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Emergency Homes Syracuse University SURFACE School of Architecture Dissertations and Architecture Senior Theses Theses Spring 2017 Emergency Homes Denise A. Lee Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses Part of the Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Denise A., "Emergency Homes" (2017). Architecture Senior Theses. 415. https://surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses/415 This Thesis, Senior is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Architecture Dissertations and Theses at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Architecture Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 146 EMER- GENCY HOMES DENISE A. LEE // SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE THESIS Copyright © 2016 by Denise A. Lee All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review. Denise Lee 88 Winter Lane Mountain House, CA 95391 Printed in the United States of America Syracuse University School of Architecture https://soa.syr.edu Fall 2016 - Spring 2017 Thesis Document. Advisor: Daekwon Park. 2 EMERGENCY HOMES DENISE A. LEE 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS proposal // 9 strategies // 15 history // 33 site // 47 framework // 87 scenario // 107 prototypes // 113 details // 129 works cited // 139 “If you don’t have a generous view of cities, then... you don’t have a generous view of people” - Jaime Lemer Mayor of Curitiba, Brazil 6 “If you don’t have a generous view of cities, then... you don’t have a generous view of people” - Jaime Lemer Mayor of Curitiba, Brazil 7 the proposal 8 the proposal Emergency structures are expensive. They don’t reach disaster sites in an adequate time-frame - for most disas- ters come without a warning. What if there was a way to send a ‘how-to’ system that could work for certain cli- mates? What if we could invent a sort of framework that utilizes natural resources native to the land to build these structures? Could there be a social benefit with the empowerment and reinvigoration of the ‘self-help’ aspect of bouncing back from a disaster? Will we find an economic benefit by designing with local and abundant materials? 9 EMERGENCY HOMES // IS DESIGN A NECESSITY OR A LUXURY? “We need real care, not awareness.” Claim: Of the things we as human beings have a ‘right’ to--air, water, food-- shelter seems to be the last component that is compromised, in the history of disaster relief. In fact at least three million Western Europeans are homeless each winter, 700,000 people on any given night are without shelter, while another 600 million urban dwellers and 1 billion people in rural areas live in overcrowded and poor-quality housing--slums, railway platforms, old buses, (McGranahan). These statistics are vacuous from immediate disasters, like the most recent Caribbean disaster: Hurricane that displaced hundreds of thousands of people. “Designers cannot just stand by and watch as the refugee crisis unfolds”, and although ar- chitects and designers can’t save the world, through design, we can alleviate consequences of scarcity. It’s not about creating a structure that will withstand the ends of time or endure the most extreme climate, it’s about how to respond in an emergency with the most geo- graphically intelligent prototype that utilizes the utmost importance of on site materials so the bare minimum of an instruction manual or few key tools to offset distribution obsta- cles. This thesis is aimed to design for the 99 in disaster relief. Right: A local woman building a shelter with an emergency housing kit piloted in South and North Darfur states in 2014 . 10 11 CASE STUDIES // EMERGENCY RESPONSE STRUCTURES New Gourna Village // Gaza City, Israel, 2010 Paper Log Houses // Turkey - Hualin Temporary Elementary School // Cement and building materials are not available in the Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily Chengdu, China, 2008 city because of political and military control, so as a - Prototype Low Cost House solution, mud bricks create low-cost, sturdy homes. Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily - // Galadimawa, FCT, Nigeria 2014 UNRWA // IRIN News Rammed Earth construction technique. - Isona Shibata Paper Log Houses // Kobe, Japan, 1995 Paper Emergency Shelters for UNHCR // Sandbags as foundation, thick paper tubes as walls, Byumba Refugee Camp, Rwanda, 1999 New Gourna Village Adobe Brick Construction waterproof sponge tabe as insulation in between Low-cost alternative to trees being cut down from the // Luxor (ancient Thebes), Egypt, 1945 // Milyanfan, Kyrgyzstan 2007 paper tubes. Each 52 sq. m. unit is <$2,000. critical deforestation. Prototype shelters were durable, Use of clay and local materials created dynamic com- Rammed Earth construction technique. - - Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily cost-ecient, easily assembled, and kept termites out. munity “empowering the poor through participation Vladimir Menkov - Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily in design and building processes. - Hasan Fathy // World Monuments Fund 12 New Gourna Village // Gaza City, Israel, 2010 Paper Log Houses // Turkey - Hualin Temporary Elementary School // Cement and building materials are not available in the Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily Chengdu, China, 2008 city because of political and military control, so as a - Prototype Low Cost House solution, mud bricks create low-cost, sturdy homes. Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily - // Galadimawa, FCT, Nigeria 2014 UNRWA // IRIN News Rammed Earth construction technique. - Isona Shibata Paper Log Houses // Kobe, Japan, 1995 Paper Emergency Shelters for UNHCR // Sandbags as foundation, thick paper tubes as walls, Byumba Refugee Camp, Rwanda, 1999 New Gourna Village Adobe Brick Construction waterproof sponge tabe as insulation in between Low-cost alternative to trees being cut down from the // Luxor (ancient Thebes), Egypt, 1945 // Milyanfan, Kyrgyzstan 2007 paper tubes. Each 52 sq. m. unit is <$2,000. critical deforestation. Prototype shelters were durable, Use of clay and local materials created dynamic com- Rammed Earth construction technique. - - Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily cost-ecient, easily assembled, and kept termites out. munity “empowering the poor through participation Vladimir Menkov - Shigeru Ban // ArchDaily in design and building processes. - Hasan Fathy // World Monuments Fund 13 the strategies 14 the strategies This thesis aims to find a medium between a framework that allows for a quick dispatch of a structure that can emulate these programs and a comprehensible system that can be accomplished by the average citizen without an architecture background. This will be achieved through the usage of local materials to offset con- struction material cost and weight distribution, as well as empowering locals to build a creation of their own. With the juxtaposition of enduring destruction, I propose a methodology of rebuilding and rehabilitation. 15 AIMS // AN IDEAL HOUSEHOLD Living spaces that I find successful have areas dedicated enhance a certain quality of living. These spaces can in- clude some or all of these programs. learn sleep eat cook meet play/make share 16 learn sleep eat cook meet play/make share 17 SUBURBIA QUICK SANITATION EX+IMPLOSION // DISPATCH PROTOTYPE MODEL EDUCATION COMPONENTS OF RELIEF STRUCTURES SHARED EFFICIENT MODULAR AMENITIES HYGIENE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS HEALTH CLINICS DISASTER RELIEF POP-UP CLINICS To the left, we analyze the idea of relief MOBILITY TRANSITIONAL PERMANENT COMMUNITY structures explode outwards in terms GATHERING PUBLICITY of relatable components subject to ex- SPACES ploration, as well as implode inwards to DENSE EMERGENCY identify certain interconnections that POPULATION HOMELESS DONATIONS could point to new discoveries of the CENTRAL detailed framework of relief structures CITY and emergency housing. HOUSING MEDIA HIGH COMP- TOWN MARKETING The topic of relief structures is broken TECH LABOR ETITIONS RELIEF down into four main components: hous- GARDEN CITY STRUCTURES ing, resources, labor, and a community. Those sectors are further broken down. TOWN- For example, housing is denominated COUNTRY SERVICE DONORS down to emergency housing, transi- LOW OR POWER tional housing, permanent housing, HIGH TECH CONCORD FUNDING RESOURCES MANIP- and homeless housing. ULATION GEOGRAPHICAL NEEDS By imploding sectors back into the mind COUNTRY NGOs & map, we can see the inner connections NON-PROFITS HABITAT that start to manifest across multiple NEGATIVE FOR SPACE HUMANITY disciplines. LOW SYNTHETIC ACUMEN TECH NATURAL ENERGY FUND ENERGY SOLAR DESIGN- CORPS LITTLE TO NO INFRA- WIKIMEDIA BRAC STRUCTURE RURAL FOUNDATION FUEL ARCHITECTS HYDRO OIL CELLS WITHOUT WIND BORDERS 18 SUBURBIA QUICK SANITATION EX+IMPLOSION // DISPATCH PROTOTYPE MODEL EDUCATION COMPONENTS OF RELIEF STRUCTURES SHARED EFFICIENT MODULAR AMENITIES HYGIENE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS HEALTH CLINICS DISASTER RELIEF POP-UP CLINICS MOBILITY TRANSITIONAL PERMANENT COMMUNITY GATHERING PUBLICITY SPACES DENSE EMERGENCY POPULATION HOMELESS DONATIONS CENTRAL CITY HOUSING MEDIA HIGH COMP- TOWN MARKETING TECH LABOR ETITIONS GARDEN RELIEF CITY STRUCTURES TOWN- COUNTRY SERVICE DONORS LOW OR POWER HIGH TECH CONCORD FUNDING RESOURCES MANIP- ULATION GEOGRAPHICAL NEEDS COUNTRY NGOs & NON-PROFITS HABITAT NEGATIVE FOR SPACE HUMANITY LOW SYNTHETIC ACUMEN TECH NATURAL ENERGY FUND ENERGY SOLAR DESIGN- CORPS LITTLE TO NO INFRA- WIKIMEDIA BRAC STRUCTURE RURAL FOUNDATION FUEL ARCHITECTS HYDRO OIL
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