P R E F A E C . T H ERE a re some cha racters in E nglish politica l life whose place as m akers of history is well e n e bu t f o ot e cau ses oste t has d fi d , r m h r p ri y well n igh fo rgotten th e impo rta n t pa rt they a e a n d t e e o es ave cease to pl y d , h ir m m ri h d oc u h u n In th f of o n c py t e p blic mi d . e li e J h o ton sc o a ecc es ast c a nd sta tes an we M r , h l r, l i i , m , ave suc a v ct c cu stan es sto ans h h i im to ir m c . H i ri ’ ” ave e as se ance o o ton s Fork h mph i d Ch ll r M r , a nd lost sight o f the ma n who pu t an end to c v war an d u n te for eve th e va fact ons i il , i d r ri l i h of t e White a nd Red Roses. Although he was th e most rema rkable E nglishma n of th e la tter half o f the fifteen th cen tur an d se ve his co un t ost fa t fu y, r d ry m i h lly a nd ably ; y et the Reforma tion of the si xteen th cen tu t its est uct on of anc en t usa es ry, wi h d r i i g , e ous ouses a nd ecc es ast ca o nu en ts r ligi h , l i i l m m , ec se the n f its ea test men lip d memory of o e o gr . It is too often forgotten that the fifteen th vi L IFE or J OH N MORTON . ce n tu r n vente n t n and t the mu t y i d pri i g, , wi h l i ca t o n o f oo s so e th e see of the pli i b k , w d d efo a t on f the s xte n t c ntu It is R rm i o i e h e ry. so lem n ly asserted that for several generations o ur const tu t on was in a e ance law was i i b y , d s e a e ea n n and e on e e a t t e i r g rd d, l r i g r ligi w r h ir o est e ene ac a uses of all n s a o un e l w d g r y, b ki d b d d , a nd tha t even the freer spirit and reformi ng t e n dencies ex hibited by the Chu rch were owi ng to the di visions and consequent weakness which bot n s an s s en even h Ki g d Pope di pla yed . Wh th e oo is ex a ne the ev t e e is eason g d pl i d by il , h r r t su s o pect prej udice and perve rsion . The su bj ect of this m emoir is the pri ncipal V lctm‘l of this ha rd a nd un merited sentence of ’ o b v on . H e ma e th e u o nast a nd li i d T d r Dy y, h is n a e is u e u n his own ea n m b ri d der cr tio . Sir Tho mas M o re is sa id to be the first writer ” o f o e n n s but it was a na o ton m d r E gli h , C rdi l M r w h o ot su e n ten e h is e ucat on se n t b h p ri d d d i , him t o co e e and afte a s e o e in h is ll g , rw rd mpl y d him se v ce and ose e a a e na at ves and r i , wh r m rk bl rr i c on versations are supposed to be th e Arch ’ b s o s wn s i h p o word . efo e t en it is sou t to e ace th e B r , h , gh r pl Ca rdi nal on the pedestal of his own self- made os t on let it be conce e t at o n o ton p i i , d d h j h M r PREFACE. vfi was f o ea ea s a st n u s e man a r m rly y r di i g i h d , o u a ma n a nd a ma n e ov e a t O xfo . p p l r , b l d rd H e was th e chief civ il a nd ecclesias tical la wye r f h is w f o t es. H e as a n act v e ma n o us n ess im i b i , a n d a e n e t at H e was th t ust f n bl go i or. e r ed rie d a u n V s c a f his n d co ncillo r of H e ry I. (e pe i lly o u n V n n VII ee of a I . a d of e Q ), Edw rd , H ry ’ a n d if a es ea e s a is co ect h e was Sh k p r pl y rr , u nc f V d un h a co o o a . an te t e v ill r Edw rd , i d ri l as fact ions of York and Lanc ter. S u ch a life deserves the most ca reful trea t In ment a t th e ha nds of th e biographer. a ttempti ng to do him j u stice my i ndebted ness to th e followi ng is gratefu lly a ckn owledged The au thorities o f the British M useu m Readi ng Room a n d the Archbishop of Ca n terbury for references to the L ambeth L ibra ry ; his li nea l - l s u escen a n t . an se Ple del e P d d , J C M l y , E q ir , L for u se of H en r VI! P r in ce A r t/cu r a n d y , Ca r din a l fil or ton th e R ev . oz e , by T M l y , ’ an d o n Bu dden s B io r a /zzkal Skate/z M . A . , j h g p ’ - Ca r din a l M or ton t . a nse Ple dell s of , wi h Mr M l y ’ ' eface . tc en s ecent wo Ooedzen tia r pr ; Dr Ki h r rk, y ’ l t/mn W n c/tester L a n ca ter R l s . wi s i s o of S S , ’ a n d Yor k . Ra sa utc ns , by Sir j H m y ; H hi ' Dor set Studen t s H islo o E n la nd . i f g , by M . a ne E l Recor d TIze Ch r on icle S R. G rdi r ; y s ; viii LIFE OF OH N MORTON J . ' o . H a r d in anc s acon H istor o f j y g ; Fr i B , y f ' V ] E n la n d a r n H en ry I . of g F bya n s C o y cle ; . s The A r chitectur a l H istor . R Willi , y ; R C ’ J enki ns Ca nter hu ry M emoir s of Sir Thomas ’ M or e Dea n H ook s L ives of the A r ehhish ops ’ Ca rdinal Bonaven tura s hf ir r on r of the B lessed L ife of j esus Ch r ist; L ife a n dR eig nof E dwa r d ' a nd R icha r d . a e . oo s V. by Ed H ll ; A W d A ntient a nd P r esen t State of the Colleges a nd ' H a lls of the Un iver sity of Oxf br d ; J eaffreson s ’ A n na ls of Oxf or d ; J ohn Ayliffe s The A n tient a n d P r esent State of the Un iver sity of Oxf or d ’ Brodrick s H istory of the Un zver sity of Oxf or d ’ E chs o h u r ch H is r u po f C to y C . Pl mmer s E liza betha n Ox or d ood Su rve the f W , y of A n ti u ities Ox or d a o Al a n user t q of f M d w, io Al ater ia ls .