nd w ry . i er i y co en e the eve e n a t e in st the m d d R r d F h r Chri , L o s o of to the c e enc o f the rd Bi h p Ely, l m y ost st a n n c a “L as e n m Chri i Ki g Ri h rd , b i g n o t only one of the most emi nen t sons of the un ve s t bu t a so a e a at on a nd as i r i y, l lib r l p r , o n e who ha d been to them a ll a n i nd ulgen t fa h o not fo r a o ent a ve ther. T ey w uld m m h pleaded his cause if his sa fety enda nge red the n te est o f the n but t e had conv n ce i r ki g, h y i d themsel ves that his errors did not arise from a ce e ense and afo et ou t but e e m li pr p r h gh , m r ly 6 2 LIFE o r OH N MORTO N J .

f o ove s t and u an fra h s r m r igh h m ilty. T e bowel o f the u n ive rsity we re moved in pity at th e la men ta ble distress of her dea rest son ; she was e ve n as Rachel weepi ng ove r her chil dren they therefo re pray the ki ng with m uch rheto ric to perfo rm an act of clemency which would be accepta ble to the who le u a n Ch rch d redou nd to his own honou r. Richard had alwa ys professed h is readi n ess to serve the u n ve s t and had een i r i y, b pa rticula rly gratified by the rece ption which th e un i versity gave him when he v isited xfo a ft his na H t f O rd er coro tion. e here ore a cce e to its re uest so fa r as to e ove d d q , r m M orto n from the Tower and to consign him t o the custo Of the u e of uc n a dy D k B ki gh m ,

“ " a t ec noc in a es. Br k k , W l

N TE T O S O CH APTER V .

’ I. EXTRACTS FROM B ENTHAM S E L Y.

W e Morton was B s o of El he execute a wor hil i h p y, d k o f very large expense and si ngular utility for draini ng the Fen s and exten n nav at on t at cut of fo rt feet in di g ig i , by h y breadth and four in depth from Wisbech to Peterborough ’ w c is ca e the N w L m or Morton s Leann e n in hi h ll d e ea e e, b i g H c n u h m course twelve miles long. e also o tin ed t e sa e t rou W s ec and ot er c uts ma e a new outfa to h gh i b h , by h d ll ’ H fi th B s P the sea. e also rebuilt and beauti ed e i hop s alace

‘ ' Lrwr Me Ca nterbur Wa t r qf q/ y , by l e

uhar H k v l. . . 30 0. Farq oo , o v , pp 4 to 43 OH N MORTON AS B ISHOP OF E LY J . at H at e and re u t th e cast e at W s ec and man fi ld , b il l i b h ; y other i nstances of his liberality in repai ri ng edifices at Canter ur Lambet M a stone A n to n Par C ar n b y, h , id , lli g k, h i g, and Ford are mentioned by Leland . At Oxford h e repaired the Canon Law Sc oo and was a ar e con tr utor to the h l , l g ib ' re u n f S. M ar s urc and h D v n b ildi g o y Ch h t e i i ity Sc hool . H is arms are still remaini ng upon the tower of Wisbech

Church . B h is w he ma e ar e e uests to ous uses and y ill d l g b q pi , among them he left to his ancien t ch urch of Ely h is sil ver cross we n 2 ounces and his e sc o a m tre r c , ighi g 35 , pi p l i , i hly set w t ear s and rec ous stones in return for w c i h p l p i ; hi h , and also in gratitude for many other favours con ferred on t em both w e he sat as sho t ere and afterwar s as h , hil bi p h , d on as he ve the Pr or and Convent of El o e l g li d, i y blig d “ t emse ves to find at t e r own ex ense one of t e r h l , h i p , h i monks to say daily the mass of requiem for h is so ul and the so u s of h is a rents fr en s an d enefactors for twent l p , i d , b y years from the time of his death ; and that th e said monk in ever suc mass s ou after th e rea n of th e Gos e y h h ld, di g p l, in o n to the avator sa the Psa m De ro nude} and g i g l y, y l p / ask every one then present to say a P ater N ad er and A ve xll a r ia for t e r sou s a reea to the w of the sa d h i l , g bly ill i most reveren Lor o n Morton ex resse in h is ast w d d J h , p d l ill ” s n T s at th r n c nvent and te tame t . hi oblig ion of e prio a d o

- is ated in the C a ter ouse at El sot A r 1 02. d h p h y, h p il, 5

The servycis att the stallation of the Bishop of Ely ' n r (Morton). Copied from an old hook i the He ald s ‘ onice want n th e t t e a e r nte in th e old ack , i g i l p g , p i d bl characters.

1TLe premere Course pur lestates. l II Un Sotelte de lyon blanke. R eh ersa Think and thanke Prelate af grate prise That it hath pleased the habundant grace " LIFE OI J OIIN MORTON .

f K n w r in all his acts w s A i g Ed a d , i e, The to promote hydar to his please T s l til le wh le t ou ast t me and s ace hi y y , y h h y p , For to repayre do ay thy besy cure ; r h r warde af ev n t u s Fo t y e h e ho halt be sure.

r n n F ume ty a d Venison . n Syng et rosted . ra u i G unt l ce insa ns. oo R roested regardaunt. n Fesa t roosted .

Venison in paste.

C rete C ustard .

Liche porpul. n ot l Nat v t h l U S el o de i i ate Sai nt John . Re ersa l llliss ohn Ba t st for th name so r i u d p i , y p ec o se ' Gracia Dee be thy true interpretation Pray ever to God that in thy lyue virtuouse o n nowe of t s See t orou th me at on J h hi , h gh y di i Preserved b e; which be this Stallacion T us is entere in to his rc e h d Chi h ,

There longc to endure many good dodis to worke. ii The Second Course. 1 l ! Un Sotelte le glede Ely. Reh ersa l O morta Man ca to remem rance l , ll b , T s text De ter r a ta lummeti me hi , p , W at t an ava leth all wor lesaunce h h y ldly p , Syche to the erthc thou shalt renert lime terre how God at orde ncd the De , h h y ,

L s ne of El too suc is Goddes m ht. ode to y, h yg R ym therefore to serue thou art bouden af right.

ll 6 mto potage. r r s Stoke oo ted. ’ Iecoke florished.

Carpe in Soppit .

m s or Jon N MORTON.

Boa e r r s t u oo ted. I’ in l erche gey e Curlew. P ve s lo r roo ted. Un caste de e flris g ly o hyd.

Cremes dendose.

Larkes roosted.

Freshe Storgion . u nc in ast Q i es p e.

Tarte Poleyn. i n Fr tour bou ce. i l Leche Re a l.

1! Un Sotelte de le Eglesure lctoune. Rehersall Now ere e bee we come nto t s hal h by y l i hi , From the highest unto the lowest degree : Re uir n and s ec a ra n q i g p i lly p i g you al. to God the ou n and not to m Yield l i g, e, And ertherrn re of our beni nitie f o , y g , Dom no o aortr o r at n: a omes i De g i g , his am w t Te Da me a a And prayse N e i h t red m . 1l Sytting at the high decs r f l n th m My Lo d o E y i e yddes. IIOn the right hands t r e The Abbo af Be y . The Abbot af R amesey . r f l The P ior o E y. f h The Mayster a t e R ollis.

The Prior af Braunwell. l h The Prior af Ang es eye. ii On th e other hande

Syr Thomas Howard .

Syr John Donne. Syr John Wyngelfeld. S r H rr Wentw rt y a y o he.

John Sapcote. r war W h Sy Ed d ood ous. OH N MORTON AS BISHOP OF ELY J .

Syr Robert Chamberleyn. S r o n n y J h Chey e. r Wi Bran n Sy lliam do . r Sy Robert Pynes. John Forteseu.

The A ot af T orne and m La Bran on and bb h y, y dy d , ot er Estatis n h i the Chambre. H istory and A ntiquities (J t/ee Comm:treat and Cot/tedr al

CImre/s o E v. B ames Bent am M . A . 1 1 . f t y J h , , 77

II. THE PASTON L ETTERS.

R r . . 1 60 . 3 r t. ( e John Mo ton ) A D. 4 3 d Oc

FR lAR B RACKLEY 1 0 J OHN PASTON.

(Extract. )

I comon d ate w t a worschi ful and a we e nam d a y l i h p l y , oo t r ft man of t s cuntre w c to me in secrete g d h i y hi , hi h ld wyse that he herd Doctor Aleyn seyn after the Parlement of Coventre that yf the Lords that tyme rcynyng and now dicessid m te haf stand n in ov rnaus t at Fortestcs the y y g e , h ust ce Doctor M oreton on H e on T or and he j i , , J yd , h p , w schuld be made for evis and yf it turnyd to contrary yse. it schuld growe to h er fynal co nfusion and uttyr destruccyon for wh th e arl ous er ous wr t n and the m schevous y, p y (p il ) i i g y n t n was ma inid contrivid and utter concludid i di i g y g , , ly by

h er most ven ea e abour &c. and her most malic ows g bl l , , y cons rac s a ens the nnocent or kn tis entil s and pi y y i l d , y , g i comon s and a e her ssu er etua etc Tire P astors y , ll i p p l, (

Letters e te . Gairdner vol. i. . , di d by J , , p

' A. D. 1 46 1 . 1 80! Afi r st.

THOMAS Pu wr ss s TO M ASTE R JOHN PASTON .

(Extract. )

Item as for t d n it is no scd and to for trouth af , y y g, y ld men af worchi and ot er t at the Erie of W lch r is ta en p h h y y k , 68 e s or OH N MORTON J .

Doctor M orton and Doctor M akwell and be brought to the ai W K yng at York . M ster illiam also spak with a man that

sl hem mm vol. . . y ( , ii , p

A .O . 1 4 73. 6th N ov.

8 111 OHN PASTON 1 0 OHN PA J J STON .

Ex ( tract. )

“ ' m Th R u hath nt ll r Ite . e y ge e se o hiss Great Seall ; some se e we s a ave a newe Chauncelor but som y h ll h , ’ th nk e t at the K n e ot e as he d de at th e ast fleldiss y h y g d h y l , h e wyll have th e Seall with bym ; but thiss daye Doctor M rton Master at? the Rolliss r dethe to the K n o , , y y ge, and s als w m ber the the Sea e Se t b m a vol. iii. . y ( ) i h y ( , , p

A . D. 1 . z tls 4 79 g Oet.

m OHN Pas1 ' 0N 'ro M as - ' S J on s r PasrON .

(Extract. ) “ But on Tywesdaye I was with the Byssh op aff H ely

‘ ‘ wh c he shew th h mselfle oo e and Worsh full and h e y y y g d yp , se e t at he sholde sen e to m n onc e W am t at he yd h d y l illi , h sh olde n ott roce e in no suc e mater t t at h e s e e p d h , ill h p k with bym and morr ovyr that he sholde eawse bym to be

r h aste le total vol. . . 3 h ee y ( , iii , p 5

D 1 . 6t N . A. . 479 /s ov

' ‘ ' A JOHN PASION ro Sm JOH N P STON . I spak with myn oncle William and told bym th at I undyrstood by you that my Lord of Elye had aswell in wr h t n as ou mout e t at none af desyred hym yg y g y by h , h y ou sh old swe to have th e inq uisycion fond after your intentys tyll other weyes of pese wer takyn betwyix you

v . iii . . s ( tori , ol , p OHN M RTON a s BISHOP F J O O v .

III. AM USE ME NTS.

Lon efore the Reformat on and even w en as et no g b i , h y Pur tan r nc es h ad een m orte nto the matter the i p i ipl b i p d i , gaiety of th e towns was al ready sobered by th e pressure of

us ness an d th e ncrease of th e c ass of e resse wor ers . b i , i l d p d k It was not efore the fanat c sm of re on but efore the b i i ligi , b com n in of new forms of o vert and of onda e t at the i g p y b g , h old games an d pageants lost their l ustre and faded out of ex stence save w ere a moc er of fe was reserve in i , h k y li p d wn them by compulsion of the town authorities. And the to authorities were probably acting un der pressure of the

u cans and cense v ctua ers. Coo s rewers and p bli li d i ll k , b , hostellers were naturally deeply i nterested in the preservation of the oo old customs and it was in some cases certa n g d , i ly t s c ass th e most owerfu in a me aeva orou who hi l , p l di l b gh, raised the protest agai nst the i ndifference and neglect of th e towns eo e for u c rocess ons and merr -ma n p pl p bli p i y ki g, “ ” ecause t ere the v ctua ers ose t e r mone and wh o b h by i ll l h i y , i nsisted on the revival of these festivals for th e encourage men of t e r tra e Totem L i e in tile Fi teen”: Centur t h i d ( f f y ,

v . . . 1 2 ol i , pp 5

IV. SPIRIT OF TH E TOWN S.

In th e i ntense effort called out by the new i nd ustrial an d mm rc a con t ons and th e reor an sat on of soc a fe co e i l di i , g i i i l li w c t e eman e it was nev ta e t at t ere s ou hi h h y d d d, i i bl h h h ld grow up in the boroughs th e temper of men absorbed in a t ca stru e for en s w c owever m ortant were cri i l ggl d hi h, h i p , ersona oca m te ure mater a —a tem er still p l, l l , li i d, p ly i l p i nspired by private i nterest and with its essential narrowness untouched by the fine conceptions through which a great

atr t sm is no ur s e . Suc a tem er if it rou t at p io i i h d h p , b gh first reat rewar s rou t its own ena t es at ast w en g d , b gh p l i l , h th e towns se f- e en ent unuse to confe erat on for , l d p d , d d i 0 u se or OH N MORTON 7 J .

u b c ur oses estitute of the enerous s r t of nat ona p li p p , d g pi i i l re ard an d t e r i norance and narrow outloo ft he g , by h i g k le lp less in presence of th e revolutions that were to usher in the mo ern wor saw the overnment of t e r tra e and th e d ld , g h i d rder n of t eir constitutions ta en from them and the r o i g h k , i c o uncils degraded by th e later royal despotism into the in struments and support of tyranny ( Tom e Life in Me R VI C HAPTE .

OH N MO TON AND RICHARD J R m .

RICHARD returned to L ondon before the 1 st ece e and in the a amen t c m t at D mb r, P rli whi h e est nste on the 2 rd anua 1 8 his W mi r 3 J ry, 4 4 , t to the o n was a tte the a a e righ Cr w dmi d, m rri g V was onounce vo and his of Edward I . pr d id as a se The f children were b t rdi d . E arl o c on the a of e o e the u e Ri hm d, E rl P mbr k , D k ' of uc n a th e ueen s son the a u s B ki gh m , q , M rq i of o set and her ot e c a D r , br h r, Sir Ri h rd W dville and L one s o of a s u y , i l , Bi h p S li b ry, t o ton s o of and the s o wi h M r , Bi h p Ely, Bi h p f of xete e e atta n te o t eason. The E r, w r i d high r Cou n tess of Richmond was declared to ha ve “ merited a simila r pun ishment for sendi ng t n s to ens a nd essa es to the ea her wri i g , k , m g rl , son st n to n va e the eal but in , irri g him i d r m cons e a t o n of the se v ces c her us an id r i r i whi h h b d , L o tan e had en e e the n he fo o e rd S l y, r d r d ki g rb r to a tta n t the cou n tess bu t the act ec a e i , d l r d h er a n s to be fo fe te e a e her f o all l d r i d, d gr d d r m her t t es of n t and sett h i l dig i y , led er property 2 u se or OHN MORTON 7 J .

on her us a n for fe t e a n e to the h b d li , wi h r m i d r ‘ n Crow . The D uke of B uckingha m too k M orton down to a es e e he had so e e a a e con W l , wh r m r m rk bl versations t his sone h c be foun wi h pri r, w i h will d ’ i / r reported n Sir Thomas More s R ic ha d 1 11 . ’ a nd in a a nd afton s Ch r on icles ost H ll Gr , m proba bly from informa tion deri ved from M orton s f him el . Th e su bstance is that Bucki ngham simply encou raged his prisoner to spea k h is min d f a n a out a nd h st ans c . a t e e e r kly b Ri h rd I I I , b m of e os n ec a n t at he sef was d p i g him , d l ri g h him l u te a ena te f o in ea t t ou he had q i li d r m him h r , h gh a te f o t a easa nt cou ntenanc p r d r m him wi h pl e. H e sa id h e pe rcei ved clearly that Richard was s e the o e n o t so t a t as di lik d by wh l bili y, h ( “ his speech is repo rted) I saw my cha nce as perfectly as I saw my own image in a glass For two days at Tewkesbury he had dreamed a out secu n the o n or s f u b ri g Cr w f him el . B t he reflected that this would certai n ly i n volve the rene a of c v war a nd t at if successfu he w l i il , h , l , cou on esta s his ts as a con ue ld ly bli h righ q ror, a nd ncu the at e of the o e no t as i r h r d wh l bili y,

c a had one. A nd afte all as he con Ri h rd d , r , fesse to o ton it su en occu d M r , dd ly rred to him

1 R t. Parl. i . 3 . . o , v , 44 seo , and 350, 35 1

74 awe or J onN MORTON.

adherent of the H ouse of Lancaster so long as V ’ t e e e a ne an c ance in a I . s h r r m i d y h , Edw rd t me of v n ca t n t e etens ons was s i , i di i g h ir pr i , imply ’ e te to ea of the u e s n ten t on and d ligh d h r d k i i , resolved that h e should not be allowed to cool in i H e at once had the u e to con fe t t. d k r wi h as to the eans of ca r n out the o ect him m r yi g pr j , and who s ou be ta en nto c n nc h ld k i o fide e. uc n a ou e n of cou se t the B ki gh m w ld b gi , r , wi h La a a et as she was co on ca e dy M rg r , mm ly ll d, ' the ea s ot o ton a v s him to rl m her. M r d i ed a e use of the se v ces of her e en an t m k r i d p d , ' e na a to o th the u e s R gi ld Br y , wh m , wi d k consent he ote u n to co e at once , wr , rgi g him m n to Breck ock . a acco n ca e f o Lancas e Br y rdi gly m r m hir , whe re the messenger found him with Lord tan e and the cou ntess and to th S l y , him e s n wa Th u a d de ig s first impa rted . e d ke n Morton desired him to adv ise his mistress first to o ta n the assent of the ueen - o a e b i q d w g r, za et oo v e to the o ect t en sec et Eli b h W d ill , pr j , h r ly send a message to h er son in Britta ny to tell him the high honour that was prepa red for him if he ou s ea to a r za e f w ld w r m r y Eli b th o York. t t s co ss on a was es atc e Wi h hi mmi i Br y d p h d , a nd the bishop next told th e duke that if h e were in his own isle of Ely he could make man f en s to fu th e th e sc e e and t at y ri d r r h m , h J O H N MO RTON AND RrcuARD m . 75 the whole of that district was so well protected ’ by na tu re tha t with fo ur days wa rni ng he could set c a a a nc Ri h rd t defi e. s th e u e e ne bu t he es tate Thi d k w ll k w, h i d a out ett n his sone esca e t o ton b l i g pri r p , ill M r , ta n the atte n to his own a n s fle ki g m r i h d , d sec et s st ca r ly by night in disgui e. He fir me to his see of e e he foun ot one Ely, wh r d b h m y a nd f e n s a nd t e n sa e nto a n e s ri d , h il d i Fl d r , e e h e e a ne o n oo se v ce to the wh r r m i d , d i g g d r i a of c o n u nt the sc e e ev se at E rl Ri hm d, il h m d i d ec noc h ad ee n ea se a nd th e ea had Br k k b r li d , rl c n In he a o t ve be o me Ki ng of E ngla d . t b r i e e on a a nst c a uc n a r b lli g i Ri h rd I I I B ki gh m , although a descenda nt of Edward I I I through his o un est so n the u e of ouceste y g , D k Gl r, determi ned to support the Earl of Richmond f L ncast But the Tudo r heir of the H o use o a e r. the e e o n ca e to no t n and uc n a r b lli m hi g, B ki gh m ‘ was a a a s u behe ded t S li b ry. ’ M orton did no t accompany Richmond s ex edition not e n of the c ass of t n p , b i g l figh i g s o s now nea ext nct but e a ne in bi h p , rly i , r m i d

1 R c n n m orar etter t at i hard III. a nounces in a co te p y l h ” his re e s and tra tors accom an e his anc en t b l i , p i d by i enem es of France and ot er stran e nat ons had eft i h g i , l ” th e Se ne and an e at An e near M for H aven . i l d d gl , il d “ nr V h is an n n m H e y II. describes the Scots as cie t e e ies ' tr a t r s (E x actf rom the Duke of R utl nd s Le te ). m s or OHN MORTON 76 J . th e et e an s to atc the event c t s N h rl d w h , whi h hi fu t ime was success l . me ate afte the att e of os o t I m di ly r B l B w r h , w e e c a was s a n en eca e him h r Ri h rd l i , H ry r ll d , a nd on the eat of a na Bourchier ra se d h C rdi l , i d h im to the see of ante ur rocu e a C rb y, p r d him ’ a ha f o ca r n s t o e A exan e VI. and di l r m P p l d r , ma or a nce o de him L d Ch ll r. VII C H APTE R .

LORD CHANCEL LOR MORTON .

H a Iever onou red and aus c ous da il h pi i y , Wh en in hlest wedlock to a migh ty king To H enr —br t El zabeth is o ned y igh i j i . ’ Fa rest of Edward s offs rin sh e a one i p g, l P ea sed th is ustr io s s o se l ill u p u . ’ OH N De on nr (J H e y VII. s ma rriage with Elisabeth of York surna med the d , goo . )

IN the Pa rliamen t which met N ovember 6 th 1 8 the a tta n e o f o ton was re , 4 5 , i d r M r versed . Th e Bi shop o f Ely was appoi n ted a e e o f th v u nc m mb r e Pri y Co il. “ Th n V av his n fi e n e II. e co Ki g, H ry , g ence t ou ou t his e n to o to n Fox d hr gh r ig M r , , a and Dau ben and t e av n con Br y, y , h y, h i g fiden ce in the n e e e a e o t to ki g, w r pr p r d b h advise him honestly a nd to suppo rt him even when be determi ned on measu res that at first n o a n a a n did ot c mm d their pprob tio . . O n th e 6th a c 1 86 the s o of M r h , 4 , Bi h p Ely was appoi n ted Lord H igh Cha ncello r of n an and on th e oth of t at on t e E gl d , 3 h m h di d

o as Bourchier c s o of an te ur . Th m , Ar hbi h p C rb y 8 LIFE or H N MORT N 7 JO O .

The Lord Cha ncellor was a ppo i nted seques t ato of the vacant see a nd was t us ace r r , h pl d e ate in ossess on f the te ra t es imm di ly p i o mpo li i . ’ ' A song! d élzr e was addressed to the chapter of an te u who e e e u e to e ect an d C rb ry, w r r q ir d l retulate the s o of e e was no p Bi h p Ely. Th r d ffi cu t in a n t ese a a n e en ts bu t i l y m ki g h rr g m , t he necessa ry docu me n ts could not be co m leted be f e the h f h f n to e p or 6t o t e ollowi g Oc b r. Morton recei ved the crozier in grea t state in t he c a te of ouse o o n on the h p r Ely H , H lb r , th ece e H e was en t one on the o D mb r. hr d a8 th an ua 1 8 at c t e h e a so J ry, 4 7, whi h im l ece ve the a A s a fu t e a of ace r i d p ll . r h r m rk gr , h e was released from the pa yment of the ten th recently imposed u po n the clergy of the pro ” v nc f an te u i e o C rb ry. He con tin ued to hold tha t office for thirteen ea s a nd e a ne in the una ate favo u a nd y r , r m i d b d r V n co n ence Of his o a aste en II. u t fid r y l m r, H ry , il h is a t u n his c a nce o s he de h . D ri g h ll r hip grea tly con tribu ted to the steadi ness of the Govern men t an d the gro wi ng prosperity of h un t ou h he a ea e e e t e co try. Al h g pp r d m r ly t execute the easu es of the n he was o m r ki g,

" in rea lity the chief author of the system for controlling the power of the great feuda l

b anterba v vol. v. . Lives of Me Arv brisleops of C o , pp

- 446 44 7. O LORD CHANCELL R MORTON . 79

a ons and he ma be cons e e th e o e b r , y id r d m d l , as he was the ecu so of a nal c e eu pr r r, C rdi Ri h li , who in a later age accomplished the same Object st o effectua in a nce ill m re lly Fr . The first Pa rlia ment at whi ch he presided was t at h c met o n the rd of ove e h w i h 3 N mb r,

1 88 . Lo acon in h is H istor H en r 4 rd B , y of y

VII. ves a o n accou nt of the s eec , gi l g p h deli vered by th e L ord Chancellor o n this ccas on Th custo f n a x f o i . e m o ta ki g te t rom the o c tu e was o e and H ly S rip r dr pp d by him , ’ h e an ticipa ted the modern fashion of a quee n s s eec t ou t o e of eta a n d o f p h , h gh wi h m r d il reason i ng than would now be considered dis cr s n cc s n eet on uch a o a io . H e e an t us : o s a nd aste s the b g h My l rd m r , ’ n s ace o ur sove e n o at com ki g gr , r ig l rd , h h ma n ded me to declare u nto you the ca uses that have moved him a t this time to s ummo n thi s h is a a en t c s a do in few o s P rli m , whi h I h ll w rd , c a v n a on of h is ace a nd o f o u all if r i g p rd gr , y , I e fo it not as H is ace ot st p r rm I would . gr d h fir o f all let y ou know that he retai neth in tha n kful memory th e love and loyalty shown to him by you at you r last meeting in establishment of his o a t f ee n and sc a n of his a ta e s r y l y, r i g di h rgi g p r k r , nd sca o n of his t a to s and e e s o e a confi ti r i r r b l , m r than which could not come from su bj ects to e s v e n in one act on s he ta eth th ir o er ig i . Thi k T N 80 LIFE or JOH N MOR O . so e at ou an s as he at a e it a w ll y r h d , h h m d resolution to himself to commu n ica te with so lovi ng and well -a pproved subjects in all affa irs a t hat are of public nature a t ho me o r abro d .

' Two therefore are the causes of your presen t asse n th e one a fore n us ness the mbli g, ig b i , n at o e Th e other matter o f govern me t h m . Fren ch ki ng (as no dou bt you have heard) maketh a t this presen t h ot war u pon the D u ke

o f B ritta ine. H e then en ters at great length i n to the dis utes et een the two nces a nd the wa in p b w pri , y w hich E ngla nd was a ffected by them ; where u n h e n a e t e a v ce et e h e po t ki g pr y d h ir d i , wh h r should en ter i n to an a u x iliary a nd defensive war for the tto ns a a nst rance c ea intimat Bri g i F , l rly in t at t s ou be the ex e en t cou se but g h hi w ld p di r , sta ti ng that in a ll this busi ness the king re mitted se f to t e ave and atu e a v ce him l h ir gr m r d i , u n c he ou po whi h w ld rely. H e next co es to the ove n ent at o e m g r m h m , an d states that no k ing J ever had greater ca use for the two contra ry passions of joy a nd sorrow th an his a ce : o in es ec t of the a e and gr j y , r p r r v isible favour of Almighty God in girding the e al s o u o n his s e so o for t at imp ri w rd p id ; rr w, h it hath not pleased God to suffer him to shea th it as he ea t es e Ot e se t a n for the gr ly d ir d, h rwi h adm n strat on of ust ce but t at he had een i i i j i , h b

8 2 LIFE OF OH N MORTON J .

th e Tu do r dynasty ; bu t its authority bei ng s till stre tched in opposition to a growi ng love o f f ee o it a n led to th e un u a t r d m , m i ly pop l ri y o f th e Stua rts and their expulsion from the t n hro e. ’ n o t e la w of o ton s of an ex trao na A h r M r , rdi ry n atu e es ect n ea o e t was e a a te r , r p i g r l pr p r y, w ll d p d to the then ex i sting sta te of a ffairs but we m ust wo nde r that it shou ld have been allowed to co n t n ne in fo ce o n t ou r own t i r d w o imes. From the atta n e s fo fe tu es and acts of v o ence c i d r , r i r , i l whi h had eva e u n the a s of the oses ro pr il d d ri g w r R , p perty had changed hands so frequen tly that th e t t e to it had eco e ve un ce ta n if it e e i l b m ry r i , w r to be traced backwa rds accordi ng to the common u r les of con veyances a nd pedigree. A powe r was now gi ven to a person in possession a s o wner of the fee to go through certai n cere m o n es in the ou t of o o n eas a nd in i C r C mm Pl , fi ve yea rs after the time when these were co n ‘ c u his t t e was oo a a nst a ll the o . l ded , i l g d g i w rld H e i ntroduced several acts showi ng grea t ea ous of fo e ne s a nd a t cu a one j l y r ig r , p r i l rly for avoiding all Scottishmen out of E ng land The most importa n t piece of legislatio n with which he was connected was the famous statute

l H en . VII. c . 3 s nce a tere to twent ears as 4 , 4 ; i l d y y

the uniform per iod of limitation . LORD C HA N cs LLOR MOR O T N . 83

protecti ng from the pa i ns of treason a ll wh o a ct

un e a do acto n . On oofs c even d r f ki g pr , whi h sta e n u e s in o ur t es a e ef had gg r i q ir r im , b li become very prevale n t among the people tha t the u e of o ou n e so n o f a IV D k Y rk, y g r Edw rd st su v ve and th e a e en s o n t at if h e ill r i d , ppr h i h were res tored those who fought for the present n ose t t e was so efect ve t be ki g , wh i l d i , migh t e fo r t eason or be atta nte act of ri d r , i d by a a en t ete e a n f o o n n the P rli m , d rr d m y r m j i i g a sta n a roy l d rd . To eet t s f cu t the c a nce o in the m hi di fi l y h ll r, a a en t c asse e in Octo e 1 P rli m whi h mbl d b r, 497, nt o uce and s a a — 1 H VI as e n ct 1 en . I. i r d d p d , “ l - c. . t at no e son t at ass st in a s h p r h did i , rm o r o t e se the n for the t e e n h rwi , ki g im b i g, s ou a fte a s be eac e t e efo e o r h ld rw rd imp h d h r r , atta i nted either by the cou rse of the law or by Pa rliament ; but if any such atta i nder did happen to be a e it s ou be vo and of none m d , h ld id “ " effect The s t of t s law sa s Lo piri hi , y rd “ acon was on e fu o us a nd no e B , w d r lly pi bl ; e n e in atte of wa r un to the s t o f b i g lik m r , piri av in atte of a ue who sa : I I D id m r pl g , id f lea ve sin n ed str ike me but arr/cat ba r/e t/cese s/zeep done 7 N either wa nted this law parts o f ru n a n ee fo es t for it the ette p de t d d p r igh , did b r ta ke away occasion for the people to busy them ' se ves to r n to the n s t t e for t a t l p y i ki g i l ; h , 8 LIFE or OH N MORT N 4 J O .

o soe ve it fe t e saf t was a ea h w r ll , h ir e y lr dy for pro vided . H ad the re bee n a cou n ter- revolu tion the law ou o a ave een ve tt e e a e w ld pr b bly h b ry li l r g rd d , and fu tu re Parliaments would not have been u bo nd by it . There are no other Pa rlia men ta ry proceedi ngs o f a n n te est co n necte t t s c ance o y i r d wi h hi h ll r. H is great effo rt was to ex tract su bsidies from th e o ons and en he cou no t do t s C mm , wh ld hi in a su fficie n t degree to satisfy the a va rice of h is o a aste who was no w ent u o n r y l m r, b p a ccu u a t n t easu e as if it had e n th e m l i g r r , b e c ef end of ove n en t h e eso te to th e hi g r m , r r d most cu lpable expedients for levyi ng money n h su b ec ot thsta n n l u po t e j t. N wi di g the aw of

cha . so ecen t asse fo n in Ri rd I I I , r ly p d , rbiddi g, the ost ex ess a nd e a t c a n ua e an m pr mph i l g g , y taxat on t ou t au t o t of a a en t a nd i wi h h ri y P rli m , more pa rt icu la rly the tax called a benevo ence — on etence of a enc war he ssue l pr Fr h , i d " a commission fo r levyi ng a benevolence on the people accordi ng to the ir pecun ia ry a bility ; an d tha t none might escape he i ngeniously in structed the commissioners to employ a dilemma in which every one might be compre n If th s ns a to f he ded . e per o pplied or the enevo ence ved f u a te e t a b l li r g lly, ll th m h t their parsimony m ust necessarily have en riched them LORD CH A NcsLLOR M RT N O O . 8 5

if t e et o of v n be os ta e te t e h ir m h d li i g h pi bl , ll h m they must necessa rily be opulent on accou nt of " t ea t ex n u v heir gr pe dit re. This de ice was by ’ ” so e ca e ance o o ton s fo and m ll d Ch ll r M r rk, by Others his cru tch ot t stan n so e scon tents t e e was N wi h di g m di , h r perfect internal tranqu illity du ri ng the admin is tratio n of o ton t the exce t on of the M r , wi h p i rebellion ca used by th e imposture of La mbe rt ne c was se te nate a n Sim l , whi h wi ly rmi d by m ki g th e pretended Plantagenet a scu llion in the ’ n s tc n ki g ki he . The fo o n uota ns r f a es ll wi g q tio a e rom Mr. J m ’ Ga irdner s H en r VII y . ’ It was ce rtai n ly owi ng to M o rton s diplo macy mo re tha n to that of a n y o ther statesman of the day that H en ry was now in possession o f th e t o ne and it was o n natu a t at he hr , ly r l h s ou ece ve as he th e est onou s h ld r i , did , high h r

t a t en co u esto . ext ea on the h H ry ld b w N y r, ea t of a na Bou rchier be o ote d h C rdi l , pr m d him to the see of Can terbu ry ; in 1 487he made him L o a nce o an d so e ea s ate afte rd Ch ll r, m y r l r, r a n u ent so c tat o ns he eva e on the m y rg li i i , pr il d o e to a a ca n Y t it is f P p m ke him rdi al . e di fi cult to say what ki nd of i n fluence he exerted o n ’ en s o c as n a nd one t a ost H ry p li y ki g, migh lm u e f o th e scant no t ces in ta te a e s j dg , r m y i S p p r , as well as from some casual expressions recorded 86 LIFE or J OHN MORTON .

in his con ve sat ons t uc n a t at in r i wi h B ki gh m , h spite of grea t natu ral astuteness he was on ly a o t c an necess t a nd ut cons e n th e p li i i by i y d y, id ri g s v f a o e er ice o the Church as higher bj ct. We know that in the days of his prosperi ty he was a a n cent u e and one who oved m g ifi b ild r, l n f v n as to enco urage tale t o any ki nd . E e Bishop of Ely he did a still greater work in ra n n the fens of his ars ocese a nd d i i g m hy di , cutti ng a nav igable canal right through it to t no a so t at he was the h e sea. We k w l h i n ven to r of a nota ble argu ment for stimu lati ng h u s a rd t sov e n t e liberality of s bj ect tow s heir er ig . A t th e ou nc oar o weve it is nte t at C il B d , h r, hi d h ’ he Opposed th e seve rity of some o f H en ry s a r B t we no tt e of at me su es. u k w li l wh he actu a t ou we ma est assu e fro lly did , h gh y r r d , m the high respect in which he was held by Sir o as o re t at his counse s e e no ess Th m M , h l w r l

a f -s t honest th n a r igh ed . ’ The leadi ng membe rs of H en ry s council at t s t e es es o ton we e c a hi im , b id M r , r Ri h rd a ra The fo e was Fox and Regi n ld B y. rm r like o ton se f an ecc es ast c o in the M r him l , l i i , wh m course of his re ign he promoted to the bishoprics of xete at u a and nc es E r, B h , D rh m , Wi h ter succ s ve It was eat a van t e si ly. a gr d age to

' em o c u c en ia the se v ce of the tate pl y h r hm r i S , as they could be rewa rded with bishoprics R H E LO D C ANC L LOR MORTON . 87 without putting th e ki ng to a ny expense ; a nd it was a mong ch u rchmen more tha n among — any Other class far more certa i nly tha n among — the heredi ta ry councillors of the Crown that H en ry discovered the tact a nd shrewdness nee fu to ass st in ffi cu t ne ot at o ns d l i him di l g i i . es es the s o cs ust ent one e n B id bi h pri j m i d , H ry confe rred upon Fox th e office of Lo rd Pri vy nd e o e i va ea a n ous e ass es. S l , mpl y d him ri mb i e na a wh o is esc e a R gi ld Br y, d rib d by nearly con tempora ry wri te r as a very father o f h is cou n t a sa e a n d a ave e son and a ry, g , gr p r ’ fe ven t ove of ust ce was a e n i t o f r l r j i , m d K gh the a te an d u n uest ona h ad ve eat G r r, q i bly ry gr n fluen ce ove th e n nso m u c t a t en i r ki g ; i h h , wh ever taxa tion was fel t to be o ppressive in th e ea e a t o f th e e n th e eo e e e a t to rli r p r r ig , p pl w r p lay th e blame u po n h im a nd Ca rdi na l M o rto n th e fact o eve e n t a t o to n a nd a , h w r , b i g h M r Br y ’ we re precisely th e two me mbe rs of the ki ng s cou ncil who da red most freely to remon strate t enr o n a n act o f n ust ce a nd t at it wi h H y y i j i , h wa s grea tly owi ng to them that his govern men t a t a was not m uch more rbi r ry. “ In 1 0 o n to at e st a ne e at o ns 49 , wi g r h r r i d r l i rance L on e Chiere ato s o o f with F , i l g , Bi h p a a a nu nc o who had ee n at th e Con co rdi , p p l i , b of a nce for a out a ea ece ved Cou rt Fr b y r, r i ’ o rde rs to proceed to E ngland in the Pope s H RT N 88 e s or JO N MO O .

na e and en eav ou to co ose atters m , d r mp m n t two n s betwee he ki gdom . The general tenor of his address greatly ease the n who es e A c s o pl d ki g , d ir d r hbi h p o fte a s he had M orton to reply t him . A rw rd con ferences apa rt both with the ki ng and the c ance o and f o his own e o t to the h ll r, r m r p r Pope we kn ow precisely the a ttitude which n a nd his ounc o rs t en assu H e ry c ill h med. “ Chiere ato o n to the old-stan n c a s g , wi g di g l im of the Ki ngs of E ngland to the realm o f ance fou n it was o e ess to ne ot ate at Fr , d h p l g i o nce an t n e a e anen t eace bu t afte y hi g lik p rm p , r lon g and earnest consultations with Archbishop ’ o ton the te s of a t ee ears truce e e M r , rm hr y w r a ee to c it ou see t a t he had gr d , whi h w ld m h een a ut o se the renc to o ose on b h ri d by F h pr p , the understandi ng tha t the matter of Bri tta ny should be the subject of a separate arrange men t 1 - 8 - (as 7 73. 7 79) In 1 o n to a oan e n so c te 497, wi g l b i g li i d, first from the City of London a nd then from ot e ua te s t ou out n lan t ou h r q r r hr gh E g d, hr gh the invas ion of the N orthern Ma rches by am es an d e n a ec the men of J P rki W rb k , Co rnwall began to murmu r and say it was i n tolerable to be thus ground down me rely on account of a little stir of the Scots soon blown ’ ove so ne an t ou t of dis r . They di w d y h gh

Li sa or OH N MORTON 90 J .

the sa e churche but a so es es t at to doo id , l b id h , unto us and our realme good and acceptabyle se v ce ave ofte evo ve t s atte in our r i , h r l d hi m r m nde and r e remembraunce and oo e y yp , , by g d le ser and e erat on behold in n ar y d lib i , y g i w dly among all other the profounde k unnyng vertun s conversacion and thapprovyd greate wysdom whiche the righte reverent fader in God o ur right trusty counsellor the bysshop of London mite in our opi nion unto the aforesaid ” di n i g it e.

NOTE TO C H APTER VII.

' VAL UE OF MONEY IN HENRY VII. 8 DAYS.

'

The est sa ar of the ueen s a es was 6s. 8d. high l y q l di 33 , ' ‘ and he owes l n nc c t l t £5 . e pe e a day was the ost of a w s o r a priest hil t n a pilg im ge for the queen . The expense of keepi ng a child which had been given to her

Ma s was 6 . r A r je ty 1 11 a yea . pai of shoes for a footman oost 6d. and a a r for the ueen s n e so e w t ; p i q , i gl l d , i h aton buckles but a a r of s h c s l , p i bu kins for er use o t - 11. Fift two arre s of beer w c w r i n 4 y b l , hi h e e g ve to the

Fr ars O servants of Greenw c cost 6 1 8s. 8d. or as. i b i h , £ ,

r . h re of ors 8d. a ba rel T e hi a h e to carry a female servant from East Ham stea to Lon on was t a. d. and t p d d 4 , he wa es of the rooms of the c am er were 1 s. and of the g g h b , pages 8d. a day .

r e of a a ourer in 1 80 was from to 6d. a The p ic l b 4 4d. day. A V C H PTE R I I I .

TE RB RY J OHN MORTON AS ARCH BISH OP OF CAN U .

’ Th en forasmuch as it is Fortune s guise To rant n o man all t n s t at h e w l aks g hi g h i l , B ut as erse f st order and dev se , h l li i , ’ Dost ev ry man h is part divide and tax ; Ico nse e each on e truss-u our ac s u l y , p y p k , And ta e not n at all or be content k hi g , w rd s e o With such re a a Fortun hath y u sent.

(Sir T. Moan. )

’ J OH N BUDDsN s L ife of [ Mor ton may be epiro mised as fo o s : O n co n to the t one ll w mi g hr , ' n en e n n fu of the s o s Ki g H ry, b i g mi d l bi h p se v ces eca e h im f o ex e and a e r i , r ll d r m il , m d him ance o in ace of o n A coc s o High Ch ll r pl J h l k , Bi h p of Worcester ; and when Thomas Bou rchier ’ e he O ta ne o ton s t ans at on to the di d , b i d M r r l i of an The new a c s o Sec C terbury. r hbi h p prudently admi nistered the Ch urch commi tted to a nd in 1 86 ce e ate a s no at him , 4 l br d y d ’ L on on in a u s an t n s n d S . P l ; m y hi g bei g

o ose e e n a nd so e asse . H e pr p d th r i , m p d severely rebuked th e clergy of London for ' efieminatel ea n o en coats and for y w ri g p , f e uent n tave ns r q i g r . IF or HN MORTON L E JO .

e the s no was e n e t ee Whil y d b i g h ld, hr delegates fro m the ki ng a tten ded a t the doo rs . and i n formed the a rchbishop a nd the asse mbly t at anc s u e of ttan had a ea e to h Fr i , D k Bri y, pp l d Ki ng H en ry for assistance agai nst the ambi tious designs of th e King of France ; and the archbishop obta i ned from the synod a gift to n es es a o e tent the ki g of b id wh l h . On his own be half the a rchbishop subsequen tly obtain ed a grea t sum of money fro m the prov i nce of ante u ec a e to be ven to the C rb ry, d l r d gi ra se of God a nd for efence of th e u c o f p i , d Ch r h E nglan d Fu rn ished with these gifts of fo tu ne he eca e es ous o f o ta n n the r , b m d ir b i i g sca rlet ha t ; a nd in the eighth yea r o f his tran slation he o bta ined the title of Ca rdi nal o f 1 f o e x nastas a o e an e VI. T S . A i r m P p Al d r he an t of t s n t n uce c a gr hi high dig i y i d d Ri h rd , B s o o f London ' who was t en ca n on i h p , h rryi g a n expensive lawsu it with th e a rchbishop c oncern i ng the registration of the testamen ts o f decease e so ns to ex ess h is st u st o f d p r , pr di r

O ta n n ust ce etc. b i i g j i , Th e a rchbishop had such great admiration for A nselm that he procu red his ascription o the n u e of the sa nts t ou a t mb r i , h gh t grea t

s en VII. essa e to do the f r c o t. H ry y d like o

extracts from Har e an M . in n See l i SS appe dix.

LIFE F OH N MOR 94 O J TON .

’ to th e archbishop s house as to a public inn ; h e bei ng mi ndful of the apostolic precept It behoves a bishop to be hospi ta ble Whateve r Morton u ndertook he performed co nsc en t u a n t n na H i io sly d wi h o ordi ry zeal . e was n ot a v ne and not en te n to t eo di i , did r i h o ca on t ov s The e on a l gi l c r er y. r ligi which h d co e o n to n v o ve as it was i m d w him , i l d n su e st t on was suffic ent to eet the e u e p r i i , i m r q ir ents of his own na tu e but his acute a nd m r , obse rva n t mind perceived a t once tha t in a n a e en old t ut s e e uest o ned anc en t g wh r h w r q i , i nst tu t ons assa e free o of t ou t en i i i il d, d m h gh coura ed a nd new eas n t o uced the atte t g , id i r d , mp would be hopeless to ma in ta in the Chu rch in its present position without a co mplete reformation n th a mo g e clergy. H e felt that this could only be done by co nst tu t n se f a n au toc at and t s h e i i g him l r , hi did by i ntroduci ng those Erastia n notions which have ever since had more or less weigh t and n f t u a H i l uence in he Ch rch of E ngl nd . e determi ned to rule the Church by bri ngi ng the i A th power o f the Crown to bea r upon t. t e same time he sought to strengthen the hands of the sovereign by i nduci ng H en ry to acqu iesce covere wit iamon s fine ou e ear s rcnion ibrcs d h d d , d bl p l ( ), s and carbunc les. No one offered less than ilver at this shrine. MORTON As A RCH tHSHOP or CAN TERB Y UR . 95

in t at new o e of t n s th e s ste a nd h rd r hi g , y m nc e of o e n o a n s c f o the pri ipl m d r R m i m , whi h , r m t f a n V had t u e o t . o the s t im M r i , , hr gh ho r s te ness or ne ence of the s o s een igh d glig bi h p , b maki ng its way sec retly a n d silen tly in all the

Churches of E u ro pe. “ Th e obj ect of Mo rton was to give to the Pope despotic a uthori ty in thi ngs spiritual a nd in t n s te o a to conce e the sa hi g mp r l , d me es ot s s t h n d p i m o t e ki g. “ The u c es o f u o e the u c o f Ch r h E r p , Ch r h a nce as e as the u c of n a n had Fr , w ll Ch r h E gl d , hitherto been national i nsti tutions under native s o s f o o a n a ea la to the o e bi h p , r m wh m pp l y P p , e a as r im n s in ter o r s Bu th n r g rded p p e . t e otio n was now i n troduced tha t the Churches of E u rope — — th e E astern Chu rch bei ng ignored fo rmed anc es of the one at o c u c of c br h C h li Ch r h , whi h , in fact t ou not in n a e th e s o o f , h gh m , Bi h p om was the so e s o H e was h R e l bi h p. t e nfa e ea and ot e s o s acte on as i llibl h d , h r bi h p d ly s t s hi delega e . Th e i n troduction of this system beca me th e mo re easy thro ugh the misunderstandi ng tha t was e n n n to ex st or a t e had fo r so me b gi i g i , r h r t e ex ste e t een the c e and the a t . im i d , b w l rgy l i y Th e clergy had hitherto u n ited with the laity in resisti ng the i ncessa nt aggressions of th e n f It was - f r th otect on of Ro man po tif . o e pr i 6 u se OF OH N H ORTON 9 J .

the clergy qu ite as m uch as for the cause of n at ona n e en ence of ch t e had i l i d p d , whi h y t e to een o nent asse to s t at th e hi h r b pr mi r r , h sta tutes of ov so s and ratmunire so soon to pr i r p ,

be tu ne a a nst t e had een asse . Bu t r d g i h m , b p d now t e e an to oo for fo e n aid and in h y b g l k r ig ; , too an nstances the ea n ecc es ast cs m y i , l di g l i i were found to ma ke common cause wi th th e u c o f o e un t at ast the u c of Ch r h R m , il l Ch r h E ngland was confoun ded wi th the Chu rch of o e a nd at cou be sa of one was sa R m , wh ld id id of t bo h . “ ’ The despotic character of M orton s admin is t ratio n ma be seen in the fact t at t the y h , wi h exception of the convoca tion held in the first ea of his t a ns a t o n n o us ness of o ta nce y r r l i , b i imp r was u n his ac con ucte in t ese , d ri g prim y, d d h ass s emblie . In speaki ng o f his characte r we have to dea l t f wi th dia metrically opposi e estimates o him . The mean between the two extremes will be H w n the correct v iew to take. e as esse tially a st on man and had sen s ee a t and r g , ri by h r bili y force of Character to be the trusted friend of three Ki ngs of E ngland of very different c a acters and s os t ons and had se ve the h r di p i i , r d ur t rou out his on f Ch ch well h gh l g li e. u has treate Mr. G thrie d him with an u n tifiable an n e en s v t H sa jus d i d c t e eri y. e ys he

L IFE OF H N MORTON 98 JO . cedens ; vo ltus quem revereare non horreas ; in ‘ con ressu non difiicilis serius tamen et rav s. g , g i L ibido erat asperius in terdu m oompellan do su lican tes ex eriri sed s ne noxa u pp p , i , q id n en ua an riesentiam u s ue az se i g ii , q m imi p q i q pr fe et ua velut co n ata s v tu te o o rr , q g ibi ir , m d li u abesset im uden tia delectaba tu r. e o o t s p , S rm p et efficax u s ma na eritia n en u incom , j ri g p , i g i m

a ra e e o a ad rodi ium us ue excellens. p bil , m m ri p g q H aze enim natura egregia discendo atque exer n r v H u us nsil is r l rimu m ce do p o exit. j co i ex p u fidere u tu res ublica n t videbatu r : ui e , m l m p i i g pp q ui a prima fere j uventa protinus a schola conjectus in aulam maximis in negotiis per o mnc m versatus a tate ac variis fortunze m, a ctibus ass ue actabus ruden tiam e u id j , p r r m ” s a n is u um l s i r m ul ti m g q e c pericu i did ce a t. ’ O n this B udden remarks tha t M o rton s speech ’ (a s the personage Raphael in M ore s Utopia nfo s us was o s e and fo c e his i rm ) p li h d r ibl , a t unexa e his e o so exce en t as bili y mpl d , m m ry ll to be o ous co ne t eat s in pr digi , mbi d wi h gr kill s t ou his o was of e both law . Al h gh b dy middl statu e h is st en t was eate t an o na r , r g h gr r h rdi ry, a nd was susta i ned more by labour tha n an ythi ng s His countena nce was suc as to co e el e. h mp l v ence e he was not fficu t of a oac re er , whil di l ppr h ,

’ I Wi iam Ro er s L e Sir Tbornas M ore See ll p if of , by ’ r . an Mor s L e lor 1 36 . 8 . Hea ne, p 3, d e if q e, 7 , pp 7, T S R H P F T R RY MOR ON A A C BISHO O CA N E BU . 99

v H n t f t though serious a nd gra e. e did o righ en a n one a a seve t n o r a o u n ue y w y by ri y, ll w d a t his o n e fu fts h e was famili ri y. By w d r l gi bo u nd to secure the favour and benevolence o f the most noble personages ; while his natu re was such tha t he could devote his mi nd o nly to t s u th e most wor hy t dies . ‘ Lo rd Bacon represents him as a stem a nd au t ma n o ous at o u t and o e h gh y , di C r , m r ene a so in th e coun t an d u tes to g r lly ry, imp him the procuri ng an act passed in the first Pa rlia V i a ta fo r a n en t of en II. en e n t c m H ry , r d ri g pi l y ’ of the ki ng s ho usehold serva nts to conspire the death o f a n y lo rd of th e rea lm o r me mbe r ’ o f th e ki ng s co uncil . The true design o f this act (says Ca rte)was to pro vide fo r his partien la r safet t o u to o n the e n v of it as a y , h gh dr w y gen era l la w the po we r was commi tted to othe r cou nse o s a nd ee s a nd it was co n ne to ll r p r , fi d ’ th e n s se va n ts in th e ch e ue o est the ki g r q r ll , l commons thi n k it too ha rsh to pu nish the will in a n case of fe o n e ua t the ee y l y q l wi h d d , co n tra ry to the spirit and clemen cy o f th e law of n a n The co n sance o f Offences a a nst E gl d . g i g i the ac t was ves ted in the Co urt o f the Stewa rd of the ouse o a nd th e au t o t o f ta H h ld , h ri y S r a e c had su s ste the o ld Ch mb r, whi h b i d by

' ’ Bacon s Life of H enry VI] . in Kcnnet s Complete

H istor vol. i. 6 26 . y , , p. s r OH N MORTON 100 e o J .

co o n law of the ea was no w con e mm r lm , firm d n as s a f a n t It ot in ce rta i c e by c t o Parli me . d h i not a ppea r from the roll whether the act aga i nst co nspiri ng the dea th of peers and counsellors was brought in before or after the ot c a ene 1 th ece e in the ri whi h h pp d 5 D mb r, ' n s esence e he was s tt n in the ki g pr , whil i i g a Pa rliament Ch mber. The re we re eigh ty e so ns conce ne in it all c a e t a p r r d , h rg d wi h ’ design to destroy some of the ki ng s grea t ’ officers a nd Pri vy Co u ncil ; a nd six o f the n ea e s e n se ze e e me a te ri gl d r , b i g i d , w r im di ly by the a a en t ec a e fe ons conv c te t e P rli m d l r d l , i d , h ir oo s and c atte s fo fe te as if a tta n te g d h l r i d , i d , acco n to the cou se o f the co o n law rdi g r mm , a nd t out e n a tte to the ene t o f , wi h b i g dmi d b fi the c e o e e to be execute as fe o ns l rgy, rd r d d l out e a o r ot e ocess to be a e o n wi th d l y, h r pr m d a f their beh l . This very extraordi na ry proceedi ng sho ws a n th e t ue s t o f a n ce o o to n pl i ly r piri Ch ll r M r , h ecte eve t n in v tue o f his c e t w o dir d ry hi g, ir r di t en a nd to ov e for his own sa fet wi h H ry, , pr id y , r at f his a n t a e no sc u e of o gr i y m lig i y, m d r pl c reati ng a precedent which exposed the li ves a nd fortunes of all the people in the realm ‘ s efo e u n no n Th to danger b r k w . e ca rdi nal

ar v . . . C te, ol p 8 39

" IO) LIFE Ol J OIIN MORTON .

ava ce c s ace the sove e n . Not ri , whi h di gr d r ig o nly did h e liberally ex pend mo ney in ra isi ng ea st a e es in o o n but the ea t rly r wb rri H lb r , gr cut or a n f o ete o ou to s ec dr i r m P rb r gh Wi b h , ’ n ow no n the na e of o ton s Lea me k w by m M r , was made e n tirely a t his ex pe nse while he was H is te a atta n ents Bishop of Ely. li r ry i m reflect st ea te s en ou u on a nd he is to ill gr r pl d r p him . be considered the a uthor Of the first classical ose co os t o n in ou r a n ua e if the pr mp i i l g g , su pposi tion be well founded that the E nglish

L fe o f c a . usua att u te to i Ri h rd I I I , lly rib d Sir o as o e was tten h is e ecesso Th m M r , wri by pr d r,

Cha ncellor M orton. The C/rr on icle of L ondon con tai ns the follow ing Obitua ry n otice Also this ye re in the begy n ny ng of the moneth of Octobre depa rted o ut of this world Doctou r o e ton A rchebissho of au nte M r , p C r u Ca rd nall Cha un cele r a nd r ma t o f b ry , y , p y this Rea me ; a ma n worthi o f memory fo r his an ea te ctes a nd s ec a or his ea te m y gr A , p i lly f gr s o c co n t nued to th e t me o f his wi d m , whi h y y ’“ disceace ass n th e e es of iii a nd o e , p y g y r j dd in our tyme was no man lyke to be compa red to bym in all thy nges ; Albei t tha t h e ly ved not withoute the greate disday n a nd greate h a terede of th e co m n s o H is o f this lande. body is en ter r ed at Cau n te rbu r ca r ed f o n o f ] y , y r m K ll , I S I P F ANTERB MORTON AS ARC IBI I O O C URY. IO3 where he died ; vpon whose soule and all xpen "

sou es h su au e c . A [ l ] J e h e m r y M E N . ’ ’ Bishop K ennet s Collections conta i n other ’ notices of the a rchbishop s death as follow The Register of Ca n terbu ry says he died

1 th e te e 1 00. 5 S p mb r, 5

Le a vit ecc ta: de ee corn . o set ubi g l B r, D r , (

natus v etu a nta a ro xx a n n s R e . id r)C ri m p . i ( g

o n o to n . at a fa onu en t J h M r , Abp , h h ir m m in th Un e c ft h u c a n e d r ro of t e Ch r h of C t. with ou t a n ta but no n at t s da y Epi ph , k w hi y by his e us a nd a t o f s B t l R b Co Arm ( a t e y). H oe a n no 1 500 magna pestilentia e t acu tissimze fe es in A n a a eo ut u t br gli , d m l i N obiles et Prae lati A nglice per mortem sublati

su nt in rimis . o an nes o to n a n t. , p D J h M r , C ’ '

A r e us c t br. a na s Tho . Ro theram p p C rdi li ; D . , ’ Th Lan t n n E bo rac A rchie us . o . o to n . p D g , Wi s l u u i tu us e t o tu at s ad e e an t a . u o p S d m C r , q m r est priusquam bullas a S ummo Pon tifice fuerat ‘ a El n i ade tus . o nnes coc e s s . p ; D J h Al k, y ; D

. xv . f. 1 1 . ron l Cotton MS. Vitellius A i 8 b Ch ic e of

- London 1 2 1 1 0 in E n s wr tten tem . H en . VII. , 5 5 9 gli h , i p n n f H n r I In th n h f and begi ni g o e y VI I. e margi at t e oot of the page is scribbled by another band : Letentur oeli

quod Morton transit ab Ely .

Lans owne M S. 6 . d 5 , ’ 3 A coc was M orton s succe r a El l k sso t y. 10 LIFE OF OH N MORTON 4 J .

Tho . an Norwicen Collecta nea M A n t a J , ( . Wo d M S l S . R e C er t o . o l. M on g , ). his ate 1 6th un e 1 00 h e o e e By will d d J , 5 , rd r d 1 000 a s to be ve n in a s at his fune a m rk gi lm r l , a nd his best sil ver gilt cross and mitre to the u c of who en a e to find a est to Ch r h Ely, g g d pri pra y for his soul for twen ty yea rs ; to Ki ng en his est or t or in rn to ueen H ry, b p if ; Q za e t his est sa te to La a a et Eli b h , b p l r ; dy M rg r , ’ th e n s ot e a oun a e of th e ki g m h r, r d im g esse V n o f o to L a a a et his Bl d irgi g ld ; dy M rg r , ’ od- au te and the n s e est au te g d gh r, ki g ld d gh r, a cu of o a nd 0 to t o e on ce p g ld £4 ; Edi h C k r, fe of his ot e c a 1 0 to o as wi br h r Ri h rd , £ ; Th m o ton son o f his ot e a 1 0 to M r , br h r Willi m , £ ; o e t son of o e t son of a o ton R b r , R b r , Willi m M r , H e s his xecu to s for th te £1 0. e ord r e r e rm of twen ty years to pay in exhibitions to poor ’ o a s a x f and a 28 6s 8d sc h l r t O ord C mbridge £1 .

ma t en t in Oxfo a nd ten in a e. , w y rd C mbridg a co c a n nex e he e uea t s to By di il d , b q h o as o ton son of his ot e a Th m M r , br h r Willi m ,

a ll his ano s etc. in en t u e a nd m r , , K , S rr y, ussex e a n e to o n son of c a S ; r m i d r . J h , Ri h rd , h is ot e and his e s e n e to br h r, h ir ; r mai d r a ot e of the sa o n son of Willi m , br h r id J h ,

c a etc. e a n e to o e t son o f Ri h rd , ; r m i d r R b r ,

o e t o ton etc. to o n son of c a R b r M r , J h , Ri h rd o to n his ot e all his ano s in th e M r , br h r, m r

106 r ar e OF OH N MORTON J .

a s are e eate a t s ec CO . a e rm r p d Wi b h , C mbridg , ’ a d a his sea t a t s a n e e o s t e Co . r p ir d Bi h p H fi ld, f H fou n fiv e t o . e e e sc o a s s a t H r rd d d h l r hip S . ’ ‘ o n s o e e a e and a c a n t a t J h C ll g , C mbridg , h ry e e e s fo r t en t ea s H e a e t a t B r R gi w y y r . m d h ’ fa mo us cut or drain from Peterbo rough to s ec a t ac of five es or o e ac oss a Wi b h , r k mil m r , r ’ fen countr no n the na e f o t n s y, k w by m o M r o

1 Au a Au ularis Au a de H nksc Locus de la New l g , l y y, Yn Au a Tr n tat s Au a dc Aulburne Hos iium Novum , l i i i , l , p , Au a Laurencii wou all be fficu t to find exce t l , ld di l , p perhaps that Aula de Aulh urne might be identified in h M erton Street. T e account ends with the statement that there had been expended in one year pro exhibitionibus scolasticorum ultra exhibitiones duorum con fratrum n st m r o rorum do o nost a Cant. studientium 60 ’ M rt n L am Th a v r i o o s e c . e bo e ditch o dyke s cut through th e Nene and Was etween Peter orou an d W s ech and h b b gh i b , ns r w v ru pa allel ith the ri er Nene for fifteen miles. It is t n f nd u f n f in r eigh ee eet deep a abo t fi tee eet b eadth . Most ' - ro a th e mon s of S. Peter s Peter orou co O erate p b bly k , b gh , p d w t th e B s o of El in the wor and it was n ten e to i h i h p y k, i d d preven t the overflow from the river Ncue from devastating the surroun n fen countr Th e ermanenc of the wor di g y. p y k and the completeness of the idea is shown by its existence and utility even n ow ; and at times the Nene-Wash Com m ss ners carr out re n the c anne . It has no oc i io y d dgi g h l l k, and must have cost thousands of pounds in labour either n f r r a It is w rt not cin t at the an s on the e o ced o p id. o h i g h b k north of the river Nene and also that of the south of ’ M orton s Lesme were raised by th e monks of the neighbour ’ hood of S. Peter s Crow an T orne and El . , l d, h y, y n -014 as ARCHBISHOP or a n 'rsns nv no c u . 107 or N ew Leame so a van ta eo us to s ec , d g Wi b h , th e first and grea test attempt that hath been made in this ki ngdom for the gene ral dra inage o f those vas t fens lyi ng in Cambridgeshire a nd th e cou nties adj acen t H e had some simila r public -spirited v iews in dra i ni ng his marshes to make a new haven in Tha net In th e British M useu m Libra ry there is a n VII P r ince A r t/i n r nd o en t t e H e . a w rk i l d , ry , , Ca r dinal M or ton f o a ou e esent n , r m gr p r pr i g the Ado ration of the Three Ki ngs on th e Cha ncel Screen of Plymtree Chu rch in th e o un t of ev n t a no t ce C y D o . Wi h i by T .

oz e . . ecto o f t ee . L on on M l y, M A , R r Plym r ( d , In it the re is a long biographical n ot ce of a n a o ton con ta n n c t ca i C rdi l M r , i i g ri i l ’ ’ rema rks on Rapi n s a nd H ume s accou nts Of ’ f n on a es ea e s e e e ces to etc. him , Sh k p r r r him , , ’ a nd u t n f m oo s f f th q o i g ro Dr. H k li e o e ‘ ca na A e tt and s na f h rdi l . l er ig tu re o t e cardi na l ’ a r v n f / e e . . a C r gi rom Dr J B . Shepp rd s z ist Cl ai r e/i L etter s u s e the a en , p bli h d by C md c efe enc a r So iety . R r es e made to Ca non ’ o e tson s H i stor o t/ze Cli r istia n Cla i r e/z R b r y f , ’ ’ ou s Se a ls/t r ot M on u men ts Weeve s G gh p , r

F u ner al on n nzen ts, etc. At th e e nd are sketches Of ( 1 )The Virgi n a nd 2 c s o o ton o n a Child ; ( )Ar hbi h p M r , h ldi g

Lives tire r ha /to n of A e b ps of Ca ter bury . LIFE F OH N MORT N 108 O J O .

c a ce in his eft an t its cove in h is h li l h d , wi h r t the on one ex ta n t nce t u righ , ly ; ( 3)Pri Ar h r ; n VII (4)H e ry . The re a re also exact reprod uctions in colou rs ’ o f th e fou c tu es th e ca na s e n a ou t r pi r , rdi l b i g b n n i ne i ches high . ’ Ca rdinal M orton s tomb is thus described a na o ton es u e acco n to the C rdi l M r li b ri d , rdi g ” ect ons of his eneat th e este n ba dir i will , b h w r y of the a e of Our L a of Un e c oft on Ch p l dy d r r , th e floo r o f which we can still see th e huge ston c o his nu n a ass Its e whi h b re mo me t l br . a t x a one e a ns but it s o s the t e m ri l r m i , h w mi r a nd the disti n ctive cross- headed sta ff of the a c s r hbi hop . An e a o a te ca ve to t a ne e l b r ly r d mb, wi h p ll d and ca ve ca no e ecte a na o ton r d py , r d by C rdi l M r u n h is fet e occu es a n a c of th e d ri g li im , pi r h

a s e ch sta n s a few feet to the sou t - est i l , whi d h w

f the a a e on s a ta - t es o L dy Ch p l . Up thi l r omb li a an so e ef of the ca na a c s o h d m figy rdi l r hbi h p , su rrou nded by dimi nu ti ve sta tues of six priests

Are/za olo ia Ca ntiano vol. x . . . g , iii , p 339 Volo et dispono quod corpus meum sepcliatur in eulesia mea Cath edrali Cantuar viz coram Imagine Beatissime Vir inia Marita vul arite n uncu atte ur La of n r g , g p (O dy U de c roft et uo co-o eriatur cum uno ano a e marmor ), q d p pl l pid eo ' basso als ue aliis volu tuosis ex ensis Battel s Anti q p p ( y o.

Ca nt. a en. to su . . , pp p , p

OH N OR N 1 1 0 LIFE or J M TO .

Tu dor po rtcu llis ; then fo llows a r eons o n th e ’ a c s o s na e a mar t fa con s tt n o n r hbi h p m , ( l ) i i g a tn n ca s : nex t a ea s a u o o se ( k) pp r T d r r , ’ c ro wn ed ; followed a nother cardi nal s hat ; to which a no ther crowned rose succeeds a nd the o to n e us e eate n s es the eco a t o n M r r b , r p d , fi i h d r i ,

a t the ase o n eac s e of the a c . b , h id r h The o ute r a n d wider hollo w mouldi ng o f th e a c was e t s ix a e u es stan n r h fill d wi h l rg fig r , di g on ac ets en ea t ca no es t ee on eac br k b h pi , hr h s e n the est are t ee fe a e sa n ts id . O w hr m l i o ne at the to p holds a sword th e lo west figu re o a e esen ts the V n a r n the pr b bly r pr irgi M y. O

east s e e e . sto e on to a n id w r S Chri ph r ( p), ecc es as t c a nd a n a c s o a t ose fee t l i i , r hbi h p , wh n u s a r is a n ove rthrown drago . These fig re e now sadly m utila ted ; but they seem to ha ve ee n e fect in 1 26 en a t ca use the b p r 7 , wh D r d whole mo n umen t to be engraved for his histo ry o f th e cat e a h dr l . ' M o rton transla ted Ca rdi nal Bona ve n tura s M ir r on r of tire B lessed L if e of j esn fro m the

Lat n . It is a a a ase of the os e s a nd i p r phr G p l , the tra nsla tion is bea u tifully pri n ted by Rich a rd P n son t so dc u s ns te in h e x e oo t e t t t . y , wi h m w i r d e A n imperfect copy is in th e Bri tish M useu m ; an other copy is in the library of Co rpus Christi o e e a e and fou co es r C ll g , C mbridg ; r pi a e pre se ve in the od e a n L a xfo r d B l i ibr ry, O rd . MORTON AS ARCH BISHOP OF CA NTE RBURY. Il l

N TE T O S o C H APTE R VIII.

1. CAN TERB URY.

Ecc es ast ca affa rs were ver com cate in th e towns l i i l i y pli d , and es pec ially in the cathedral c ities. There were three reat ecc es ast ca owers at Canter ur the Pr or of g l i i l p b y , i y ’ C r st C urc the Convent of S Au ust ne s and the h i h h , . g i , Th l ss ns n h s archbishop. e o d di e io s that ad once di turbed their common harmony had all been appeased by mean s of a complete separation between th e property and j urisdi ction of the arc s o and th e Con vent of C r st C urc w c hbi h p h i h h , hi h had been finally arranged somewhere about 1 260 ; and by an agreemen t which was concluded about th e end of th e ’ fourteent cen tur etween S. Au ust ne s and C r st C urc h y b g i h i h h, as to t e r s ec a s utes a out ecc es ast cal rero at ves h i p i l di p b l i i p g i , or a out th e r ts of the convents on the seas or the b igh high , ua at For w c in the common mea ows at Sturr and q y d i h , d y , in th e ne ou r n ar ours of San w c w c e on e ighb i g h b d i h, hi h b l g d ’ - t . B in the n ra ac ma in th t o S Augusti ne s. ut ge e l pe e k g e ci y was eft out and the c t h ad its own se arate r evances l , i y p g i a a nst arc s o a ot and r or . g i hbi h p, bb , p i The archbishop possessed certain rights which were ex ceedin l nconven ent to the orou . In case of a uarre g y i i b gh q l , he cou refuse to or a n Can ter ur men to con rm Canter ld d i b y , fi bur c ren or to a ow the offi ces of th e C urc to s c y hild , ll h h i k

eo e un ess the townsfo swore to o e him in all t n s. p pl , l lk b y hi g H e could forbid his tenants to j oin in the great city festival

- of the trans at on of S. T omas. H is orou ofSta le ate l i h b gh p g , ust o os te the a ace and w t n the c t oun ar es was j pp i p l i hi i y b d i , surrounded by a wall and exempt from th e jurisdiction of bo th th e city and the county ; even th e royal writ did not

run in it. Th e dispute between th e city and the abbot about his ’ and mar et for the a ot s m was su ose to n ure mill k , bb ill pp d i j th e c t m w c la a tt e er u the stream was i y ill, hi h y li l high p , ORT N 1 1 2 LIFE or JOH N M O .

Anot er n Of con tent o n was settled amicably in 1 5 2 2. h bo e i ’ s w the exact limits of th e abbot s authority . Thi as settled ’ in 1 w en the a ot s a ows at Chaldensh am the 4 75 , h bb g ll , by c ns nt of the commun t and of the conven t were o e i y ,

destroyed . B ut th e prior of Christ Church was the most quarrelsome h r r of the three ecclesiastical po wers at Canterbury. T e p io had his own a ows w ere men were un for s ee -stea n g ll , h h g h p li g as we as for mur er and w en the see of Canter ur was ll d , h b y vaca nt convicted prisoners who pleaded their clergy were an ver to h im as t e r or nar an arran emen t w c h ded o h i di y, g hi h must have been a source of much bitter feeling on the part of the towns eo e. Th e cat e ra too was turne nto a p pl h d l , , d i sanctuary where crimi nals fled from the just j udgment of - n their fellow citize s. h u st on of tax s cause mu n n SO also t e q e i e d ch wra gli g. r st urc w c owned w t n the franc s 30 f Ch i Ch h, hi h i hi hi e £ 0 o rent and five acres of an c a me to be free from an l d, l i d y contribution for mai ntain ing th e walls of the city after the circuit had been completed by Archbishop Sudbury and ’ left to the people s care ; an d this dispute was not settled t 1 3 w en the convent av n ot ossess on of a ill 49 , h , h i g g p i art of the wa un ertoo to ee t at sect on of it in p ll, d k k p h i r repai . Th r ms h ad to suffer for u e pilg i these q arrels. Th e c itizens sought to charge the convent with part of the tax raised to pay the costs of levyi ng soldiers for the royal serv ce. The r or refuse to be taxe n r i p i d d , a d p ocured a ‘ s ec a rotect on from the n for C urc ro ert p i l p i ki g h h p p y. T s nfur ate the eo e an d at a meet n hi i i d p pl , i g held in ’ B lackfriars churchyard they passed a resolution that if th e conven t still refused they would break their windows

- Lit. Cant. i. 3 1 3 3 3. H st. MSS. v. . , , 3 i , , 433

H st MSS. Com . ix. 8 . i . , , 9

F H RT N 1 1 4 u se O JO N MO O .

ert es of the c t and a rant was t en ma e ro a in lib i i y, g h d , p b bly r r f r eav a ment w c confirme a recent rcstora etu n o h y p y , hi h d v A n nt u r iven to tion of ancient pri ileges. mag ifice s ppe g n 1 Lord Essex expressed the gratitude of the city . I 4 74 the city paid for a proviso to confirm the restorations of 1 t r w n n t n their liberties. In 4 75 he e as a i vestiga ion i ca mera of the charters and muniments concern ing the bounds of the liberty ; and in 1 48 1 payments were made to friends and patrons who had helped them with the king in

e preservi ng the lib rties Of the city . At the accession of H nr VII it ecame necessar to bu renewa and co n e y . b y y l

firmation of the c arter and t s was com ete in 1 8 . h , hi pl d 4 7 In 1 4 90 the mayor conferred with Cardinal M orton on th e r s renewal and extension of the libe ties of the city ( Hi t.

MSS. Com. ix. 1 0 se . 1 0. See Romne ibid. v. , , 4 q , 7 y, , , 5 34 ,

5 35 1 5379 5 391 5431

’ III. TH E CH URC H S PLACE .

All the multitudinous activities and accidents of the common life were summed up for the people in the parish c urc t at stoo in t e r mar et ace c ose to the h h h d h i k pl , l w s h f ss common house or guild hall . This a t e ortre of the — borough against its enemies its place of safety where the treasure of the commons was store in an erous t mes th e d d g i , arms in the stee e th e wea t of corn or woo or rec ous pl , l h l p i ’ oo s 1 in the c urc tse f uar e the sen tence of g d h h i l , g d d by exeommunication against all who should violate so sacred a w n w h st n new protection . Its shrines ere hu g ith t e ra ge thi ngs which English sailors had begun to bring across the

reat seas as t e do now in cont nenta c urc es. g , h y i l h h F m h ch u h w r th ll ran ut w ch call ro t e rc to e e be g o , hi ed

Pastor: Letters, 436. 3 H . . o . v. 06. ist MSS C m , , 3 MORTON AS ARCHBISHOP OF CA NTERBURY. [ IS

the eo e to arm for the common efence or summone a p pl d , d

a m r roc a me the o en n of the market . general sse bly , o p l i d p i g Burghers had their seats apportioned to them by th e corporation in the same rank and order as the stalls which m Th it had already assigned to the in the market place. e city officers and their wives sat in the chief places of honour ; next to them ca me the tradesmen according to “ t e r e ree w t t e r fam ies onoura - arrolted h i d g , i h h i il h bly y p ” “ ac e in ews w e a rent ces and servants s a l (p k d) p , hil pp i h l ” in h s sit or stand t e alley . There on Sundays and feast days the people came to

hear any news of importance to the commun ity. Th e church was t e r common a w ere th e commona t met h i h ll, h l y for all n s of us ness to au t the town accounts to ki d b i , di , v e the common lan s to ma e rants of ro ert to di id d , k g p p y,

re so ers or to e ect a ma or . T ere the counc met hi ldi , l y h il on Sun a s or f st va s s m t est su t t e r conven ence d y e i l a igh b i h i i , so that we even read of a payment made by the priest to th e corporation to induce them not to hold thei r assemblies in 1 h c r t e hancel while high mass was being celeb ated . It was the natural place for j ustices to sit and hear cases of assault and theft ; or it might serve as a hall where

‘ e difiicult legal questions could b argued out by lawyers . In fair time the throng of traders expected to be allowed to over ow from the H Street nto the cat e ra rec ncts fl igh i h d l p i , “ and were ever wont and use to la O en bu and d y p , y sell divers merchandises in th e said church and cemetery ’ and s ec a in the n s wa t ere at We s Sa sbur p i l ki g high y h ll , li y , ar 'l ot er aces more as s es ow s and ot er t n s h pl , di h , b l , h hi g e and in the sa c urc ornaments for the same and lik , id h h other jewels conven ient thereto

H st. MSS. v. . Romne fi nd iv. 1 6 . i , , 537 y , , , , 43 9 ’ Shillin f rd s Lett rs . R rt on Mar ets 3 . g o e , 93 epo k , 5 Fa rs for en on Sun a s and Feast Da s 3 Henr i bidd d y y , 7 y

VI. . , cap 5 . 1 1 6 u se o r OHN MORTON J .

In a draft presen tation to a London vicarage of 1 4 3 7 there is a written memorandum with an order from the king that no fairs or markets shall be held in sanctuaries for the honour of H oly Church

Edward I. had forbidden such fairs in h is statute of merc ants but suc an or er was tt e in armon w th h , h d li l h y ith e spirit of the age ; and if there was an occasional stirri ng of consc nce in the matter it was n t t the t m f u ie , o ill i e o La d that the public atta i ned to a conviction or acquiesced in an authoritati ve assertion that the church was desecrated by t it ’ the transac ion in of common business. The eo e too were fre uen t the la rectors of th p pl , , q ly y e ar s ch urch and a o n te the war ens an ur p i h , pp i d d d ch ch war ens contro e the fun s and the a m n strat on of d , ll d d d i i i lands left for maintai ni ng its services and fabric ; sometimes “ c a m to the fees a fo r mass T e m t they laid l i p id es. h y igh c n h even criticise the o duct of t e rector. But the people on their part were taxed for the various e e n th w expenses of the c hurch . S rj a ts sen t by e To n unc co ecte un er severe ena ties the ues fo r the Co il ll d, d p l , d “ ” rea and trendilles of wax or t-s ver for blessed b d , ligh il , the lights b urned beside dead bodies laid in the ch urch an d the town treasury paid for coals for the new fire on Easter Eve If a church had to be rebuilt or repaired the corporation h wor in mot on and the wor was accom s e set t e k i , k pli h d ’ fts of mone ornaments or mone s wort or either by gi y, , y h , “ by labour.

1 H t . MSS. Com. v. 6. is , , 4 3 ’ ctor Wren s Ex er men ts Mora to H u ens See Do p i , y yg ,

t. 1 66 . 23111 Sep , 4 ’ . M S. Com . vi. . Cu t s Co c ester 1 3 . H ist S , , 495 l l h , 9

H st. H st. MSS. Com. iv. 1 3. H ylte i , i , , , 4 3

3 3 1 . H ist. MSS. , vi . , 494 ; x., 4 , 5 4, 5 9, 53

1 1 8 L IFE F OH N MORT N O J O . merc ants had van u s e t e r r va s in the Nort the h q i h d h i i l h, Danes Swe es and Norwe ians and th e H auseatic tra ers , d , g , d , while they had firmly plan ted themselves in every important tra n ort a on the western coast of Euro e and com di g p l g p , peted with the Italian Republics not only for thei r own carr n tra e but for t at of th e Net er an s as we . In y i g d , h h l d ll r f I ract ca th f h the eign o Edward II. p i lly e whole o t e foreign commerce of England was carried in foreign vessels ; in the reign of Henry VII. the great bulk of the tra had sse nt n n B s m r de pa d i o E glish ha ds. riti h e c hants were to be foun d in every port from Alexandria to Re av and w erever t e touc e eft e n ykj ik, h h y h d l b hi d r n s r l o ga i ed and fi mly established trade.

T n L1 in a . e ur . . ow ] ? 1 17mm C nt y , vol i p. 1 3 3 A PPE N D I X .

1 33 or OH N MORTON J .

V . . u n 1 1 H en . II art 2 m 1 1 . 3 e. , p , 7J

‘ Ac ua n ta nce the K n to o n Arc s o of q i by i g J h , hbi h p “ Can ter ur for 1 00 in fu a ent of the w o e of b y, £ 5 , ll p ym h l his benevolence lately gran ted to us by h im for the support and wages of 1 5 0 men for two whole years towards our royal voyage by us in our own person assumed for the defence of t s our rea m and of the C urc of En an and for hi l h h gl d, recovering and re-obtaini ng the realm of France H e is discharged from all other or greater sums due either on account of his said gran t or by force of any statute made in h t e late Parliament.

1 3 H en . VII. art 2 m. 6 . 1 u . , p , 7J ly

' L cence to T omas Ear of Surre to enfeofi o n i h , l y , J h , Arc s o of Can ter ur and ot ers of the Cast e and hbi h p b y, h l Baron of Bam ur a as Dam re and sun r Manors in y b gh li b , d y

Sussex.

1 H en . VII. art a m. 1 . A r . 5 , p , 5 3 p il

L cence to R c ar Neve and ot ers to en feoff o n i i h d ll h J h , Car na Arc s o of Canter ur and ot ers of the di l hbi h p b y, h , M anors of Danehy in Blakhommore and Thornton in — Pikerin L t in or s re and ot er manors in cos. g igh , Y k hi , h r n No thampto and Bedford .

R A CLOSE OLLS ( MS. CAT LOGUES). — 1 2 Edw. IV. m. 1 . W am Flowre o dsm t of , 9 illi , g l i h, Lon on em se to Master o n Morton c er Sir o n d , d i d J h , l k , J h Donn K n t and ot ers the Manor of Gre or es in , igh , h , g i Th e on Bo s Essex and the tenement ca ed the New yd y , , ll taverne in the parish of 8 . Peter in the Market of West ch e in the war of Br dstre Lon on . ep , d e te, d — 1 Edw. IV. 111. 1 . o n Moreton c er Master of 3 , 9 J h , l k, APPEN DIX ~ . 1 33

' the Ro es in the K n s Chauncer was a art w t ot er ll i g y, p y i h h Judges to an in denture. — 1 Edw. IV. m. . H e was art to a ee . 4 , 7 p y d d — . W 1 Edw. IV 111 Sir Ro ert illu hb and ot ers 7 4. b g y h re ease to o n Morton K ee er of the Ro s of C ancer l J h , p ll h y, the Manor of Milebome Deverell, etc . , in Dorset. — 3 1 and 3 1 Edw. IV. References to Ro ert Morton , 9, b , gent.

CH ARTER ROLL H ENR VII. No. 1 . , Y 3

1 Marc 6 H n . VII. 5 h , o

C arter to o n Arc s o of Canter ur and his h J h , hbi h p b y, successors rant n t at t e ma ave 11 Fa r at Sevenok , g i g h h y y h i

Sevenoa s in K nt ever ear. ( k ), e , y y

CLOSE ROLL 1 H ENR VII. No . 6. , Y 3

Dee Constance Cress re ct of Sir o n Cress d by y, li J h y, ’ K n t of th e town of St. A an s H erts rant n to oh n igh , lb , , g i g J , B s o of El C ance or of E n an R o ert M oreto n i h p y, h ll gl d, b , ’ K ee er of the Ro s of the K n s Chancer o n Forster p ll i g y, J h , R o ert M oreton es u res and ot ers h er manor of Ratam b , q i , h , ste e H erts. Dated at Ratamstede 2 A ri 1 H en r d , , 9 p l , y l VII.

E R LL HENR VII No . 1 1 . CLOS O , 4 Y

(Abstract. )

W of o n Arc s o of Can ter ur Pr mate and ill J h , hbi h p b y, i Le ate ec ar n our m n w and ntent concernin the g , d l i g i d , ill, i g

1 ’ ” T i n in M r. am e s Mater a s but t e his s ot C pb ll i l , h y refer to a writ to take an i nquisition after the death of th e sa onstance ate 3nd Ma 1 86 . id C , d d y, 4 The archbishop uses the plural pronoun all through this documen t. 2 s e or OH MORTON 1 4 u J N .

s osa of our Manor of Milebourne Deverell ot erw se di p l , h i M ileborne Car six messua es one waterm 800 acres of y, g , ill, an 300 acres of asture and 30 acres of mea ow in M e l d, p , d il ’ ourne St. An rew s two acres of mea ow in Rokemede in b d , d

the ar s of K n esbcre co . Dorset the Manor of M e p i h y g , , il ourne h urcheston and 1 3 messua es 00 acres of and b C , g , 3 l , 30 acres of mea ow 00 acres of asture 30 acres of woo d , 3 p , d,

1 0 acres of eat 1. of rent and the rent of 1 . of e er h h , 4 , lb p pp ’ in Milebourne St . An rew s M ilebourne Simondeston and d , , Dewelisshe and asture for six oxen and four e fers in the , p h i Manor of Dewelissh e and all ot er our an s and tenements , h l d

in Somerset and Dorset. F rst we w and ec are t at i , ill d l h E t who was the w fe of R c ar Morton our rot er di h i i h d , b h , ecease s a ave the custo of all the rem ses and the d d, h ll h dy p i , ssues and ro ts t ereof for the ma ntenance of erse f and i p fi h , i h l h er c ren ur n th e m nor t of o n Mo rton son and hild , d i g i i y J h , e r of the sa R c ar and w en the same o n arrives at h i id i h d, h J h fu a e we w t at he s a ave and o the rem ses to ll g , ill h h ll h h ld p i him and the rs ma e of his o w t rema n er to his hei l b dy , i h i d rot er W am Morton in the same manner and furt er b h illi , h rema n er to T omas M orton son of W am M orton ou i d h , illi , r rot er in the same manner t en to Ro ert Morton son b h , , h b , and e r of Ro ert Morton our nsman in the same h i b , ki ,

manner t en to our r t e rs. We ave sca e t s our , h igh h i h l d hi ast W as to the rem ses at our Manor of Lamhithe 1 3 l ill p i , , - F ruar 1 88 i r n. eb y, 4 9] n the third year of ou reig On 33rd March in this year the arc hbishop came i nto the ’ K n s C ancer at Westm nster and ac now ed e the i g h y i , k l g d l writing aforesaid .

’ ” T s is not in Mr. Cam e s Mater a s but t e hi pb ll i l , h y n w s t co tain t o deed rela ing to the same estates ; see post .

1 3 se or OH N MORTON 6 u J .

HARLE C H ARTERS 0 D. 36 . Y , 5

3 H en . VII. [ 1 486

C arter of o n Forster to olrn Are/coi rlw o Canter h J h j , p f on r Ro ert Morton B s o of Worcester and ot ers of o , b , i h p , h , i the Manor of Mawdelines, n co . H erts.

- D T L M 8 3 3 Bri . Mus. A DI IONA S , 5 4 58 8, t T hese contain extracts made in 1 75 3 by the Rev. W illiam Cole from the Registers of the Bishop of Ely.

58 36 (f. ’ B s o Gra s Re ster 1 . i h p y gi , 45 7 “ Sir o n Marton c a a n w t ot er secu ars was J h , h pl i , i h h l . resent at th t on of an A ot of T orne in the p e elec i bb h y, c a t - h p er house there. ’ r [There are no extracts from Bishop M orton s R egiste . )

58 3 7( f. Bu of Po e Innocent the E t a o nt n o n ll p igh h , pp i i g J h Alcoc to the B s o r c of El on the trans at on of [ k] i h p i y, l i Bishop John [Morton] to the see of Ely ; and releasing him from the bond by which h e was bound to the Church ’ W - of orcester . Date at St . Peter s R ome 1 86 rid. d , , 4 , p

Non . Octobr.

ADDIT NAL MS. 8 8 . 6. IO , 5 4 , p 5

Arms of o n M orton Ab . of Canter ur and Car na . J h , p b y di l MATERIALS ILLUSTR ATIVE OF THE H ISTOR Y

OF TH E R EIGN or H ENR VII. Edte Y , i d by W 1 - the Rev. am Cam e 8 . illi pb ll , 73 7

1 . 485, 7th Nov. , 1 Hen . VII Parliamen t held at Westminster pursuant to writ of

u n th 1 . o l s mmons. O e 9 Nov the bishop f E y was r mesent [and p obably on other days]. APP N D E IX. 1 37

1 8 1 h . . V 4 5 , 4t Nov , 1 Hen II. W Grant to o n B s o of El am E ot clk . o n J h , i h p y, illi ly , , J h Chalvcdon and Peter Wi am ent eman to eac of t em , lli , g l , h h and t eir ass ns of the r of resentat on t the ean r h ig , ight p i o d e y ? of S Biriane co. Cornwa w enever the same s a a en , ll, h h ll h pp

t v f r h r v. . . o be oid ; o t e next p esentation only . 9 No P S

. . 1 No . 454 Pat r. 4 , m. 3

1 . 486 , 2 7th Feb. , 1 H en VII.

A o ntment for 20 ears of comm ss oners of th e pp i , y , i i ’ K n s m nes of tin ea Co er o and s ver in i g i , l d , pp , g ld , il England and Wales (the mi nes in Cornwall and Devon

exce te . Amon t em o n s o of El is men p d) g h J h , bi h p y ,

tioned.

Various privileges are accorded to the above-mentioned comm ss oners the owners of m nes and so abo ve m nes i i , i il i , and the workmen employed in the divers operations con

n w w r s f th m nes 3 1 Fe . P . . ected ith the o k o e said i . b S

No . 06 . Pat. . 3 m. 1 7 p ,

1 86 6th Marc 1 H en . VII. 4 , h ,

By the Kyng.

We wall and c ar e ou t at inconten ent u n h h g y h , ppo t e

' s t ereof e sufire R c ar e Norton c er w at igh h , y i h d , l k , by h name or namys so ever he be callyd to take oute oure eneralle ettres of rardoun and the me to ave and en o g l , y h j y

' acc r n o th an d rur arte of the same his nam o dy g t efiecte p , e b i n w s n n eyng in the hylle of excepc ou not yth tandy g. A d t es oure ettres s n e w t oure owh e an sh albe our h l , ig d i h h d, y suffi ci t w nt. even the v da of March th e f rst en ara Y j y , y yere of oure regnye.

F r ex anat on of t ese a rev at ons see ost. o pl i h bb i i , p IFE OF H N M RT N 1 38 L JO O O .

To the right reverend fader in God oure ryghte trusty v and welbelo yd the bissh Ope of Ely, our chauncellor of

n l . . B . . 1 3 E g ond S No 9 .

1 86 th Marc 1 Hen . VII. 4 , 7 h ,

De liberatione sigilli episcopo Elienai . ’ Memoran um uo die Lunar sexto Martu anno d , q c , di . re s H enr c Se timi r mo c rca oram deciman ante gi i i p p i , i h nonam e us em e in uadam arva a ta camera uxta j d di i, q p l j ardinum in h os itali Sanct o ann s erusa em in An a g p i J h i J l , gli , extra arras Westsm thfeld London ia em om n us rex b y , , id d i , x n s sco in praesentia venerabilis patris P. E onie si epi pi as aris uc s Bedfordize et Cr stofor Ursew ke clerici J p d i i i y , elemosinarii e u m om n re is ct aliorum lurimorum j sde d i i g , p , ma num s um suum re ium in ue am a a de a o g igill g , q d b g lb cor o inclusum ct si neto i sius om ni re s si illatum i g , p d i gi g venera atr o an n e sco o Elicnsi deliberavit bili p i , J h i pi p , , , uem in e us cancellarium tune em const tu r i t ei q , j ibid i i , custodiam dicti sigilli commisit ; idemque venerabilis pater episcopes Eliensis sigillum prtedictum de pre fato om no re e in m sentia antedicta rece it et us ue ad d i g , p , p , q h os i um suum in arochia Sanct An reas in H olbourne p t p i d , ,

Londonia secum as ortari fec t . Et se t mo die M artii , p i p i tune rox mo se uente c rca oram deciman ante nonam p i q , i h , em cancelliarius s um illud in ba s m dicta sic id , igill , g p , inclusum et si neto re fat om n re s si illatum in g p i d i i gi g , hos itio nefati m n cancellarii in re sentia Willielmi p p di i i , p Bo ton R car Sk tone et R o ert Blac wa clericorum l , i di yp , b i k ll, , et aliorum a eriri et cum eo versa rev a ct litteras p , di b i t nt s s ar fe t deinde ue s um illud sub pa e e igill i ci ; q igill , u t u m e s i Eli nsi cancellarii auc rita c s odia ej sde pi cop e s , to te

r n i . . . regis pre dicts ema s t Cl m. 7

1 86 th Marc 1 H en . VII. 4 , 9 h, ' r t to the most exce ent r ncess the Kin s most G an ll p i , g

L IFE OF OH N MORTON 1 30 J .

subgiettes and servaun tes Philip ap H owell and Jane his l wif somt me our norice an d h eraftre to be oone we ~ , y , d , have yeven and graunted unto them an an nuytie or ann uell rent of twen t ound s to be had and erce ed erel for y p e , p y y y terme of theire l ves and of eithre of th e me on er l vin y , y l g y g, by the bandes of the chambrelain of our exchequier of rm r n f m in th fest s f M ich lma Ca e dy or th e ty e bee g, at e e o e s

and Estre even orc ions. W erefore we wol and c ar e , by p h h g you that undre our grete seel ye do make h erupon our lettres n r patentes in due an d sufficien t fourme. Yeven u de our ‘' r ve see at our alaice Westm nster the xii 1 da of p y l , p i , y

une the furst ere of out re ne. 1 une. P . S. No. J , y g 3 J 94°

1 86 1 th u 1 H en . VII. 4 , 3 J ly ,

Grant to o n s o of El the c ance or of the J h , bi h p y , h ll , custody of all the temporalities of the arc hbishopric of Canter ur vo th e eat of T omas car na th e ate b y, id by d h h , di l , l arc s o w t the s osal of all ecc es ast cal benefices hbi h p . i h di p l i i ,

etc. to o ur n th e vo dance t ereof. Pat. . m. 1 1 h ld d i g i h p 4 , ( 1 4)

1 86 1 th Se t. 3 H en . VII. 4 , 7 p ,

A o ntment of Ma ster T omas Burwe to the ens on pp i i h ll p i , w c the Arc s o of Can ter ur is oun reason of hi h hbi h p b y b d, by his romot on to the arc s o r c to v to a c r of the p i hbi h p i , gi e le k ’ Kin s n m W o nat n . v n in E. D em r g i io Gi e at chestre. ec be

1 . 0 P. S. No. 204 .

1 486, 2nd Dec ., 3 H en . VII.

Wr t of rest tut on of tem ora t es on the trans at on of i i i p l i , l i o n s o of El to the arc s o r c of Canter ur J h , bi h p y, hbi h p i b y, vise T omas the ast arc s o of Canter ur eceased . h , l hbi h p b y, d

P . S. No. 306 . Pat. . 1 m . 1 8 p ,

Nurse. APPENDIX . 1 31

Concurrent wr ts for cos. Norfo and Suffo Essex an i lk lk , d Herts Oxon and Ber s Surre and Sussex or B uc s , k , y . Y k, k , the ma or of Lon on the esc eato r of Lon on and y d , h d . to the

tenants of the archbishopric .

1 486, 6th Dec . , 3 H en . VII.

Wr t of rest tut on of tem ora t es on the trans at on i i i p l i , l i of o n s o of Worcester to the see of El vice o n th J h , bi h p , y, J h , e

ast s o of El trans at . P . S. 30 P . e . at . 1 m . 1 l bi h p y, l d 5 p , 8

Concurrent wr ts fo r the cos. Norfo and Suffo i lk lk, M esex Essex and H erts the ma or of Lon on th iddl , , , y d . e esc eator of Lon on and to th e n ts and fre h d , k igh emen of the

is o r c. Wr t to the r or and convent of El for b h p i i p i y, bidding m nt rm in the sa t m ora the to i e eddle id e p lties.

. V 1 486, 1 6th Dec , 3 H en . II.

Writ to th e archbishop of Canterbury for a convocation r is v n e in the c u of the c e of h ro c rc of St . Pau l gy p i h h l , m m x Lon on or w ere e se ma see ore e ed ent. . B . d , h l y p i S

No. 1 4 .

1 8 3 th A r 3 H en . VII. 4 7, 4 p il ,

Par on and re ease to o n arc s o of Canter ur d l J h , hbi h p b y, r mate of all En an and e ate of the A osto c Sec of p i gl d, l g p li , all sums due from him for one ent re sme ran th i di , g ted to e v f n r n king by the clergy of the pro i nce o Ca te bury . Give at

oventr . 8 B . No. 6 . Pat. . 3 m . C y . p , 7

3 H n V . 1 487, Easter, e . II

Recei ts un r the ea n of Easter 3 H en. VII. B p ( de h di g ), y

Lor D n am treasurer of En an . d y h , gl d

Kent—From the arc s o of Canter ur of the ssues of hbi h p b y, i

his a w c xi. 3. b ili i k, 1 33 LIFE or j orm MORTON .

1 8 th Au 3 H en . VII. 4 7, 8 g ,

‘ Grant to the arc s o of Canter ur the c ance or hbi h p b y, h ll , and to the b s o of Exeter ee er of the r v sea of the i h p , k p p i y l , advowson and presentation to the prebend next vacant in th co c W e e ate urc of St. Ste en in the a ace of est ll gi h h ph , p l

m nster. S. B . No. . Pat. . 3 m. i 44 p , 4

1 487, 3 Hen . VII. Deliveries from th e Great Wardrobe To the or arc s o of Canter ur c ance or of l d hbi h p b y, h ll En an w at he ou t to receive for his certa n fee and gl d, h gh i , reason of his oflice t at is to sa on eac sevent da by , h y, h h y,

xi . of mea . . lb l

1 8 3 h N v. H n . V I. 4 7, 4t o , 3 e I

L cence to o n T m crle es . R c ar Suthwell i J h y p y, q , i h d , W l am H o an and Ro er T m crle to a enate the il i ll d, g y p y, li

manor and a vowson of K ntelesh am co. Suffo to o n d y , lk, J h rc s o of El W am T m crle son of the sa a hbi h p y, illi y p y , id

oh n T m crle C r sto er W ou k n t . o n J y p y, h i ph ill ghby, , J h

Sul erd k nt. R c ar Sk ton clk . and ot ers and t e r y , , i h d yp , , h , h i ‘ e rs for ever Pat. . 1 m. 1 h i . p ,

1 h . . V . 487, 1 5 t Dec 3 Hen II

Par on to Ro er Tokottes or k at. o n d g ( , J h C e ne o n Mom esson Henr Lon o n Tonke and h y , J h p , y g, J h , o n Merv n of all rants a enat ons and urc ases of J h y . g , li i , p h the manor and un re of Ha tresbur a as H a tredes h d d y y, li y ur and of the manors of Intr n ton and H orn n esham b y, y g y g , W f r r n o h Ro er T co. ts u t er a o t t e sa okottes il ; h p d id g , o n Mom csson Henr Lon o n Tonke and o n J h p . y g, J h , J h Merv n and Ro ert Ba nar and o n M un of all y , b y d J h dy, rants al enat ons and urc ases of the manors of g , i i , p h

1 This was clearly for the purposes of a trust.

LIFE or 101m MORTON .

V . H 1 488, 4th Oct , 4 en. II.

Indenture of agreement between the arc hbishop of anter ur on the one art and R c ard ear of R vers C b y, p . i h . l i , h ot er art w ere h former ou t of the atter on t e h p , h by t e b gh l the se te of the manor of Shoford otherw se cal e the i , y l d Mote and all the messua e ca e the Mote and all the . g ll d , londes and tenements of the acid manor of Shoford lying and bei ng withyn the park or pale called the parke of the in h r s h of Ma ston conte nin acr Mote, t e pa y s e yde , y g C es est macion and all ot er ou es and tenements of the by y , h l d r for a certe ne sum and the ear covenante seid pa k y l d , n t ot er t n s to ma e a oo estate of the rem ses amo gs h hi g , k g d p i to the sa arc s o and ot ers him to be named. id hbi h p, h by

Cl. 111 . 44 .

1 488, 4 Hen . VII.

Wr r h a c I ts un e t e Gre t Sea M ae mas term H en. VI . i d l , i h l , 4

T r f ant r r . 1 . o the a chbishop o C e bu y x . li

1 8 rd F b. H n. VI 4 9, 3 e , 4 e I.

Memoran um t at o n Morton former s o of d h J h , [ ly] bi h p ' El now Arc s o of Canter ur ca me nto th e n s y , [ hbi h p b y] , i ki g c ancer and ac now e e a certa n c arter of 1 Ma h y k l dg d i h 3 y,

3 1 Edw. IV. w c be rante all his manor of , by hi h g d

M ourne Chircheston w t its a urtenances co . Dorset ilb , , i h pp , , and all his an s t nements revers ons etc . in Milbourne l d , e , i , , ,

Se ntandrew s Simondeston and Dewelisshe co . Dorset y y , , , ’ (which he recently recovered in the king s court by the ’ same king s writ of right against Thomas R usce and

‘ E za et his w fe to Robert Morton clk . ee er of th e li b h i ), , , k p ’ n s rol s in c ancer T omas Merton clk . arc eacon ki g l h y, h , , hd of El Ric ar Morton Ro ert Morton and T omas y. h d , b , h

Morton ent m n. l. or 1 . , g le e C d . 5 APPENDIX.

1 8 1 F . 4 9, 3 d eb , 4 H en . VII.

’ M emorandum that John bishop of Ely entered the ki ng s chancery at Westminster and acknowledged an indenture of an a reement etween him and T omas H essee es . the g b h , q , e er of the count of Dorset w ere the atter 30 Edw. ld , y ; h by l ,

IV. bar a ne and so and oun mse f to conv , g i d ld . b d hi l ey com ete all his manor o f M ourne Chircheston alia s pl ly, ilb , the manor of M ourne St. Andrewe w t all his ilb , . i h lands and tenements in M ourne S mon ston and h is an s ilb , y y , l d , tenements revers ons serv ces and co mmon of asture in , i , i , p the ar s es of St. An rews M bourne and Develich co . p i h d , il , ,

Dorset etc. etc. for the some of ccxx. mar s x . 3. , , , k[ ] iii iiiid. to be paled vnto the sa id Thomas o r to his executours atte the citee of Newe Sarisbury in the counte of Wilteshire ” w t n xv a es after the fest of r stmas 1 8 0 . . i hi . d y Ch i 4 C1

3 . dor. 5

1 8 8th Marc H en . VII. 4 9, h , 4 The archbish op of Canterbury certi fies the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer that he has appointed the abbot and v nt of Boxli to reco ec t w t n the m ts of his ocese con e , ll i hi li i di ° ° ’ at ur s ction m . m . 1 . vii. s. x. . ob. and immedi e j i di . iiii i d , the first half the proportion of th e subsidy to be raised r n the ei .

1 8 a th u H en . VII. 4 9, s J ly, 4

Grant to o n arc s o of Canter ur o n Brown J h hbi h p b y , J h , clk and T omas Bot er of the resentat on to th e . , h ill p i ’ canonry or prebend next void in th e K i ng s free chapel of f W n at i he a ace o estm nst r. ve St. Stephen n t p l i e Gi

Windesor E. u 3 . P . S. No. 1 . Pat. m. , J ly 9 4 3

. V 1 oth u H en . I 1 489, A g , 4 I .

Renewal and confirmation in the high chamber of Win ast e of the treat ofmutua eace and efence desore C l , y l p d r N 1 36 LIFE o JOHN MORTO .

ma e etween R c ar K n of En an on the one art d b i h d, i g gl d , p , and the K n of Portu a on the ot er art in the ear of our i g g l, h p , y Lord 1 387: the said treaty havi ng been negoc iated and conc u e on the art of the K n of En lan his l d d , p i g g d, by comm ss oners R c ar Abberbur and o n Clamebowe i i , i h d y J h , n ts and R c ar e Ronhale octor on aws and on the k igh , i h d , d l , , art of the K n of Portu a Don Fer nan master of p i g g l, by di d,

the or r of the n ts of St. ames in Portu a etc . and de k igh J g l , ’ —W o n Fo ata n t c ance or of l ortu al. tnesses of J h g , k igh , h ll g i th e renewal an d c onfirmation : the archbishop of Canter ur th e s o of Exeter the ear s of Nort um er an b y , bi h p , l h b l d, S rews ur and Essex Geor e Stan e of n t h b y, , g l y k igh , R ichard Nevylle de Latymer an d John le Souche dc ’ Souc e arons master O ver K n the n s secretar h , b , li y g, ki g y ,

T mas Love l and R c ar Gu efor n ts. Fr. m . ho l i h d ld d, k igh 3 3 3 V 1 489. 4 H en . II.

' o mr brrs o eace a nd er a nd r m r C m m f P q/ Oy Te irre , addressed to the undernamed persons in th e followi ng counties

Sum s Se t. . arc s o of Canter ur and ot ers. ( p J hbi h p b y, h

Su r re Oct. 3 1 . arc s o of Canter ur and ot ers. y ( ) J hbi h p b y, h A so in the fo ow n count es amon man ot er names ( l ll i g i , g y h r B u mentioned Gloucestershi e ( Dec . cks (J uly 1 6) r Worcestershire ( Feb. Suffolk ( M a ch Gloucester shire (J une Yorkshire West R idi ng (J une North amptonshire (June 1 3) H erts (June Kent (June Leicestershi re (J une 1 3) Northamptonshire (J uly

1 . V I. 489, 4 Hen I The account of the keeper of the Great Wardrobe of K ing

H en . VII. — (Among)Deliveries from the Great Wardrobe z To the arc s o of Canter ur c ance or of En an . For his hbi h p b y, h ll gl d fee due to him wee reason of his onice. , kly by

1 8 LIFE OF OHN MORTON 3 J .

' S LLAB S OF R MER S FCEDERA E te Sir Y U Y , di d by

. D. H ar vol. . J dy, ii

1 8 h Au . 4 78 , t g

W s n s f st n s The K . rants to Sir am Ha t e o Ha e g illi y g y g , Sir T omas B ur and Sir T omas Sentle er the sum due h gh, h g , to him from th r or an convent of El ur n the e p i d y, d i g vacanc of the See s nce the eat of W am Gra ate y i d h illi y, l l W n r. b . and the cu to of the tem ra t es. estm ste p , s dy po li i i

O. xii. 8 . H . . . . 8 v. p iii 94

1 th an 4 79. 4 J .

Rest tut on of the tem ora t es to ohn M orton b . of i i p li i J , p W El . t n xii. . H . v. . . . y es mi ster. 0 . 97 p iii 97

1 4 79, a rst J an .

W b . Power for Ro ert b . of Bat and e s o n of b p h ll , J h , p El H enr ear of Essex Ant on ear of R vers and four y, y l , h y l y , ot ers to treat w t C ar es de Mart n b . of E na h , i h h l ig y , p l , concern n the roro at on of the truce w t France i g p g i i h . W estminst r. . i...... e 0 xi 97 H v. p iii 97

1 r 483, a3 d Oct.

Proc amat ons to be ssue t rou out En an offer n l i i d h gh gl d, i g rewar s for the ca ture of the Du of Buc n am the d p ke ki gh , b s. of El an d Sa s ur T omas mar u s of Dorset and p y li b y , h q i , n ne ot r s. r. . . 0 . H . . iii . 1 8 . i he rebel Leiceste O xii 3 4 v p. 3

1 484, 1 4th Feb. Writ for proceedi ng with the suit of Thomas H unston a a nst o n M orton b . of El to w ic th e b . ea e g i J h , p y, h h p pl d d that H unston was a native [bonda of his manor of

T S. in . W tm n r . . xii. ydde Giles co Cambridge. es i ste 0

3 . . . . iii. 1 59 H v p 60. l Th xts f n l R mer e te o these documents are give in ful by y . APPEN DIX . 1 39

1 86 1 th u . 4 , 3 J ly

' Grant to o n b . of El th e K . s c ance or of the J h p y, h ll , custo of the tem ora t es of the Sec of Canter ur vo dy p li i b y, id the eat of ar na T omas Bour chier late ab by d h C di l h [ g ], p.

W . v. . 1 . estmins r xii 03 . H . te . 0. . 3 p iii 75

1 486, 6th Dec. f Restitution of the temporalities to John abp. o Canter W ur translate from El . estm nster. . xii. 1 . b y. d y i 0 3 7

v. . . . H . p iii 1 8 1

1 8 36th A r . 4 7, p il

R e ease of o n ab . of Canter ur e ate of th ums l J h p b y, l g , e s due to the K . for the clerical tenth of the province of

anter ur . v ntr . . xii. 3 . H . v. . iii 1 . C b y Co e y 0 3 3 p . 84

1 487, 6th Aug.

Co mm ss on of Po e In nocent to the ab . of ant r ur i i p p C e b y , to absolve from excommunication persons wh o have caused

stur ances in the n om . R ome. 0. xii. 3 . di b ki gd 3 4 H .

v. p . iii . 1 84 .

1 88 h an. 4 , st J

P Inn r f n ope ocent orders the a chbp. o Ca terbury and the

b s. of W n c ester El and Exeter to sen n format on p i h , y, , d i i ' concern n R c ar b . of St. Asa s who has mm t i g i h d p ph , co it ed

treason a a ns th K n . R ome. . xii. . . . g i t e i g 0 333 H v. p

iii. 1 8 7.

1 6 a th une. 49 , 7 J

h . n n R eceipt by t e K of E gla d of 1 5 001. as a benevolence for the vo a e in France from o n Car na Ab . of Canter y g , J h di l p

ur W m n r. . . xii. . v. 1 0 . b y est i ste 0 633 H . v. p . i 4 H RTON LIFE OF J O N MO .

6 a th ct. 1 49 , 8 O

V s res the Ab . of Can ter ur Pope Alexander [ I. ] de i p b y, W nd Lon on to and he b s. of Dur am Bat and e s a t p h , h ll , d , a con vocat on of the c er of appoi nt Irish bps . to hold i l gy

Rome. . xii. 6 . H . v. . iv. 1 0 . Ireland . 0 43 p 9

1 th an . 1 5 0 , 9 J

t th r or and convent of C r stc urc Congé délire o e p i h i h h,

anter ur on the eat of o n M orton , ate car na C b y, d h J h l di l

W toc . O. xii. 1 . H . v. . iv. 1 . archbp. oods k 77 p 5 9

1 1 3n Au . 5 0 , d g

R est tut on of the tem ora it es of H enr ab . of Canter i i p l i y, p ’ ur trans ate from Sa s ur mee Car na o n late ab b y, l d li b y , di l J h p l W r. xii. 3. H . v. . iv. 1 60. deceased. estminste 0. 77 p

AL DAR F PANISH STATE PAPERS G . C EN O S , by

. nroth vol. i. . A Berge , , p 39

[ 1 49ll

Po e Innocent III. to Peter H usa Arc eacon of p V , hd

N orthampton . n Greeting and ben ediction to the K ing of E ngla d. H e w h n s f th A sto c Husa)is to sho the brief. T e fi ance o e po li

See are in a ver low state. Has t erefore as in ot er y , h , h n oms for nstance in France a rea ev e a tent on ki gd , i , , l dy l i d h W the c er . is es to do the same in E n and and as s l gy h gl , k th e permission o f H enry . H e must in qu ire with great subtlety and secrecy (so that no one else may know of it) whether H enry be inclined to permit the imposition .

1 Explanation of abbreviations ’

n f R ar a . O. Origi nal editio o ymer s F i n

H . The H ague edition of the same.

F H N M RT N 143 O JO O O .

o n Morton t en a so ve from the tie w c oun J h ( ), h b l d hi h b d him to th e c urc of El to the c urc of Canter ur the 1 h h y , h h b y , n v nt t rou the em se of T omas Bo urchier see bei g aca h gh d i h ( ),

r aco in T erm s. Cardinal of St. Ci i h i ” From m own ouse at Rome Fr a 6th Octo er y h ( ), id y, b ,

1 486.

r in ] . a tin 1 6 lines a a [O ig L , , p p ]

No. 5 1 4 . 1 486, 6th Oct.

o n ar na of An ers to the R t Rev. Lor J h C di l g , igh d An nounces the translation on that day by Pope Innocent I of o n A coc from the see of Worcester to the see VI I. J h ( l k) of El vacant the translat on of o n Morton from El y, by i J h y n r r to Ca te bu y. Fr m m wn ouse at Rome Fr a 6th Octo er o y o h ( ), id y, b ,

1 486 .

r i ina l a er 1 linen [O g p p , 9 ]

1 . No . 535 . 488 , 5 th Oct

' G ovann dc G s Co ector of Peter s Pen in i i igli , ll ce

E n an to Po e Innocent III. gl d, p V

Announces rece t of a r ef date rd une es r n ip b i d 3 J , d i i g h im to apply to the Archbishop o f Canterbury for redress a a nst some Franc scan Fr ars wh o ast Lent un er re g i i i , l , d p tence of certa n n u ences co ecte ecun ar a ms in i i d lg , ll d p i y l

E n an . Had th e r ef een e vere in due t me its gl d b i b d li d i , n unct ons wou have een most unctua but now as i j i ld b p lly ; , th e Friars have long since betaken themselves with the mone to Par s w ence t e came it cannot be recover y i , h h y , ed h ere t ou ot erwise all art es wou d ave en eavoure , h gh h p i l h d d, as tt n to o e the a a or er and the co ector ex fi i g, b y p p l d ; ll presses his belief that the money might be easily recovered i Par i fro m the convent n s w c it was sa ave r . i , h h id to h eac hed Negotiations are on foot for an alliance between the Ki ng D APPEN IX. 143

o f En an and the K n of Cast e and for the marr a e of gl d i g il , i g

r i V . thei children ; though this s not yet public . H en ry II ex ects to o a ar ament s ort in w c all matters p h ld p li h ly , hi h w be scusse and the co ector w t n transm t more ill di d . ll ill he i r The Arc s o of t r r o n ce tain i ntelligence. hbi h p Can e bu y (J h M rton is r me m nister we a e uate t ever t n o ) p i i , ll d q o y hi g, exce en t eserv n of the A osto c see and his H o ness ll ly d i g p li li ,

and worthy of honour.

Lon on h ct . 1 88 . d , st O , 4 a /in li nen [L , 34 ]

No. 5 37. 1 488 , r oth Nov.

n nt II. Henry VII. to Pope In oce VI H as al ready written often touching the Reverend Lord o n Morton Arc s o of anter ur and most J h ( ), hbi h p C b y , earnestly recommends him to his H oli ness for the dign ity

Of the car na ate. And as contrar to the ex ectat on of di l , y p i mse f and of his n om t s romot on has een de hi l ki gd , hi p i b a e re uests t at at the next creat on of car na s w c l y d, q h i di l , hi h he has ear is ou t ess to ta e ace towar s Chr stmas h d d b l k pl d i , his H olin ess will be pleased to promote the Lord Archbishop

of Can terbury to be cardinal . H is H oliness would thus do a thi ng most gratifying to th e n and the rea m see n t at t e ave een so n ki g l , i g h h y h b lo g w t out suc r mar t of ecc es ast ca n t as muc i h h p i y ligh l i i l dig i y , h n to i ncon ve ience the commonwealth .

From our a ace at Westm nster rot da of N ovem er p l i , h y b ,

1 488.

Sign ed : H enricus R ex

r rraA tin 1 1 ines a r e/meu [O igi La , l , p m

. 0 1 8 3 8th an . No 5 5 . 4 9, J Th e Collector Giovanni de Giglis to Pope Innocen t I I V I . L I E OF OH N MORTON 1 44 F J .

Wrote not man y days ago touchi ng the arrival of Persio ' Ma vezz th e Po e s c am er a n w t the esse swor l i , p h b l i , i h bl d d n c f ma n ten ance w c were sen t to the n an a d ap o i hi h ki g, d It l about his honourable reception . certa i n y could not n u have been more honourable. Obtai ed a dience of the king through th e Arc hbishop of Can terbury . A nnounced ’ h the Pope s commissions. T e Archbishop and the Bishop of Exeter who are all owerfu w t him stoo and , p l i h , d by fav ure us es ec a the Arc s o who in ll th o d , p i lly hbi h p, a e affairs of your H oliness exerts himself with singular affec t on. B r ason of muc u c us ness av n t t i y e h p bli b i , h e o as ye had a positive reply.

The n as I sa if h is as ca n be u e h is ki g, id, bi j dg d by words ave us oo o e. The Arc s o of Can ter ur , g g d h p hbi h p b y wi not fa us and we ew se wi use all our ener es and ll il , lik i ll gi solicit assiduously and diligen tly.

Lon on 38th da of anuar 1 8 . d , y J y , 4 9 “ Sr rred : O . de G s co ector in En an k J igli , ll gl d

r i ] . t n l ne r . [O ig n La i , 76 i s, pape )

N O . 1 . 1 8 1 th M . 55 4 9, 9 arch

Perc o Ma vezz Pa a envo in E n an to P i l i , p l y gl d, ope

Innocent VIII. Acquaint you with the good disposition of the K ing and ur H i Ma st h l the Archbishop of Canterb y. s je y as done al t at was as e for na more for he w not a ro r ate to h k d ; y , , ill pp p i imse f a s n e ducat der ve from the u ee re rett n h l i gl i d j bil , g i g th ou ts enterta ned of him est for th e reason ass ne e d b i , l , s ig d in the accom an n etter ou s ou not o tain as muc p yi g l , y h ld b h as he wou w s and as ou ex ected. ld i h , y p

H e w s es ou at his re uest to ma e Canter ur i h y , q , k b y car na who is t orou evote to the A osto c see di l, h ghly d d p li

nd to ou and acts w th nte r t ever one lse. a y , i i g i y by y e

1 6 OF OH N MORTON 4 J .

On the morrow of the receipt in London of this intelli gence the Archbishop of Canterbury came hither on his 1

wa to the K n who is 30 m es off. I went w t the y i g, il i h co ector to v s t the Arc s o who to us w at ou wi ll i i hbi h p, ld h y ll n n m Lor of learn by the joi nt letter. The Ki g a d y d Canter ur are sur r se t at new car na s av n een b y p i d h , di l h i g b ma e m Lor of Canter ur s ou not ave een d , y d b y h ld h b romote the K n most es ecia who has esou t p d ; i g p lly, b gh w u b we l you several times. I am of Opi n ion that it o ld e l for ou to wr o t m t at t ma rsevere in t e r y ite t he , h hey y pe h i w good disposition and devotion to ards you.

Lon on Ma 1 8 . d , 9 y, 4 9 Signed : Perseus Malvitius

r n t an t t e O igi al. I ali , 40 li res, pc/ n ]

No. 56 1 . 1 490, 1 1 th Mar.

The Do e and Senate to P etro Contar n Consu in g i i i, l L n n o do . Un derstand the Florenti nes are urgi ng the K i ng of E ngland to establish a wool staple at Pisa ; and consider in the m ortance of suc a measur and h ow n ur ous it g i p h e, i j i wou rove to the enet an a e s nat on and mer ld p V i g ll y , i , c ants ave et rm ne to do t e r utmost to revent it h , h d e i d h i p , and rst of all wr te to the K n as the accom an n fi i i g, by p yi g

Des re the consu if he erc ve t at the F orent nes i l , p ei h l i ersevere in the ro ect to resen t the etter to the K n p p j , p l i g, and n v n t e dea our to thwart their negotiations. Se d le ters to t s effect for the Lor C ance or 1 and the Lor Ma or hi d h ll d y , w t w om the consu is to ne ot ate and ve a not ce i h h l g i , gi d ily i of the resu t. A es 1 . Noes 1 . Neutra s o . l y , 45 , l ,

1 Morton . A PPEN DIX .

T ere are a so co es of the etters a u e to a ove to h l pi l ll d d b ,

e the K n the Lor C anc or and the Lor Ma or. i g, d h ll , d y

No . 8 3 . 1 0 a xst u . 5 49 , J ly

H nr VII to Po Innocent III. e y . pe V Have often entreated his H oliness to promote to the n t of car na ate the Lo r o n M orton Arc s o dig i y di l d J h ( ), hbi h p

of Can ter ur C ance or an d r mate o f t s n o m. b y, h ll p i hi ki gd Do not suppose there is more need o f further recommen ds t on but as Sir Dav W ams and Sir o n de G s i , id illi J h igli , am assadors to h is H o ness are a out to set o ut for Rome b li , b , are un willi ng they should depart hence wi thout carryi ng etters concern n t at affa r and t erefore ra his Ho ness l i g h i , h p y li no longer delay this much desi red and deserved and well nigh i ndispensable promotion .

Greenw c a rst da of une 1 0. i h , y J , 49

Signed : Henricus R .

On inaa Latin 1 2 liner are/rment [ g , , p ]

. 1 0 th Dec . No. 5 97 49 , s 1 A r an Castcllesi of Corn etto to Po e In nocent III. d i , , p V M entions orders given to him by th e Pope in accordance with which h e writes frequent news to th e secretary . The Ki ng had lately held a meeting of Parliament concerning Br ttan on w c rov nce the Frenc cont nue t e r i y, hi h p i h i d h i At the c ose of th e sess on Castellesi had v s te attack . l i ( ) i i d the C ance or T omas Morton Arc s o of Canter ur h ll , h , hbi h p b y, who desired him to write to the Pope that parliament had determined that the Ki ng was to go in person i nto France next summer rov n him w t th e necessar su es , p idi g i h y ppli , a o nt n his fo owers and ma n exce ent arran ements pp i i g ll , ki g ll g

1 In 1 03 he ecame B s o of H erefor and in 1 0 5 b i h p d , 5 5 B W ishop of Bath and ells. se F OHN M T 1 48 u O J OR ON .

for the prevention of i njury to England or Brittany in the meanw e. As state and wr tten him eretofore hil d i by h , M orton is always m lous for th e honour and dign ity of the Pope and of th e holy see ; nor had be neglected doi ng his utmost to persuade the K i ng to accept some of th e many offers of peace and agreement proposed by France ; but he co mplained that the Bishop of Concordia (Leonello Ch iere ato ate a a n unc o in En an and wh o out g ), l p p l i gl d , of re ar for the Po e was rece ve w t all onour had g d p i d i h h , waste man mont s in wor s and ro osa s and conc u e d y h d p p l , l d d n one of th e terms stipulated with h im from deference for th e A osto c see the art c es e n v o ate t rou th e p li , i l b i g i l d h gh treac er of the Frenc or some fau t f his wn w c h y h , by l o o ; hi h fau t man wou ave attr ute to the Po e and con l y ld h ib d p , sidered him more art a to France had not the Arc s o p i l , hbi h p, of his o servance and oo ness st e man s m ar re orts b g d , ifl d y i il p s T s assuranc s w v and opi n ion . h e e e ere subsequently erifi ed A r an w om Morto n to to re uest th P e to by d i , h ld q e op quench the flames of threatening war before the K ing proceeded further. n on D m r 1 0 Lo ece e . d , 5 b , 49

r i ina] . a tin 2 lines a er . [O g L , 9 , p p ]

No 3 . 1 6 3 th ct. . 7 5 4 9 , 9 O

n VI t o e A ost no Barbari o . H e ry I. o D g g i g The King of England had caused the League to be solemnly proclaimed in the cathedral by the Cardinal

Arc s o of Canter ur his Lor C ance or. T s hbi h p b y, d h ll hi K n H enr has for w fe M a ame E za et dau ter of i g y i d li b h , gh the ate K n E war for be ex e e K n R c ar th e l i g d d . p ll d i g i h d,

t er of the sa K n E ward. He has two sons bro h id i g d , Art ur Prince of Wales w c is an is an and the h , , hi h l d, f o other is Duke o Y rk . Entered 8 December.

OF J OHN MORTON .

No . . 1 1 8th u . 745 497, J ly

Car na o n Morton Arc is o of Canter ur to di l J h . hb h p b y,

Pope Alexander VI. ’ Lat rece ve the Po e s etters of the th une ely i d p l s J , orderi ng him to urge the Ki ng in favour of the admission and publication in England of a certain i ndult granted by the Pop e for the [spiritual] welfare o f the inhabitants of the

n om and somew at as a su s for the a osto c see. ki gd , h b idy p li In this matter of the i ndult Morton interceded as earnest as he cou w t the K n w ose s ncer t and ly ld i h i g, h i i y devotion towards the Pope are not to be exceeded by any r nce soev r and foun him rea ver an x o us to p i e , d lly y i ascertai n by what arrangement he could most advantageously ’ gratify the Pope s wish ; but havi ng been compelled to impose heavy taxes for the war in Scotland and agai nst certa n re e s the Car na is of o n on t at the u ca i b l , di l pi i h p bli tion of the i ndult at the present momen t would not he so profitable for the holy see as if it were carried i nto effect at the commencement of next Lent at w c season not on , hi h ly ’ w the K n s su ects ave reater a undance of mone ill i g bj h g b y, but likewise (as is the wont of mankind)be more prone to c a ts of devotion .

From Lam et 1 8th u 1 b h, J ly, 497 ‘“ S n ig ed : J o. Car Cantuar

Or r rina] enclosed in tile or o n n [ g , f eg i g from tlze K i g on a er Latin nes p p , , 33 li ]

. 1 1 h . No. 75 4 497, 1 t Oct

Th e Am assa r An re Tr v n b do d a e isa .

The K n was in th e countr etc. The am s i g y, bas ador havin resente the uca etter ma e a Lat n s eec on g p d d l l , d i p h , the conc us on of w c the K n rew as e and av n l i hi h i g d id , , h i g d scusse the re caus him to answer i d ply , ed be ed by the AP I PEN D X. 1 5 1

Chancellor-Cardi nal (Morton)to the effect that he was glad i to see h m, etc .

Bes e the K n and the Pr nce th e e est son id i g i , ld , by name Art ur twe ve ears old were the Du e of Buc s h , l y , k k Ducha de Suich and other lords and prelates were ’ present ; and throughout the ambassador s speech the Ki ng remained standi ng. In the reply the Cardinal evi nced reat ove towar s the S nor and on its conc us on the g l d ig y , l i ambassador was taken i nto a hall where dinner had been re are and t ere he ne w t four or s and after p p d, h di d i h l d ; dinner the K i ng gave him private audience which lasted two ours. Th e K n is rac ous rav and a ver wort h i g g i , g e, y hy

rs n . H na v s th u n pe o e fi lly i ited e Q ee .

H e t en a so v s te the Car na Lor C ance or h l i i d di l d h ll , resent n the etter of cre ence and after the exchan e of p i g l d , , g su ta c m ments e arte for Lo n on . i ble o pli , d p d d

Lon on Se t . 1 . R ece ve ct. d , 9 p , 497 i d 5 O

’ ARCH I ES OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE OXFOR D. V , — 6th Dec . 1 8 . Nom nat on o n M orton Arch , 4 7 i i by J h [ ], b s o of Canter ur of T omas Mark s M .A . T omas i h p b y , h y , , h

. W l r as rs on a ev ut on . Stace B . A and oh n a e sc o a o y, , J k , h l , d l i Lambeth . — 1 th Dec . 1 Nom nat on M orton of T omas 5 , 493. i i by h

. W t n L B . as ursars on a Mar M A . and a ter S o e L k, , l , , b

v t n Lam th . de olu io . be — 1 st Dec . H en r VII. to T omas H o s war en y h bby , d , re uests a oan for an nvas on of Scot an to reven e th e q l i i l d, g great cruelty and dish onour that the King of Scots has W n n an . r do e to E gl d estminste . F H R N 1 53 LIFE O JO N MO TO .

Memoran um at the foot t at the war en cannot en d , h d l d

. w ou rr w n i 405 ith t bo o i g t.

- 3 1 st Ma 1 00. In unct on Morton concern n y, 5 j i by i g vine service x n the ersons who are to ce e rate it at di , fi i g p l b f h r o s ts. Lam et t e va i u eas b h .

V n t Ar o c e r H enry I. sold ma y esta es to chbish p Chi h le o his exec utors and rante t em un er the Great Sea to , g d h d l i f r the college. Among the Foxeote deeds s a receipt o

1 000 a C che e to H enr VI. w ic is er a s £ p id by hi l y , h h p h p the urc ase mone for the a en r or es w ch he re p h y li p i i , hi p sented to the college.

. T . H ISTOR ICAL MSS R EPORT V . CAN ER BURY

LAM BETH .

Paid for wine given to the surveyor of the Lord W Car na in th e ouse of am Dol ll 6d. Pa for di l, h illi y , id

m v n . ga e gi e to th e Lord Cardinal 3s 6d. Paid th e expenses of William Dolyll riding to Maydiston e to th e Lord

Card na a out the hav ne 6s. rod. Pa for th e sern e i l, b y , id

orse oa of fish t at was iven to the Lor Car na s. (h l d) h g d di l, 9 Pa o n Pla dene for a ca on ven to the Lor Car nal id J h y p gi d di ,

8d.

- - 3 H nr VII. 1 8 8 . 3 e y , 4 7

onstant reference to th e urc ase of ca ons fts of C p h p , gi mone the K n to the m nstre s of the ar na s ows y by i g i l C di l, h that the Cardinal was not a total abstainer.

R EGISTER OF H N MORTON AR CH BISH OP OF JO ,

ANTER B R 1 86 AND 1 0 1 . LAM BETH C U Y, 4 5

PALACE .

It conta ns 3 6 fo os un er the fo ow n ea s i 5 li , d ll i g h d ’ Po e s Bu s C tat ons Comm ss ons Mon t ons In p ll , i i , i i , i i ,

1 OF OH N MO RTON 54 J . — F. 3 . B u of the same Po e a resse to all the ll p , dd d ’ n r t r Suffraga s of the Ch u ch of Can e bury . H e announces the translation of John Bishop of Ely to the Church of mm n h Canter ur and co a s t em to be o e ent t him. b y , d b di o

Same date. — Ih . Bu of the same Po e a resse to the assa s of ll p , dd d V l th e C urc of Canter ur . H e announces th e trans at on h h b y l i , as a ove and comman s t em to ren er to the new Arc b , d h d h

s o the serv ces and r ts du from t m am t . bi h p i igh e he . S e da e — F. ah . Bu of th e same Po e a resse to th e er ll p , dd d Cl gy of the t and D oce f ant r n u Ci y i se o C e bury. H e an o nces the trans at on as a ove and comman s t em to rec e ve Arc l i , b , d h i h sh o o n as th fa r a bi p J h e the and p stor of their souls. Same date.

- Ih . Bu of the same Po e a resse to the Peo e of ll p , dd d pl h n t e City a d Diocese of Canterbury . H e announces the trans at on as a ove and ex orts t em to rec e v Arc l i , b , h h i e h s o n as the fat er and astor of t e r so bi hop J h h p h i uls. Same a d te. In the last three Bulls the Pope promises to ratify any sentence whic h the Archbishop shall duly pronounce agai nst rebellious persons.

F . M emoran um t at on th e n nth da of th e . 3 d , h i y m nt of Decem er 1 86 t ere was rou t to the o h b , 4 , h b gh most R everend Father the elec t and con firmed of Canter ur t en s tt n efore the a tar of the C a e w t n b y , h i i g b high l h p l i hi hi M anor ca e th e E l Inne s tuate in the su ur of s ll d y , i b b 1 London the Banner or Cross accustome to be orne , d b by h enera e Fat er the Lor W am Sell n rofessor in t e V bl h d illi y g, p t eo Pr or of th e C urc of Can ter ur afore sacred h logy, i h h b y sa who in the resence of Masters Ro ert Morton C er id, , p b , l k

1 Vexillum. A PPE NDIX. 1 55

th Ro s of our Lor the K n Dav W am and of e ll d i g, id illi T mas oo e Doctors of Decrees and Laws and E mun ho C k , , d d Mountfor K n t and Master o n H erv Canon of th e d, igh , J h y, urc of H erefor and of ot ers in a un ant mu t tu e a Ch h d , h b d l i d , so emn co at on av n een rst ma e the sa Pr or l ll i h i g b fi d by id i , w t all um t and reverence ave u and e vere th e i h h ili y , g p d li d [ same] which same Ban ner or Cross the same most Reverend Father humbly took in his hands an d kissed and " - he ave it to his Cross earer to be orne etc. g b b , — F. 36 . Notar a Instrumen t attest n t at in Am. i l , i g h 1 8 in the 6th ear of Po e Innocen t th e E t and on 4 9, y p igh h , the 1 8th da of anuar the most Reveren Fat er in y J y, d h C r st o n Arc s o of Can ter ur Pr mate of all h i , J h , hbi h p b y, i E n an and Le ate of the A osto c See e n resent in gl d g p li , b i g p a certain high and i n ner chamber withi n h is M anor of Lameh ith Lam et in the ocese of W nc ester av n ( b h), di i h , h i g, as be asserte certa n affa rs to be romote at the A osto c d, i i p d p li See and efore our most o Lor the Po e a o nte the b h ly d p , pp i d enera e an d c rc ums ect men th e Lor s o n K en a V bl i p , d J h d ll, Prior of th e H ouse or Priory of Saint John of Jerusalem in En an o n de Gerona o n de Vencc iis o n Cloose gl d, J h , J h , J h , Dean of th e C at e ra C urc of C c ester H u h d l h h hi h , gh 1 S ald n o n de Gerona N c o as de Parma Bart o o p y g, J h , i h l , h l mew dc Perusia ames de P sc o and o n de Ne otis , J i i , J h p , res dents in th e R oman Co urt an d W am Wareha m i , illi , Doctor of Laws o n t and severa as h i awfu oc , j i ly lly, s l l pr ura tors and factors v n t em enera ower and s , gi i g h g l p pecial man ate to a ear and act for him an d pp , d in the name of himself and of his Church of Ca nterbury in all causes and matters concern n him and th e sa C urc to b m i g id h h , e oved before th e Pope and th e Auditors of Causes of the Sacred A osto c Pa ace and Ot er u es and to f n h m n p li l h J dg , de e d i a d his C urc in all t n s ro uce w tn h h hi g , p d i esses, prosecute

1 R epeated . 1 6 LIFE OF OHN M RTON 5 J O .

a ea s etc. Done in the resence of the enera e men pp l , p V bl , Masters T omas Coo e Doctor of Laws Au tor of th e h k , , di ' Arc s o s Au ence of Causes and Affa rs o n Cam hbi h p di i , J h erton rofessor of Sacre T eo o and o n Baret b , p d h l gy, J h , Notar ub c f the oceses of Norw c or and y p li o di i h , Y k , w Lo ndon . This public Instrument was then dra n up by R c ar S encer c er of the ocese of L nco n N otar i h d p , l k, di i l , y

u c and Re strar of th e Court of Can ter ur . p bli , gi b y — F. 3 1 6. Bu of Po e A exan er VI. a resse to the ll p l d , dd d ’ A ots of St. Au ust ne s C anter ur and Bermon se an d bb g i , b y, d y , '

r r f P t r s El . Has een nforme to th e P io o St. e e y b i d by

o n Car na Pr est of the t t e of St. Anastas a Arc J h , di l i i l i , [ h s o of Canter ur t at R c ar B s o of Lon on his bi h p b y, ] h i h d i h p d , suffra an and certa n offic a s and fam ars of th e same g , i i l ili B s o retext of c tator and n tor etters ssue at i h p, by p i y i hibi y l i d the i nstance of the said Bishop in a ca use agai nst th e same Car na on certa n fa se attestat ons ave O ro r ous di l , i l i , h pp b i ly defamed him that he was excommunicate and was declared to be suc efore oo and rave ersons and reason h, b g d g p ; by of the premises they have raised grievous scandals agai nst him in th e City of London and they have falsely deposed and u s e ot er t n s o ro r ous to him to h is n p bli h d h hi g pp b i , o sma l r u ce an r evance Th ar na has t r f r l p ej di d g i . e C di l he e o e prayed th e Pope to commit th e matter to some prudent men in those parts ; an d the Pope commands the persons a resse to ca before t em the sa B s o and ot ers dd d ll h id i h p h , c er cs and a men and to ecree w at s a be ust. Date l i l y , d h h ll j d ’ at Sa nt Peter s R ome 1 in h th r of h i , 495 , t e 4 yea is n i n mont r Po t ficate [ o h o day] . — Ih . Notar a Instrument attest n t at in 1 on a rst i l , i g h 495 , Fe ruar - efore the Reveren Fat er the Lor Peter e b y, b d h d d

e D. a a n f x V Accoltis L L. C o Po A e an er I. an , , h pl i p l d , d u tor of Causes of the Sacre A osto c Pa ace — M aster A di d p li l , P t de Luca rocurator in the Roman Court for the Lor e er , p d

L I E OF OH ORTON ISS F J N M .

Arc e sco a Court of Can ter ur ca e of the Arc es hi pi p l b y, ll d h ” of Lon on on t e r a m ss on to suc offi ces are oun d , h i d i i h , b d to show due obedience and reverence to th e Archbishop of anter ur and to ma n ta n conserve and efen the C b y, i i , , d d ur s ct ons ert es customs an d ot er r ts of the j i di i , lib i , , h igh Arc s o and C urc of Canter ur accor n to the hbi h p h h b y, di g statutes and ancient custom of th e said Court ; nevertheless o E war Va han R c ar Dra er [our] bel ved sons d d g , i h d p , ar Bl well a voca tes and R c ar S encer Rich d ody , d , i h d p , roctor and some ot er o ffic a s of the sa Court who p , h i l id , had ta en suc oat utt n as e the fear of God ave k h h, p i g id , h not een as ame scan a ous to er etrate do and b h d d l ly p p , . attem t certa n t n s not awfu to t em to the v o at on p i hi g l l h , i l i and contem t of suc ur s ct ons ert es customs etc. p h j i di i , lib i , , , 1 and to the no sma scan a o ro r um and re u ce of ll d l, pp b i , p j di the said Cardi nal and Ch urch ; wherefore the Cardi nal prayed the Pope to commit to certain prudent men in those arts all the causes w c h e the Car na nten s to move p hi h , di l , i d a a nst the sa e ns and ot er c er s and a men g i id p rso h l k l y , by ' the o e Th P e t erefore comman s m t b determined . e op h d the erson a s t ca the art es efore t em and p s ddre sed o ll p i b h , ’ to ecr w u . t at St. Peter s R ome v . d ee hat is j st Da ed , , iii

Kal. Novembris in the fourt ear of the ontificatc. , h y p

- F. 3 1 om uls rial Letters Peter de Accoltis 7. C p o by , ’ LL . D. the Po e s c a a n and Au tor of Causes of the , p h pl i , di Sacre A osto c Pa ace touc n the rece t a ro at on d p li l , hi g ip , pp b i , and registration of the testaments of all persons dyi ng w t in the t of Lon on and the a m n strat on of the i h Ci y d , d i i i estates of ntestate rsons c a me the B s o of i pe , l i d by i h p Lon on who com a ne t at he and h is offic a s h ad een d , pl i d h i l b molested therein by John Cardinal Archbishop of Canter bur who had issued in i tions and ecc es ast ca censures y , h bi l i i l

1 Vilipendium. A PPENDIX.

’ a a nst the B s o s m n s T s g i i h p i i ters. he Bi hop appealed to Rome as he cou not o e for ust ce e sew ere on , ld h p j i l h , accoun t of th e great power and favour enjoyed by th e Car nal as Pr mate and anc or T s e ters ar di i Ch ell . he e l t e ' granted on the contumacy of the Bishop s proc urator in ’ not a ear n at the re uest of th e Car na s roc tor . pp i g, q di l p Dated in the sa alace 1 We nes a a rd id p , 495 , d d y, 3

Decem er in the fourth ear of Po e A exan r VI. Th b , y p l de e nstrum nt is a i e ttested by a notary public .

- e F. 3 1 8h . Bu f P n V ll o op Alexa der I. confirming the right of the Archbishops of Canterbury to have jurisdic tion in testamentar matters in the rov nce of anter ur y p i C b y, especially when the goods of deceased persons are in more than o ne diocese consideri ng h ow noble 1 is the Church of

Canter ur over w c o n Car na of St. Anastas a b y, hi h J h , di l i , ’ res es. Date at St. Peter s Rome 1 kal. p id d , , 495 , Marc in the t r ear f th e on fi cat ii , hi d y o p ti e.

- . f Ih B ull o Pope Alexan der VI. In a petition ex te on e a f of o n Car na of St. Anastas a hibi d b h l J h . di l i , Arc s o of Canter ur it is conta ne t at from t me [ hbi h p] b y, i d h i immemorial the Archbishops of Canterbury have exercised all manner of ordi nary and ecclesiastical j urisdiction in all cathedral churches within thei r province of Canterbury in the t me of t e r vacanc and ave rece ve the t t es and i h i y , h i d i h spi ritual profits duri ng such vacancies arising from such ch urches as the Bishops of those churches do in their life time ; but because there is no evidence of this except such on cont nue ossess on the Car na fears east he and l g i d p i , di l l his successors may be molested therein in time coming ; wherefore the Cardinal prayed the Pope to gi ve Apostolic confirm t n h sa custom. The Po e t erefore con a io to t e id p , h , siderin w n is he urc of Canter ur reason g ho oble t Ch h b y, by

1 Insignis. 160 LIFE OF JOH N MORTON . whereof its Archbishop from its first foundation has been ll En an and the s os t on of the Primate of a gl d , by di p i i mm n law is Le ate orn and t at as the sa co o g b h , id na asserts the sa custom has een o servance s nce Cardi l , id b b i ’ r s n rnat on a roves and confirms th e sa the Lo d i ca i , pp id tom w t A osto c aut or t su n all efects cus i h p li h i y, pplyi g d w c ma ave ntervened and comman n it to be hi h y h i , di g inviolably observed henceforth for ever ; notwithstandi ng the A osto c const tut ons and t ose of Otto and p li i i , h

Ottobonus former A osto c Le ates in En an etc. , ly p li g gl d. '

Date a t . Peter s Rome 1 iv. non. Octobris d t S , , 494, , in the third year of the pontificate.

- F. 3 1 . A s m ar Bu om tt n the reference to the 9 i il ll , i i g ’ “ Car na s et t on and a n after t t es and s r tua di l p i i , ddi g, i h pi i l " “ ro ts the ri t f conferr n benefic Date p fi , gh o i g es d at St. ’ Peter s Rome 1 Kal. Marc in the r f , , 495 , ii, thi d year o the pontificate. — Ib. Bu of Po e A exander VI. a ressed to o n ll p l , dd J h , ” Car na of St. Anastas a ca e of Canter ur v n di l i . ll d b y, gi i g him ower to s ose free w of all his oo s even f p di p ly by ill g d , o those which may arise from the profits of churc hes com mitted to him e uct n w at is due f r h r r f , d d i g h o t e epai o houses or u n s estro e or ama e him or his rocurato b ildi g d y d d g d by p rs. ’ Date at St. Peter s Rome 1 on . ctobris i d , . 494, N O , n h t e third year of the pontificate.

- F. 3 1 b. Bu of P A xan 9 ll ope le der VI. addressed to the same Car na who had ex te a t n n di l , hibi d pe itio allegi g that on his e n a o nte to the Arc s o r c of Canter ur b i g pp i d hbi h p i b y , on ta n the oat as usua he rom t v ki g h l , p ised o isit the 1 Apostolic abode at certain times then specified ; and praying the Pope to deal graciously with him on that

1 Limina .

u se OF HN ORTON JO M .

- F. 3 30 Bu a resse to the Arc s o of Canter ur . ll dd d hbi h p b y

an the B s o of Dur am touc n the canon sat on of St. d i h p h , hi g i i

Anse m and ate iv. Non . Octobris 1 . It oes not l , d d 4 94 [ d spec ially refer to th e Cardinal ] — 3 1 . Bu P x n r VI. n erstan n F. 3 b ll of ope Ale a de U d di g t at from t me mmemor a the Arc s o s of Can ter ur h i i i l hbi h p b y, by a certai n prerogative of Christchurch Canterbury have exercised all manner of ordi nary and ecclesiastical jurisdic tion in all and singular cathedral churches within thei r v n f an t r ur in th e t me of t e r vacanc and pro i ce o C e b y i h i y, have recei ved the tithes and spi ritual pro fits duri ng such vacancies arising from such churches and others un ited to 1 the E sco a ta es wit ower to confer benefices av n pi p l bl , h p h i g th e cure of sou s exce t n t es and canon r es as th e l , p dig i i i , B s o s of t ose c urc es do in t e r fet me the Po e i h p h h h h i li i ; p , in or er t at o n Car na r est of the t t e of Sa nt d h J h , di l p i i l i Anastas a who ru es the c urc of Canter ur A osto cal i , l h h b y by p li ran t and s ensat on and h is successors Arc s o s of g di p i , hbi h p Can ter ur ma not be mo este in res ect of th e rem ses b y, y l d p p i , 1 and co nsideri ng how noble is the said Church of Canter ur reason w ereof its A fr m its first founda b y , by h rchbishop o t on has een Pr mate of all En an and the s os t on i b i gl d, by di p i i ” of the Common Law is Le ate orn and t at the Arc g b , h h bishops undergo no small ca re and labours in the said c urc es ur n t e r vacanc es - of his own mot on and h h d i g h i i , i , not at the nstance of the sa ard na or an ot er i id C i l y h , a pproves and con firms the said custom with Apostolic aut or t and anew rants n t w h sam n h i y, g a d bes o s t e e ; ot wit sta n n the A osto c constitut ons and t ose of h di g p li i , h

Otto and Ottobonus former Le ates in En an . Date , ly g gl d d ’ at St. Peter s R m 1 , o e, 494 , iv. Non . Octobris, in th e third ear of his P y ontificate.

1 1 M n i . e s s Insignis. a pps x. 1 63 — F. 3 33 . Bu executoria of the same Po e a resse to ll l p , dd d ' ’ the Ab ots of St. Au ust ne s Canter ur St. Peter s b g i , b y , , ’ Westm nster and St. A an s rec t n the fore o n B u i , lb , i i g g i g ll , and commanding them to assist the Cardi nal Archbishop in the rem ses and to com e contra ctors ec c es ast ca p i , p l di by l i i l censures n vo n the secu ar arm if nee fu n otwithstand , i ki g l d l, in h const tut ns f Po B n f c th tc . g [t e i io ] o pe o i a e e Eighth , e

Same date. — Ff. 33 3b 3 3 . Ot er Bu s of Po e A exan er VI. of , 3 h ll p l d , me ate as a ove concern n the or nar uris ct on the sa d b , i g di y j di i f the Arc sh o of Canter ur or ur n the vacanc of o hbi p b y, , d i g y the Sec of the Pr or and C a ter of Can ter ur referr n , i h p b y , i g ffi to Cardi nal John [Morton] o c ially. — 3 3 . Bu con firm n a an Ff. 4 lls i g nd ew granti ng the rero at ve for the a ro at on of testaments referrin to p g i pp b i , g

o m . th e Archbishop fficially. Sa e date — F. 3 a h . Bu of Po e A exan er VI. re at n to a 4 ll p l d , l i g

s ute etween o n Car na of St. Anastas a Arc di p b J h , di l i , h of anter ur and the Pr or and Cha ter of bishop C b y , i p W nc ester touc n the custo of the s r tua t and the i h , hi g dy pi i li y receipt of the tithes of certain parish churches in the diocese of W nc ester annexe to th e e sco a ta e urin th e i h , d pi p l bl , d g ' v nc of t at See. Date at St . Peter s R ome rid. Id. aca y h d , , p

ulii 1 in the th ear of t e ontifica te. J , 4 99, 7 y . h p — F. 3 3 . In strument o n Car na of St. M ar in 5 by J h , di l y Transtiberim of Ca ua u e and Comm ssar e ute , p , J dg i y d p d

the Po e touc n the same s ute. Date at ome by p , hi g di p d R ,

1 u . 4 99, 4 J ly

- - . n roce n i Ff. 3 3 7 35 o Le gthy p edi gs n a dispute between th e same parties touching the custody of th e spirituality o f th e urc of W nc ester 1 . Ch h i h , 494 1 6 L FE F H N MO T N 4 I O JO R O .

LIST OF PR EFER M ENTS.

1 . Sc oo Princ a of Peckwater Ha a ouse for 453 h l ip l ll, h stu ents of c v law foun e 1 360 afterwar s d i il , d d , d f part o Christ Church . - f 1 4 5 0. Sub deanery o Lincol n resigned 1 458.

1 . W 8 Pre en ar of For n ton w t r t n ton oc. 45 b d y di g i h i hli g , di

Saru m resigned 1 4 76 .

1 8 . Pre en ar of C orr n am oc . L nco n resi ned 45 b d y i gh , di i l ; g

- his sub deanery .

i . 1 465 . Prebendary of L cbfield ’ 1 3 R tor f . Dunstan s in the East Lon on . H e 4 7 . ec o S , d r w held this Recto y t o years. ’ Prebendary of Isledon in S. Paul s Cathedral .

1 . x n f w 4 73 E cha ged or Chis ick .

1 . H e was ma e Master of the Ro s and the custo 473 d ll , dy of the Great Seal was commi tted to him for a

time.

A f t r. 1 4 74 . rchdeacon o Ches e

1 W n s . 4 74 . Archdeacon of i che ter Succeeded by Robert Morton his ne ew afterwar s B s o f , ph , d i h p o

Worcester. Ambassador to the Emperor of Germany and K ing of H ungary to concert a league with them a a nst Lou s K n f Fran g i i , i g o ce.

1 . Arc eacon of H un t n on nsta e rox . 475 hd i gd , i ll d by p y W 1 . Pre en ar of S. Decuman oc. e s. 475 b d y , di ll Atten e H enr w t his arm in France and w t d d y i h y , i h Sir Thomas Howard and two others appointed a Commissioner and concluded peace with

Louis.

6. Pre en ar of Sout New a oc . or res ne 1 4 7 b d y h b ld, di Y k ; ig d

the same year.

rc ea on of Ber s re. 1 4 76 . A hd c k hi

icester. 1 4 77. Archdeacon of Le

X I N DE .

A ncourt Batt e of . G oucester Co e e or Ha 1 1 gi , l , 9 l ll g ll , . '

All Sou s Oxford 1 1 . G oucester Du e of 8 . l , , 5 l , k , 57, 5

Arch es Court of 1 8 . H ar e Ch arters 1 3 1 36. , , 33, 5 l y , 5 ,

Bacon Lord . H arle Ro s 1 3 . , , 99 y ll , 5

B asle Counc of 1 . H arle MSS. 1 3 1 36. , il , 9, 7 y , 5 ,

lliol olle e 1 3 . H e B a C g , , 34 n ry IV. , 1 5 .

Bened ct ne Order 1 1 . H en i i , ry V. , 9.

Ben evo ences 8 1 . H en r VI. l , 45 , 4 , 39 y , 33.

B oxworth 3 0 1 . H en r VII. 8 8 1 . l , 9, 3 , 3 y , 7 , 9, 49

B osworth B attle of 6. a , , 7 L ambeth Pa l ce, 5 .

B ourch ier Cardina 3 0 L ancastr a n s 0 8 . , l, 9, 3 , 49, i , 3 , 4

6 1 . L st of Preferments of o n 7 0 770 39 i J h

W am 1 . B randon Morton 1 6 . , illi , 3 , 4

B ra R ch a rd . Lo ards y, i , 74 ll , 9. Buc n h a m Du e of 8 63 Mar aret ueen 3 ki g , k , 5 , , g , Q , 3 , 47, 73,

73 , 75 , 1 38 , 1 5 1 . 1 33.

B ur u n d Du e of 3. M bou rne 1 . g y , k , 3 il , 34 , 5

Cambr d e 1 06. More Sir Th omas vi. 36 86 i g , , , , , , 1 1 1 Canterbury , 1 1 1 , 3, 59. 97

Can rb r Archbisho of 6 Morton R chard 1 1 3 . te u y , p , 7 , , i , , 4

1 3 1 03 1 0 1 6 . M orton Sir Row a nd 1 . 9 , 9 , , 3 , 5 , l ,

bbe 1 0 . Mo ton Sir Th oma Cerne A y , 3 , 4 , 9, , 1 4 r , s, 3 . Charter Rolls Sevenoak s Ken t o on oh n 1 1 1 3 38 1 , , , M rt , J , , , 5, , 3 , 8 1 33. 43. 4 .

C ose Ro s 1 33. Mo rton B s o 6 6 1 . l ll , , i h p, 5 , 3, 7 , 73

Constance Counc of 1 . Morton Card na 3 1 1 1 1 , il , 9, 7 , i l , 9 , 3, 7, 1 1 1 6 1 1 Edwa rd III. , 40, 1 1 8 . 43. 44 » 4 . 47. 57 Morton Ch ancellor 8 Edward IV. , 33 1 38 1 43 1 431 44 1 , , 79, 4 ,

Im . 471 71 1 74'

El B sh o of 6 86 Morton Robert 0 1 3 . y , i p , 53, 5 , 77, , , , 49, 5 , 4 ’ M orton s L es me 63 1 03 1 0 . 1 31 , 1 38. , , , 7 1 68 or OH N MOR ON J T .

Mote Maidstone 1 . R ch ard III. 1 . , , 34 i , 59, 7

Oxford 1 3 1 1 6 63 1 0 . Richmond Ear of 1 . , , 4 , , , 5 , l , 7

Oxford Un vers t of 6 1 1 0 . Ro s Master of 3 8. , i i y , , 4 ll , , 4 , 4

Paston Letters 6 68 . Star C amber 8 1 , 7, h , , 99.

St. S e h e Westminste 1 Patent Ro s 1 3 1 . t n r 3 ll , p , , 3 , ’ Peter s Pence, 1 43. 1 35

Pi rims 1 1 3. Towton 0. lg , , 3

Pisa Counc of . Warw c Ear of 3 . , il , 9 i k, l , 3 , 33 W o Reform ation vi. 6 . f o n Morton 1 0 . , , 9 ill J h , 4

Re ister of ohn Morton at W tena emot . g J i g , 35

Lambet Palace 1 3. h , 5

- EDIG R E E O F M O RTO N O F M IL B O R N E S . A N Dll

- - ’ C irc us AND Eam us ON Th e Putsr 41 110 Petra 1 11 , 41 Gear s H 114 0 B as s

— ’ CREST A Gear s Hu t) ARos NT, ATTts s o 011.

Wi i m d Morton Count of N ottin h am. ll a e , y g

1 Peter de Morton.

Nicholas Morton of

h om i dw II T as Morton of Morton, Secretary to K ng E ard I.

Morton of Morton Kn t of Beautre Sh eriff of Nott n am and Der , igh , i gh

1 6 L eutenant of No n ham Castle 1 . 3 4 ; i tti g , 374

Charles Horton of Morton.

Morton of Milbor

Elisa bet dau. of R c ard Turberv le of Bere Re s b h, i h il gi , y s ster and h e r of Sir oh n Beauch am of Hatch i i J p , relict of Roger Seymour.

)n Rich ard Morton o f Milborn e a Ed t da u . o f Geo. Turber v e , i h , ill ,

8 . Andrew heriff of Dorse of Bere Re s wh o ma r. 3 ndl , S t gi , y ,

and merse in 1 8 ohn Co er Es . of Ma onder. So t 4 3. J k , q p

A ce dau. li ,

of Wm.

Bu lock . Andrew l , 8

Co. and

Leicester. Sturmin ster,

Marsh a ll,

oh. 1 8,

Henr III. y V , 1 2 1 , bur. at

ilborne. Andrew.

W l am Morton of Cerne M. P for il i , . b r Sh aites u y , 1 437. _ _ l a llia m Th o ma s Si r Rowland rst E z a dau. of Wa ter oh n , li , l W ’ on . Ic mbrid c z ndl LJo rton . M orto n, M ort g ; y , rton o f

S b a dau. of of Cern Archdeacon y ill , e.

f E Mon n ton Co. H ereford. o ly . i g ,

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