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CS181: Programming Languages Vladimir Vacic, Christos Koufogiannakis University of California, Riverside Lab Assignment 1 1. Given the following graph of possible flights between seven US cities: (graph taken from the web site of the American Mathematical Society, http://www.ams.org) a) Write a Prolog program that would check if there is a route from Fresno to Dallas, from Seattle to Boston, and from Atlanta to Fresno. b) Write a C program that does the same thing. Note: you have to write complete, working programs, run them and show the results. As far as C goes, the choice of data structure to store the relations between cities is yours. Warning: if there are cycles in the graph, Prolog might never find a solution and may never say that there are no solutions. If this happens in your assignment, make a note of that. 2. Given the partial family tree of the gods of the ancient Greeks encoded as a Prolog database: parent(chaos, gaea). parent(gaea, cyclope). parent(gaea, chronos). parent(gaea, coeus). parent(gaea, oceanus). parent(uranus, cyclope). parent(uranus, chronos). parent(uranus, coeus). parent(uranus, oceanus). parent(chronos, hades). parent(chronos, poseidon). parent(chronos, zeus). parent(rhea, hades). parent(rhea, poseidon). parent(rhea, zeus). parent(coeus, leto). parent(phoebe, leto). parent(leto, apollo). parent(leto, artemis). parent(zeus, apollo). parent(zeus, artemis). parent(oceanus, iapetus). parent(tethys, iapetus). parent(hera, ares). parent(zeus, ares). male(chaos). male(cyclope). male(uranus). male(chronos). male(coeus). male(oceanus). male(hades). male(poseidon). male(zeus). male(ares). male(apollo). male(iapetus). female(gaea). female(rhea). female(leto). female(hera). female(phoebe). female(tethys). female(artemis). define rules for the following relationships: a) father b) mother c) child d) son e) daughter f) sibling g) aunt and answer the following questions: h) Father of Ares i) Mother of Apollo j) Children of Uranus k) Son of Zeus l) Daughter of Gaea m) All siblings of Hades n) Who is the aunt of Leto? .

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The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth)
The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth) Uranus (Heaven) Oceanus = Tethys Iapetus (Titan) = Clymene Themis Atlas Menoetius Prometheus Epimetheus = Pandora Prometheus • “Prometheus made humans out of earth and water, and he also gave them fire…” (Apollodorus Library 1.7.1) • … “and scatter-brained Epimetheus from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed” (Hesiod Theogony ca. 509) Prometheus and Zeus • Zeus concealed the secret of life • Trick of the meat and fat • Zeus concealed fire • Prometheus stole it and gave it to man • Freidrich H. Fuger, 1751 - 1818 • Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora • Zeus chained Prometheus to a mountain • The accounts here are many and confused Maxfield Parish Prometheus 1919 Prometheus Chained Dirck van Baburen 1594 - 1624 Prometheus Nicolas-Sébastien Adam 1705 - 1778 Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus • Novel by Mary Shelly • First published in 1818. • The first true Science Fiction novel • Victor Frankenstein is Prometheus • As with the story of Prometheus, the novel asks about cause and effect, and about responsibility. • Is man accountable for his creations? • Is God? • Are there moral, ethical constraints on man’s creative urges? Mary Shelly • “I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion. Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world” (Introduction to the 1831 edition) Did I request thee, from my clay To mould me man? Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me? John Milton, Paradise Lost 10.
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CS171: Expert Systems Vladimir Vacic University of California, Riverside Homework Assignment 1 Primer This is a classical Prolog application. Given the following graph of possible flights between seven US cities: (graph taken from the web site of the American Mathematical Society, http://www.ams.org) Write a Prolog program that would check if there is a route from a city A to a city B: Steps: 1. Encode your database of facts: flight(fresno, seattle). flight(seattle, omaha). and so on. 2. Write the rules: What does it mean that there is a route from city A to city B? Well, we either have a direct connection, or we can to go from A to some city from which we have a direct connection to B. This is written as: route(A, B) :- flight(A, B). route(A, B) :- route(A, X), flight(X, B). And that’s it. Now you can ask Prolog if there is a routs from a city to a city, for example: ?- route(fresno, atlanta). You do not have to turn in the primer, but it will be useful to code it, as a warm-up, and to get a sense of working in Prolog. Note that the way the route rule was written is actually a recursion. route(A, B) :- flight(A, B). is the base case, and: route(A, B) :- route(A, X), flight(X, B). is the recursive step. Every time we apply the recursive step, we should be getting one city closer to the source. Homework assignment To be turned-in on Monday, April 11, 2005, in the discussion section, as a printout.
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Atlas (Mythology) from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
AAttllaas ((mmyytthhoollooggyy) - WWiikkiippeeddiiaa, tthhe ffrreee eennccyyccllooppeeddiiaa hhttttpp::////eenn..wwiikkiippeeddiiaa..oorrgg//wwiikkii//AAttllaass__((mmyytthhoollooggyy)) Atlas (mythology) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia InIn Greek mythologygy,, Atlas (/ˈætləs/; Ancient Greek: Ἄτλας) was the primordial Titan who held up thehe celestialal Atlas spheres. He is also the titan of astronomy and navigation. Although associated with various places, he became commonly identified with the Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa (Modern-day Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia).[1][1] Atlas was the son of the Titanan Iapetus and the Oceanidd Asiaa[2][2] or or ClClymene..[3][3] In contexts where a Titan and a Titaness are assigned each of the seven planetary powers, Atlas is paired with Phoebe and governs the moon..[4][4] Hyginus emphasises the primordial nature of Atlas by making him the son of Aether andd Gaia.a.[5][5] The first part of the term Atlantic Ocean refers to "Sea of Atlas", the term Atlantis refers to "island of Atlas". Titan of Astronomy Abode WWestern edge ofof Gaia (thethe Earth)) Contents Symbol Globe 11 EtEtymolologygy Parents Iapetus and Asia or Clymenee 22 Puninishmenentt Children Hesperides,s, Hyades,s, Hyas, Pleiades, Calypso,so, Dione and 2.1 VVariations Maera 33 Encounter with Heracleses Roman equivalent Atlas 44 Etruscan Arill 55 Chilildrdrenen 66 Cultural influencece 77 SeSee alalsoso 88 NNototeses 99 References 1010 External linkss Etymology The etymology of the name Atlas is uncertain. Virgil took pleasure in translating etymologies of Greek names by combining them with adjectives that explained them: for Atlas his adjective is durus, "hard, enduring",[6][6] which suggested to George Doig[7][7] that Virgil was aware of the Greek τλῆναι "to endure"; Doig offers the further possibility that Virgil was aware of Strabo’s remark that the native North African name for this mountain was Douris.
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Atlas (Mythology) - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
ַא ְט ָלס atlas http://www.morfix.co.il/en/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1 Atlas (mythology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(mythology) Atlas (mythology) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In Greek mythology, Atlas (/ˈætləs/; Ancient Greek: Ἄτλας ) was the primordial Titan who held up the celestial spheres. Atlas He is also the titan of astronomy and navigation. Although associated with various places, he became commonly identified with the Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa (Modern-day Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). [1] Atlas was the son of the Titan Iapetus and the Oceanid Asia [2] or Clymene.[3] In contexts where a Titan and a Titaness are assigned each of the seven planetary powers, Atlas is paired with Phoebe and governs the moon.[4] Hyginus emphasises the primordial nature of Atlas by making him the son of Aether and Gaia.[5] The first part of the term Atlantic Ocean refers to "Sea of Atlas", the term Atlantis refers to "island of Atlas". Titan of Astronomy Abode Western edge of Gaia ( the Earth ) Contents Symbol Globe Parents Iapetus and Asia or Clymene 1 Etymology Children Hesperides, Hyades, Hyas, 2 Punishment Pleiades, Calypso, Dione and 2.1 Variations Maera 3 Encounter with Heracles Roman equivalent Atlas 4 Etruscan Aril 5 Children 6 Cultural influence 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Etymology The etymology of the name Atlas is uncertain. Virgil took pleasure in translating etymologies of Greek names by combining them with adjectives that explained them: for Atlas his adjective is durus , "hard, enduring", [6] 1 of 6 10/8/2014 11:41 PM Atlas (mythology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(mythology) which suggested to George Doig [7] that Virgil was aware of the Greek τλῆναι "to endure"; Doig offers the further possibility that Virgil was aware of Strabo's remark that the native North African name for this mountain was Douris .
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