Caribbean Disaster Information Network (CARDIN)

CARIBBEAN DISASTER INFORMATION:

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Edited By

Beverley Lashley & Houple Henry

Sponsored by the European Community Humanitarian Office

June 2000

Caribbean Disaster Information Network (CARDIN) University of the West Indies Library Mona, Kingston 7

© 2000 by CARDIN All rights reserved Printed 2000

CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA

Caribbean disaster information: a bibliography / edited by Beverley Lashley and Houple Henry. p. cm. At head of title: Caribbean Disaster Information Network. ISBN 976-41-0166-6 1. Emergency management - Bibliography. 2. Disaster relief – Bibliography. 3. Disaster – Bibliography. I. Lashley, Beverley. II. Henry, Houple. III. Caribbean Disaster Information Network.

Z5772.C37 2000 016.36

Cover and book design by Wycliffe Hoshing

Table of Contents

Forward I Acknowledgments II

Introduction III

How To Use This Publication III-IV

Document Index 1-235

Author Index 236-247

Subject Index 248-253

Lists Of Acronyms 254-255

Addresses Of Organizations 257-257

Forward

Much of the literature relating to Disaster Management in the Caribbean has not been systematically compiled. This is particularly true of the work which has been done outside the academic domain. The CARDIN database, which will provide electronic access, remote interrogation, and links into other databases, will therefore be important to the discipline of disaster management in the Caribbean.

The CARDIN project transcends language barriers and is expected, on completion, to be representational of the work of the Region. Users will find the Bibliography easy to use. Addition of the locator for the papers is very useful. Connection to other databases ensures wide access to allied disciplines and has allowed incorporation of papers on environmental management, community development, agriculture and health, among others.

CARDIN will also promote the work of scientists, researchers and disaster management organizations of the Caribbean, and will make their work more easily accessible, thus helping to eliminate some of the challenges encountered in its establishment.

This represents a significant contribution to the disaster management literature of the Caribbean. Most appropriately, the project is the responsibility of an existing Regional Institution, which will ensure continuity. I hope CARDIN will be accepted as another valuable resource to be used in our ongoing efforts to reduce the vulnerability of the region.

Dr. Barbara Carby Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management Jamaica

I Acknowledgements

CARDIN express appreciation to the European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) for its ongoing sponsorship of the Project. It would also like to thank all persons from various organizations within America and the Caribbean who provided input or assisted otherwise with the development of Caribbean Disaster Information: A Bibliography.

Special thanks to Ms. Stephney Ferguson, University Librarian, who gave the initial guidance to the project and Mrs. Norma Amenu Kpodo, Deputy Librarian who presently supervises the CARDIN Project. Mention must also be made of the assistance of Mrs. Janet McCallum, Systems Librarian, UWI and Mrs. Donna Henriquez, UWI Library Student Assistant.

We hope that this tool will aid in the access and dissemination of disaster information throughout the Caribbean Region.

Please note however that European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.

Beverley Lashley Project Coordinator CARDIN

June, 2000

Introduction

Caribbean Disaster Information: A Bibliography, is produced by the Caribbean Disaster Information Network (CARDIN), and lists documents on disaster prevention, mitigation and response included in the CARDIN database. It is a product of a regional cooperative effort with contributions from disaster organizations in the Caribbean. CARDIN embarked on this project in an effort to bolster the ability at national and regional levels to identify and capture relevant disaster related information and make it accessible and available to the global community.

It is envisaged that the bibliography will provide government agencies, planning units, insurance companies, statisticians, policy makers, researchers, teachers and students with a collection of disaster information pertinent to the Caribbean region. It is hoped that this resource guide will help to reveal gaps in disaster research and highlight areas, which need be revisited in an effort to identify appropriate measures, policies and practices to be taken in order to alleviate the vulnerability of the Caribbean region to disasters.

The Bibliography includes works authored by professionals involved in disaster related issues in the Caribbean Region. It includes technical and scientific literature on the management of natural and man made disasters. Works incorporated include: research papers, theses, books, articles that have been prepared in scholarly journals, papers presented at conferences, preparedness plans, projects and technical reports. Works in Spanish with abstracts have been included and subject descriptors in English have been used for indexing.

We hope that it will be as user friendly as anticipated and all who use it will find it a valuable addition to their libraries or information units. We trust that CARDIN’s efforts will contribute to the dissemination of disaster related information and aid in the discussion of disaster related issues.

How to use this Publication

This Bibliography is quite basic in its presentation and has been designed to be as user-friendly as possible. Information has been recorded as taken from the resources and this may appear as inconsistencies in presentation. However this is to ensure that the resource can be accurately and reliably traced.

The Main Document Index

The Document Index is the main listing of entries and is organized sequentially by document entry in the CARDIN database. Each reference provides the bibliographic description of the document, which includes, Identification Numbers; Author; Title; Source (publisher, place, date and pages); Location (where the item can be found); and Abstracts (where these are available).

The Subject Index

The Subject Index was designed as a tool to search for essential information in the Main Index. An alphabetical listing of main key words have been used to describe documents, along with corresponding identification numbers for each reference.

The Author Index

The Author Index is an alphabetical listing of authors and institutions, along with the corresponding identification numbers of documents included in the database.

Formats for Bibliographic Records

Identification Number ------ID: 1152 Author ------Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Title ------Ti: Disaster planning lessons for the Caribbean: the Gilbert experience. Publication------Pub: Cave Hill; University of the West Indies, (CERMES; 1989. 23. Conference ------Co: Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Studies Association, 14th.; Bridgetown, May 23-6 1989. Abstract ------Ab: Reviews the relief measures and response to in Jamaica and seeks to highlight those lessons that will be most beneficial to disaster management in the Caribbean region. A brief review of the physical dimensions of hurricane Gilbert and its impact on Jamaica are first presented. The response and relief measures of key agencies are then summarized and inadequacies highlighted. The identifiable constraints to implementation are outlined and the lessons for regional disaster management specified. Location ------Lo: , Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency

Other abbreviations used within this publication are: • Pr: which signifies a project • So: which indicates the source of the record.

Document Index

ID: 1 and 2375 mm annual rainfall in the humid tropical Au: Wright, Raymond M. volcanic island of Dominica, West Indies. Two spot Ti: Hydrological criteria for evaluating solid waste surveys in August 1982 at baseflow during the wet disposal sites in Jamaica. season indicated that pipes contributed at least 14-16 So: Journal of the Scientific Research Council of Jamaica; percent of streamflow. Sampled pipe-flow was of 3(2): 59-90, Oct. 1972. similar chemical composition to the baseflow Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. dominated streamwater. Specific conductance (249- 420 uS cm-1) and silica (75 mg 1 -1) levels of pipeflow were high and suggested that the pipes tapped solute ID: 2 rich water close to the soil rock interface. The Au: Mather, M. principal pipes flow perennially and showed little Ti: Maps in action for protecting Trinidad and response to daily rainfalls of up to m3mn during the from disasters. monitoring period. So: In: Merriman, P. A. ed; Browill, C. W. A. ed. Natural Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. disasters: protecting vulnerable communities, Proceedings of the conference held in London 13-15 Oct. 1993. London, Thomas Telford, 1993. 365-73. ID: 5 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: The earthquake at . Jamaica 1892. So: Jamaican Pamphlets; 1892. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 3 Au: Diyaljee, V. A. Ti: Roadway landslides in heavily overconsolidated ID: 6 Trinidad clay. Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Carby, Barbara E; Saunders, P. H. So: International Symposium on Landslides, . Ti: The impact of slope movements on a rural Proceedings; 251-6, 1984. community: lessons from Jamaica. Ab: An investigation of a roadway landslide in heavily So: In: Merriman, P. A. ed; Browitt, C. W. A. ed. Natural overconsolidated Trinidad clay is presented. The slide disasters protecting vulnerable communities: occurred due to the combination of softening of the Proceedings of the conference held in London 13-15 subsoils and unfavourable pore-water pressure Oct. 1993. London, Thomas Telford, 1993. 447-60. during a period of heavy rainfall. The mechanism Ab: This study documents the complicated bureaucratic leading to the occurrence of these conditions was process of relief, recovery and rehabilitation. The deep cracks formed as a result of desiccation. nature of the hazard is discussed and long-term Progressive movement of the slide area was mitigation strategies are proposed. The experience of noticeable about five years prior to the sudden failure Preston - the slope movements of March 1986 that occurred on December 26, 1979. The slide area destroyed the village of Preston, Parish of St. Mary, was rehabilitated using retaining walls on both sides Jamaica and was related to lateral spreading - has of the roadway along with a large diameter culvert to shown that (1) there are no specific guidelines or facilitate quick removal of storm and surface run-off. legislative framework within which the State may Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. effectively assist its citizenry in the event of natural disasters, and (ii) as a society we are not prepared to deal with and manage the landslide hazard. These ID: 4 observations may be valid worldwide for developing Au: Walsh, Rory P. D; Howells, K. A. countries. The slope movements which affected Ti: Soil pipes and their role in runoff generation and Preston are likely to be repeated in other chemical denudation in a humid tropical communities in St. Mary; therefore the need for a catchment in Dominica. National Landslide Management Programme is So: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms; 13: 9-17, indicated. The Preston experience suggests that it is 1988. the responsibility of the local population to learn Ab: Numerous soil pipes are reported from a small about the hazard and to prepare itself accordingly. catchment in an area of Kandoid (kaolin-rich) soils Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 9 ID: 7 the country is engaged in a flood plain mapping Au: Dyer-Williams, K. project as part of its disaster preparedness Ti: Workshop on landslide hazard assessment, programme; they may also be useful for other Kingston, Jamaica. countries in the Caribbean region where there are no So: Geological Society of such extensive records. Newsletter; 13: 15. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 11 ID: 8 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Mehigan, P. J; Hartford, D. N. D. Emergency Relief Coordination. Ti: Aspects of slope stability in relation to road Ti: Guidebook for developing a school earthquake design in the Commonwealth of Dominica safety program. Ab: This paper concerns the stability of natural slopes in Pub: Kingston; ODPEM; 50. the central and eastern areas of the Commonwealth Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and of Dominica, West Indies. A specific study of Emergency Management. landslides on the island has not been conducted in the past; however valuable information regarding the ID: 12 soil properties and behavior was gathered by the Au: Development Alternative Inc. authors during a road design contract. The island is Ti: Hillsides development-strategy for Jamaica. geologically young and there is heavy rainfall in the Pub: Washington, D.C.; USAID, 16 area where the landslides occur. The predominant soil Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture.

type is a well graded high plasticity material, the ID: 13 details of whose properties and behavior are Au: Gray, Calvin R. presented. Ti: History of tropical in Jamaica 1886 to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1986. Pub: Kingston; National Meteorological Service; n.d.. 23. ID: 9 Ab: Records from 1886 to 1986 of hurricanes (H), tropical Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Youth and Community storms (S), tropical depressions (D) and all tropical Development. cyclones (C=H+S+D) occurring in the Jamaica were Ti: Disaster Management plan for Ministry of Youth analysed to identify a distribution that would fit the and Community Development. annual occurrence of these events and also to Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Youth and determine their annual and monthly distribution. It Community Development; 106. has been found that the number of occurrences per Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and year of hurricanes, tropical storms and tropical Emergency Management. depressions, taken separately, approach Poisson distribution with 1.7030, 1.7822 and 0.8889 ID: 10 respectively. It was found, however that in the Au: Molina, Medardo; Gray, Calvin R. Jamaica area, the annual occurrence of these events Ti: Frequency distribution of hurricanes and tropical when combined did not fit the Poisson distribution. storms in Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: 1st Annual National Conference on Science and Technology; Kingston, Apr. 27-29, 1987. 10 Ab: Records from 1900 to 1980 of hurricanes and tropical ID: 14 storms occurring over the 5 - degree grid bounded by Au: Wright, Raymond M. 15N75W, 20N80W and 20N75W within which Ti: Hydrogeological criteria for evaluating solid Jamaica is located, have been analysed to determine waste disposal sites in Jamaica. their annual and monthly frequency distribution. It Pub: s.l.; s.n.; n.d.. 17. has been found out that the number of occurrences Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. per year of hurricanes and tropical storms, taken separately, approach Poisson distribution with a=0.51 and a=0154 respectively. The monthly frequency ID: 15 distribution of both events combined shows that they Ti: Implementation report, training of home builders are most likely to occur during September, August or in rural communities in the Southern Peninsula October with a probability of 34, 26 and 24 percent, of . respectively. May, June, July and November account Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 16. for the remaining 16 percent. These findings have Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency practical value as these events are disaster sources and Response Agency. 10 ID: 16 ID: 23 Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority: Ti: Proceedings of the Volcano Emergency Coastal Zone Management. Management Seminar. Ti: Jamaica's coastal resources. Co: Volcano Emergency Management Seminar; Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1995. 127. Plymouth, 4-7, Dec. 1985. 95. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

ID: 17 ID: 24 Au: Danes, J. V. Au: Archer, Arthur B. Ti: Karst Studies in Jamaica. Ti: Report of the land-based sources of pollution in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. coastal, marine and land areas of CARICOM States. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; n.d.; 121. ID: 18 Ab: The UNEP/CARICOM project was undertaken Ti: National Forestry Action Plan Jamaica. because of the over-abundant evidence of pollution Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Government; 150. in the (mainly from land-based Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation sources); and because of the detrimental effects Department. of the numerous pollution sources on coastal ecosystems (particularly fisheries and coral reefs), which form a protective barrier to coastlines and ID: 19 coastal property, and on amenities providing marine Au: NORDAN International. recreational activity for tourist industries. The latter Ti: National oil pollution contingency plan for industries are extremely vital to the financial Jamaica, volume II. viability of most of the small islands that comprise Pub:NORDAN International 67. the numerical majority of the countries of the Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Caribbean Community. The main areas on which the Emergency Management. investigation and questionnaires focussed were domestic waste, mainly sewage and excreta disposal, ID: 20 and solid waste management: agricultural waste: Au: Persaud, Vishna. industrial processes, and waste treatment and Ti: Natural disaster reduction for sustainable disposal: air pollution and coastal developments and development. their impingement on coastal ecosystems. The results Pub: s.l.; s.n..; n.d.. 7-9. of the data collected offer a comparatively accurate Ab: Looks at how natural disaster could affect sustainable quantifiable evaluation of pollution loads on coastal development. Suggests preventative measures against ecosystems, land and subsurface resources. natural disasters. Lo: UWI, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Science Library. ID: 25 ID: 21 Au: Pan American Health Organisation. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ti: Report on disasters and emergency preparedness Ti: Natural hazard awareness and loss reduction for Jamaica, St. Vincent, and Dominica. strategies among St. Lucian farmers: background Pub: Washington, D.C.; Pan Health Health Organisation; to the study. 93. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO. PCDPPP; 9. Ab: In 1979 the Caribbean was struck by three Co: Workshop on Natural Hazard Awareness and consecutive disasters: In April the Soufriere Volcano Mitigation; Castries, 27, Nov. – 1, Dec. 1989. in St. Vincent erupted, forcing the authorities to Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency temporarily resettle 20 percent of the Response Agency.. population. In July, floods caused extensive damage to the western parishes in Jamaica. In September, ID: 22 Dominica was left in a state of shock and complete Au: Duncan, Linda Francis. destruction by one of the most Ti: Natural Resources Conservation Authority of powerful hurricanes of this century. In all these Jamaica hazardous waste management strategy. disasters the immediate aftermath was characterized Pub: s.l; Jacques Whitford Environment Limited; 100 by uncertainty and fear of communicable disease Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and outbreaks. In order to monitor closely what occurs Emergency Management. following major disasters, specific post-disaster 11 epidemiologic surveillance systems have been community preparedness. A geologic, hydrologic proposed. This report describes the experiences with analysis are also part of this study. All these measures setting up such surveillance systems in the Caribbean are expected to reduce future losses. following the disasters in St. Vincent, Jamaica and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Dominica. Most of the outbreaks or potential risk situations were associated with the disaster relief ID: 29 efforts. The report's conclusions and Au: Pierson, T. C. recommendations for future work in setting up Ti: Soil pipes and slope stability. epidemiologic surveillance systems following natural Pub: s.l.; s.n.; n.d.. 11. disasters are as follows: 1. Epidemiologic surveillance Ab: Experimentation with a Hele-Shaw viscous-flow systems following disasters should be organized analogue apparatus has supported earlier suggestions quickly and be creative and very dynamic. 2. The based on field evidence that a causal link exists surveillance system as described in this report will between some soil pipes and slope failure. The detect outbreaks if they occur. The drawback of the analogue has shown that when a pipe is blocked or is system is that it can easily detect "outbreaks" where a dead-end passageway (a closed pipe), the cavity can there are none. 3. All of the outbreaks detected could readily fill with water during rainstorms. Pipes have been prevented by adequate disease partially filled with standing water will generate pore control measures following the disaster. In fact, most pressure in the surrounding soil matrix in proportion of the outbreaks detected were associated with the to the hydrostatic head achieved. Long pipes parallel disaster relief effort. In 1979 the Caribbean was to the fall line of the Slope have the potential, struck by three consecutive disasters. when partially filled with water, of generating soil Lo: UWI, Science Library; , Regional Disaster pore-water pressures much greater than those Information Center For Latin America generated by total saturation of the soil. Such pore- pressure increases could trigger land-slides at sites ID: 26 that would otherwise be stable. Au: Selby, A. Tony. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Report: policies, requirements and recommendations for natural hazards design in ID: 30 Barbados. Ti: Statement of cost of restoration of roads, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster And Emergency buildings, etc., damaged by flood rains and Response Agency. hurricane, June 1st to October 29th, 1933. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; n.d.. 51. ID: 27 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Au: Jamaica. National Resources Conservation Division Ti: Rio Minho Watershed. ID: 31 Pub: s.l.; s.n.; n.d.. Au: Matley, C. A. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: The geology of the () 1926. ID: 28 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Au: Molina, Medardo; McDonald, Franklin. Ti: Sink holes management and floodings in ID: 32 Jamaica. Au: Brennan, J. F. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; n.d.. 5. Ti: The Kingston anemometer, or record of Ab: More than 518 sq.m (200 sq.mi) of prime lands in observations upon the hourly velocity and force Jamaica lay on Karstic material where sink holes are of the wind throughout the three years - March the natural outlet of important streams. Due to 1892, to February 1895, - with other notes, increasing social pressures, the lands are including tables and diagrams. inappropriately managed and as a consequence, Pub: s.l; s.n; n.d. 19. vegetal debris and silting have plugged the sink holes Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. which have thus lost their capacity to drain the run- off produced during heavy rainfalls. One of these ID: 33 areas is Cave Valley, which during the last 30 years Au: Jackson, Donald A. has been affected by at least six floodings, some Ti: The urban and engineering geology of Montego of which have produced losses of life and property, in Bay Jamaica. a section of the Jamaican population which is already Pub:Kingston; Jamaica. Mines and Geology; n.d. 214. under severe economic hardship. A flood prevention Lo: Jamaica, Office Of Disaster Preparedness and and mitigation project is being implemented including Emergency Management. watershed management, river training and 12 ID: 34 ID: 40 Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Au: Ray, John. Ti: Towards mitigating the impacts of hurricanes on Ti: Three Physicotheological the nature and causes Caribbean agriculture. of earthquakes with an historical, account of Pub: Blacksburg; Polytechnic Institute; n.d.18. those two late remarkeble ones in Jamaica and Co: National Hurricane Conference; 1-3, Apr. 1987, England with practical refernce. Orlando. Pub:London; Sam Smith; 1693. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Response Agency. ID: 41 Au: Beckford, William. ID: 35 Ti: Hurricane. Ti: When disaster strikes in the Caribbean: a guide Pub: sl; sn; 1790. to providing effective aid. Prepared for the Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Caribbean community living abroad. Emergency Management. Pub:Washington; Pan American Health Organization; n.d. 14. ID: 42 Lo: St. Lucia, Hunter J. Francois Library; Costa Rica, Au: Lovell, Longford. Regional Disaster Information Center for Latin Ti: A letter to a friend, relative to the present state of America the Island of Dominica.

Pub: Winchester; James Robbine; 1818. ID: 36 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Conliffe, Wilton L. E. Ti: Workshops on disaster preparedness for district ID: 43 health team in St. Lucia. Au: Bayley, F; William, N. Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO/PCDPPP; n.d. 21. Ti: Four Years Residence in The West Indies. Co: Workshop on Disaster Preparedness; Castries, 17-26, Pub: London; William Kidd; 1830. Jun. 1985. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster And Emergency Response Agency. ID: 44 Ti: An account of the fatal earthquake which Barbados suffered in 1831. ID: 37 Pub: sl; sn; 1831. Au: Kaske, Rudiger; Vaagt, Gero; Werner, von der Ohe. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Ti: Jamaica chemical pesticides study. Pub: Philadelphia; s.n; 1990. 200. ID: 45 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Tedd, Thomas. Emergency Management. Ti: A Narrative of the late harmful and calamitons earthquake in the West Indies Islands of Antigua, Monsterrat, Nevis, St. Christopher, ID: 38 Guadeloupe etc. on February 8, 1843 written by Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Agricultural Society. an eyewitness Thomas Tebb. Ti: Watershed protection, what it means to us, why Pub:s.l;sn; 1843. protection is necessary, how protection is done. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Agricultural Society; 1961. 12 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 46 Au: Cowper, H. A.

ID: 39 Ti: 5 years in the West Indies. Au: Divine, Reverend . Pub: Dunedin; Joseph Braithwaite; 1875. Ti: The truest and largest account of the late Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. earthquake in Jamaica, June 7th, 1692. Pub: sl; sn; 1693. ID: 47 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Hayden, Everet. Ti: West Indian hurricane and the March blizzard, 1888. Pub: New York; Forest and Stream Publishing; 1889. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. 13 ID: 48 ID: 56 Ti: A full account of the late dreadful earthquake at Au: Hovey, E. O. Port Royal in Jamaica: written in two letters from Ti: Some erosion phenomena observed on the the Minister of that place from aboard the islands of Saint Vincent and Martinique in 1902 in Port Royal Harbour. and 1903. So: Journal of the Institute of Jamaica; (1):213-5, Nov. Pub: USA; Geological Society of America; 1903. 1891 - Dec. 1893. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 57 Au: Hall, Maxwell. ID: 49 Ti: The meteorology of Jamaica. Au: Ellis, A. B. Pub: Kingston; Institute of Jamaica; 1904. 48 Ti: The Great Earthquake of Port Royal. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. So: Popular Science Monthly; (40):774-84, 1892. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 58 Au: Myron, Leslie. ID: 50 Ti: Notes on the Jamaican Earthquake. Ti: Hurricane study, , Jamaica. So: Journal of Geology; 15(7):696-721, Oct.-Nov. 1907. Pub: London; Noble Denton and Associates; 1982. 70 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica; Jamaica, Office Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Emergency Management. Management.

ID: 51 ID: 59 Ti: Hypothetical doctrine of water-spouts. Au: Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency. So: Journal of the Institute of Jamaica; 2(5):413-8, Dec. Ti: Statistical summary of 1998 atlantic tropical 1987. activity. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):9, Dec. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 52 ID: 60 Au: Gray, Calvin R. Au: Reid, Brian Lt Ti: The analysis of periodic fluctuations in Jamaica's Ti: Understanding Kick ‘Em Jenny annual rainfall. So: NEMA News; Jun.-Jul. 1999: 4, 1999. So: Jamaica Journal of Science and Technology; 1(1):14- Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency 28, 1990. Management Agency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 61 ID: 53 Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Earthquake Relief Committee. Au: Diller, J. S. Ti: An interim report from January 18th to February Ti: Volcanic rocks in Martinique & St. Vincent, 28th 1907. collected by R. T. Hill. Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1907, 5. So: National Geographic Magazine; 13 :1902. 1965. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 62 ID: 54 Au: Great Britain. Parliament. Au: Hovey, E. O. Ti: Correspondence relating to the earthquake at Ti: Martinique and St. Vincent; a preliminary report Kingston, Jamaica, on 14th January, 1907. upon the eruptions of 1902. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Pub: sl; American Museum of Natural History; 1902. Command of His Majesty, June, 1907. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: London; HMSO; 1907. 119. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 55 Au: Hamilton, Alexander. ID: 63 Ti: A few of Hamilton's letters including his Au: White, Fred B. description of the great West Indian hurricane of Ti: Papers on the Jamaica earthquake of January 1772. 1907 and about a forced termed ragazity. Pub: New York; MacMillan Co; 1903. Pub: sl; sn; 1907. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

14 ID: 64 ID: 72 Au: Jamaica. Jamaica General Relief Committee. Au: Hall, Maxwell. Ti: Report of the transactions and proceedings of the Ti: Earthquake 1907. General Relief Committee, Kingston, Jamaica, Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1909. W.I., from 16th January to 9th July, 1907. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1907. 18. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 73 Au: Great Britain. Parliament. ID: 65 Ti: Further correspondence relating to the Au: Hall, Maxwell. earthquake at Kingston, Jamaica, on 14 January, Ti: The Great Earthquake of January 14, 1907 in 1907. /Incontinuation of Cd. 3796 November, Jamaica. 1907/. Presented to both Houses of Parliament So: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1907. by Command of His Majesty, May, 1909. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library; Jamaica, Geological So: London; HMSO; 1909. 68. Survey Division. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica.

ID: 66 ID: 74 Au: Hall, Maxwell. Au: Hall, Maxwell. Ti: Third report on earthquakes in Jamaica: the Ti: Rainfall of Jamaica from about 1870 to end of great earthquake of January 14th, 1907, and the 1909. after shocks. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1911. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1907. 25. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 75 ID: 67 Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Meteorological Office. Au: Brown, Charles W. Ti: The rainfall of Jamaica from about 1870 to end of Ti: The Jamaican earthquake. 1909. So: Popular Science Monthly; 70 385-403, May 1907. Pub: sl; sn; 1911. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 68 Au: Hobbs, W. H. ID: 76 Ti: A study of the damages done to bridges during Au: Cornish, Vaughan. earthquakes. Ti: On the cause of the Jamaican earthquake of So: Jamaica Geology; 16: 214-9, 1908. January 14th 1907. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. So: Geographical Journal; 40(3):299-303, 1912. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. ID: 69 Au: Cornish, Vaughan. Ti: The Jamaican Earthquake 1907. ID: 77 So: Geographical Journal; 31(3):245-276, 1908. Ti: Strong earthquake notion. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library; Jamaica, Geological So: Nature and Resources; 9(4):10-3, 1913. Survey Division. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division.

ID: 70 ID: 78 Au: Hovey, E. O. Au: Fassey, O. L. Ti: Earthquakes: their causes and effects. Ti: Hurricanes of the West Indies. So: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society; Pub: Washington, D.C.; Government Printing Office; 48: 235-58, 1909. 1913. 28. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture.

ID: 71 ID: 79 Ti: 4th report on earthquakes in Jamaica on the Au: Hall, Maxwell. period of the shocks from principal Jamaica Ti: Report on the storms and hurricanes in Jamaica, earthquake centres. November, 1912. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1909. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1913. 16. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica; UWI, Mona, Medical Library.; UWI, Mona, Science Library. 15 ID: 80 ID: 88 Au: Hall, Maxwell. Au: Hall, Maxwell. Ti: Notes of the hurricanes, earthquakes and other Ti: Rainfall of Jamaica from about 1870 to end 1919. physical occurances in Jamaica up to the Pub: sn; sn; 1923. commencement of the weather services 1880, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. with brief notes in continuation to the end of 1915. Weather report no. 455 Jamaica ID: 89 Meteorological Observation. Au: Tatem, William R. Pub:Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1916. 8. Ti: Report on the hurricanes of 1926 & 1928. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Pub: London; Waterlow & Sons; 1929. 54. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 81 Au: Hall, Maxwell. ID: 90 Ti: Report on the hurricane in Jamaica, August 15th Au: Skelte, C. C. and 16th, 1916. Ti: Notes on West Indies hurricane with special So: Kingston; Jamaica. Government Printing Office; reference to Barbados. 1916. 13. Pub:Bridgetown; Advocate Co. Ltd. Prints of the Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Government of Barbados; 1930. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 82 Au: Hall, Maxwell. ID: 91 Ti: The Jamaica hurricane of October 3, 1780. Ti: Tables of rainfall records from 1870 to 1929, So: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Jamaica. Society; 43: 221-5, Apr. 1917. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1932. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 83 ID: 92 Au: Hall, Maxwell. Au: Brennan, J. F. Ti: West Indies hurricanes as observed in Jamaica. Ti: A report on the hurricane of western Jamaica, So: Monthly Weather Review; 45: 578-88, Dec. 1918. October 29th 1933. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. So: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1934. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library; Jamaica, National ID: 84 Library of Jamaica. Au: Taber, Stephen. Ti: Jamaican earthquakes and the Bartlett Trough. ID: 93 So: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; Au: Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency. 10(2) , 1920. Ti: The millenium bug. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):10-11, Dec. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 85 Au: Sykes, Lynn R; Ewing, Maurice. ID: 94 Ti: The seismicity of the Caribbean region. Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Meteorological Office. So: Journal of Geophysical Research; 10(2):55-89, 1920. Ti: The rainfall of Jamaica from about 1870 to end Lo: UWI, Science Library. 1929. Pub: sl; sn; 1934. ID: 86 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Hall, Maxwell. Ti: Earthquakes in Jamaica from 1688 to 1919. ID: 95 Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1922. Ti: Parish rainfall for Decade 1925 to 1934, Jamaica Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. W.I. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1935. ID: 87 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Maharaj, Russell J; Pfister, Michael. Ti: The stability of coastal cliffs on Radix Point (Trinidad, West Indies). Pub: Chaguaramas; Institute of Marine Affairs; 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 16 ID: 96 ID: 103 Au: Jamaica. Government Meteorologist. Ti: Soil Erosion. Ti: Meteorology of Jamaica, including references to So: Journal of the Jamaica Agricultural Society; 47: 181-6, sunshine hours, , magnetic declination, Jun. – Aug. 1943. standard time, sunrise and sunset, earthquakes Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. etc., with maps. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1936. 32. ID: 104 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Ti: Erosion- as great an enemy as Hitler. So: Journal of the Jamaica Agricultural Society; 47: 243-5, ID: 97 Sept.-Oct. 1943. Au: Perret, Frank A. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: The eruption of Mt. Pelee, 1929-1932. Pub: Washington, D.C.; Carnegie Institution of ID: 105 Washington; 1937. Au: Brest van Kempen, C. P. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library Ti: Earthquakes in the Netherlands Indies. So: In: Honig, P; Verdoorn, F. Science and Scientists in ID: 98 the Netherlands Indies. New York, Board of the Au: Perret, Frank A. Netherlands Indies, Suriname and Curacao, 1945. Ti: The volcano-seismic crisis at Montserrat, 1933- 35-6. 1937. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Washington, D.C.; The Carnegie Institution of Washington; 1939. ID: 106 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Ter Braake, Alexander L. Ti: Volcanology in the Netherlands Indies. ID: 99 So: In: Honig, P; Verdoorn, F. Science and Scientists in Ti: Soil conservation and prevention of soil erosion the Netherlands Indies. , Board for by the hill pagans of Dikwa Emirate, Cameroons. the Netherlands Indies, 1945. 22-35 So: Jamaica Agricultural Society Journal; 46: 27-31, Jan.- Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Feb. 1942. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 107 Ti A report on the hurricane of northern Jamaica. ID: 100 Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office ; 1946. Au: Brown, Aggrey; Lo: Jamaica, Kingston & St. Andrew Parish Library. Ti: A manual of policies and procedures for emergency broadcasting in the Caribbean. ID: 108 Pub:Barbados; ECHO/CARIMAC/CDERA, 1999, 36 Ti: Interim report of the committee appointed to Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster Emergency and advise on insurance to meet the damage from Response Agency; Jamaica, Office of Disaster hurricanes: insurance to meet the damage Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, caused by hurricanes to coconut plantations. Mona, Science Library Pub: Kingston; Govertnment Printing Office; 1946. 20. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 101 Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Meteorological office. ID: 109 Ti: Supplement to rainfall of Jamaica, 1870-1939. Au: Matley, Charles Alfred. Pub: sl; sn; 1943. Ti: Outline of the geology of the Kingston district of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Jamaica. Pub: London; Institute of Jamaica; 1946. 4. ID: 102 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Au Jamaica. Jamaica Meteorological Office. Ti: The rainfall of Jamaica from about 1870 to end of ID: 110 1939. Au: Benson, E. G. Pub: sl; sn; 1943. Ti: Soil erosion. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago; XLVII(3): 235-41, Sept. 1947. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

17 ID: 111 ID: 117 Au: Abbott, Charles G. Au: MaGregor, A. G. Ti: Solar variation attending West Indian hurricanes. Ti: Eruptive mechanism: Mt. Pelee, the Soufriere of Pub: Washington, D.C.; The Smithsonian Institute; 1948. St. Vincent and the valley of Ten Thousand Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Smokes. So: Bulletin Valcanologique; 12: 49-74, 1952. ID: 112 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Banning, Forest D. Ti: Engineering report of damage caused by ID: 118 Jamaican hurricane Aug. 17-18, 1951 for Jamaica Ti: Revised rural hurricane housing scheme. Government. So: The Farmer; 56(10-12):135-7, 1952. Pub: Washington, D.C.; Economic Cooperation Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Administration; 1951. 6. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica; UWI, Mona, ID: 119 Science Library. Ti: Rural hurricane rehousing scheme. So: The Farmer; 56(10-12):117-31, 1952. ID: 113 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Matley, Charles Alfred. Ti: Geology and physiography of the Kingston ID: 120 district, Jamaica. Au: Murray, D. B. Pub: London; Crown Agents of the Colonies; 1951. 39. Ti: The likely effects of tropical storm Alma on Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council. cocoa in Trinidad. So: The Farmer; 56(10-12):316-20, 1952. ID: 114 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: A reminder of the night of August 17. So: The Farmer; 55(4-10):59, Apr. – Oct. 1951. ID: 121 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: O'Regan, J. W. Ti: The rural hurricane re-housing scheme. ID: 115 So: The Farmer; 56(10-12):112-5, 1952. Au: Chubb, L. J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: A subsidence in the mountains of Jamaica. So: Colonial Geology and Mineral Resources; 3(2):127- ID: 122 32, 1952. Ti: Operation recovery. Ab: During heavy rains in Oct. 1950, fissuring and Pub: Kingston; Gleaner; 1952. 44. subsidence of a small plateau forming the crest of Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica Woodford Hill, Jamaica, caused much damage to the village school, which subsided about a foot. Rapid ID: 123 stream erosion leading to landslides and the Au: Fowler, W. J. dislodging of a weathered porphyry on one side of Ti: Hurricane August 17-18, 1951. the plateau rendered the upper beds of shale and soft So: Meteorological Magazine; 81(961):197-203, sandstone unstable. A rotary "shearslide" movement July, 1952. on a horizontal axis ensued, movement taking place Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. on a curved, shear surface which appeared at the surface as a fissure. ID: 124 Lo: Jamaica, National Library Of Jamaica; UWI, Mona, Au: Robson, G. R. Science Library; Ti: Geological and thermal observations on the Qualibon Soutriere of St. Lucia . ID: 116 Pub: Port of Spain; sn; 1953. Ti: Distribution of Jamaican gift food in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and Dulverton flood areas. So: The Farmer; 56(10-12):110-1, 1952. ID: 125 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Carlson, Leonard A.

Ti: Flood control and related surface water resource

development in Jamaica. Pub: New York; United Nations; 1954. 31. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica.

18 ID: 135 ID: 126 Ti: Be prepared for hurricanes. Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Central Hurricane Relief Committee. So: The Farmer; 61(4): 609-11, Aug. 1957. Ti: Plan-of-action to be pursued in the event of an Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. emergency created by a hurricane.

Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1955. 4. ID: 136 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Au: Jamaica. Geological Survey Department.

Ti: Annual report of the Geological Survey ID: 127 Department for the year ended 31st March 1957. Au: Beaty, Chester B. Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1958. 19. Ti: Landslides and slope exposure. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Journal of Geology; 64: 70-4, 1956. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 137 Au: Jamaica.Geological Survey Department. ID: 128 Ti: Earthquake investigations. Au: Warneford, F. H. S.. So: In: The Geological Survey Department. Annual Ti: An introduction to the history of volcanic & Report of the Geological Survey Department for the seismic activity in the West Indies, with special year ended 31st March 1957. Kingston, Geological reference to the Lesser Antilles. Survey Department, 1958. 8. Pub: Antigua; Antigua Printry Ltd; 1956. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 138 ID: 129 Au: Versey, H. R; Prescott, G. C. Au: Tannehill, I. R. Ti: Progress report on the geology and ground water Ti: Hurricanes, their nature and history. resources of the Clarendon Plains, Jamaica. Pub:Priceton; Princeton University Press; 1956. Pub: Kingston; The Government Printer; 1958. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 130 ID: 139 Au: Sweeting, Marjorie M. Au: Barr, K. W. Ti: Hydrogeological observations in parts of the Ti: The Structural Framework of the Caribbean white limestone areas in Jamaica, B.W.I. July - Region. September, 1955. Pub: Demerara; The Argosy Company, Limited;1958. 30-2. Pub: Kingston; Government Printing Office; 1956. 27. Co: Report of the First Meeting; Demerara, Dec. 1955. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 131 ID: 140 Ti: Hurricane time. Au: Robson, G. R. So: The Farmer; 60(5):101-3, May 1956. Ti: Seismological and volcanology work in the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Eastern Caribbean 1952-1955. Pub:Demerara; The Argosy Company Limited; 1958. 26-9

Co: Report of the First Meeting; Dec. 1955. ID: 132 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Don't cultivate steep hillsides near roadways.

So: The Farmer; 60(9):216, Sept. 1956. ID: 141 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Zans, V. A.

Ti: Judgement cliff landslide in the Yallahs Valley. ID: 133 So: Journal of The Geological Society of Jamaica Ti: Hurricane relief organisation manual - Grenada. (Geonotes); 2:43-8, 1959. Pub: sl; The Government Printing Office; 1957. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 142 ID: 134 Au: Jamaica. The Geological Survey Department. Au: Versey, H. R. Ti: Annual report of the Geological Survey Ti: The Ipswich Limestone of Jamaica and its Department for the finincial year 1957-8. structural significance. Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1959. 28. Pub: sl; sn; 1957. 519-24. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 19 ID: 143 ID: 150 Au: Jamaica. Geological Survey Department. Au: Robinson, Edward; Versey, H. R; Williams, J. B. Ti: The earthquake of 1st March, 1957. Ti: The Jamaica Earthquake of March 1, 1957. So: In: The Geological Survey Department. Annual So: In:Transactions of the 2nd Caribbean Geological Report of the Geological Survey Department for the Conference. Mayaguez, University of , finincial year 1957-8. Kingston, Geological Survey 1960. 50-7. Department, 1959. 15-6. Co: Second Caribbean Geological Conference; Mayaguez, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 4-9, Jan. 1959. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 144 Au: Turbott, I. G. ID: 151 Ti: A report on the situation in this territory four Ti: Before and after hurricane precautions to take. weeks after hurricane struck. So: The Farmer; 64(7&8):200-1, Jul. – Aug. 1960. Pub: sl; sn; 1960. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 152 ID: 145 Au: Skeete, Cecil C. Au: Jamaica.Geological Survey Department. Ti: A historical discription of the weather of the Ti: Annual report of the Geological Survey island of Barbados. Department for the year 1958-9. Pub: sl; sn; 1961. Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1960. 25 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 153 ID: 146 Au: Jamaica. Geological Survey Department. Au: Jamaica. Geological Survey Department. Ti: Annual report of the Geological Survey Ti: Seismic stations in Jamaica. Department for the finincial year 1959-60. So: In: Geological Survey Department. Annual Report of Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1961. 32. the Geological Survey Department for the year 1958- Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 9. Kingston, Geological Survey Department, 1960. 16-7 ID: 154 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Kirkpatrick, William. Ti: The Water Commission (Corporate Area) ID: 147 Kingston Ja. W.I. Ti: Exchange of notes between the government of Pub: Kingston; Water Commission; 1961. 66. U.K. and U.S.A. relating to the establishment of Lo: Jamaica, Jamaica Information Service; UWI, Mona, hurricane research stations in Jamaica and Grand Science Library. Cayman. Pub: London; Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1960. 5. ID: 155 Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. Au: Wernstedt, Frederick. Ti: World climatic data: Latin America and the Caribbean. ID: 148 Pub: sl; sn; 1961. Au: Turbott, I. G. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Report on Hurricane Donna as it affected the territory of Antigua. ID: 156 Pub: Antigua; The Administrator of Antigua; 1960. Au: Robson, G. R. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Earthquake series in St. Kitts - Nevis 1961-62. So: Nature; 195(4845): 972-4, 1962. ID: 149 Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture; UWI, Mona, Science Au: Versey, H. R. Library. Ti: The hydrologic character of the white limestone formation of Jamaica. ID: 157 Pub: Mayaguez; University of Puerto Rico; 1960. 59-68. Au: Coastal water quality improvement project. Co: Transactions of the Second Caribbean Geological Ti: Resource guide to educational material Conference; Mayaguez, 4-9, Jan. 1959. available in Jamaica Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica; 1999. 271. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

20 ID: 158 ID: 166 Au: Williams, J. B. Ti: The Tobago hurricane and after. Ti: Earthquakes and their incidence and So: Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad & measurement in Jamaica. Tobago; 63(3): 265-367, Sept. 1963. So: Information Bulletin of the Scientific Reaserch Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Council, Jamaica; 3(1-4):21-25, Jun. 1962- Mar. 1963. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 167 Au: Jamaica. Scientific Resaerch Council ID: 159 Ti: The rainfall of Jamaica. Scientific Research Au: Channon, J. A. Council Jamaica; November 1963. Ti: The forecasting of hurricanes. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Information Bulletin of the Scientific Reaserch Council, Jamaica; 3(1-4):1-5, Jun. 1962 - Mar. 1963. ID: 168 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Nancoo, M. E. Ti: Hurricanes and flora. ID: 160 So: Bulletin of the Scientific Research Council, Jamaica; Au: Jamaica. Geological Survey Department. 4(3):45-9, Dec. 1963. Ti: Synopsis of the geology of Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1962. 72 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica ID: 169 Au: Jamaica.Geological Survey Department. ID: 161 Ti: Annual report of the Geological Survey Ti: Stopping hillside erosion at James Hill. Department for the year ended March 31st 1963. So: The Farmer; 67(7-9):203-4, Jul. – Sept. 1962. So: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1964. 17. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 162 ID: 170 Au: Jamaica. Geological Survey Department. Au: Williams, J. B. Ti: Annual report of the Geological Survey Ti: Harbour View Housing Scheme. Department for the year ended 31st March, 1962. So: In: Geological Survey Department. Annual Report of So: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1963. 22 the Geological Survey Department for the year ended Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. March 31st 1963. Kingston, Geological Survey Department, 1964. 15-6. ID: 163 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Geological Survey Department. Ti: Seismic unit. ID: 171 So: In: Geological Survey Department. Annual Report of Au: Williams, J. B. the Geological Survey Department for the year ended Ti: Hopewell land settlement St. Mary. 31st March, 1962. Kingston, Geological Survey So: In: Geological Survey Department., Annual Report of Department, 1963. 22. the Geological Survey Department for the year ended Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. March 31st 1963. Kingston, Geological Survey Department, 1964. 17. ID: 164 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Cairn, Ernest E. Ti: Cyclone Hattie. ID: 172 Pub:Devon; Stockwell Ltd; 1963. 75. Ti: Hurricane Flora: excerpts from Dunn & Miller. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. Hurricanes of the 20th century. Pub: Baton Rouge; L.S.U. Press; 1964. ID: 165 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Hurricane damage. Emergency Management. So: Caribbean Agriculture; 1(4): 1. 1963. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

21 ID: 173 Au: Jamaica. Negril Area Environmental Protection ID: 176 Trust. Environmental Plan Task Force. Au: Robson, G. R. Ti: Negril watershed environmental protection area Ti: An introduction to earthquakes and earthquake plan. risk in Jamaica. Pub: Negril; NAEPT; 1964. 86. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Seismic Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Research Unit; 1965. Department. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 174 Au: Robson, G. R. ID: 177 Ti: An earthquake catalogue for the Eastern Au: Hill, V. G. Caribbean 1530-1960. Ti: Factors affecting the strength and durability of So: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; stabilised earth (cinva ram) block structures in 54(2), Apr. 1964. Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1965. 24. (Technical Report, 2/65). ID: 175 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Au: Sykes, Lynn R; Ewing, Maurice. Ti: The seismicity of the Caribbean region. ID: 178 So: Journal of Geophysical Research; 70(20):5065-74, 15, Au: Andrew, E. M. Oct. 1965. Ti: Seismic surveys over river gravels in Jamaica, Ab: The hypocenters of appoximately 500 Caribbean May - August 1964. earthquakes were relocated using a digital computer. Pub: London; Great Britain. Geophysical Division, Since a large number of epicenters can now be Overseas Geological Surveys; 1965. 7. (Geophysical located with an accuracy of about 10 km, the spatial Reports, 28). distribution of earthquakes can be used in detailed Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. investigations of the tectonics of deep-sea atrenches, fault zones and island arcs. A nearly continuous belt ID: 179 of shallow-focus seismicity can be traced from Ti: Hurricane precautions, advice to banana to the Greater and Lesser Antilles growers. and then to northeastern . Intense sources So: The Farmer; 70(7-8): 207, Jul. – Aug. 1965. of seismic activity are apparently associated with the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. El Pilar and Bocono fault zones. This study indicated a gap in the seismicity of northern South America ID: 180 between longitudes 64.5oW and 69oW. In addition to Au: Monroe, Watson H. this area, several other segments of island arcs have Ti: Formation of tropical karst topography by acted as distinct tectonic units. These units are often limestone solution and reprecipitation. bounded by major transverse features. About 30 So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 6(1-2):1-7, Mar. – Jun. percent of the events reported in this study were 1966. assigned focal depths greater than 70 km; earthquakes Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. having depths as great as 200 km were detected. A zone of intermediate-depth earthquakes can be traced ID: 181 along the entire length of the Lesser Antilles. Most of Au: Hill, V. G; Taylor, W. A. the hypocenters in the Lesser Antilles are confined to Ti: A study of the effects of industrial waste on the a zone about 50 km wide which dips about 60oW. An oxygen values of the . intense source of intermediate earthquakes is located Pub:Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1966. 13. beneath the eastern end of . Much of the (Scientific Research Council. Technical Report, shallow-focus activity in the vicinity of the Puerto 1/66). Rico trench is located beneath the south wall of the Ab: An investigation into the effects of pollution of the trench. Some activity was detected in the Puerto Rico Rio Cobre by industrial efforts from the citrus trench itself, and several epicenters are associated processing plant, milk condensary, and the sugar with structural elements which strike WNW. factory was carried out over the period June 1962 to Earthquake epicenters near the Virgin Islands March 1966. The chemical oxygen demand indicate that the Anegada fault zone may be at least (COD), biochemical oxygen (BOD) and dissolved 400 km long. oxygen (DO) content of the river water and the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

22 effluents were used as parameters of the state of Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1966. 131- pollution of the river and the polluting 5. characteristics of the effluents. Co: Transactions of the Third Caribbean Geological Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica; UWI, Mona, Conference; Kingston, 2-11, Apr. 1962. Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 182 ID: 185 Au: Higuera-Gundy, Antonia; Brenner, Mark; Hodell, Au: Perelli, Richard J. David A; Curtis, Jason H; Leyden, Barbara W; Ti: Geology and ore occurences at Mavis Bank, Binford, Michael. parish of St. Andrew, Jamaica. Ti: A 10300 C14 yr record of climate and vegetation Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1966. 122- change from Haiti. 3. So: Quaternary Research; 52 :157-70, 1999. Co: Transactions of the Third Caribbean Geological Ab: Pleistocene and Holecene vegetation dynamics in the Conference; Kingston, 2-11, Apr. 1962. American tropics are inferred largely from pollen in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. continental lake sediments. Maritime influences may have moderated climate and vegetation changes on ID: 186 Caribbean islands. Stable isotope (delta O-18) study Au: Reed, A. J. of a 7.6m core from lake Miragoane, Haiti provided a Ti: Geology of the Bog Walk quadrangle, Jamaica. high-resolution record of changing Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1966. 54. evaporation/precipitation (E/P) since 10300 C-14 yr Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. B.P. The Miragoane pollen record documents climate influences and human impacts on vegetation in ID: 187 Hispaniola. The delta O-18 and pollen data near the Au: Jamaica. Scientific Research Council. base of the core indicate cool dry conditions before Ti: Good building practice prevents hurricane 10000 C-14 yr B.P. Lake Miragoane filled with water damage: a report on the effects of Hurricane in the early Holocene as E/P declined the fresh water Betsy. acquifer rose Despite increasing early Holocene Pub:Kingston ; Scientific Research Council; 1966. 5. moisture, shrubby, xeric vegetation persisted. Forest Ab: When Betsy, winds of which reached a velocity of 85 expanded 7000 C-14 yr B.P. in response to greater knots, struck Nassau in Sept. 1985, the damage to effective moisture and warming. The middle buildings was surprisingly little. Investigations Holocene (7000-3200 C-14 yr B.P.) was characterized disclosed that the rigid regulations adhered to in by high lake level and greater relative abundance of building construction, the distribution of the pollen from moist forest taxa. Climatic drying that reinforcing material in the structures, the care taken began 3200 C-14 yr B.P. may have driven some in ensuring the adequacy of pins and drapes to mesophilic animal species to extinction. The pollen wooden and concrete structures and the prompt and record of the last millennium reflects pre-Columbian efficient manner in which the population reacted to (Taino) and European deforestation. Long-term, hurricane warnings were responsible for the Holocene vegetation trends in southern Haiti are lack of destruction. The damage that did occur was comparable to trends from continental, lowland caused mainly by occasional lack of attention to circum-Caribbean sites, suggesting a common important details of construction, by falling trees and response to regional climate change. by the lifting of badly laid asphalt shingles from the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. roofs. The report includes recommendations which aim at improving building techniques and ID: 183 standard controls in Jamaica. Au: Robson, G. R. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Action to be taken in the event of an earthquake or volcanic eruption in the West Indies. ID: 188 Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Seismic Au: Weaver, John D. Research Unit; 1966. 6. Ti: Higher level erosion surfaces in the Caribbean. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Department; 1966. 10-2 Co: 3rd Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 2- ID: 184 11, Apr. 1962. Au: Martin-Kaye, P; Badcock, J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Geological background to soil conservation and land rehabilitation measures in Barbados, W.I.

23 ID: 189 ID: 197 Au: Trinidad & Tobago. Office of the Prime Minister. Au: Robson, G. R; Barr, K. G. Ti: Tobago hurricane of 1847. Ti: Report on investigation of Dominica tremors of Pub: Port of Spain; Government Printery; 1966. 1959-60. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit; 1967. 17. ID: 190 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Au: Robson, G. R. Ti: Earthquakes in Jamaica. ID: 198 So: Bulletin of the Scientific Research Council; 29-44, Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Sept. 1966. Ti: The concept of water surplus and water deficit Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and its usefulness in Caribbean climatology. Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1967. 24-7. ID: 191 Co: U.W.I. Conference on Climatology & Related Fields; Au: Robson, G. R. Kingston, September 1966. Ti: Report and correspondence on the St. Kitts- Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Nevis earthquakes of 1961-1963. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit; 1967. ID: 199 Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Au: Simpson, R. W. Ti: The hydrological investigation of the Yallahs ID: 192 catchment. Au: Ireland, C. C. McArthur. Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1967. 64-8. Ti: Hurricanes. Co: U.W.I. Conference on Climatology & Related Fields; So: Jamaica Journal; 1(1), 1967. Kingston, September 1966. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 193 ID: 200 Au: Weyl, R. Au: Vickers, D. O. Ti: Volcanoes and volcanic rocks in Central America Ti: Very heavy and intense rainfall in Jamaica. and the West Indies. Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1967. 57-63. So: Bulletin Volcanologique, Tome; 31: 3-12, 1967. Co: U.W.I. Conference on Climatology and related fields; Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Kingston, 20-22 Sept. 1966. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 194 ID: 201 Au: Smith, G. W. Au: Marx, Robert F. Ti: A nomogram for estimating - soil moisture Ti: The last day of Port Royal. deficits. So: Jamaica Journal; 1(1):16-20, Dec. 1967. Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1967. 28-41. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: U.W.I. Conference on Climatology & Related Fields;

Kingston, Sept. 1966. ID: 202 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Shepherd, John B. Ti: Earthquake in Jamaica. ID: 195 So: Jamaica Journal; 2(1):36-40, Mar. 1968. Au: Wint, J. McL. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Hurricane precautions for tropical buildings. Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1967. 91-102 ID: 203 Co: U.W.I. Conference on Climatology & Related Fields; Au: St. Lucia. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Kingston, Sept. 1966. Ti: Disaster preparedness. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Disaster Preparedness News; 1(1): 1999. Lo: St Lucia., Hunter J. Francois Library.

ID: 196 ID: 204 Au: Helm, Thomas. Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Ti: Hurricanes; weather at its worst. Ti: Precipitation from Hurricane Flora, 1963. Pub: New York; Dodd, Mead & Co.; 1967. So: Journal of Tropical Geography; 26: 29-36, 1968. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 24 ID: 205 There is a well preserved summit crater with traces of Au: Potter, H. C. a somma rim around it. Associated with the volcano Ti: A preliminary account of the stratigraphy and are four volcanic domes and two small explosion structure of the eastern part of the Northern craters. Pleistocene limestone has been uplifted on Range, Trinidad. the sides of the youngest dome, Brimstone Hill. Pub: Armina; Caribbean Printers; 1968. 15-20. Among the more recent products of the volcano are Co: Transactions of the Fourth Caribbean Geological the Mansion pyroclastics which consist chiefly of Conference; Port of Spain, 28, Mar. – 12, Apr. 1965. greenish-gray andesitic lapilli, andesitic pumice and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. basaltic cinders: a few basaltic lavas intervene locally in the pyroclastic sequence. Although the maximum

thickness of the pyroclastics is now only about 50 ft. ID: 206 the original thickness probably exceeded 130 ft. on Au: Burke, K; Coates, A. G; Robinson, Edward. the western side of the island. Investigations of Ti: Geology of the Benbow Inlier and surrounding thickness, grain size distribution and sorting indicate areas, Jamaica. that they are pyroclastic-fall deposits erupted from Pub: Arima; Caribbean Printers; 1968. 299-308. the summit crater of Mt. Misery and distributed Co: Transactions of the Fourth Caribbean Geological under the influence of a prevailing easterly wind. A Conference ; Port of Spain, 28, Mar.- 12, Apr. 1965. small group of volcanic dusts termed the Steel Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Dust Series lie above the Mansion Series but are restricted to the lower western slopes of Mt. Misery. ID: 207 Mudflow deposits, some more recent than the Steel Au: Millas, Jose Carlos. Dust Series, are extensively distributed on the Ti: Hurricanes of the Caribbean & adjacent regions, piedmont. Isolated reports of eruptions in 1492-1800. 1692 and 1843 are unsubstantiated but mild fumarolic Pub: ; Academy of the Arts & Science of America; activity persists to the present time, mainly in the 1968. crater of Mt. Misery. The bulk of the Mt. Misery Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. rocks are of andesitic composition; basalts constitute less than 30 percent of the total and dacites are ID: 208 apparently absent. Most of the rocks are porphyritic Au: Kugler, H. G. and calcic plagioclase is the dominant phenocryst. Ti: Sedimentary volcanism. The commonest rock-type is a two-pyroxene andesite Pub: Armina; Caribbean Printers; 1968. 11-13. in which hypersthene is usually slightly more Co: Transactions of the Fourth Caribbean Geological abundant than clinopyroxene. Of the coarse-grained Conference; Port of Spain, 28, Mar. – 12, Apr. 1965. blocks ejected from Mt. Misery, the most abundant Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. type is a hornblende gabbro but anorthite bearing blocks similar to those described from St. Vincent are ID: 209 also found. Au: Coates, A. G. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: The geology of the cretaceous central inlier around Arthurs Seat, Clarendon, Jamaica. Pub: Arima; Caribbean Printers; 1968. 309-15. ID: 211 Co: Fourth Caribbean Geological Conference; Port of Au: Tomblin, Judith M. Spain, 28, Mar. – 12, Apr. 1965. Ti: The geology of the Soufriere Volcanic Centre, St. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lucia. So: In: Saunders, John B. ed. Transactions of the Fourth ID: 210 Caribbean Geological Conference. Arima, Caribbean Au: Baker, P. E. Printers, 1968. 367-76. Ti: The geology of Mt. Misery Volcano, St. Kitts. Co: Fourth Caribbean Geological Conference; Port-of- So: In: Saunders, John B. ed. Transactions of the Fourth Spain, 28, Mar. – 12, Apr. 1965. Caribbean Geological Conference. Arima, Caribbean Ab: The Soufriere region of St. Lucia is the site of a Printers, 1968. 361-365. volcanic caldera of Pleistocene age. Pre-caldera Co: Transactions of the Fourth Caribbean Geological activity in the region involved firstly the emission of Conference; Port-of-Spain, 28, Mar. – 12, Apr. 1965. basalt lava flows, and subsequently the growth of a Ab: Mt. Misery is the youngest of the four main volcanic group of andesitic strato volcanoes around a centre to centres on St. Kitts. It is a typical strato-volcano with the north-east of the ultimate caldera. From a relatively steep central cone, rising to 3,792 ft. these strato volcanoes, andesite pyroclasts were above sea level flanked by a gently sloping piedmont. erupted both vertically and as pyroclast flows 25 (glowing ), in a phase of progressively volcanic lavas and clastics. It was hoped that these more violent activity ending with caldera lavas, particularly the basalts would account for the subsidence. Since caldera subsidence, intermittent differences that exist between the volcanic rocks of eruptions have occurred, forming fifteen domes and St. Vincent and Grenada. The presence of seven craters within the caldera, and emitting interbedded fossiliferous sediments amongst the pyroclasts, mainly as pumice flows, to form volcanics would also assist in determining the thick deposits within the caldera and beyond the relative age of the lavas. caldera rim. The basalts of the Soufriere region are Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. characterised by the predominance of augite among the mafic minerals, and contain between 51 percent ID: 216 of silic. In the andesites, hypersthene is often the only Au: St. Kitts and Nevis. Commission of Inquiry. mafic phenocryst mineral. In the dacites, Ti: Report on the circumstances surrounding the amphibole and bilatite are the principal mafic sinking of the M.V. Christena. phenocrysts, and are accompanied by 5 percent to 15 Pub: Baseterre; Government Printery; 1970. 32. percent of quartz phenocrysts. The andesites and Ab: The M.V. Christena sank on the afternoon of 1st dacites, which chemically form a continuous August 1970 during a scheduled voyage between St. series with silica contents ranging from 59 percent to Kitts and Nevis. A Commission of Inquiry was 66 percent, are believed to have been generated appointed to investigate the circumstances mainly by the partial fusion of local crustal material. surrounding the sinking which caused the loss of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. over 200 lives. This is the report of that Commission and recounts the events preceding, during and ID: 212 following the incident. Appendices list the names of Au: Erb, D. K. those dead and missing as well as those who survived. Ti: Geomorphology of Jamaica. Report makes recommendations re. captaincy So: Photogrammetric Engineering; xxxiv(11):1148-60, of vesels and carriage of passengers to ensure that Nov. 1968. such an incident does not recur. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency

ID: 213 ID: 217 Au: Caribbean Research Institute. Au: Lewis, J. F; Gunn, B. M. Ti: A study of the effects of pollutants on the waters Ti: Aspects of the island arc evolution and and sediments of the Bay. magmatism in the Caribbean: Geochemistry of So: St. Thomas; College of the Virgin Islands; 1969. 49. some West Indian plutonic and volcanic rocks. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Transaction, 6th Caribbean Geological Confrence; 1: 171-7, 1971. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 214 Au: Hodges, C. ID: 218 Ti: A note on air pollution in Jamaica. Au: Chin, Myron W; Suite, W. H. So: In: Hudson, Brian J. ed. Conservation in Jamaica. Ti: Current Caribbean experiences with hurricane Mona, University of the West Indies. Department of disasters: some approaches to preparedness. Geography, 1970. 26-8. So: s.l.; s.n. 1990 Co: Symposium on Conservation in Jamaica; Kingston, Lo: UWI, St. Augustine , Library. 1970. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 219 Au: Edlyne, Edmund. ID: 215 Ti: Letter 1692 June 20, Jamaica to William Au: Jackson, Trevor A. Blathmayt. Ti: Geology and petrology of the volcanic rocks of So: Historical Review; 8:1971. Carriacou, Grenadines, West Indies. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. Pub:Kingston; University of the West Indies (Mona); 1970. 102. ID: 220 Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona) Au: Wade, Barry A. presented for the degree M.Sc. Ti: Marine pollution problems in Jamaica. Ab: The thesis reports on a geological survey of the island So: Marine Pollution Bulletin; 2(2):29-30, 1971. of Carriacou, Grenadines, with emphasis on the 26 Ab: Discusses the problems created by solid waste and ID: 225 wastewater discharge into Kingston Harbour, Au: Food and Agricultural Organization. Montego Bay and Ocho Rios and makes suggestions Ti: Groundwater surveys in two areas of the interior for improvement. Jamaica: appraisal report of the Martha Brae Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Valley, Trelawny. Pub:Rome; United Nations Development Programme; ID: 221 1971. Au: Cadbury, H. J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Quakes and earthquakes at Port Royal 1692. So: Jamaica Historical Review; 8:19-31, 1971. ID: 226 Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. Au: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Management Agency ID: 222 Ti: Report on the IDNDR Seminar: Disaster Au: Shepherd, John B. Prevention and the Media Ti: Volcano seismic crisis in Montserrat, West Indies So: NEMA News; Jun.-Jul. 1999: 4; 1999 1966-67. Co: Disaster Prevention and the Media; 4Nov. 1998 So: Bulletin Volcanologique Tome Fasci; 143-63, 1971. Lo: Trnidad and Tobago, National Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Management Agency.

ID: 223 ID: 227 Au: Shepherd, John B. Au: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Ti: A study of earthquake risk in Jamaica and its Management Agency influence on physical development planning. Ti: Guidelines for design and construction Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Town and Planning Department; Pub:Port of Spain; National Emergency Management Jamaica. Ministry of Finance; 1971. Agency; 1993. 7 Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency Management Agency. ID: 224 Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. ID: 228 Ti: Forestry development and watershed Au: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency management in the upland regions, Jamaica. Management Agency Plantation forestry: based on the work of A.F.A. Ti: To observe International Disaster Reduction Lamb. Day on October 10, 1990 the National Emergency Pub: Kingston; UNDP/FAO; 1971. 39. Management Agency held a colloquium on the Ab: This report describes work carried out on plantation Disaster Preparedness and Reduction at Port of forestry between January and May 1971 as part of a Spain City Hall forestry development and watershed management So: NEMA News; Jun.-Jul. 1999: 4; 1999 project. The geographical zones of Jamaica are Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency described and their potential forthe production of Management Agency timber in each considered. This review shows that much hardwood output already comes from private ID: 229 food forests wherever settlement occurs, that the Au: Robinson, Edward; Cambray, F. W. limestone hills are not productive and would be Ti: Physiography of the sea floor east of Jamaica. difficult and uneconomic for Government to manage Pub: Paris; United Nations; 1971. 285-9. for the production of either hardwoods or softwoods Co: Symposium on Investigations and Resources of the unless a market for charcoal develops, and this is Caribbean Sea and Adjacent Regions; Curacao, 18-26, unlikely. The shale and conglomerate areas have the Nov. 1968. greatest potential for commerial softwood timber Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. production if planted with pines but insufficient land is now controlled by Government for a large ID: 230 scale pine scheme. Consequently land acquisition will Au: Hunter, Ian G. be essential. Ti: Sediment production by diadema antillarum on a Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. Barbados fringing reef. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1971. 4. Ab: The tropical sea urchin antillarum, ingests a large amount of carbonate. Approximately 43 of this carbonate is reworked sand, as identified in this 27 section. The remainder is new sediment produced by Ab: Kingston Harbour is a multi-purpose resource with the grazing of the echinoids on the substrate. more than half a million people and a variety of Sediment production by the echinoids amounts to industries on its shores. Primary treated domestic approximately 97 tonn/hectare/year, and is probably sewage, raw industrial waste and run-off from the major sediment producer on the Barbados reefs. agricultural land discharge into the bay. Successive Approximately 65 of this sediment is very fine sand surveys since 1968 show a progressive deterioration to slit sized and is quickly winnowed out of the and the urgent need for a reduction of organic sediment. The remainder is fine to coarse sand and is pollution if the benthic fauna is not to be destroyed. probably the largest source of the sediment on the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. reef. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 237 Au: Wright, Raymond M; Dickson, W. R. ID: 231 Ti: Provenance of eocene volcanic sandstones - a Au: Roobol, M. J. preliminary note. Ti: The volcanic geology of Jamaica. So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 12(1-2):107-13, 1972. Pub: Kingston; Department of Geology, UWI; 1971. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. ID: 238 ID: 232 Au: Roobol, M. J. Au: Watkins, N. D; Cambray, F. W. Ti: The volcanic geology of Jamaica. Ti: Palaeomagnetism of cretaceous dykes from So: Caribbean Geological Conference; 100-7, 1972. Jamaica. Ab: Jamaican surface geology extends back to the Lower So: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Cretaceous. Lavas and pyroclastic material were Society; 22(2): 163-79, Feb. 1971. erupted throughout the Cretaceous and Eocene with Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division a final occurrence in the Miocene. Much of this activity was submarine producing pillar lavas and ID: 233 waterlaid buffs. The bulk of the material is andesitic Au: Cardy, W. F. G. and dacitic, basic rocks being less common. The Ti: Hydrogeological problems of the Kingston area, clastic sedimentary rocks of Jamaica consist largely of Jamaica. volcanic debris. The many conglomerates are Pub: New York; Queens College; May 1971. 235-7. composed almost entirely of lava fragments, Co: Transactions of the First Caribbean Geological while the extensive sandstone and shale formations Conference; St. Thomas , 1-5, Jul. 1968. are feldspathic, and contain small lava fragments. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. The Upper Cretaceous volcanism was restricted to the eastern half of the island and formed part of a ID: 234 volcanic belt separating the Antillean Geosyncline Au: Tomblin, Judith M. from the shallow shelf sea. The Eocene Ti: West Indian volcanic eruptions and the hazard to volcanism occurred only within the narrow Wagwater human populations. Trough between the Cretaceous shelf sea area and Pub: New York; Queens College; 1971. 147. the rising . There is a close correlation Co: 5th Caribbean Geological Conference; St. Thomas, 1- between the distribution of the ancient volcanic 5, Jul. 1968. centres and the hydrothermal mineralisation. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 235 ID: 239 Au: Lirios, J. E. Au: Wraight, Joseph. Ti: Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency maps for Ti: A climatic survey of . Barbados. Pub: sl; sn; 1972. Pub: sl; United Nations; 1971. Th: Submitted to Clark University, presented for the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. degree Ph.D. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 236 Au: Wade, Barry A. ID: 240 Ti: Increasing organic pollution in Kingston Au: Wade, Barry A. Harbour, Jamaica. Ti: Coastal water pollution in Jamaica with special So: Marine Pollution; 3(7):106-10, 1972. reference to Kingston Harbour. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1972. 22 28 Ab: The paper looks at the value of the coastline as a ID: 244 natural resource by examining the ways in which the Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. coastal waters are utilized. Ti: Forestry development and watershed Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. management in the Upland Regions, Jamaica. Economic study of the small hillside farmers in ID: 241 the Lucea/Cabaritta Watershed complex, based Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. on the work of C. Helman. Ti: Forestry development and watershed Pub:Rome; UNDP/FAO; 1972. 65. management in the upland regions, Jamaica. Ab: This report is the first of a series of economic studies So: Rome; United Nations Development Programme; carried out on small hillside farmers. The study was 1972. 30. carried out between April 1968 and March 1969 in Lo. Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. the selected Lucea/Cabaritta Watershed Complex, an area of about 21,000 acres in the north-east of the ID: 242 island, considered representative of the hilly Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. areas populated by small farmers. It comprised an Ti: Forestry development and watershed agro economic survey based on a detailed questioning management in the Upland Regions, Jamaica. of 194 farmers making up a 10 percent stratified Soil survey of the Lucea - Cabaritta Watershed sample of all farms within the watershed Complex: based on the work of J. Stark. complex. The study reports the results of the survey Pub: Kingston; UNDP/FAO; 1972. 47. covering the existing pattern of land ownership and Ab: This report describes the work carried out in a soil the present land use and related them to the cropping survey of the Lucea-Cabaritta watershed complex, pattern, the physical conditions of the land and approximately 21,000 acres in extent, between production of the chief crop, yams, and also August 1968 and January 1969 and April/May briefly reviews the pattern and economics of animal 1970 as part of a forestry development and watershed husbandry, in the area. It deals with employment and management project undertaken by the Government unemployment or under-employment problems and of Jamaica with assistance from the United Nations farmers' incomes by size groups, and examines the Development Programme (Special Fund) and availability of finance to farmers in the form of loans, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United subsidies, etc., and farm investment. Nations. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture.

ID: 243 ID: 245 Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. Au: Gray, K; Symes, G. Ti: Forestry development and watershed Ti: Forestry development and watershed management in the Upland Regions, Jamaica. management in upland regions of Jamaica. Parks and recreation in Jamaica based on the Pub:Kingston; United Nations Development Pogramme; work of E.F. Bullard. 1972. 35. Pub:Kingston; UNDP/FAO; 1972. 30. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture

Ab: This report describes forest parks and recreation studies carried out during January to March 1971 as ID: 246 part of a Forestry Development and Watershed Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. Management Project. As a result of these studies, Ti: Groundwater surveys in two areas of the interior two areas within the Blue Mountain and Cockpit Jamaica. Country forest reserves have been identified as of Pub:Rome; United Nations Development Pogramme; national park status and the recommended 1972. 55. boundaries of these parks tentatively shown in maps Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. on the 1:50,000 scale. Other areas mainly falling within forest reserves have been recommended as park and recreation areas of significant social and ID: 247 recreational value. The management practices Au: Spence, B. required, the resource aim foreseen and physical Ti: Natural hazards in Kingston waterfront and developments desirable for each class of resource are Portmore area. described.. Pub:Kingston; UWI, Mona; 1972. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

29 ID: 248 ID: 254 Au: Shepherd, John B. Au: Roobol, M. J. Ti: The particular problem of the Kingston area. Ti: The 1971-72 eruption of Soufriere Volcano, St. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1972. Vincent. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 13 26- Emergency Management. 35, 1973. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 249 Au: Goodbody, Ivan. ID: 255 Ti: Kingston Harbour, Jamaica- a problem in Au: Hardware, Thorant. conservation and development. Ti: Water water everywhere. So: In: Association of Islands Marine Laboratory, 8th So: Jamaica Journal; 7(3) : 20-2 Meeting; 8:1973. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The paper describes the physical features of the harbour and discusses the levels of productivity of ID: 256 the area. Mention is also made of the development Ti: Case report: Jamaica- tropical stroms. of the City of Kingston and its significant effects on Pub: Washington, D.C.; AID; 1973. the harbour regime. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Emergency Management.

ID: 250 ID: 257 Au: Horsfield, W. T. Au: Andersen, R. Ti: Late tertiary and quaternary crustal movement in Ti: Collection and disposal of solid waste for the Jamaica. island of St. Lucia. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 13:6-13, Pub: Geneva; World Health Organization (WHO); 1973. 1973. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 258 ID: 251 Ti: Development and management of water Au: Fletcher, R. resources Jamaica. Ti: Must Kingston go dry?. Pub: Kingston; United Nations Development Programme; So: Jamaica Journal; 7(2): 82 –5, 1973. 1973. 116. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council.

ID: 252 ID: 259 Au: Tomblin, J. F. Au: Food and Agriculture Organisation. Ti: Earthquake risk in Trinidad and Tobago Ti: Forestry development and watershed So: 7Trinidad; Trinidad and Tobago Insurance management in the upland regions : Jamaica : Associates; 1974. 22. interim report. Lo: Trnidad and Tobago, National Emergency Pub: Rome; United Nations Development Programme Management Agency. /FAO; 1973. 53. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 253 Au: Barnes, Elspeth S. ID: 260 Ti: Sewage pollution from tourist hotels in Jamaica. Au: Food and Agriculture Organisation So: Marine Pollution Bulletin; 4(7):102-5, 1973. Ti: Forestry development and watershed Ab: The aim of the investigation was to determine the management in the Upland Region, Jamaica. nature of the sewage wastes from hotel watershed management and soil conservation developments, methods of treatment, the activities in Jamaica. dispersal of these wastes and their effect on the Pub: Rome; FAO; 1973. 121. marine environment, specifically the coral reefs. A Ab: This report evaluates the present activities in Jamaica 160 Km stretch of coastline was chosen - the heart in the fields of watershed management and soil of the tourist belt extending from Montego Bay to conservation, as part of the studies carried out under Ocho Rios. The paper recommends some steps the Forestry Development Programme and the Food that might be taken to improve effluent quality as and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. well as piping sewage as far off-shore as possible into The report reviews extensively the background, deep water. watershed problems, policy, legislation, institutions Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 30 and past activities, and evaluates the technical aspects ID: 264 as well as the results of the present programme. The Ti: Watershed management and soil conservation formulation of a national programme in these fields, activities in Jamaica: an evaluation report. the prerequisites for such a programme and its Pub:Kingston; FAO; 1973. 120. potential effects on the economy are also briefly Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture.

discussed. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 265 Au: Deane, Compton; Thom, Myrtle; Edmunds, Henry. ID: 261 Ti: Eastern Caribbean coastal investigations (1970- Au: Depradine, Colin A. 73) : alternative sources of fine aggregate in the Ti: Some characteristics of hurricanes in the Eastern Eastern Caribbean. Caribbean. Pub: Port of Spain; Trinidad: Regional Beach Control Pub: sl; Caribbean National Institute; 1973. Programme; Sept.1973. ( 4) 107. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pr: Regional Beach Control Programme Lo: UWI, Science Library. ID: 262 Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Meteorological Service: Climatology ID: 266 Branch. Au: Deane, Compton; Thom, Myrtle; Edmunds, Henry. Ti: The climate of Jamaica. Ti: Eastern Caribbean coastal investigations (1970- Pub:Kingston; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1973. 73) : coastal processes erosion and accretion. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Port of Spain; Trinidad: Regional Beach Erosion Control Programme; Sept.1973. 3. 136. ID: 263 Pr: Regional Beach Control Programme. Au: Gupta, Avijit. Lo: UWI, Science Library. Ti: The effect of seasonal flow and high magnitude floods on channel form and stream behaviour in ID: 267 Eastern Jamaica. Au: Periera, John Pub: Baltimore; s.n. 1973. 289. Ti: Jamaica’s earthquake history and particular Th: Submitted to Johns Hopkins University presented for seismic risk in Port Royal. the degree Ph.D. So: Mitigation Link; 1 (1) : 2-3, 6, Jan. 1999. Ab: The Blue Mountains form the central massif of Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Council. Eastern Jamaica. The physical environments on both slopes of the mountains are similar except for the ID: 268 seasonal distribution of rainfall. The southern side Au: Edwards, Michelle has a distinct wet and dry seasonal regime whereas Ti: Mitigation. the northern slopes experience a more uniform So: Mitigation Link; 1 (1): 1 Jan. 1999. distribution. Comparison of a north slope stream (the Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Council. Buff Bay) with a south slope stream (the Yallahs) shows distinct differences in channel form and ID: 269 stream behaviour. The seasonal Yallahs has a wide, Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and shallow, flat-bottomed, braided channel with steep Emergency Management banks whereas the Buff Bay meanders in a deep, Ti: Seismic mitigation measures round-bottomed channel with sloping banks. So: Mitigation Link; 1 (1): 3 Jan. 1999. Tributaries join the Buff Bay graded to the main Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Council. stream, but unaccordant tributary junctions are found in the Yallahs. Similar differences are seen on a ID: 270 regional scale when one compares the North-flowing Au: Deane, Compton. streams with the south-flowing streams in Eastern Ti: Eastern Caribbean coastal investigations (1970- Jamaica. As the only gross environmental 73) : summary and recommendations. difference is the seasonal distribution of rainfall, the Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Regional hypothesis that streams in an area of seasonal rainfall Beach Erosion Control Programme; Sept. 1973. ( 1 ) have a characteristic channel form and behaviour is 36. accepted. Pr: Regional Beach Control Programme. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

31 ID: 271 ID: 278 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Horsfield, W. T; Roobol, M. J. Emergency Management Ti: A tectonic model for the evolution of Jamaica. Ti: Earthquakes in high rise buildings. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica So: Mitigation Link; 1 (1): 4-5 Jan. 1999. (Geonotes); 14: 11-36, 1974. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Council. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 272 ID: 279 Au: Jamaica. Manchester Parish Council. Ti: -witness accounts of two earthquakes, Port Ti: Report on existing flood and hazard mitigation: Royal 1687 & 1692. policies and plans for local response capabilities. So: Conglomerate; 73-4, 1974. Pub:Manchester, Jamaica; s.n.; 1998. 3. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Council. ID: 280 ID: 273 Au: Johnson, Nicole Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Earthquake risk in Trinidad and Tobago. Emergency Management So: Trinidad; NEMA, 1998. 4. Ti: Terms and conditions of operation for the Parish Lo: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Disaster Committee. Management Agency Pub:s.l.; ODPEM.; 13. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Council. ID: 281 Au: Taylor, L. O. ID: 274 Ti: The effects of earthquake loadings on soil Au: Deane, Compton. behaviour. Ti: Eastern Caribbean coastal investigations (1970- So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 5(1):3-32, 1974. 73) :protective and remedial measures. Ab: This paper presents the general status of knowledge Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Regional of the effects of seismic forces on the engineering Beach Erosion Control Programme; Sept. 1973.( 5) properties of soil based on an intensive literature 30. search. It is hoped that this paper will permit an Pr: Regional Beach Control Programme. understanding of soil behaviour under seismic Lo: UWI, Science Library. loadways so that the effects of localised soil conditions may be catered for with more confidence. ID: 275 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Deane, Compton; Thom, Myrtle; Edmunds, Henry. Ti: Eastern Caribbean coastal investigations (1970- ID: 282 73) : natural forces. Au: Clark, T. F. Pub:Port of Spain; Trinidad: Reagional Beach Control Ti: A geological model of the Lesser Antilles Programme; Sept.1973. (2 ) 80. subduction zone complex. Pr: Regional Beach Control Programme. Pub: sl; sn; 1974. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Th: Submitted to The University of at Chapel Hill presented for the degree Ph.D. ID: 276 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Surviving the hurricane – what damage can you expect. ID: 283 So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; 10: 1-2, Ti: Development and management of water Jun. 1987. resources Rio Cobre Basin, Jamaica: report Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library. prepared for the Governemt of Jamaica. Pub: Rome; UNDP/FAO; 1974. 195. ID: 277 Ab: The urban area of Kingston suffers from repeated Ti: An interview with Jerome Lloyd, National water shortages during prolonged periods of Disaster Co-ordinator, Dominica and the St. Catherine area is a convenient source of So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; 10: 6, water supply so that export of water from the basin is Jun. 1987. practiced. The possibility of further export from Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library. the basin to the Kingston area is currently under study as a possible alternative to more expensive schemes, but this depends on proof of availability of the required quantities of water. Uncontrolled 32 development of the water resources in this area has ID: 287 resulted in deteriorating water quality caused by saline Au: St. Lucia. Central Emergency Committee. intrusion. Thus, full knowledge of the available water Ti: Plan for the coordination of emergency action in resources is required so that proper management can the event of a major disaster - 1974. be assured. At present about 40-50 percent of the Pub:Castries; St. Lucia. Central Emergency Committee; water used in the area is from underground sources, 1974. 39. and this groundwater is expected to play a more Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster And Emergency dominant role in the future. The groundwater occurs Response Agency. either in alluvium or limestone aquifers, and an assessment of the availability of this water requires a ID: 288 knowledge of the lithology, geological structures and Ti: Think we are safe from a hurricane? Better think stratigraphy of these deposits. To provide this again, our luck could run out! information, geological investigations were carried So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; 10: 3, out over a two-year period. Jun. 1987. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library.

ID: 284 ID: 289 Au: White, A. U. Au: Rawley, Keith. Ti: Global summary of human response to natural Ti: The late-pleistocene pyroclast fall deposits of hazards:tropical cyclones. Soufriere, St.Vincent. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1974. 10. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies (Mona); Ab: This chapter deals with the hazard of Tropical 1974. 78. cyclones and the measures that people take in Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona) different parts of the globe in coping with their presented for the degree M.Sc. effects. There are many gaps in the information Ab: This study is part of an investigation carried out into available; nevertheless, important insights for the Lesser Antillian volcanic province. Its purpose is policy makers and scientists can be gained from an to survey the late Pleistocene pyroclasts with the aim examination of experience on a global basis. of understanding their distribution and petrogenesis Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. in so far as they relate to the volcanic history and possible future behaviour of the Soufriere ID: 285 volcano. Au: White, Gilbert F. Lo: UWI,Mona, Main Library. Ti: Natural hazards, local, national and global. Pub: New York; Oxford University Press; 1974. 288. ID: 290 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Tomblin, J. F. Ti: The Leewards Islands earthquake of 8th ID: 286 October, 1974. Au: McFarlane, Mary. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Seismic Ti: Phosphate soils on volcanic ash soils from St. Research Unit; 1974. Vincent. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Pub:St. Augustine; University of the West Indies (St. Augustine); 1974. 303. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (St. ID: 291 Augustine) presented for the degree PhD. Au: Brower, W. A. Ab: The phosphate status of volcanic ash soils was Ti: Environmental guide for the Mona Passage area: investigated by measuring sorption isotherms, Chang prepared for Commonwealth of Puerto and Jackson and `Available' P (Bondorff and Olsen) Rico/Office of the Governor. fractions. Some conclusions were (1) climate and age Pub: North Carolina; National Climatic Center; 1974. of soils appeared to be the major factors Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. influencing mineralogical constituents and therefore phosphate fixation (2) addition of silica, arrowroot ID: 292 starch and glucose amendments reduced P sorption Au: Bowden, Martyn J. only to a small extent (c) glucose was most successful Ti: Hurricane in paradise: perception and reality of at increasing soil solution P in an incubation the hurricane hazard in the Virgin Islands. experiment. Pub: St. Thomas; Island Resources Foundation; Jul. 1 Lo: UWI, St. Augustine Library 1974. 110. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 33 ID: 293 round-bottomed channel with sloping banks. Ti: The hurricane "Alma". Tributaries graded to the main stream join the Buff So: Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad & Bay, but unaccordant tributary junctions are found Tobago; 74(3): 243-7, Sept. 1974. in the Yallahs. Similar differences are seen on a Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. regional scale when one compares the north-flowing streams with the south-flowing ones in Eastern ID: 294 Jamaica. Au: Evans, J. C. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: A chronological list of hurricanes which have occured in the West Indies science the year 1493 ID: 298 with interesting descriptions. Au: Weaver, John D. ed. So: Natural Magazine; (1):397-453 & 524-30, 1975. Ti: Geology, geophysics and resources of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Caribbean. Pub: Kingston ; International Decade of Ocean Exploring; ID: 295 1975. Au: Araujo, L; Harnarine, R. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: A pilot survey into the problem of water vehicle air pollutionin Trinidad. ID: 299 So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 5(2):1-14, 1975. Au: Dames and Moore. Ab: Samples of air collected from selected sites which are Ti: Earthquake damage assessment, refinery scenes of heavy traffic conditions were tested for 2 facilities, St. Johns, Antigua, West Indies, West pollutants that are constituents of motor vehicle Indies Oil Company Ltd. exhausts, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides. It Pub: St. Johns; West Indies Oil Company Ltd; 1975. 25. was found that the air in one of the selected Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. locations is unsatisfactory by any criterion, and the air in some of the other sites may be close to threshold ID: 300 conditions. Suggestions were made as to long and Au: Mitchell, Nikola. short-term measures which can be taken to deal with Ti: Pollution, the painful price of progress. the situation. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(1):14+, 42-3, Nov. - Dec. 1975. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 296 ID: 301 Au: Tomblin, Judith M. Au: Lambie, Ian. Ti: Reconnaissance report of the Antigua, West Ti: Save the environment. Indies earthquake of 8/10/74. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(1):26-7, Nov. - Dec. 1975. So: Seismology Society of America; 65(6):1975. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 302 ID: 297 Au: Deane, Compton. Au: Gupta, Avijit. Ti: The gulf - that giant dumping ground. Ti: Stream characteristics in Eastern Jamaica, an So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(1):7-9, Nov.- Dec. 1975. environment of seasonal flow and large floods. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: American Journal of Science; 275: 825-47, 1975. Ab: This paper describes channel form and stream ID: 303 behaviour in a type of environment, that of seasonal Au: Williams, Ronald. tropics with periodic high-magnitude rainfall. The Ti: The state of our waters. area chosen for study is the Blue Mountains, the So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(1):10-3, Nov.- Dec. 1975. central massif of Eastern Jamaica. Both slopes of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the Blue Mountains display similar geology, relief, high annual rainfall, soils and land use, but the ID: 304 southern side has a wet and dry seasonal regime, Au: Ifill, Max B. whereas the northern slopes experience a Ti: Evaluation of damages caused by Grenada uniform distribution. Comparison of a north slope rainstorm and implications for economic stream (the Buff Bay) with a south slope stream (the development programmes. Yallahs) shows distinct differences in channel form Pub: Port of Spain; Economic Commission for Latin and stream behaviour. The Yallahs has a wide, America. Office for the Caribbean; 1975. 77. shallow, flat-bottomed, braided channel with steep Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency banks; whereas the Buff Bay meanders in a deep, Response Agency. 34 ID: 305 ID: 310 Au: International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Au: Reyes, Elma. Ti: Disasters: threat to social development Ti: Flood, sweat and tears. The lament of County Pub: New York; United Nations Department of Public Caroni. Information; 1995. 4. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(2):15-6, 37, 1976. Co: World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction; Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Yokohama, Japan, 23-27, May 1994. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency ID: 311 Management Agency Au: Lewis, C. B. Ti: Judgement cliff. ID: 306 So: Jamaica Journal; 10(2,3,4):61-3, 1976. Au: King, David B. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Coastline dynamics of Jamaica. So: Journal of the Scientific Research Council of Jamaica; ID: 312 4(2):1-20, 1976. Au: Akong, Al. Ab: Jamaica has a wide variety of types of coastlines. Ti: Land of the drive-in volcano. Some of its beaches are as beautiful as any in the So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(5):58-62, 64, 1976. world. However, beaches of various types are found Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. only about half of the coastline of the island. In most locations where there ae no beaches, the boundary between the land and the sea is a vertical ID: 313 wall where large waves break against rocky sea cliffs. Au: Roobol, M. J; Smith, Alan L. There are a few spots, however, where the boundary Ti: Mount Pelee Martinique: a pattern of alternating is very gradual and quiet and mangroves cover the eruptive styles. foreshore. These different types of coastlines often So: Geology; 4(9):521-4, 1976. occur very close together. To understand why Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. this occurs, one must understand the natural physical processes at work in the nearshore environment. ID: 314 This paper is intended as an introduction to this Au: Mohammed, Stephen topic. The approach is descriptive in nature rather Ti: Pollution control plan proposes harsh penalties than quantitative and no attempt is made to cover for offenders. the subject completely. The paper reflects a bias in So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(5):14-5, 1976. that the author is much more familiar with certain Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. areas of the coastline than with others. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 315 Au: Scott, Calford. ID: 307 Ti: Quarrying in Jamaica. Au: Tomblin, Judith M. So: Jamaica Journal; 10(2,3,4):80-5, 1976. Ti: Earthquake risks in Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 15; 16- 23, 1976. ID: 316 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Richardson, Mark.

ID: 308 Ti: The Blue River battle is lost. Au: Wright, Raymond M. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(2):8-10, 1976. Ti: Earthquake, risk and hazard. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

So: Jamaica Journal; 10(2,3 & 4):52-60, 1976. ID: 317 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: A Naturalist Investigation.

ID: 309 Ti: The lady young hill controversy. Au: Mohammed, Stephen. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(5):29-32, 1976. Ti: Environmental laws a matter of life and death. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(6):23, 1976. ID: 318 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: The rape of Lady Young. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(5):32-6, 1976. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

35 ID: 319 the mouth. CAPETELLA CAPITATA is useful as an Au: Millette, Emru D. indicator of high organic sediments. In 1968 it was Ti: Waste management. found only in (inner) Hunt's Bay, but in October So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(2):42-6, 1976. 1973 it had spread to the outer harbour where it was Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. collected along with SPIOCHAETOPTERUS.

Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 320 Au: A Naturalist investigation. ID: 324 Ti: When hills come tumbling down. Au: Naughton, Patrick W. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(6):41-3, 1976. Ti: The assesment of natural hazard risk as basic Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. tool in environmental land use management in

the Kingston Metropolitan area, Jamaica, West ID: 321 Indies. Au: Wright, Raymond M. Pub: Kingston; UWI, Mona; 1976. Ti: Earthquakes – risk and hazard. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Pub: Kingston ; Institute of Jamaica; 1976. 8. Emergency Management. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 325

ID: 322 Au: Guadeloupe. Bureau de la Protection Civile. Au: U.N. Office of the U.N. Disaster Relief Ti: Plan d'organisation de secours en cas d'eruption Coordination. volcanique: plan ORSEC - Eruption. Ti: Guidelines for disaster prevention: vol. 1 - pre- Pub: Basse-Terre; Prefecture de La Guadeloupe; 1976. 52. disaster physical planning of human settlements. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub:New York; United Nations; 1976. 93. Response Agency.

Lo: Jamaica, Uuban Development Coorporation ID: 326 Au: Jules, Carleen; Cowing, Mike. ID: 323 Ti: From environmental blight to model disposal Au: Wade, Barry A. sites: the solid waste disposal experience in St. Ti: Long-term monitoring of pollution in Kingston Lucia, West Indies. Harbour : Proceedings Association of Island Pub: Castries; St. Lucia Solid Waste Management Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, 11th Authority; 1999. Meeting, 1976. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Pub:s.l.; Association of Island Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean; 1976. 15. ID: 327 Ab: An average of 3,000,000 gallons of primary treated Au: Wadge, J; Eva, A. sewage enters Kingston Harbour daily, in addition to Ti: Geology and tectonic significance of the Sunning brewing wastes and other water-borne pollutants. Hill Inlier. Together, these sources supply 40 times the natural So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 17:1-15, nutrient level of the water in the harbour. 1977-8. Phytoplankton blooms are commonplace and in the Ab: Recent mapping in the Sunning Hill Inlier has relealed inner harbour the oxygen level is normally only 50 of a sequence of sedimentary and volcanic rocks with saturation. Changes in the benthic fauna have been north westerly strike, similiar to that of the Blue studied since 1968. In that year there were 15 spp. in Mountain Inlier. The sequence is at least 4km in samples collected in the inner bay, and 96 of the thickness and the fauna indicates a Campanian- specimens were the polychaete Mastrichtian age. A possible correlation with the SPIOCHAETOPTERUS. In the outer bay in 1968 stratigraphy of the Blue Mountain Inlier is suggested. 150 spp. were collected and the most abundant was The presence of Eocene Limestone of shallow water VENERIS (8). By 1974 only 78 spp. were found in facies, immediately overlying the Inlier, indicate that the outer bay and a single species accounted for 19 of there is a structural high at this time defined by syn- the total. Bivalves were conspicuously lost, while sedimentary faults. Additional geo-physical, nematodes were among invading taxa. Each year physiographic and tectonic evidence suggest that from 1968 to 1974 an "abiotic zone" advanced the Sunning Hill area is a part of a north westerly further from the inner reaches of the harbour toward trending structure that formed the eastern boundary of the Wagwater Trough. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

36 ID: 328 ID: 332 Au: Akong, Al. Au: Pagon, Rosemarie. Ti: Trail of the burning larva. Ti: Metropolitan Kingston's solid waste, quantity So: Trinidad Naturalist; 1(9):17-22, 1977. and composition. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1977. 9. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica.

ID: 329 ID: 333 Au: Tomblin, Judith M. ed; Robson, G. R. ed. Au: Aspinall, W. P; Shepherd, John B. Ti: A catalogue of felt earthquakes for Jamaica, with Ti: Modelling earthquake response of the , references to other islands in the St. Catherine Plain of Jamaica. 1564-1971. Pub:St. Augustine; University ofthe West Indies. Seismic Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Mining and Natural Research Unit; 1977. Resources. Mines and Geology Division; 1977. 243. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. ID: 334 Au: Ballah, Lennox. ID: 330 Ti: Political aspects of marine pollution and Au: Schroeder, William W. development of political awareness of marine Ti: Current and hydrographic characterization of the pollution problems. South Central insular shelf of Grand Bahama Pub: sl; Unesco; 1977. 217-35. Island. Co: IOC/FAO/UNEP International Workshop on Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1977. 6. Marine Pollution in the Caribbean and Adjacent Co: Third International Coral Reef Symposium; Miami, Regions; Port-of-Spain, 13-17, Dec. 1976. May 1977. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: A first order of descriptive characterization of the currents and hydrography of the south central insular ID: 335 shelf of Grand Bahama Island is made based on 17 Au: Food and Agriculture Organization months of observations. The observed currents Ti: Preliminary review of problems of marine consisted of three basic flows: (1) a primary, multiple pollution in the Caribbean and adjacent regions. day, W-SSW current which occurred over 50 percent Pub: sl; UNESCO; 1977. 2-28. of the time; (2) a secondary, multiple day E-NNE Co: IOC/FAO/UNEP International Workshop on current which ocurred less than 20 percent of the Marine Pollution in the Caribbean and Adjacent time; and (3) periods of highly variable currents Regions; Port of Spain, 13-17, Dec. 1976. which fluctuated on a time scale of hours. The Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. thermal character of the waters exhibited a typical tropical-subtropical northern hemisphere seasonal ID: 336 structure. The water column was generally well Au: Atwood, Donald K. mixed except during the water-warming spring Ti: Regional oceanography as it relates to present season when thermoclines would form. Salinity and and future pollution problems and living dissolved oxygen values were found to be resources- Caribbean. representative of tropical-subtropical western North Pub: sl; Unesco; 1977. 47-79. Atlantic conditions. Both varied during the study but Co: IOC/FAO/UNEP International Workshop on seldom showed any vertical structure. Marine Pollution in the Caribbean and Adjacent Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Regions; Port of Spain, 13-17, Dec. 1976. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 331 ID: 337 Au: Mood, Eric W. Au: Turnovsky, Jarmillar. Ti: Health aspects of coastal water pollution. Ti: Seismic survey -Hellshire Hills August- October Pub: sl; Unesco; 1977. 206-16. 1976. Co: IOC/FAO/UNEP International Workshop on Pub: sl; sn; 1977. Marine Pollution in the Caribbean and Adjacent Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Regions; Port of Spain, 13-17, Dec. 1976. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

37 ID: 338 ID: 347 Au: Naughton, Patrick W. Au: Pereira, John A; Turnovsky, Jarmillar. Ti: The hazards of the metropolitan area Kingston Ti: The Jamaican earthquake of February 26, 1978. environmental. So: Journal of the Scientific Research Council of Jamaica; Pub: Kingston; UWI, Mona; 1977. 5(1):8-23, Aug. 1978. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 339 ID: 348 Au: Turnovsky, Jarmillar. Au: Tomblin, John. Ti: The Jantech report on Portmore. Ti: Earthquake parameters for engineering design in So: Kingston; sn; 1977. the Caribbean. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit; 1978. 34. ID: 340 Ab: Seismological and geological data which serve as an Au: Jackson, Donald A. input to earthquake hazard determination in the Ti: The urban and engineering geology of Montego eastern Caribbean are reviewed, and a simple method Bay, Jamaica. is presented by which the data may be converted into Pub: sl; sn; 1977. peak ground acceleration values and plotted Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. either graphically as a function or recurrence probability and distance from active sources, or as ID: 341 iso-acceleration contours on maps. The extent of Au: Mattson, Peter ed. possible errors is assessed. Ti: West Indies Island arcs. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania; Dowden, Hutchinson & Response Agency. Ross, Inc.; 1977. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 349 ID: 342 Au: Wright, Raymond M. Au: Meyerhoff, A. A; Krieg, E. A. Ti: Earthquake risk in Jamaica. Ti: Jamaica petroleum potential 2. Five major cycles So: Kingston; Geological Survey Division; 1978. make up Jamaica in tectonic history. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. So: Oils and Gas Journals; (1):141-6, Sept. 1977. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 350 ID: 343 Au: Tomblin, John. Au: Nichols, Maynard. Ti: Eastern Caribbean seismic telemetry network. Ti: Water, sediments and ecology of the Mangrove So: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic Lagoon and Benner Bay, St. Thomas. Research Unit; 1978. Pub: sl; sn; 1977. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library..

ID: 344 ID: 351 Au: Hilton, Anne. Au: Nkemdirim, Lawrence C; Jones, Eleanor B. Ti: Bush fire: such is the folly of man. Ti: Flood regions in Jamaica. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(2):18-20, 1978. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1978. 1. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: This paper shows that flood potential regions in Jamaica can be derived from data on streamflow, ID: 345 rainfalll and drainage basin characteristics. The Au: Ramdial, Bal S. probability curves for each region may be used to Ti: Forest fires and wild life. estimate flood frequency in uncalibrated basins in the So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(4):22, 1978. region or sections of streams that are hitherto Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ungauged. The relationship between the annual average one day flood flow and the nstantaneous ID: 346 annual maximum flood is good enough to enable Au: Stevenson, Adlai. estimates of the latter to be made when only the Ti: Introduction to water pollution control. former is known. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(2):33-5, 1978. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

38 ID: 352 stresses the peculiar problems brought about by Au: McDonald, Franklin; Turnovsky, Jarmillar. the cultivation of agriculture on marginal hilly Ti: Physical development and associated seismic lands, under improper or inadequate soil risks in Jamaica. conservation measures, which as is to be So: Kingston; Geological Survey Division; 1978. expected, are resulting in serious soil losses Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. throughout and extreme degrees of erosion, siltation and sedimentation problems. ID: 353 Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture; UWI, Mona, Science Au: Carroll, Paul Michael. Library. Ti: Rio Cobre: a pollution case study. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies (Mona); ID: 359 1978. 162. Au: Pérez Monteagudo, Oraldo. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona) Ti: Fórmulas regionales de caudales de crecidas presented for the degree Master's. m ximas. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. So: Ingenieria Civil; 35(1):35-50, 1979. Ab: Expone los principios en que se basan las fórmulas ID: 354 regionales mas utilizadas actualmente, las de Au: Evans, Wallace. reducción y las de intensidad limite o racional. Se Ti: Study on solid waste management in the argumenta el limite fisico de los valores de los Kingston metropolitan region. módulos elementales de escurrimiento sobre la base Pub: London; Environmental Resources Ltd; 1978. 53. de factores meteorológicos, y se muestra un ejemplo Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council de como deben determinarse, en la pr ctica, las relaciones módulo de escurrimiento máximo versus ID: 355 rea de la cuenca. Lo expuesto permite verificar los Au: Pereira, John A; Turnovsky, Jarmillar. gastos m ximos determinados por huellas de Ti: The Jamaican earthquake of February 26, 1978. avenidas y los gastos obtenidos por grandes So: Kingston; University of the West Indies. Seismic extrapolaciones de la curva Q=f(H). Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Research Unit; 1978. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. ID: 360 Au: Wade, Barry A. ID: 356 Ti: The Portland Bight oil spill. Au: Biju-Duval, B; Mascle, A; Montadert, L; Wanneson, J. So: Jamaica Journal; 44-5 : 38-45, 1979. Ti: Seismic investigations in the , Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Venezuela and Grenada Basins, and on the Barbados Ridge for future IPOD drilling. ID: 361 So: Journal of the Royal Geological and Mining Society Au: Ossae, Stella. of the Netherlands; 57(2):105-16, 1978. Ti: The pollution of the greater environment. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(7):38, 1979. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 357 Au: Mofjeld, H. O; Wimbush, M. ID: 362 Ti: Tides in the and Caribbean Sea. Au: Vickers, D. O. So: Rome; Food and Agriculture Organization; 1978. 79- Ti: The rainfall of Jamaica. 102. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 18 5-27, Co: Symposium on Progress in Marine Research in the 1979. Caribbean and Adjacent Regions; Caracas, 12-16, Jul. Co: Water Resources of Jamaica; Kingston, May 1977. 1976. Ab: The role of rainfall as the sole input to the island's Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. water resources and its high variability in time and space are discussed. Various methods have been used ID: 358 to examine long term rainfall records and some Au: Stennett, H. R. results obtained are as follows: The distribution with Ti: Watersheds of Jamaica and considerations for an time is skewed and generally there are more ordinal scale of their development. years with lower normal than above normal rainfall. Pub Kingston; IICA; 1979. 77. Also two sucessive years of below normal rainfall Ab: This paper attempts to present some background usually occur more frequently than two consecutive information on Jamaica's watersheds and reviews years of above normal rainfall. At several locations in briefly the problems associated with them. The paper the eastern and southern plains a trend for decreasing ainfall over the past two decades have been 39 detected. The 1975-6 drought is the most severe since ID: 369 the very protracted drought of 1920-30 and the Au: O'Hara, Martin; Bryce, R. islands average rainfall for 1975-6 are lower than for Ti: Ground investigation of lots 34 and 35, St. those for 1967-8, when there was also a severe Catherine. drought. The island's rainfall for 1976 is the lowest Pub: sl; sn; 1979. annual rainfall since 1924. The importance of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. extremes of the rainfall is emphasized and the difficulties in predicting rainfall seasonally or for ID 370 other long periods is noted. Finally an outline is given Au: World Meteorolgocial Organization. Regional of the programme of rainfall enhanced by cloud Association IV. seeding. Ti: Hurricane operational plan. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Geneva; WMO; 1979. 70. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 363 Response Agency. Au: O'Hara, Martin; Bryce, R. Ti: A preliminary evaluation of the September 28, ID: 371 1979 landslide at Harbour View, St. Andrew. Au: Donaldson, L. A; Walters, M. O; Fernandez, B. Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Division ; 1979. Ti: Hydrological appraisal of damage in western Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Jamaica caused by the June 12, 1979 flood rains. Pub: Kingston; Underground Water Authority; 1979. 1-4. ID: 364 Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division; Jamaica, Office Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Ti: A study of coastline evolution and Management. sedimentology: the , Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies (Mona); ID: 372 1979. 233. Au: Nichols, Maynard. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona) Ti: Impart of storm flooding in the Mangrove presented for the degree Ph.D. Lagoon. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. Pub:Virgin Islands; Department. of Conservation & Cultural Affairs; 1979. ID: 365 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Caribbean disaster preparedness seminar. Pub: s.l; s.n; 1979. ID: 373 Lo: St. Lucia., Hunter J. Francois Library. Ti: June Flood - Western Jamaica. Pub:Kingston; Emergency Operations Centre; 1979. ID: 366 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Caribbean disaster preparedness seminar: Emergency Management. proceedings, issues and recommendations. Pub: Washington D.C.; US. Agency for International ID: 374 Development; 1979. 70. Ti: Magnitude of peak discharge associated with the Co: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Seminar; Castries, flood of June 12,1979. 10-20, Jun. 1979. Pub: Kingston; Water Resources Division; 1979. 4. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency. ID: 375 ID: 367 Au: Mc Donald, Franklin. Au: O'Hara, Martin. Ti: Preliminary notes on rain damage in Jamaica . Ti: Case studies of physical damage caused by the 12 Pub: sl; sn; 1979. June 1979 Flood Rains in Western Jamaica. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Divison; 1979. Emergency Management. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. ID: 376 ID: 368 Au: Pereira, John A. Ti: Distribution of supplies in flood areas. Ti: Report on earth tremor of July 19th 1979 near Pub: Kingston; The Agency for Public information; 1979. Hope Bay Jamaica. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1979. Emergency Management. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management. 40 ID: 377 ID: 384 Au: Jamaica. Alcan Jamaica Company. Au: Persad, Carolann. Ti: Report on Linstead Basin flooding. Ti: Pollution: the people have done it themselves. Pub: sl; sn; 1979. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(9):31-5, Mar./Apr. 1979. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Emergency Management. ID: 385 ID: 378 Au: Rowley, Keith C. Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Social Security. Ti: Soufriere: a volcano in the Caribbean Ti: Report on relief operations consequent of June environment. Floods in western Jamaica. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(9):19-25, Mar./Apr. 1979. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Social Security; 1979. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management. ID: 386 Au: US. Agency for International Development. Office of ID: 379 Foreign Disaster Assistance. Au: Draper, Grenville. Ti: National disaster planning and preparedness, Ti: The tectonics of the regionally metamorphosed government of Haiti: project proposal. rocks of eastern Jamaica. Pub:Washington D.C.; US. Agency for International Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, 1979. Development; 1979. 27. 277. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (St. Response Agency.

Augustine) presented for the degree Ph.D. Ab: This thesis attempts to describe the character and ID: 387 tectonic evolution of the regionally metamorphosed Au: Tomblin, Judith M. rocks of Jamaica, within the framework of modern Ti: Eruption of Soufriere Volcano, St. Vincent, 1979. structural geology. So: Scientific Report; (6):11-25, May 1979. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division.

ID: 380 ID: 388 Au: US. Agency for International Development. Regional Au: Naughton, Patrick W. Development Office for the Caribbean. Ti: Flood and landslide damage repair cost Ti: US. foreign disaster relief plan for the eastern correlation for Kingston, Jamaica. Caribbean. Pub: Kingston; s.n; May 1979. 11. Pub:Bridgetown; US. Agency for International Ab: Recent data supports the hypothesis that damage- Development; 1979. 54 repair cost caused by floods and landslides can be Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency directly related to a normal environmental event: Response Agency. precipitation. The cost is generally constant with some fluctuations due to extreme climatic ID: 381 activities. Recognitions of these relationships yield Au Shepherd, John B; Rowley, Keith C. valuable imformation for governmental fiscal Ti: Eruption of Souffriere, St. Vincent, 1979. planning. So: Scientific Report; (1):12-3, Apr. 1979. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division.

ID: 389 ID: 382 Au: US. Center for Environmental Assessment Services; Au: Tomblin, Judith M. University of Missouri-Colombia - Atmospheric Ti: Eruption of Soufriere Volcano St. Vincent, 1979. Science Department. So: Scientific Report; (2):12-6, Apr. 1979. Ti: Study of the Caribbean basin drought/food Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. production problem: final report. Pub:Washington D.C.; Agency for International ID: 383 Development; 1979. 200. Au: Hull, E. W. Seabrook . Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Oil spills: the causes and the cures. Response Agency. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(9):27+, Mar./Apr. 1979. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

41 ID: 390 ID: 397 Au: Farnum, F. C. Au: Caribbean Development Bank. Ti: Caribbean hurricanes: their climatology and Ti: Commonwealth of Dominica reconstruction related phenomena. mission: draft initial report. Pub: Bridgetown; CMI; 1979. 11. Pub: Bridgetown; Caribbean Development Bank; 1979. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 78. Response Agency. Ab: After the devastation caused by Hurricane David and Frederick to Dominica in 1979, CDB, with the ID: 391 agreement of the Government of Dominica, planned Au: Tomblin, Judith M. a joint donor mission to that country to Ti: Eruption of Soufriere Volcano, St. Vincent, 1979. examine the nature and to assess the extent of the So: Scientific Report; (7) , 30, Jun. - 3, Jul. 1979. damages done to various sectors of the economy. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. This paper reports on the findings of that mission and gives recommendations re financing and other ID: 392 aspects of a reconstruction policy. Au: Tomblin, Judith M. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Eruption of Soufriere Volcano, St. Vincent, 1979. Response Agency. So: Scientific Report; (10):6-27, Oct. 1979. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. ID: 398 Au: Pan American Health Organization. ID: 393 Ti: Emergency preparedness in the Caribbean and Au: Eyre, L. Alan . Central America: a project submitted to the Ti: June 12th 1979 flood disaster in Jamaica a Swedish International Development Authority satellite view. (SIDA). Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1979. 25. Pub: Washington D.C.; PAHO; 1979. 10, 47. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 394 Ti: A living relic of the Caribbean now destroyed? ID: 399 So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(12):44-9, Nov./Dec. 1979. Au: Pérez Monteagudo, Oraldo. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Acerca del problema de la protección contra inundaciones. ID: 395 So: Ingenieria Civil; 30(1):73-81, 1980. Au: Putney, Allen D. Ab: Realiza un bosquejo del estado de los conocimientos Ti: Development of a marine conservation actuales sobre los desastres naturales en general. Se programme in the wider Caribbean. résumen los tipos de desastres naturales relacionados So: Trinidad Naturalist; 2(12):70-2, Nov./Dec. 1979. con el agua para nuestras condiciones especificas. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Analiza las principales medidas de prevención, así como sus objetivos, tanto desde el punto de vista ID: 396 de la planificación física del medio como desde el Au: Caribbean Development Bank. punto de vista de las medidas estructurales Ti: Commonwealth of Dominica reconstruction (reglamentación de las construcciones y trabajos de mission: draft initial report. ingenieria). So: Bridgetown; Caribbean Development Bank; 1979. 30. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.

Ab: This is the second part of a report of a joint ID: 400 CDB/donor mission to Dominica after the Au: Berz, G; Voorduin, M. devastation of Hurricanes David and Frederick of Ti: David: the effect of a great hurricane. 1979. This volume comprises outlines of economic Pub: Schadenspiegel: Losses and Loss Prevention; 1980 details of development projects to be undertaken 89-93, with financial aid. Ab: Hurricane David caused havoc on several Caribbean Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency islands between the 28th August and the 3rd Response Agency. September 1979. The article carries several photographs showing damage wrought in the city of Santo Domingo and the port of Haira in the Dominican Republic. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. 42 ID: 401 ID: 407 Au: Wescott, W. A; Ethridge, F. G. Au: Richardson, Jane. Ti: Fan-delta sedimentology and tectonic setting. Ti: The influence of forest covering on aspects of So: American Association of Petroleum Geologists erosion and stream flow at Mount Airy, eastern Bulletin; 64: 374-99, 1980. Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 19: 35- 9, 1980. ID: 402 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Woodley, Jeremy D. Ti: destroys Jamaican coral reefs. ID: 408 So: Nature; 287: 387, 1980. Au: Bonnett, Jeremy. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Tourism master plan environmental considerations. ID: 403 So: Bahamas Naturalist; 5(1):25-6, 1980. Au: Naughton, Patrick W. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Jamaica's hurricane season. So: Weather; 35(9):280-1, 1980. ID: 409 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Wason, Alwyn T. Ti: Assessment of damage to buildings and infrastructure in Dominica and St. Lucia by ID: 404 Hurricanes David and Allen. Au: McDonald, Franklin. Pub: Ottawa, ONT; Wason Consultants Ltd; 1980. 95. Ti: Natural disasters and the West Indies: a review. Ab: Reviews the type and magnitude of losses to So: West Indian Science and Technology; 4(2):14-21, structures and public utilities following the impact of 1980. Hurricanes David and Frederick on Dominica and Ab: The Caribbean Region is among the more disaster Hurricane Allen on St. Lucia. Evaluates the prone areas of the world. The area is exposed to three extent to which those structures which were rebuilt of the major natural disaster agents - earthquakes, or repaired can be expeced to resist future hurricane volcanoes and hurricanes - a variety of other disaster damage. Describes and illustrates what alternative or agents which are generally less severe but are capable additional design and construction details might have of producing local divastation, among these are been incorporated at low cost to prevent or minimize floods, epidemics and other environmental future damage. accidents (eg. oil spills). The historical records reveal Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency that virtually every territory and major city in the Response Agency. region has been severely affected by one or other disaster type in the last 300 years. ID: 410 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Case report: Jamaica Floods June 1977. Pub:Geneva; United Nations Disaster Relief ID: 405 Organization; 1980. Au: White, Michael N. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Saline intrusion of the karstic limestone aquifer Emergency Management. in the lower Rio Cobre Basin, Jamaica. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 19:25- ID: 411 34, 1980. Au: Whittow, John B. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Disasters: the anatomy of environmental hazards. Pub: Harmondsworth; Penguin Books Ltd; 1980. 411. ID: 406 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Shepherd, John B; Aspinall, W. P. Ti: Seismicity and seismic intensities in Jamaica, ID: 412 West Indies: a problem of risk assesment. Au: Pereira, John A. So: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics; 8, Ti: Felt earthquakes in Jamaica, 1980. 315-35, 1980. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies. Seismic Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Research Unit; 1980. 28. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

43 ID: 413 hurricane, but which fortunately is partly controllable Au: Pereira, John A. providing the factors which give rise to it are Ti: Frequency of damaging earthquakes in Jamaica. understood. The central theme of this paper is to Pub:Kingston; University of the West Indies. Seismic demonstrate that the floods occuring, in the country Research Unit; 1980. 30. today, are related, more so, to soil and water Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. discharge arising from poor land management practices which are controllable than rainfall intensity ID: 414 which is beyond man's control. Au: O'Hara, Martin. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Jamaica, June 1979 flood: review of field investigation planning and procedure. ID: 419 Pub: sl; sn; 1980. 555-62. Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Co: Santo Domingo; 9th Caribbean Geological Ti: Report no. 1 on schools maintenance/ Conference; 1980. reconstruction, Dominica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: St. Michael; CDB; 1980. 68. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 415 Response Agency. Ti: Operations of the Dominica relief office: final report. ID: 420 So: Bridgetown; Prime Minister's Office; 1980. 11. Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Health and Social Security. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Disaster preparedness and relief plan for health. Response Agency. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Health and Social Security; Apr. 1980. 47. ID: 416 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Geddes, A. J. S. Emergency Management. Ti: Raw materials study of Hurricane Allen's affected areas. ID: 421 Pub: sl; sn; 1980. Ti: Caribbean regional guidelines for nurses and the Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. role of the nurse in disaster preparedness and relief: report of a regional workshop for senior ID: 417 nurses, selected health educators and community Ti: Report of the United Nations Disaster Relief development officers. Coordination on Floods in Jamaica, June 1979. Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO; 1989. 52 Pub: Geneva; United Nations Disaster Relief Co: Caribbean Regional Workshop for Senior Nurses, Organization; 1980. 17. Selected Health Educators and Comunity Ab: In June 1979, floods caused by torrential rains caused Development Officers on the Role of the Nurse in death and destruction in Jamaica. This report gives Disaster Preparedness and Relief; Bridgetown, 12-16, some background to the disaster and disaster May 1980. preparedness in Jamaica. The nature of the Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency disaster and the resultant casualties and damage are Response Agency. recorded. The response and relief effort on the part of the government of Jamaica as well as the United ID: 422 Nations system and other international and voluntary Au: Barbados. Central Emergency Relief Organization. agencies are reported on. A detailed list of Ti: Guidelines for district emergency organisation. contributions reported to UNDRO is given in the Pub: Bridgetown; Barbados. Prime Minister's Office; 1980. annex. 15 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster And Emergency Response Agency; Jamaica, National Library of Response Agency; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Jamaica. Information Center for Latin America and the Caribbean ID: 418 Au: Ramdial, Bal S. ID: 423 Ti: Soil erosion and floods in Trinidad. Au: . Central Emergency Organization. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 3(1):11-7, Jan. 1980. Ti: Hurricane plan for Belize. Ab: Trinidad, more so than Tobago experiences annually Pub:Belize City; May 1985. 22. experiences the natural phenomenon, of floods, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency which is equally distructive like volcanic eruptions, Response Agency. earthquake tremors, waves, and 44 ID: 424 ID: 426 Ti: Report of the United Nations Disaster Relief Au: Anderson, H. Dale. Coordinator on Hurricane David in Dominica 29 Ti: Report of Jamaica hurricane (UK) appeal fund. August 1979. Pub: sl; sn; 1980. Pub: Geneva; United Nations Disaster Relief Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Organization; 1985. 24. Emergency Management. Ab: Dominica was struck by Hurricane David on the 29th August 1979 and this report gives the background to ID: 427 the disaster, reports on the disaster itself and presents Au: Smith, Douglas T. the ensuing relief effort. A large amount of Ti: Principles of climate/crop yield modeling and emergency relief was provided to Dominica other agroclimatic assessment tools with following Hurricane David from other governments, operational procedures for agricultural Belize: the United Nations, national and international final report. voluntary service organizations, and many individuals Pub:Washington D.C.; Agency for International from nearby countries and around the world. The Development; 1980. 95. assessment of the relief effort concluded that the two Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency major problems were 1. the lack of advance disaster Response Agency. preparedness and prevention activities in Dominica and 2. the lack of adequate communications channels ID: 428 to and from the island. A third problem was the Au: Leitch, Errol. distance from the disaster scene of the Ti: Who are the polluters industry or government? responsible UNDP office in as this made So: Trinidad Naturalist; 3(6):22-4, Nov. 1980. their early direct involvement impossible. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 429 Au: Santos, Felix A; Block, Authur McB; Clements, ID: 425 Richard G; Rosa, Luis I; Banus, Mario D. Ti: Report of the United Nations Disaster Relief Ti: Natural environmental radioactivity Coordinator on Hurricanes David and Frederic measurements in Northwest Puerto Rico. in the Dominican Republic August/September So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 16(1-4):131-6, 1979. Dec.1980. Pub: Geneva; United Nations Disaster Relief Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Organization; 1980. 23. Ab: In late August and early September 1979 Hurricanes ID: 430 David and Frederick ravaged the Caribbean region. Au: Porter, Anthony R. D. David hit the Dominican Republic on 31 August and Ti: And the rains came in Western Jamaica June Frederic followed four days later with less intense 1979- some effects. winds but bringing week-long downpours and So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 20: 33- causing extensive damage which aggravated an 41, 1981. already disastrous situation. This also hampered both Co: Effects of June Flood Rains; Kingston, 27, Oct. 1979. damage assessment operations as well as rescue and Ab: Events and relief efforts connected with the flood relief efforts. Casualties and damage are rains that fell over Western Jamaica on the night of recorded. The response and relief efforts by the 12th June are briefly reviewed and some of the more government of the Dominican Republic, the United dramatic, and in many instances disasterous, effects Nations system and other bilateral and voluntary are summarized and illtrated. organisations are reported. Conclusions made are Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. that 1. the relief effort was able to cover most needs of the hurricane victims and undertake rehabilitation ID: 431 and reconstruction tasks in a reasonably short time Au: Leus, Y. C. Kintar; Bowman, V. and 2. the establishment of a local "United Nations Ti: Asthmatic Bronchitis association with a volcanic Team" allowed all agencies involved to carry out their eruption in St. Vincent West Indies. respective missions with maximum efficiency. So: Disasters; 5: 67-9, 1981. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency.

45 ID: 432 studies were made at Discovery Bay, where reef Au: Walker, Lance. populations were already known in some detail. Data Ti: Brief History and recollections of the Newmarket are presented to show how damage varied with the Lake since 1899. position and orientation of the substratum and with So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 20 : 1-2, the shape, size and mechanical properties of exposed 1981. organisms. Data collected over succeeding weeks Co: Effects of June Flood Rains; Kingston, 27, Oct. 1979. showed striking differences in the ability of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. organisms to heal and survive. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 433 Au: Knowlton, N; Lang, M. C; Rooney, P. A. ID: 436 Ti: Evidence for delayed mortality in hurricane Au: Ohlhorst, S. L; Liddell, W. D. damaged Jamaican staghorn corals. Ti: Hurricane damage to Jamaican coral reefs. So: Nature; 294: 251- 2, 1981. So: Geological Society of America; 13: 522, 1981. Ab: Severe tropical storms can cause widespread mortality Ab: The overall reef community structure was, for the in reef corals. The Caribbean staghorn coral, most part less affected than might be expected, ACROPORA CERVICORNIS, although dependent although much evidence of the storm (broken and on fragmentation for asexual propagation, is toppled coral heads, detached sponges and particularly vulnerable to hurricane damage. The gorgonians) was apparent. The severity of storm most important agents of post-hurricane mortality are damage tended to decrease with depth; however the assumed to be high wave energy and change in damage at any one depth was patchy. The percent salinity, factors which typically soon diminish in coverage of some organisms (e.g. fleshy algae, intensity. We report here that there was substantial coralline algae, corals) at certain reef sites did change delayed tissue and colony death in A. after the storm; however, the relative abundance CERVICORNIS on a Jamaican reef damaged by (ranking) of the various categories did not change Hurricane Allen. This previously undocumented significantly. The only consistent difference was the degree of secondary mortality, sustained for 5 months significant decrease in coral cover at all but the and unrelated to emersion, was over one order of deepest (30m) site. This was primarily due to the loss magnitude more severe than that caused by the of the branching coral, ACROPORA immediate effects of the storm. The elimination of 98 CERVICORNIS. Coral composition, as reflected by of the original survivors suggests potentially complex relative abundance and species diversity (H') changed responses to catastrophes, involving disease and little. predation, which may explain the widely variable rates Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of reef recovery previously reported. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 437 Au: Danaldson, L; Walters, W. O. ID: 434 Ti: Hydrologic aspects of the June 12, 1979 flood Au: Jones, Eleanor B. rains on Newmarket sub-basin. Ti: Geomorphological implications of the June 12, So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 20: 61- floods – a preliminary view. 77, 1981. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 20: 42- Co: Effects of June Flood Rains; Kingston, 27, Oct. 1979. 60, 1981. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Effects of June Flood Rains; Kingston, 27, Oct. 1979. Ab: The June floods of 1979 altered the landscape in ID: 438 certain sections of western Jamaica. An account of Au: Robson, G. R. the geomorphic effects of this flood is presented in Ti: An earthquake catalogue for the Eastern this paper. Caribbean 1530 - 1960 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Bulletin of Seismological Society of America; 54 (2): 785 – 832. 1964. ID: 435 Lo: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Au: Woodley, Jeremy D; Chornesky, P. A. Management Agency Ti: Hurricane Allen's impact on Jamaican coral reefs. ID: 439 So: Science; 214(4522) :749-61, 1981. Au: McDonald, Franklin. Ab: Coral reefs of north Jamaica, normally sheltered, were Ti: Some lessons for the scientific community from severely damaged by Hurricane Allen, the strongest the June 12 flood rain disaster. Caribbean hurricane of this century. Immediate 46 So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 20: 78- ID: 441 83, 1981. Au Blake, J. Theo. Co: Effects of June flood rains; Kingston, 27 Oct., 1979. Ti: The meteorology of the June 12 disaster. Ab: This paper attempts to briefly review some aspects of So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 20: 3- the flood experience and to further evaluate the 13, 1981. response to the transient phenomenon of the flood Co: Effects of June flood rains; Kingston, 27, Oct. 1979. by natural scientists in particular. A Ab: This paper deals with the synoptic and climatological presentation of this type cannot deal with all the components of the June 12, 1979 flood disaster in aspects of the flood relevant to natural scientists, but Western Jamaica. The synoptic component looks at such a comprehensive, scientific review of disaster the meteorological conditions prior to and during the events is advocated for the future as a part of a disaster and concerns itself with an analysis of the natural response to disasters. The major part of the various weather parameters- viewed collectively, paper review disasters within a famework of phases which formed the base for a forecast of the of disaster action and points out some of the action occurence. Meteorologically speaking, the climatology of scientist appropriate to each perceived phase. component deals with the end results of the Using this crude model, an attempt is made to occurence in the short rainfall. indicate some areas of concern and possible future Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. counter disaster action by posing a series of questions to the scientific community. Some general ID: 442 conclusions are drawn from the studies done after the Au: Pereira, John A. event. Ti: A review of historical earthquake activity of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Kingston using probability theory. Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1981. ID: 440 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Emergency Management. Ti: The flood disaster of June 12, 1979: A satellite overview. ID: 443 So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 20: 14- Ti: Aspects of hurricane effects on buildings in 32, 1981. Jamaica. Paper presented to seminar 30th Co: Effects of June flood Rains; Kingston, 27, Oct. 1979. anniversary of . Ab: This paper attempts an analysis of the June 12 flood Pub: sl; sn; 1981. disaster using remote sensing techniques, with the Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and addition of meteorological data supplied by the Emergency Management. weather services of both Jamaica and the U.S.A. The following have been utilized: (1) NOAA weather ID: 444 satellite imagery. This has a resolution of one nautical Au: Pereira, John A. mile (1.9 kms) in visible spectrum (daylight only) and Ti: Earthquake report: March 23, 1981. four nautical miles (7.6kms) in the infrared capable of Pub: Kingston; UWI, Mona; 1981. producing a nighttime image. (2) Hand-drawn Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. cartographic facsimiles of radarscope generated imagery. These facsimiles are made by the staff of the ID: 445 Meteorological Division in Jamaica from the Au: Naughton, Patrick W. radarscope facility at Cooper's Hill near Kingston. (3) Ti: Establishing the risk and priority for migration Verbal reports and summary of this radar imagery under disaster conditions for Kingston, Jamaica. observed at Cooper's Hill, including the location and Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; Mona; 1981. height of cloud tops. (4) Hemispheric and regional Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and synoptic weather charts at six hourly intervals, Emergency Management. including the upper air charts at mandatory levels. (5) Statistical data indicated in the bibliography. (6) ID: 446 Landsat colour-infrared composites (both Au: Bishop, A. transparencies and print), specifically authorized by Ti: Geomorphological effects: hurricane on NASA and taken on July 19, more than one month Jamaica's north coast. after the disaster, of the flood ravaged area. This Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; Mona; 1981. imagery has a satisfactory resolution of 100 meters in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the case of water bodies which show up strongly in the colour-infrared. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

47 ID: 447 ID: 451 Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Au: St. Lucia. Central Emergency Organisation. Ti: Hazard perception in the Tavern area of Hope Ti: National disaster plan. River: extract from a research paper. Pub:Castries; St. Lucia. Prime Minister's Office; 1981. 32. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies. Mona; 1981. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 22-38. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 452 Au: Pearson, C. ID: 448 Ti: Project proposal for Kingston geotechnical and Au: Oliver, J; Trollope, D. H. seismological study. Ti: Hurricane Allen: a post-impact survey of a major Pub: sl; sn; 1981. tropical storm. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Pub:Townsville; James Cook University of North Queensland. Centre for Disaster Studies; 1981. 63. ID: 453 Ab: Report is divided into two: Part one gives an overall Au: Guadeloupe. Bureau de La Defense et de la view of the events highlighting the structure and Protection Civile. behaviour of the storm and its effects; Part two Ti: Plan ORSEC cyclone: hurricane protection and describes the impact of and response to Allen, relief plan. looking at the meteorological history, counter disaster Pub: Basse-Terre; Prefecture de la Guadeloupe; 1981. 52 operations, evacuation, post-hurricane recovery. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Damage assessment is done for , Jamaica and Response Agency. St. Lucia. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 454 Response Agency; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Au: Byles, G. Information Center for Latin America and the Ti: Reflections on , 17th August , Caribbean 1951. Pub: sl; sn; 1981. ID: 449 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Jones, Mildred. Emergency Management. Ti: Hurricanes in Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Social Security; 1981. ID: 455 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: St. Christopher and Nevis. Ministry of Education, Health and Social Affairs. ID: 450 Ti: Disaster preparedness plan for health. Au: Rogers, Everett M; Sood, Rahul. Pub: Basseterre; St. Kitts and Nevis. Ministry of Ti: Mass media operations in a quick on-set natural Education. Health and Social Affairs; 1981. 38. disaster: Hurricane David in Dominica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Boulder; Univeristy of Colorado; 1981. 103 (Natural Response Agency. Hazard Research Working Paper). Ab: Research answers six questions: (1) what is destructive ID: 456 about mass media news gathering operations in a Au: Davis, C. Clinton. disaster?; (2) what are the media personnel's relations Ti: Report of consultancy on policy formulation for with local civil authorities and relief officials in the water legislation and management, Suriname, disaster area?; (3) how do the different media 2nd to 12th February 1981. cooperate in covering a disaster?; (4) what restraints Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO; 1981. 21. and bottlenecks impede the optimum operation of Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency mass media personnel in a disaster?; (5) how is the Response Agency. content of mass media coverage affected by mass media operations?; (6) what are the criteria by ID: 457 which the news value of a disaster is judged by the Au: Joseph, Anthony; Gaskin, Molly. mass media; who in a media institution determines Ti: The influence of air pollution on agricultural the news value of a disaster; and what items are crops. considered news worthy enough by the mass media So: The Naturalist; 3(8):34-7, Mar. 1981. to be included in their reports. Ab: The study of air pollution on plant life is nothing new. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency The literature about this subject is very extensive. Response Agency. Increase in industrial activities can result in danger to

48 agricultural production. This paper presents a Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and summary of the most important forms of air Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science pollution and their influence on the growth of plants Library. with particular reference to south Trinidad. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 463 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness ID: 458 Ti: Disaster preparedness and relief plan for health. Au: Oliver, J. So: ODIPERC News; 1(3):3-4, Jun. 1981. Ti: Nature and impact of Hurricane Allen - August Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and 1980. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science So: Journal of Climatology; 1 : 221-35, 1981. Library. Ab: Hurricane Allen threatened to be a storm of devastating potential in the Caribbean. Although it ID: 464 deepened on three occasions to the intensity of a Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. category 5 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Scale, its Ti: Jamaica national emergency operation center: track was such that the islands escaped the worst proposed standing operating procedures (SOP). possible effects. was the major cause of Pub:Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1981. 15. damage and this was compounded by wind and/or Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency rain effects. Forecasts gave a clear indication of the Response Agency. magnitude of the threat and, except in Haiti, loss of life was very small. The track, variations in intensity ID: 465 and the were predicted efficiently and errors Au: Chapin, Neil M. in track position were smaller than the longer period Ti: Report on mission to Jamaica, May 28 - June 10, averages for different forecast periods for other 1981. tropical cyclones. Pub: Richmond; Virginia Office of Emergency and Energy Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Services; 1981. 10. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 459 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness ID: 466 Ti: Hurricane - damage potential. Au: Vardi, J. So: ODIPERC News; 1(2):3, May 1981. Ti: Coordination of energy policy in the Caribbean: Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and preliminary report. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Pub: Washington D.C.; UNDP/World Bank; 129. Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 460 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness ID: 467 Ti: Hurricane Precautions. Au: I.U.C.N. Bulletin. So: ODIPERC News; 1(2):4, May 1981. Ti: Caribbean Conservation Plan in the making. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 468 Au: Pierera, John. ID: 461 Ti: Earthquakes in Jamaica. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):3, Jul. 1981. Ti: Hurricane season. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and So: ODIPERC News; 1(2):1, May 1981. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Library. Emergency Management.; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 469 Au: Jones, Mildred. ID: 462 Ti: Emergency relief. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):2-3, Jul. 1981. Ti: Disaster preparedness week. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and So: ODIPERC News; 1(3):1-2, Jun. 1981. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library. 49 ID: 470 situations, self-help actions and long-term, Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. comprehensive actions. Ti: Making contingency plans. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):1, Jul. 1981. Response Agency; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Information Center for Latin America and the Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Caribbean.

Library. ID: 476 ID: 471 Ti: Caribbean report conservation strategy. Au: Leitch, Errol. So: The Naturalist; 3(12):10-1, Nov. 1981. Ti: Pollution tax the only answer. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: The Naturalist; 3(10):7-8, Jul. 1981. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 477 Au: Woodley, Jeremy D. ID: 472 Ti: Woodley's article on Allen's impact on Jamaica. Au: Antigua and Barbuda. Development Control So: Science; 214(4522):749-54, Nov. 1981. Authority. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Building and land development regulations: Land Development and Control Act of 1977. ID: 478 So: St. Johns; Antigua. Ministry of Economic Au: Gibbs, Tony; Browne, Herbert E; Rocheford, B. A. Development Tourism and Energy; 1981. 39. Ti: Code of practice for wind loads for structural Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency design. Response Agency. Pub:Bridgetown; Barbados. National Council for Science and Technology; 1981. 83. ID: 473 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Dominica. National Emergency Planning Response Agency.

Organization. ID: 479 Ti: Disaster emergency plan. Ti: Seminar on maritime search and rescue in the Pub: Roseau; Dominica. Prime Minister's Office; 1981. 26. Caribbean, Barbados, 7-11 December 1981. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Geneva; IMCO; 1981. 223. Response Agency ; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Co: Seminar on Maritime Search and Rescue in the Information Center for Latin America and the Caribbean; Bridgetown, 7-11, Dec. 1981. Caribbean. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency

ID: 474 Response Agency. Au: Barbados National Standards Institution. Ti: National building code: plumbing. Pub: St. Michael; Barbados National Standards Institution; ID: 480 1981. 90. Ti: Environmental priorities for insular Caribbean Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency countries: suggestions for actions. Response Agency. Pub: Nairobi; UNEP; 1981. 49. Co: Expert Consultation Meeting on Environmental Priorities for Caribbean Countries; Bridgetown, 2-4, ID: 475 Dec. 1981. Ti: Improvement of vernacular housing in Jamaica Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes. Response Agency. Pub:Washington D.C.; Agency for International Development; 1981. 104. ID: 481 Ab: Surveys the vernacular housing of Jamaica and the Au: Rogers, Golden and Halpern. construction techniques/methodologies used; Ti: Hazards management study for the government suggests design changes, improvements in the of Jamaica: technical proposal. construction process, and improvements in the use of So: Washington D.C.; Agency for International local building materials that can make housing more Development; 1981. 148. wind and earthquake resistant, yet remain affordable Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency to the majority of people residing in these buildings; Response Agency. makes recommendations for dissemination of information on safe construction for emergency

50 ID: 482 Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1982. 11. Au: Rogers, Caroline; Suchanek, Thomas H; Pecora, Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica: 20 Años de Frank A. Desarrollo Hidráulico en la Revolución; Ciudad de La Ti: Effects of Hurricanes David and Frederic (1979) Habana, Nov. 1982. on shallow acropora palmata reef communities : Ab: Las afectaciones al cultivo de caña por inundaciones St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands. temporales o permanentes originadas por un drenaje So: Bulletin of Marine Science; 32(2):532-48, 1982. deficiente del rea, representan pérdidas posibles de Ab: The objectives of this study were to assess the storm evitar con la ejecución de proyectos de damage to the shallow St. Croix reefs, to document construcciones hidr ulicas para dar solución al the recovery of acropora palmata, to determine the estancamiento de las aguas en forma adecuada y con colonization of organisms on freshly exposed coral el mínimo de recursos a invertir. skeletal surfaces, and to better understand the impact Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. of storms on Caribbean reef community structure. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 488 Au: Huerta Graupera, J; Medina Prendes, R; Díaz ID: 483 Rodríguez, L. Au: Wright, Raymond M. Ti: An lisis de la inundación ocasionada por las Ti: Seabed mining: opportunities and problems. precipitaciones ocurridas entre el 18 y el 19 de So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 21: 22- Junio de 1982 en el este de La Habana. 53, 1982. Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1982. 16. Co: The International Seabed Authority its implications Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica: "20 Años de for Jamaica; Kingston, 20, Nov. 1982. Desarrollo Hidráulico en la Revolución"; Ciudad de Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. La Habana, Nov. 1982. Ab: Se caracteriza hidrológicamente el fenómeno ID: 484 ocurrido, en el que se registraron 700 mm de lluvias Au: Wade, Barry A. en menos de 24 horas y 596 mm en 12 horas, lo que Ti: The International Authority and its implication originó que se produjeran considerables for the management of Jamaica's coastal waters. inundaciones en un rea con condiciones So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 21: 63- hidrográficas muy homogeneas. Se hacen además 70, 1982. comparaciones con otras lluvias máximas registradas Co: The International Seabed Authority its implications en el país. for Jamaica; Kingston, 20, Nov. 1982. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 489 ID: 485 Au: Orbera, L; Ramírez, R; Chuy, T. Au: Shearer, Hugh L. Ti: Consideraciones para la investigación de la Ti: The challenges to Jamaica presented by the sismicidad en las regiones de ubicación de National Seabed Authority. construcciones hidrotécnicas e hidroenergéticas. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 21: 3-5, Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1982. 13. 1982. Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica: 20 Años de Co: The International Seabed Authority its implications Desarrollo Hidráulico en la Revolución; Ciudad de La for Jamaica; Kingston, 20, Nov. 1982. Habana, Nov. 1982. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Las construcciones hidrotécnicas e hidroenergéticas tienen características muy particulares y su ubicación ID: 486 en zonas tectónicas o potencialmente activas rompen Au: Jamaica. Town Planning Department. el equilibrio natural y provocan cambios en el Ti: A manual for development. régimen sísmico. Como en Cuba casi todas estas Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Town Planning Department; obras se proyectan en regiones sísmicas o 1982. 62. potencialmente sísmicas, es necesario realizar una Ab: Information to guide professionals and developers in serie de trabajos geólogo-geofísicos con el fin de the execution of land and building projects. estudiar las características sísmicas de los lugares de Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. construcción de las instalaciones hidrotécnicas e hidroenergéticas. ID: 487 Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Au: Díaz, A; Fernández, C.; Chávez, O. Disaster Medicine. Ti: Afectaciones agroeconómicas en reas de caña por drenaje deficiente; método de valoración. 51 ID: 490 general. En esta ocasión cobra más interés por Au: UNEP; ECLA. cuanto el ciclón Alberto resulta de unas características Ti: Development and environment in the wider muy superiores a los datos existentes en cuanto a Caribbean region: a synthesis. lluvia, gastos máximos, volúmenes del escurrimiento Pub: Geneva; UNEP; 1982,. e inundaciones que afectaron la parte oeste de la Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency provincia cubriendo la mitad del territorio. Response Agency. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. ID: 491 Au: Blanco, R; Agosti, E; Hernández, M. V. ID: 495 Ti: Drenaje urbano e inundaciones. Au: Zephirin, Manuelita. Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1982. 12. Ti: Institutional food service: a guide for disaster Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica 20 Años de preparedness. Desarrollo Hidráulico en la Revolución; Ciudad de La Pub: Port of Spain; CFNI; 1982. 39. Habana, Nov. 1982. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Expone que el objetivo fundamental del drenaje Response Agency. pluvial es evitar que las aguas escurridas producto de la precipitación pluvial causen daños a las personas ID: 496 y/u objetivos económicos, o dificulten su normal Au: St. Lucia. Central Emergency Organization. desenvolvimiento. Las acciones emprendidas más Ti: Instructions for emergency feeding. usuales son: obras de regulación y embalse, obras de So: Castries; Central Emergency Organisation; 1982. 8. canalización y rectificación de cauces naturales, obras Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency de conducción tales como canales, tuberías. Response Agency. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. ID: 497 Au: Méndez, M; Pujol, R; Felippe, M. ID: 492 Ti: Inventario de las reas agrícolas con problemas Ti: Guidelines, youth in disaster relief. de mal drenaje e inundación de la provincia de So: Geneva; LRCS; 1982. 49. Pinar del Río. Co: Disaster Relief Preparedness and Organisation of Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1982. 11. Youth; Nassau, April 1992. Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica 20 Años de Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Desarrollo Hidráulico en la Revolución; Ciudad de La Response Agency. Habana, Nov. 1982. Ab: Expone los pasos que se dieron y los resultados ID: 493 alcanzados durante la realización del inventario de las Au: Maynard, Patricia. reas con problemas de mal drenaje en la provincia de Ti: Hurricane preparedness: a booklet for schools. Pinar del Río. Pub: Bridgetown; Barbados. Ministry of Education; 1982. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster 15. Medicine. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 498

ID: 494 Au: González, L. Au: Empresa de Hidroeconomía. Ti: Obtención del hidrógrafo unitario instantáneo en Ti: Informe sobre los fenómenos una cuenca. hidrometeorológicos ocurridos durante el paso Pub: La Habana; s.n.; 1982. 18. del ciclón Alberto en la provincia de Pinar del Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica 20 Años de Río. Desarrollo Hidráulico en la Revolución; La Habana, Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; IH; 1982. 27. nov. 1982. Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica: 20 Años de Ab: Presenta un an lisis del método del hidrógrafo Desarrollo Hidráulico en la Revolución; Ciudad de La unitario instantáneo y un programa de computación Habana, Nov. 1982. que permite su fácil aplicación. Este método se basa Ab: Plantea que el informe se realiza como parte de la en la teoría del hidrógrafo unitario y resulta muy útil política de hidroeconomía de registrar todos los en el pronóstico de avenidas, sobre todo en cuencas fenómenos relacionados con la lluvia, el pequeñas donde se puede obtener el hidrógrafo escurrimiento y las inundaciones, su influencia en las característico de la cuenca y evaluar múltiples investigaciones hidrológicas, a los efectos de su alternativas futuras. aplicación para los proyectos de obras hidráulicas en Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. 52 ID: 499 ID: 505 Au: Republica Dominicana. Comision Nacional de Ti: Meeting on public awareness, Pan Caribbean Emergencia. Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project, Ti: Plan nacional de emergencia. St. Johns, Antigua. Pub: Santo Domingo; Dominican Republic. Office of the Pub:St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1982. 12 President; 1982. 157. Co: Meeting on Public Awareness; St. John's, 17, Feb. Lo:Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 1982. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency

Response Agency. ID: 500 Au: Towle, Edward L. Ti: Solid waste management in the Lesser Antilles. ID: 506 Pub: s.l; Island Resource Foundation; 1982. Ti: Averages and extremes of rainfall and other Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. elements. Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Climatological Section; Mar. 1982. 45. ID: 501 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Wagh, Arun. Ti: The effect of bauxite slime disposal on water resources of Jamaica. ID: 507 Pub:Kingston; University of the West Indies. Department Au Patterson, A. W; Diloreto, Ann. of Physics; 1982. 37. Ti: Report of the subregional workshop on hospital Ab: This report examines the water resources of Jamaica management of disasters, April 5-7, 1982. and the effect of various alumina plants on them. Pub: St. Johns; PAHO/PCDPPP; 1982. 53. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Subregional Workshop on Hospital Management of Disasters; Georgetown, 5-7, Apr. 1982. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 502 Response Agency. Au: Thomas, C. P. Ti: Tracing well water pollution in a limestone ID: 508 aquifer. Au: Smithsonian Research Reports. Pub: U.S.A.; American Water Works Association; 1982. 6. Ti: Development killing coral reefs. Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council. So: The Naturalist; 4(3):77, May 1982. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 503 ID: 509 Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Health . Au: Ramdial, Bal S. Ti: Workshop report primary health care/secondary Ti: The problems of solid waste and a few solution. health care linkages and emergency medical So: The Naturalist; 4(3):25-6, 30, 32, May 1982. services 18-21 November 1982 at Mammee Bay, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. St. Ann Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1982. 150. ID: 510 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Belize. Central Emergency Organization. Emergency Management Ti: Hurricane plan for Belize.

Pub: Belize City; Belize. Central Emergency Organization; ID: 504 1982. 26. Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Lo Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Barbados homebuilders guide to hurricane Response Agency. resistant design. Pub: Bridgetown; National Council for Science and ID: 511 Technology; 1982. 10. Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Amateur Radio Association. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Jamaica Amateur Radio Association message Response Agency. centre operation: standard operating procedures. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Amateur Radio Association; 1982. 25. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

53 ID: 512 ID: 515 Au: Haughton, P. W. Au: Pereira, John A. Ti: The Jamaican hurricane season changing the Ti: Draft proposals for vulnerability analyses and rhyme. structural hazard mitigation projects to improve So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 18(1-4):107-9, Jun. disaster preparedness in the Caribbean. 1982. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1982. 28. Ab: The hurricane season for Jamaica is usually said to be Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency shorter than it actually is. Throughout the Response Agency. Commonwealth West Indies, children’s rhyme is used as a guide to this shorter perceived season. Using ID: 516 over 300 years of data, it is possible to show that the Au: Pereira, John A. season lasts much longer and that the occurrence of Ti: Pilot study of the vulnerability of structures to all types of tropical cyclones is not randomly earthquake and hurricane risk in Antigua. distributed. Peak periods of greater activity are Pub: Kingston; PCDPPP; 1982. 83. present in late June, mid-August, and mid-October. Ab: Investigates ways by which the vulnerability of A new rhyme is introduced to comply with the structures could be assessed and examines the historical record. vulnerability of particular structural types to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. earthquake and hurricane risk. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 513 Response Agency. Au: Leger, Pierre R. Ti: Training course in water supply and ID: 517 environmental health aspects of disaster Ti: Report of the Caribbean hurricane research preparedness and management for Eastern meeting, July 1-2, 1982, Bridgetown, Barbados. Caribbean countries. Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO; 1982. 66. Pub: Washington D.C.; PAHO; 1982. 13. Co: Caribbean Hurricane Research Meeting; Bridgetown, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 1-2, Jul. 1982. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 514 Au: Granger, Orman E. ID: 518 Ti: Climatic fluctuations in Trinidad, West Indies, Au: Gersony, Robert; Jackson, Tony; Lynch, Raymond. and their implications for water resource Ti: Post-disaster damage and needs assessment: planning. eastern Caribbean methodologies for food, So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 17(1-4):173-201, Jul. shelter, and clothing. 1982. Pub: Washington D.C.; Agency for International Ab: The precipitation and temperature of Trinidad, West Development; 1982. 86. Indies, in the period 1921-66 have been investigated Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency for evidence of oscillations. Statistical methods Response Agency. including variance spectrum analysis are employed in the investigation. The results indicate that while there ID: 519 has been fluctuations in temperature resulting in a Ti: Caribbean training program on emergency rise of 4.8F between 1933 and 1958 and a decrease of preparedness and health management following 3.0F thereafter, oscillations in precipation have been disasters, 1 February 1982 - 31 August 1982: more significant. The evidence is strong for progress report. significant oscillations of 2-2.5, 5-6, and 15 year Pub: Washington D.C.; PAHO; 1982. 197. periods. The effects of these oscillations on the water Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency balance are discussed and the point is made that these Response Agency. oscillations, specifically in the dry-season precipation, ought to be considered by water resources and agri- ID: 520 business planners. Au: McDonald, Franklin. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Disaster preparedness update. So: GSJ Newsletter; 3(2):10-11, Oct. 1982. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

54 ID: 521 study, environment may be defined as all of the Au: Shepherd, John B; Rogers, Ingrid. surrounding conditions and influences that affect the Ti: Catalogue of intensities of earthquakes felt in the development of things living and non-living. Trinidad and Tobago region 1766-1982. Environmental law as a judicial corpus is in its Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies. Seismic infancy in Trinidad and Tobago; indeed in many Research Unit; 1982. 32 countries of the world. The recent attention that is Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency being paid to this branch of the law is a direct result Response Agency. of the deterioration of the human and natural environment on a global scale. The time is perhaps ID: 522 right therefore, to examine those laws which have the Au: Sealey, Neil E. capacity to control the manner in which we use our Ti: Conservation and the coast: potential hazard in resources and the activities associated with this the Bahamas. exploitation. This study is an attempt to arrange So: Bahamas Naturalist; 6(2):29-34, Dec. 1982. those laws which impinge upon our use of the Ab: The Bahamas marine environment is unique - environment into a co-ordinated whole. nowhere else is there such a large area of shallow Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. water (50,000 square miles) in such an amenable climate which is accessible to such a large group of ID: 525 people. Man's contact with this environment is Au: Underwood, J. R; Brewster, A. mainly through the coast. Here he builds his towns, Ti: Aircraft noise pollution near Piarco Airport, his docks, his homes, and his hotels, on the beaches Trinidad. themselves he spends much of his leisure time, and in So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 8(2):51-60, 1983. the offshore region he may also fish, or dredge for Ab: This paper describes the results of a survey of aircraft minerals. Necessarily all this activity has some effect noise associated with the operation of Piarco Airport, on the coast; much of it is harmless, but much of it is Trinidad. Projections of noise annoyance are carried potentially damaging. In view of the enormous out based upon likely increases in air traffic. It is economic and social value of this area, it is obvious concluded that, at present, the problem is not a that man must be careful not to destroy it. It severe one and that in the immediate future the level therefore follows that for every action he takes, he of annoyance may be kept within acceptable limits by must be well aware of what the consequences might minor restrictions of the take-off and landing paths be. suprisingly often this not the case, man may take and by suitable location of future housing. the coast for granted, or assume the responsibility Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. for its conservation lies with others, or be prepared to sacrifice it for short term gain. Sound conservation of ID: 526 the coast demands that we know what can normally Au: Dearden, Philip. be expected to happen without man, and that we also Ti: Anatomy of a biological hazard. know or find out what will happen when he uses it. So: Journal of Environmental Management; 17(1):47-62, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1983. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 523 Au: Newell, Granville R. A. ID: 527 Ti: Hurricanes and preparedness: notes for radio Au: Wescott, W. A; Ethridge, F. G. and TV announcers in the Eastern Caribbean Ti: Eocene fan delta- submarine fan deposition in area. the wagwater trough, east central Jamaica. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1982. 19. So: Sedimentology; 30: 235-45, 1983. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency. ID: 528 ID: 524 Au: Lugo, Ariel E; Applefield, M; Pool, D. J; McDonald, Au: Glasgow, Carl. R. E. Ti: A compilation of laws regulating the use of the Ti: The impact of Hurricane David on the forests of coastal environment. Dominica. So: In: Research report IMA/9/83; 1983. So: Canadian Journal of Forest Research; 13(2):201-11, Ab: A study of the environmental laws of Trinidad and 1983. Tobago raises the question - "What is environmental Ab: The impact of Hurricane David was measured 40 law?" The starting point in answering this question is days after it struck on 29, August 1979. Sixteen 1 the word 'environment.' For the purpose of this hectare plots were studied on a variety of slope and 55 exposure conditions, representing 3 life zones and 11 explotación. El diagrama de seguridad de una obra plant associations. constituye un medio de mucho valor para Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. conocer previamente la respuesta esperada del embalse, incluídas sus obras de vertimiento ante una ID: 529 avenida cualquiera, teniendo en cuenta diferentes Au: Glasgow, Carl. condiciones en el embalse al inicio y durante el Ti: A compilation of the laws regulating the use of transcurso de la transformación. the coastal environment. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine Pub: Chaguaramas; Institute of Marine Affairs; 1983. 66. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 533 Au: Mason, John. ID: 530 Ti: From survival to development: a self-help Au: Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management approach to community upgrading, Port-au- Programme. Prince. Ti: A report on a study of conservation and Pub: Washington D.C.; Cooperative Housing Foundation; development requirements for the south-east 1983. 31. Coast of . Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Vieux-Fort; ENCAMP; 1983. 107. Response Agency. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 534 ID: 531 Au: Wright, Christopher. Au: Gillett, Vincent; Provan, Maura. Ti: How Hurricane Flora affected Jamaica. Ti: Beach tar pollution on Maiden Cay, Jamaica. Pub: sl; sn; 1983. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1983. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ab: The location of Maiden Cay (3 Km offshore) in the Emergency Management. approaches to Kingston Harbour, and its close proximity to the shipping channel made it an ideal ID: 535 location to monitor beach tar pollution. Au: Seon, Kenneth. Approximately 250 ships/month enter Kingston Ti: Hurricanes a look at disasters in Jamaica. Harbour. Tar on the cay arises from tankers Pub: Kingston; sn; 1983. discharging oil into Jamaican coastal waters after Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and leaving port. The levels and rate of arrival of tar on Emergency Management. Maiden Cay were investigated. The specific gravity (SG) of beach tar balls was directly related to the sand ID: 536 content (r=0.92). Older tar balls tended to be heavily Ti: Informal meeting on assessment of health needs encrusted with sand and thus sank SG=1.3, and were following sudden impact disasters, Bridgetown, repeatedly transported in both longitudinal and Barbados, 28-29 April, 1983. horizontal directions across the beach. Newly arrived Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO; 1983. 11. beach tar had a lower specific gravity (SG=0.9), Co: Informal Consultation on Training for Rapid floated and was used to determine the rate of tar Assessment of Health Needs; Bridgetown, 28-29, arrival. The entire cay was swept clean of tar and Apr. 1983. debris and sampled by means of wide transects over Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 12 days. It is estimated that the mean rate of arrival Response Agency. of fresh tar was 1,4 g/m/d. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 537 Au: Barke, Phillip ID: 532 Ti: After the hurricane: linking recovery to Au: Asso Martínez, M; Rodríguez, B. sustainable development in the Caribbean. Ti: Diagrama de seguridad; su aplicación al Pub: Baltimore; John Hopkins University Press, 1997. conjunto hidráulico "Sán Julián". Lo: UWI, St. Augustine, Library. Pub: Santa Clara; s.n; 1983. 16. Co: Conferencia Científico-Técnica 20 Años de ID: 538 Colaboración Soviético-Cubana para el Desarrollo de Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Finance and Planning. la Hidráulica; Santa Clara, Jul. 1983. Ti: National building code of Jamaica 1983. Ab: La ocurrencia de períodos lluviosos hace necesario en Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Finance and Planning; reiteradas oportunidades tomar decisiones rápidas de 1983. 95. acuerdo a la transformación que sufrir la avenida Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council.; UWI, Mona, esperada en el embalse durante la construcción o la Science Library. 56 ID: 539 ID: 545 Ti: New hope for Haiti/ a prescription for Haiti’s Au: Haggstrom, Martin. health care system Ti: Water balance for the Great Morass of Negril and So: DHA News; 13: 37+, Jan. – Mar. 1995. the Lower Morass of the , Jamaica. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Swedish Meteorological & Hydrological Institute Management Agency. for Petroleum Corp. of Jamaica; 1983. 42. Ab: This study deals with the water balance of the Great ID: 540 Morass of Negril and the Lower Morass of the Black Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. River in Western Jamaica and is part of the Ti: National disaster plan, Jamaica. praparatory work for utilization of peat Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 94. resources. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency. ID: 546 ID: 541 Au: Wasserman, Ellen . Au: Hyppolyte, Paul. Ti: Workshop on incorporating disaster Ti: Report on solid waste management in the state preparedness in the currculae of Jamaica of St. Lucia. programs/institutions that training health Pub: New York; United Nation Development Programme personnel, 28 September through 2 October 1983, (UNDP); 1983. Ocho Rios. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Pub: s.l; s.n; 1983. 870. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 542 Emergency Management. Au: Douglas, James E. Ti: Small watershed experimental proposal Mt. Airy ID: 547 Region, Northern St. Andrew. Ti: Emergency first aid: a programme for Caribbean Pub: Kingston; UNDP/FAO; 1983. 12. communities - instructor's guidelines and Ab: The report discusses a 5 year extendable watershed students handbook. study designed to test hypotheses that in Jamaica as Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1983. 41. in temperate climate (1) removing forest cover Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency increases water yields (2) the increase for Pine is Response Agency. greater than for Hardwoods (3) if the forest floor is severely damaged during logging, overland flow and ID: 548 erosion will result. Au: Adams, Alfrico D; Gibbs, Tony. Lo: Jamaica, Ministry of Agriculture. Ti: Conceptual design and detailing of buildings for wind resistance. ID: 543 Pub: Kingston; [CERO]; 1983. 19. Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Ab: Wind effects are critical in the design of traditional Ti: Flood hazards and tropical karst: the Newmarket lightweight structures. The advent of lightweight syndrome. industrialized building systems increases the national So: In: National Council for Geographic Education. risks of wind damage in the Caribbean region. This Tropical Karst Landscapes Symposium: proceedings. paper attempts to identify the most important Kingston, National Council for Geographic structural considerations for buildings prone to wind Education, 1983. 12-18. damage. It also presents recommended detailing Co: Tropical Karst Landscapes Symposium: proceedings; procedures to ensure good building performance in Ocho Rios, 24th, October, 1983. high winds. Among the points dealt with are Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. cladding types and modes of resistance, bracing methods and effects, uplift effects on fixings, stability, connections, columns and foundations. ID: 544 Detailing recommendations are supported by Au: Wright, Christopher . previous studies and research observations which Ti: Tropical Storm Gilda. confirm the case for and against various methods of Pub: sl; sn; 1983. detailing for wind resistance. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Emergency Management. Response Agency.

57 ID: 549 Pub: Washington D.C.; PAHO; 1983. 123. Au: Dominica. Ministry of Health. Ab: Reviews the use and validity of various sources of Ti: Dominica disaster preparedness and relief plan data on traffic accidents in Guyana and Barbados; for health 1983. presents revised data on levels and trends in mortality Pub: Roseau; Dominica. Ministry of Health; 1983. 5. and morbidity resulting from traffic accidents; Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency provides cost data on hospitalizations for motor Response Agency. vehicle accidents; estimates changes in motor insurance loss ratios; describes particular high-risk groups, times and locations for road traffic death or ID: 550 injury; and reviews multi-sectoral features of existing Au: Grenada. Ministry of Health. national safety programs in the two countries, in light Ti: Plan of action and manual for management of of the regional strategies and plan of action for the health component in disasters (1983) - accident prevention. In addition, also reviews the corrected draft. CAREC study on factors involved in road traffic Pub: St. George's; Grenada. Ministry of Health; 1983. 34. accidents in Trinidad and Tobago. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 551 Au: Mignon, Glenn A. ID: 556 Ti: Report on the level of preparedness for Au: St. Hill, Leonard E. emergency in Grenada. Ti: Preliminary survey of vulnerability to hazards Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1983. 25. and appropriate measures for prevention and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency mitigation of disasters: report of mission of Response Agency. disaster prevention specialist. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1983. 107. ID: 552 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: George, Errol; Joseph, Bert. Response Agency. Ti: Emergency orders, Coolidge International Airport - Antigua. Pub: St. Johns; Antigua. Office of the Aerodrome ID: 557 Superintendent;1983. Au: Meganck, Richard A; Saunier, Richard E. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Managing our natural resources. Response Agency. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 4(8):16-23, 44-5, Mar.- Apr. 1983. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 553 Ti: Needs assessment following Hurricane Georges- Dominican Republic , 1998 ID: 558 So: Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report; 48(5): 112, Au: Mignon, Glenn A. Feb 1999. Ti: Report of the level of preparedness for Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency emergency in St. Lucia. Management Agency Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1983. 20. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 554 Response Agency. Au: Mignon, Glenn A. Ti: Report on the level of preparedness for emergency in Montserrat. ID: 559 Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1983. 29. Ti: Report of the second annual workshop on health Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency disaster preparedness, 11-14 April, 1983 for the Response Agency. Caribbean sub-region. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1983. 57. ID: 555 Co: Annual Workshop on Health Disaster Preparedness, Au: Storms, Doris. 2nd; St. Johns, 11-14, Apr. 1983. Ti: Assessment of needs and resources in the field of Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency prevention and treatment of traffic accidents in Response Agency. Guyana and Barbados, October - November

1982.

58 ID: 560 ID: 565 Au: Richards, Vincent A. Au: Williams, Ronald A. Ti: Survey of public awareness of disaster Ti: Environmental health aspects of tourism in the preparedness in Antigua and Dominica. Caribbean. Pub: St. Johns; Lurijos Management Consultants; 1983. 32. Pub: Kingston; Caribbean Tourism Conference; 1983. 16. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Caribbean Tourism Conference and Trade Response Agency. Exposition, 7th; Kingston, Jun. 14-17, 1983. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 561 Au: Mignon, Glenn A. Ti: Report on the level of preparedness for ID: 566 emergency in Anguilla. Au: Greenaway, C. Franklin. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1983. 16. Ti: Teaching unit on natural disasters for use with Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Grade 10 and 11 geography students in the Response Agency. Caribbean. Pub: Kingston ; University of the West Indies; 1983. 101. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies, Mona ID: 562 presented for the degree Dip. Ed.. Au: Jamaica Geographical Society. Ab: Main purpose of the unit is to develop in students an Ti: Land management in Jamaica. awareness of natural disasters that affect the So: Caribbean Geography; 1(1):70-1, May 1983. Caribbean islands and their effects on man. Students, Co: Land management in Jamaica; Kingston, 15, at the end of the teaching unit, would have Jun.1982. developed: (i) an understanding of the difference Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. between natural and man-made disasters; (ii) knowledge of the natural disasters which affect the

ID: 563 Caribbean i.e. hurricanes, volcanoes, earthquakes and Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. floods; (iii) an awareness of the effects that natural Ti: The influence of the land-sea breeze regime on disasters can have on a country's economy, beach erosion and accretion - an example from development and the lifestyles of its people; (iv) Jamaica. scientific and social attitudes; (v) certain skills such as So: Caribbean Geography; 1(1):13-23, May 1983. developing accurate powers of observation and Ab: Beach erosion and accretion on the Palisadoes, south- learning to report and record information accurately. east Jamaica, is a diurnal phenomenon, caused by Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency changes in wave form in response to the local sea- Response Agency. land breeze regime. Sea breeze generates destructive wave forms which removes sediments from the foreshore. These waves decay when the land breeze ID: 567 operates, and sediment is returned to the foreshore Au: US. Mission. by constructive wave action. For this meteorological Ti: Disaster relief plan. data are a satisfactory substitute for wave data in Pub: Kingston; US. Mission; 1983. 103. prediction of short-term beach erosion and accretion. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency.

ID: 568 ID: 564 Au: Hilton, Anne. Au: Outram, Clyde K. V. Ti: Environment or development the Third World Ti: Airport disaster preparedness. dilemma. So: In: Montego Bay; Inter-American Airports So: Trinidad Naturalist; 4(11):20-1, Aug. 1983. Conference; 1983. 3. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

Co: Inter-American Airports Conference; Montego Bay, 25-27, May, 1983. ID: 569 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Mohammed, Stephen. Response Agency. Ti: Housing and the environment. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 4(11):32-5, 41, Aug. 1983. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

59 ID: 570 ID: 576 Ti: Oil pollution and control. Au: Haggstrom, Martin. So: Trinidad Naturalist; 4(11):30, Aug. 1983. Ti: Frequency of floods at the Great Morass of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Negril and the Lower Morass of the Black River, Jamaica. Pub: Stockholm; Swedish Meteorological & Hydrological ID: 571 Institute for Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica ; Au: Smith, Henry; Ajayi, Owolabi. 1984. 20. Ti: Land use, runoff and recharge on selected Ab: Floods of different recurrence intervals have been watersheds in the U.S. Virgin Islands. estimated for a number of river and canal sections in Pub: St. Thomas; Caribbean Research Institute; Sept. 1983. the Great Morass of Negril and the Lower Morass of 62. the Black River. The purpose was to give Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. hydrological background data for a possible future improvement of the carrying capacity of the rivers and canals. The estimations were carried out on the ID: 572 condition that the river and canal channels do not Au: Goreau, Peter D. E. overflow. The estimates have been based on flood Ti: The tectonic evolution of the north central frequency curves for stream flow stations in western Caribbean plate margin. and central Jamaica. The method of frequency Pub: sl; sn; Sept. 1983. analysis of partial duration series of floods was used. Th: Submitted to Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. presented for the degree Doctor of Science. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 577 ID: 573 Au: Houston-Williams, Ann. Au: British Virgin Islands. National Emergency Advisory Ti: The effects of Hurricane Allen on beach reef Council. populations of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Ti: National disaster plan. So: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Pub: Tortola; British Virgin Islands. Office of the Deputy Ecology; 75(3): 233-43, 1984. Governor; Oct. 1983. 18. Ab: Sixteen months after Hurricane Allen, an assessment Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency of the condition (living vs. dead and encrusted) and Response Agency. volume of staghorn coral, Acrophora cervicornis

Lamarck, patches within the East Back Reef of ID: 574 Discovery Bay, Jamaica was made. Data generated by Ti: Convention for the protection and development this assessment were compared with similar data of the marine environment of the wider collected in 1975-1976 prior to the storm. Densities Caribbean region: protocol concerning co- of two urchins, Diadema antillarum Philippi and operation in combating oil spills in the wider Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz, and the threespot Caribbean region. damsel-fish, Eupomacentrus planifrons Cuvier, Pub: New York; UN; 1983. 25. within the coral patches were also measured. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Although staghorn coral patches were significantly Response Agency. smaller (-65) in mean volume in 1981 compared to 1975-1976, 22 percent of the patches were unchanged since 1976 or had increased in volume and only 9 ID: 575 percent were reduced to piles of rubble. Diadema Au: Jamaica Defense Force Coast Guard. and three-spot densities were significantly higher than Ti: The national pollution contingency plan for in 1976. Mortality of damsel-fish and larger Diadema Jamaica. appeared to have been reduced. Coral patches with Pub: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness; both damselfish and Diadema present exhibited a Nov. 1983. 60. high proportion of living coral tissue, while those Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and dominated by either damselfish or Diadema were Emergency Management. overgrazed with 5 percent of the substrata covered by living coral. Similarly, the fore reef exhibited high urchin and low damselfish densities, possibly contributing to its low proportion of living coral. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

60 ID: 578 ID: 584 Au: Cambers, Gillian. Au: Jamaica. College of Arts Science and Technology. Ti: Beach erosion study, Grand Anse, Grenada: Ti: Proceedings of the seminar on man versus the coastal dynamics. environment. Pub: Washington, D.C; World Bank/OAS; 1984. 99. Pub: Kingston; College of Arts Science and Technology; Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1984. 160. Co: Man versus the environment; Kingston, 5, Jun. 1984. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 579 Ti: Conference on hurricanes and tropical meteorology: post prints. Pub: Boston; American Meteorological Society; 1984. 64. ID: 585 Co: 15th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Au: Hoilett, Philemon. Meteorology; Miami, 9-13, Jan. 1984. Ti: Droughts in Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Proceedings of the seminar on man versus the environment. Kingston, College of Arts Science and Technology, 1984. 1-5. Sec. 11 ID: 580 Co: Man versus the environment; Kingston, 5, Jun. 1984. Au: Daniel, J. R. K. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Geomorphology of Guyana: an integrated study of natural environments. Pub: Georgetown; University of Guyana; 1984. 72. ID: 586 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Dixit, A. Ti: Effects of particulate pollutants on plants. ID: 581 So: In: Proceedings of the seminar on man versus the Au: Barbados. Central Emergency Relief Organization. environment. Kingston, College of Arts Science and Ti: Hurricane shelters 1984. Technology, 1984. 1-9. Sec. 3. Pub: Bridgetown; Barbados. Ministry of Education; 1984. Co: Man versus the environment; Kingston, 5 Jun. 1984. 41. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

ID: 587 ID: 582 Au: Fairbairn, Patrict W. Au: Fenton, Alison D; Jackson, Trevor A; Minnott, Ti: Jamaica's environment, 1984: an overview. Dennis A. So: In: Proceedings of the seminar on man versus the Ti: Natural resources assessment and development: environment. Kingston, College of Arts Science and a regional study in CARICOM countries. Technology, 1984. 1-7 Sec. 1 Pub: Kingston; Enerplan Ltd; 1984. Co: Man versus the environment; Kingston, 5, Jun. 1984. Ab: This study examines the status and level of science Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and technology development within 12 of the English-speaking CARICOM countries in the field of natural resources. Issues and problems which were identified as common to several territories of the ID: 588 region were discussed. Eight regional projects to Au: Irvine, Ranold A. address some identified regional problems have been Ti: Role of Ministry of Science, Technology & proposed. In the fourth chapter six regional Environment reguarding environment pollution proposals have been documented. & control. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Proceedings of the seminar on man versus the environment. Kingston, College of Arts Science and Technology, 1984. 1-4. ID: 583 Co: Man versus the environment; Kingston, 5, Jun. 1984. Au: Skoglund, Per-Olof; Peterson, Carsten. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Oceanographic investigations off the west coast of Jamaica. Pub: sl; Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; 1984. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 61 ID: 589 ID: 594 Au: Anderson, B. R; Cameron, Barrington F. Au: Dillon Consulting Ltd. Ti: Soil loss from Jamaica's hilly watersheds. Ti: Regional waste reduction, recycling, recovery & So: In: Proceedings of the seminar on man versus the reuse strategy & action program-final project environment. Kingston, Collegeof Arts Science and report. Technology, 1984. 1-6. Sec. 6. Pub: Castries; OECS Solid Waste and Ship-generated Co: Man versus the environment; Kingston, 5, Jun. 1984. Waste Management Project; 1999. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pr: OECS. Solid Waste and Ship-Generated Waste Management. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. ID: 590 Au: Carroll, Paul Michael. ID: 595 Ti: Water pollution in Jamaica. Au: De Romilly & de Romilly Ltd. So: In: Proceedings of the seminar on man versus the Ti: Model policy, legislation and regulation - final environment. Kingston, College of Arts Science and report. Technology, 1984. 1-4. Sec. 4. Pub: Nova Scotia; s.n; 1999. Co: Man versus the environment; Kingston, 5, Jun. 1984. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 596 ID: 591 Au: Punch, Ruskin; Chin, Myron W. Au: Grant, Aubery. Ti: Report on Trinidad and Tobago's programs and Ti: Report on natural hazard protection design policies for natural hazards design. techniques in Jamaica. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies; So: Kingston; The Jamaica Institute of Architects; 1984. Department of Civil Enginering; 1984. 230. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

ID: 592 ID: 597 Au: James, Carlton A; Fortner, Rosanne. Ti: Workshop report on shelter management and Ti: Resource manual for environmental evacuation procedures. communication. So: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 152. Pub: Bridgetown; UNEP; 1984. 93. Co: Shelter Management and Evacuation Procedures Co: Workshop for Educational Media Personnel in the Workshop; Kingston, 6-10, Feb. 1984. Caribbean Sub-Regional; Bridgetown, 6-8, June 1984. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pr: UNEP; Caribbean Action Plan Project on Response Agency; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Environmental Education and Public Awareness. Preparedness and Emergency Management. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 598 Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. ID: 593 Ti: East Caribbean countries hurricane shelters Au: Norman, Peter E. survey: St. Vincent. Ti: Sewage pollution of the coastal waters of Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1984. 83. Trinidad and Tobago. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1984. 21. Response Agency. Ab: This paper summarises the research done at Chaguaramas, San Fernando and Tobago between 1981 and 1983 to assess the impact of sewage ID: 599 pollution on the coastal waters. Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Lo: UWI, St. Augustine, Library Ti: East Caribbean countries hurricane shelters survey: St. Vincent: field survey notes. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1984. 182. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

62 ID: 600 ID: 606 Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Au: Leger, Pierre R. Ti: East Caribbean countries hurricane shelters Ti: Emergency resources planning. survey: St. Christopher-Nevis. Pub: Washington D.C.; Medical Care Development; 1984. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 55. 10. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Workshop on Emergency Planning for Response Agency. Environmental Health and Water Supply Services; St. Johns, 1984. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 601 Response Agency. Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Ti: East Caribbean countries hurricane shelters survey: St. Christopher-Nevis: field survey notes. ID: 607 Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 121. Ti: Workshop report on emergency planning for Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency environmental health and water supply services Response Agency. held in Antigua, 21-23 March, 1984. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 142. Co: Workshop on Emergency Planning for ID: 602 Environmental Health and Water Supply Services; St. Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. John's, 21-23, March 1984. Ti: East Caribbean countries hurricane shelters Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency survey: Dominica. Response Agency. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1984. 82. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 608 Response Agency. Au: Wason Consultants. Ti: Assessment of damage to buildings and ID: 603 infrastructure in Dominica and St. Lucia by Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Hurricanes "David" and "Allen": an analysis of Ti: East Caribbean countries hurricane shelters vulnerability and proposals for mitigating future survey: Dominica: field survey notes. losses in Caribbean countries. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1984. 355. Pub: Ottawa; Wason Consultants; 1984. 92. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 609 ID: 604 Au: Pan American Health organization. Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Ti: PAHO front line technical team in disasters. Ti: East Caribbean countries hurricane shelters Pub: Washington D.C.; Pan American Health survey: Antigua-Barbuda. Organization; 1984. 103. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1984. 56. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 610 ID: 605 Au: Naughton, Patrick W. Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership. Ti: Flood and landslide damage repair cost Ti: East caribbean countries hurricane shelters correlations for Kingston, Jamaica. survey: Antigua-Barbuda: field survey notes. So: Caribbean Geography; 1(3):198-202, May 1984. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1984. 164. Ab: Floods and landslides are recognized as two localized Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency hazards that affect Kingston, Jamaica. These low Response Agency. energy hazards results in recurring damage which requires yearly expenditure to correct. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

63 ID: 611 ID: 616 Au: Hagman, Gunnar; Beer, Henrik; Bendz, Marten; Au: Noel, Gloria E. Wijkman, Anders. Ti: Report of workshop on management of health Ti: Prevention better than cure: report on human services in disaster for health personnel. and environmental disasters in the Third World. Pub: St. Johns; Pan American Health Organization; 1984. Pub: Stockholm; Swedish Red Cross; 1984. 187. 20. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Workshop on Management of Health Services in Response Agency. Disaster for Health Personnel.; St. Johns, 9-12, Jul. 1984. Ab: Report on a four-day workshop on "Health Services ID: 612 Management in Disaster" for health personnel. The Ti: Report of the final meeting on Caribbean purpose of the workshop was twofold: 1) To maritime search and rescue. strengthen the knowledge and skills of health Pub: London; IMO; 1984. 52. personnel in the management of health services in the Co: Meeting on Caribbean Maritime Search and Rescue, event of a disaster, 2) To test the "Study Guide on Final; Caracas, 30, Apr. – 4, May 1984. Health Services Organization in the Event of a Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Disaster" developed for PAHO by the University of Response Agency. Wisconsin". The course was divided in to seven lessons, each with its own learning objectives. The ID: 613 topics discussed include: 1) Health care disaster plans Au: Martinique. Department de la Securite Civile. as part of an overall national disaster preparedness Ti: Plan d'organisation des secours en cas de plan; 2) Organization of the health system 3) cyclones on de tempetes tropicales (annexe Organization of first level care at the disaster site; 4) ORSEC - cyclone au plan ORSEC Organization of rural health services for disaster Departmental). situations; 5) Organization of health care facilities for Pub: Fort de France; Prefecture de la Martinique; 1984. disaster situations; 6) Implementation of the disaster 110. plan in a health care facility and; 7) Update and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency evaluation of hospital disaster management plans. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster ID: 614 Information Center for Latin America and the Au: Hadwen, Peter. Caribbean Ti: Drought relief in Antigua - May 14th-28th, 1984: mission report. Pub: Bridgetown; United Nations. Department of ID: 617 Technical Cooperation for Development; 1984. 40. Ti: CERO Seminar on shelter management in a Pr: UN. Department of Technical Cooperation for disaster setting. Development. Water in Small Islands of the Pub:Bridgetown; Central Emergency Relief Organisation; Caribbean Project. RLA/82/023. 1984. 114. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Seminar on Shelter Management in a Disaster Setting; Response Agency. Bridgetown, 20-24, Aug. 1984. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 615 Au: Environmental Solutions Ltd. Ti: The development and execution of project ID: 618 benefit monitoring and evaluation programmes Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention and waste management system monitoring and Project. evaluation. Ti: Procedural manual front-line team for Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1999. impact/needs assessment. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 37. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

64 ID: 619 emergency response at local, national and regional Au: Wason, Alwyn T. levels. In Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness Ti: Review of procedures for inspection of buildings has attempted to involve non-government in Jamaica. organizations and in particular, the Jamaican Pub: St. John's; PCDPPP; Aug. 1984, 52. insurance sector, in joint activities related to Hazard Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management. Suggestions for possible areas of Emergency Management; Barbados, Caribbean future collaboration are: improvements in insurance Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. sector security plans; improvements in response plans; sharing and development of technical data; identification of high hazard zones and development ID: 620 of mitigation strategies; support of appropriate Ti: Community involvement in disaster building standards and efforts to maintain the preparedness workshop. housing stock, appropriate capacity in the emergency Pub:Bridgetown; Central Emergency Relief Organisation; services; and promotion and support of disaster 1984. 79. awareness and safety programmes. Co: Workshop on Community Participation and Disaster Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Preparedness; Bridgetown, 12-14, Sept. 1984. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 623 Au: Wason, Alwyn T. ID: 621 Ti: Regional disaster preparedness and the Au: Burton, Carlisle; Wason, Alwyn T; McDonald, insurance sector. Franklin. So: In: Burton, Carlisle; Wason, Alwyn T; McDonald, Ti: Papers presented at the Meeting of the Insurance Franklin. Papers presented at the Meeting of the Association of the Caribbean. Insurance Association of the Caribbean. Kingston, Pub:Kingston; Insurance Association of the Caribbean; Insurance Association of the Caribbean, 6-24 1984. 31. Co: Meeting of the Insurance Association of the Co: Meeting of the Insurance Association of the Caribbean; Kingston, 9-12, Sept.1984. Caribbean; Kingston, 9-12, Sept.1984. Ab: Records the succession of natural disasters which Ab: Three presentations which focus on the role of have struck the Caribbean region back to the 16th insurance companies in disaster preparedness and century. Points out that any disaster occurrence disaster management in the Caribbean.. places a burden on the economy and the impact can Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency be measured by the State's ability to recover. Response Agency. Suggests therefore that disaster mitigation should be an economic planning function. Describes the Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention ID: 622 Project, which provides assistance to each Caribbean Au: McDonald, Franklin. state and the region as a whole, in developing Ti: Disaster management and the insurance sector: preparedness organizations and mechanisms, as well opportunities in the decades ahead. as providing technical cooperation on request. So: In: Burton, Carlisle; Wason, Alwyn T; McDonald, Prevention activities are highlighted particularly in Franklin. Papers presented at the Meeting of the relation to construction techniques, building codes, Insurance Association of the Caribbean. Kingston, costs, maintenance, insurance and aid. It is Insurance Association of the Caribbean, 1984. 26-31 recommended that insurance companies 1. insist that Co: Meeting of the Insurance Association of the buildings be properly maintained so that the value of Caribbean; Kingston, 9-12, Sept.1984. assets insured is maintained; 2. examine ways and Ab: National disaster management organizations and the means of encouraging the continuous upgrading of insurance sector are both concerned with the housing stock to increase their disaster resistance; 3. reduction of losses in future disaster events and with in financing new construction, should encourage the rapid recovery after the event. However, there adherence to building codes; and 4. encourage appears to be little meaningful dialogue between the research into building safety/durability to reduce two groups. The Caribbean has, since 1979, seen failures occurring from disasters. significant activities designed to promote better Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

65 ID: 624 ID: 628 Au: Burton, Carlisle. Ti: Maritime search and rescue symposium, St. Ti: Role of insurance companies in disaster Kitts, 22-26 October, 1984. preparedness. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 194. So: In: Burton, Carlisle; Wason, Alwyn T; McDonald, Co: Maritime Search and Rescue Symposium; Basseterre, Franklin. Papers presented at the Meeting of the 22-26, Oct. 1984. Insurance Association of the Caribbean. Kingston, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Insurance Association of the Caribbean, 1984. 1-4. Response Agency. Co: Meeting of the Insurance Association of the Caribbean; Kingston, 9-12, Sept. 1984. Ab: Definition of disaster is any occurrence involving ID: 629 massive social, physical and economic disruption. Au: Workman, Addison. Inevitability of disaster is accepted and a change of Ti: Report of survey of water collection systems at attitude is occurring among insurance personnel as Cedar Grove and Cassada Gardens, Antigua. well as economists and planners. Progress can be set Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 17. back by the onset of disaster therefore disaster Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency preparedness is an economic measure. Hurricane Response Agency. David in 1979 awakened governments, planning agencies, international organizations and bilateral aid agencies to the need to combat the effects of future ID: 630 disasters in the Caribbean. Preparedness and Au: Aiken, Karl A. particularly public awareness helps to Ti: Lobsters: their Biology and conservation in prevent/mitigate the effects of disasters. Jamaica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Jamaica Journal; 17(4):44-7, Nov.1984 - Jan.1985. Response Agency. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library.

ID: 631 ID: 625 Ti: Workshop report on emergency planning for Au: Key, David. environmental health and water supply services Ti: Construction problems for small buildings in held in St. Lucia 19-23 November, 1984. seismic zones. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 158. Pub: St. Johns; Construction Industry Workshop; 1984. 7. Co: Workshop on Emergency Planning for Co: Construction Industry Workshop; St. Johns, 16-18, Environmental Health and Water Supply Services; Oct 1984. Castries, 19-23, Nov. 1984. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 632 ID: 626 Au: Wason, Alwyn T. Au: Barbados Defence Force. Medical Troop. Ti: Improving building construction procedures in Ti: Disaster plan for responding to a mass casualty the Caribbean states. incident. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 32. Pub: Bridgetown; Barbados Defence Force; 1984. 78. Co: International Conference on Disaster Mitigation Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Program Implementation; Ocho Rios, 12-16, Nov. Response Agency. 1984. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 627 Ti: Preliminary report on the construction industry workshop held in Antigua, October 16, 17, 18, at ID: 633 the Barrymore Hotel, St. Johns. Au: Mignon, Glenn A. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 86. Ti: Report on the level of preparedness for Co: Construction Industry Workshop; St. Johns, 16-18, emergency in the British Virgin Islands. Oct. 1984. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1981. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. 66 ID: 634 de los gastos basados en la cantidad de lluvia y la Ti: Construction industry workshop for building intensidad máxima horaria de la misma. Se control officers. presentan ejemplos que permiten elaborar Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 11. monogramas para el pronóstico del gasto y Co: Construction Industry Workshop for Building determinación de las crecidas del río, así como el Control Officers; Roseau, 29, Nov. 1984. período de su aparición. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre For Disaster Medicine. Response Agency.

ID: 639 ID: 635 Au: Trinidad and Tobago. Ministry of Agriculture Lands Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention and Food Production. Project. Ti: Pesticide safety and the environment. Ti: Regional disaster and emergency So: Agri- News; 11(3):3+, 1985. communication network radio operator's Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. procedural manual; Reseau regional de communication d' urgence et de sinistre manuel de procedure pour l'operateur-radio. ID: 640 Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 48. Au: Griffith, Mark D. Ab: Provides guidance to the operators of the radio Ti: Remote sensing activities in Jamaica. stations in the Caribbean Regional Disaster So: Jamaica Journal; 18(2):46-56, May-Jul. 1985. Emergency Network. Emphasizes the procedures to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. be followed in the event of a hurricane disaster, but is also intended for the guidance of the operator in the case of any disaster, be it flood, landslide, earthquake, ID: 641 volcanic eruption or man-made disaster. Au: Taylor, L; Cameron, Barrington F. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: A review of watershed problems and Response Agency. programmes in Jamaica. Pub: Puerto Rico; Inst. of Tropical Forestry; 1985. 70. Lo: Jamaica, Minstry of Agriculture. ID: 636 Au: James, Carlton A. Ti: Training under Pan Caribbean Disaster ID: 642 Preparedness and Prevention Project with Au: CARICOM. emphasis on the Eastern Caribbean: needs, Ti: Administration and enforcement of the Code. recommendations and work programme for 1985. Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 1. 28. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1984. 52. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. ID: 643 Au: Antigua and Barbuda. National Disaster Committee. ID: 637 Ti: Antigua and Barbuda disaster plan. Au: Heppheimer, T. A. Pub: St. Johns; National Disaster Committee; 1985. 56. Ti: Earthquakes to come. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Mosaic; 16: 41-8, 1985. Response Agency. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. ID: 644 Au: Kidd, Roderick W. ID: 638 Ti: Coastal zone management: why are our beaches Au: Nikolov, P; Pérez Monteagudo, Oraldo; Villamil disappearing?. Martínez, A. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1985. 103-11. Ti: Modelo matemático para el pronóstico de la Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. avenida. So: Voluntad Hidráulica; 22(68):15-24, 1985. ID: 645 Ab: Analiza los factores determinantes en la aparición de Au: Davis, Rae. ed; Wagh, Arun. ed. crecidas pluviales en las regiones tropicales húmedas. Ti: Corrosion in Jamaica: proceedings of a Propone un modelo matemático para el pronóstico seminar/workshop. 67 Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1985. earthquakes and a positive gravity anomaly suggest Co: Seminar/Workshop on Corrosion in Jamaica; that magma exists at depth (6km) beneath the Morne Kingston, 10-11, Jan. 1985. Patates - Morne Plat Pays system and that the two Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. volcanoes are linked at a high level. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 646 Response Agency. Au: Shepherd, John B; Aspinall, W. P; Rowley, Keith C. Ti: Explosive activity at Soufriere Volcano St. ID: 652 Vincent, April 1979. Au: Wadge, Geoffrey. Pub: sl; sn; 1985. 463-6. Ti: Volcanic hazards at Morne Patates volcano, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Dominica. So: In: Wadge, G. Geology and volcanic hazards at Morne Patates Volcano, Dominica. St. Augustine, ID: 647 University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit, Au: Jacobs, Lenworth; Burton, Carlisle; Millington, 1985. 1-4. Neville; Gittens, Florence. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Feasibility study, Caribbean region mass Response Agency. casualty management. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP/PAHO; 1985. 41. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 653 Response Agency. Au: Grenada. National Emergency Relief Organization. Ti: Grenada national disaster plan 1985 - draft. ID: 648 Pub: St. George's; National Emergency Relief Au: UNDRO Organization; 1985. 16. Ti: Flood plain mapping: project revision. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Kingston; UNDP; 1985. 9. Response Agency. Pr: UNDP. Flood Plain Mapping. JAM/82/009/E /01/16. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 654 Response Agency. Au: Davenport, Alan G. ed; Surry, D. ed; Georgiou, P. N. ed. Ti: Hurricane wind risk study in the Caribbean with ID: 649 special consideration of the influences of Au: Ministere OES Relations Exterieures. topography. Ti: Garbage collection: feasibility study of the Pub:London; Commonwealth Science Council; 1985. 27. garbage incineration plant - St. Lucia. Ab: Constructs a hurricane wind risk map for the Pub: s.l; s.n; 1985. Caribbean. Also involves a preliminary investigation Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. of the relative wind flow patterns over one particular island, aiming to identify specific localities overly exposed to wind damage or sheltered from it. ID: 650 Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council. Au: Wadge, Geoffrey. Ti: Geology and volcanic hazards at Morne Patates volcano, Dominica. ID: 655 Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies; Seismic Au: Jamaica Bureau of Standards. Research Unit; 1985. 29. Ti: Jamaican standard specification for standard Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency hollow concrete blocks. Response Agency. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Bureau of Standards; 1985. 17. Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council. ID: 651 Au: Wadge, Geoffrey. ID: 656 Ti: Morne Patates volcano, Southern Dominica, Au: Geddes, A. J. S. Lesser Antilles. Ti: Landslide damage to Yallahs pipeline, Hope So: In: Wadge, G. Geology and volcanic hazards at River Gorge. Morne Patates Volcano, Dominica. St. Augustine, Pub: sl; sn; 1985. University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit, Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. 1985. 5-17 Ab: Morne Patates is the youngest volcano in Dominica. Vigorous fumarolic activity, swarms of local 68 ID: 657 ID: 664 Au: McDonald, Franklin. Ti: Pan Caribbean Workshop on design mechanisms Ti: Landslide disaster Millbank/Chelsea Areas, for reducing vulnerability to natural disasters. Portland April 1, 1985. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. 100. Pub: Kingston; Geological Survey Division; 1985. Co: Pan Caribbean Workshop on Design Mechanisms for Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Reducing Vulnerability to Natural Disasters; Port of Spain, 22-24, April,1985. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 658 Response Agency. Au: De Graff, Jerome V. Ti: Landslide hazard on St. Lucia, West Indies. ID: 665 Pub: Fresno, California; U. S. Department of Agriculture Au: Wason, Alwyn T. Forest Service ; 1985. Ti: Philosophy of earthquake resistant design for Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and small buildings in the Caribbean. Emergency Management. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO. Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project; 1985. 14. ID: 659 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Feuillard, Michel. Response Agency. Ti: Macrosismicite de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique. ID: 666 Pub:Saint Claude; Observatoire Volcanologique de la Au: Haiti. Organisation Predesastre et de Secours. Soufriere ; 1985. 349. Ti: Plan ORSEC cyclone 1985. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Port au Prince; Organisation Predesastre et de Response Agency. Secours; 1985. 40. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 660 Au: St. Lucia National Emergency Organization. ID: 667 Ti: National disaster plan. Au: Cuba. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Pub: Castries; Government Printery; 1985. Ti: Programa del II Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Lo: St. Lucia., Hunter J. Francois Library. Epidemiología. Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; Ministerio de Salud;1985. 156. ID: 661 Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; Au: St. Kitts and Nevis. Federal Emergency Relief Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. Organization. Ab: Detalla el programa de actividades del Segundo Ti: National disaster plan, 1985 - draft. Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, Pub:Basseterre; St. Kitts and Nevis. Office of the Prime realizado del 13 al 17 de Octubre de 1985 en el Minister; 1985. 124. Palacio de las Convenciones, la Habana-Cuba. Indica Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency día a día los temas tratados y los expositores Response Agency. respectivos. Comprende epidemiología, higiene del trabajo, higiene escolar, nutrición e higiene de los alimentos y desastres naturales. ID: 662 Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.

Au: Guyana. Civil Defence Commission. ID: 668 Ti: National disaster preparedness plan, Guyana, Au: Hartford, D. N. D; Mehigan, P. J. 1985 - draft. Ti: Rain induced slope failures in the Pub: Georgetown; Civil Defence Commission; 1985. 42. Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies = les Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency glissements de terrain par les conditions Response Agency. meteorolograpies Dominico In. IV International

Symposium on Landslides Toronto, Canada. ID: 663 Vol. 3. Au: CARICOM. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1985. 87-89. Ti: Occupancy, fire safety and public health Ab: Landslides which occur frequently in the highland requirements. regions of Dominica pose a serious threat to the road Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. 315. network and the traffic using it. The island is Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency geologically young and the residue soils are the Response Agency. 69 product of intense weathering of the parent rock. ID: 674 The predominant soil is of high plasticity and Au: CARICOM. comprises a wide range of particles including large Ti: Structural design requirements: reinforced and boulders. Valuable information regarding the soil prestressed concrete. properties and behavior was gathered by the authors Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec 6. 294. while working on a road design project. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency.

ID: 669 Au: Shepherd, John B; Beckles, David; Aspinall, W. P; ID: 675 Clarke, S. Au: CARICOM. Ti: Recent seismicity of the Trinidad/Tobago Paria Ti: Structural design requirements: structural steel - Penninsula Region. commentary. Pub: sl; sn; 1985. Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec.7C. 242. Co: Transactions of the Fourth Latin American Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Geological Conference; Port of Spain, 7-15, Jul. 1979. Response Agency. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 670 ID: 676 Au: Sociedad Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología. Au: CARICOM. Ti: Resúmenes de los trabajos presentados al Ti: Structural design requirements: structural steel - Segundo Congreso Nacional de Higiene y working stress design. Epidemiología. Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec.7B. 231. Pub: La Habana; Sociedad Cubana de Higiene y Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Epidemiología; 1985. 936. Response Agency. Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. ID: 677 Ab: Compendia las ponencias al congreso. Incluye temas Au: CARICOM. específicos sobre la epidemiología, métodos y Ti: Structural design requirements: structural steel - utilidad; higiene y saneamiento en centros de trabajo, limit states design. zonas urbanas y rurales y en caso de desastres Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec.7A. 231 naturales. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Response Agency.

ID: 671 ID: 678 Au: CARICOM. Au: CARICOM. Ti: Structural design requirements: block masonry. Ti: Structural design requirements: structural Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec. 4. 130. timber. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; Part 2, Sec.B. 90. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

ID: 672 ID: 679 Au: CARICOM. Au: CARICOM. Ti: Structural design requirements: dead load and Ti: Structural design requirements: wind load. gravity live load. Pub:Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec. 2. 84. Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec.1. 32. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 680 ID: 673 Au: Harris, Norman H; Rammerlaere, Marc. Au: CARICOM. Ti: The 1837 Millbank Slide and 1940 Chelsea Slide, Ti: Structural design requirements: earthquake load. Portland . Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1985. Part 2, Sec.3. 18. Pub:sl; sn; 1985. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency. 70 ID: 681 ID: 685 Au: Lawrence, Nigel. Au: Valencia, A. Ti: The impact of agrochemicals on the coastal and Ti: Consecuencias de las inundaciones sobre la marine environment. salud. Pub: Castries; CARDI; 1985. So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de Lo: UWI, Sir Artur Lewis Institute of Social and Higieney Epidemiolog¡a. La Habana, Ministerio de Economic Studies. Prevención Social y Salud Pública, 1985. Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; ID: 682 Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. Au: Garraway & Associates. Ab: En época de lluvias los ríos que conforman la cuenca Ti: Training assessment & programme design. del Amazonas tienen una enorme subida de sus aguas Pub: Port-of-Spain; s.n; 1999. que causan desbordes cuyas consecuencias durante el Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. año 1982 provocaron inundaciones en una vasta región del noroeste boliviano. El impacto de esta ID: 683 inundación fue comparada con otra sucedida en 1950 Au: Fernández Torres, Josefa; Cepero Martín, Jos‚ y produjo un grave deterioro en el sistema de Antonio; Trujillo Pérez, C.. servicios de salud y desorganización en las acciones Ti: Abastecimiento y control de la calidad del agua de socorro. Abarca el período anual, previo a la después de las catástrofes; zonas urbanas y inundación, al momento de la inundación, bajada de rurales. las aguas y recuperación, manejando como variables So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de la incidencia de enfermedades gastrointestinales, Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, Ministerio de infecciones respiratorias agudas, mordeduras por Salud, 1985. ofidios, malaria, desnutrición, densidad de vectores y Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; roedores. Los resultados permitieron: establecer y Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17 Oct. 1985. ensayar instrumentos sencillos, suficientemente Ab: El agua es lo primero que debe facilitarse en normalizados para obtener comparaciones; adiestrar condiciones higiénicas a las poblaciones afectadas por al personal de salud en el manejo e interpretación un desastre, siendo indispensable para el adecuada de esos instrumentos; establecer pautas de mantenimiento de la vida, pero es también un medio investigación en terreno para casos de inundaciones. importante de transmisión de enfermedades. Las Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. víctimas y el personal de socorro deberán tener prioridad en el suministro de agua potable y en ID: 686 cantidad suficiente, luego las zonas urbanas y rurales Au: Plasencia Concepción, D; Grillo Rodríguez, M. con población concentrada y dispersa. Expone los Ti: Control del estado nutricional en situaciones de métodos a seguir para mantener la calidad potable del emergencias. agua y la vigilancia y controles a implantar para So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de garantizar la misma. Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, s.n, 1985. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. ID: 684 Ab: Establece la metodología que sigue el Ministerio de Au: Laverde de B., L. A. Salud Pública en las emergencias nutricionales que Ti: Capacitación en vigilancia epidemiológica y pueden darse por los desastres naturales, como serian organización hospitalaria para la atención de huracanes, terremotos, etc., así como los originados desastres. por la guerra. Teniendo en cuenta que en cualquier So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de catastrofe, el propósito inmediato y básico es la Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, s.n, 1985. supervivencia, se plantean diferentes Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; recomendaciones nutricionales en diferentes períodos Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. de acuerdo al tiempo que dure la contingencia. Ab: Propone un seminario taller para la capacitación del Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. recurso humano, acorde con la situación epidemiológica de la población y el desarrollo ID: 687 tecnológico, con el fin de establecer el Comité de Au: Durán Cerdeiras, M. Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Atención de Desastres Ti: Higiene y salud ambiental en albergues y "COVID". La capacitación est dirigida a todo el campamentos temporales al producirse desastres personal profesional y no profesional de las reas de naturales. atención a las personas y atención al medio ambiente. So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, s.n, 1985. 71 Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; epizootiológica bien estructurado y organizado, Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. permitir conocer de forma continua todos los Ab: Expone las actividades organizativas y prácticas aspectos relacionados con la aparición y tendencia de higienico-sanitarias que se realizan durante la aquellas enfermedades incluidas en el sistema; en preparación de los albergues y campamentos consecuencia, existirán las informaciones temporales destinados al personal que se evacúa en fundamentales (morbilidad, mortalidad, frecuencia, presencia de un desastre natural y el cumplimiento de comportamiento de la población de vectores y otras) las medidas higiénicas al ser ocupados dichos que permitan detectar oportunamente las variaciones albergues y posterior a su evacuación. En las desfavorables que se originan y poder elaborar un condiciones de Cuba, los desastres naturales más programa de actividades contraepizooticas y frecuentes son los huracanes e intensas lluvias que antiepidémicas encaminadas a dar la adecuada pueden producir grandes zonas de inundación, de alli protección que requieren las poblaciones que se la necesidad de evacuar personal a lugares seguros y encuentran comprometidas. que estos sean albergados en las mejores condiciones Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. posibles. Esta situación esta asegurada fundamentalmente por el regimen económico-social ID: 689 existente, con la participación activa de las Au: Diaz Lombardo, G. B; Catalin Ojeda, A. S. organizaciones de masas y a través de estas todo el Ti: Manejo y atención de personas afectadas por el pueblo. Se tienen en cuenta nucleos poblacionales siniestro San Juan Ixhuatepec México; algunos de diferentes características y dimensiones, así como aspectos epidemiologicos. la participación activa de las Organizaciones de So: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de Masas, los Comites de Defensa de la Revolución para Higiene y Epidemiologia. La Habana, s.n, 1985. 1 v. la organización de la evacuación de la población que 1 v. p.1-845 sea afectada, la ocupación de albergues y la Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiolog¡a, 2; participación activa del personal de salud. Se Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17 Oct. 1985. consideran albergues fundamentalmente dotados con Ab: Describe el manejo y acciones que realizaron las todas las necesidades para cumplir su misión como diferentes instituciones de salud por etapas, desde la son: escuelas en el campo (ESBEC e IPUEC), de impacto y emergencia hasta la rehabilitación. escuelas primarias y otros. Presenta cuadros del total de personas lesionadas: Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. 962, resultando de primer grado 372, de segundo grado 696 y de tercer grado 216; el sexo masculino ID: 688 fue afectado en un 55.4 por ciento y el femenino en Au: Chávez Quintana, Pablo. un 44.6 por ciento. El grupo mas afectado fue el de Ti: Importancia de la vigilancia epizootiológica de 10 a 44 anos. Presenta datos sobre la región las zoonosis para organizar acciones sanitarias anatomica afectada que por orden de frecuencia en caso de desastres naturales. fueron: torax, extremidades toraxicas y extremidades So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de pelvicas. Incluye cifras sobre los 150 pacient. Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, s.n, 1985. Lo: CNICM; CENSA. Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. ID: 690 Ab: En la actualidad se conocen númerosas enfermedades Au: Rozenblat, E. E. transmisibles comunes al hombre y a los animales, en Ti: Simulación en los talleres de administración las que el proceso epidémico tiene su origen en los sanitaria en los desastres. reservorios animales, por constituir la fuente primaria So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de de infección o por participar como vectores en su Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, Universidad de propagación. Los desastres naturales dentro de un Buenos Aires, 1985. territorio pueden originar el desequilibrio del Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; ecosistema predominante y en consecuencia, Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. desencadenar un importante deterioro de la situación Ab: Sobre criterios obtenidos en un evento anterior, se higiénico-sanitaria, posibilitando que se produzca un considero por el 77,5 por ciento de los participantes incremento de la población de vectores y el en un post-test de evaluación a un seminario, que el desplazamiento de algunas especies de animales hacia ejercicio de simulación se debe adaptar para su otras reas, llevando consigo agentes etiológicos que utilización en los respectivos países. Se han realizado pueden influir negativamente en la situación adaptaciones a estas simulaciones, se han utilizado en epizootiológica de diferentes enfermedades de gran seminarios multidisc. interés dentro de la población animal y humana de la Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. zona. El establecimiento de un sistema de vigilancia 72 ID: 691 ID: 693 Au: Pérez Leyva, R. Au: Glass, R. Ti: Vigilancia epidemiológica, antes, durante y Ti: Epidemiologic surveillance following natural después de los desastres naturales. disasters; some practical approaches to disease So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de and casuality prevention. Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, s.n, 1985. So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2nd Congreso Nacional de Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, Center for Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. Disease Control, 1985. Ab: La magnitud de los transtornos del estado de salud de Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; una población determinada, después de la ocurrencia Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. de un desastre natural esta determinada en gran Ab: Luego de un desastre natural, tradicionalmente se han medida por el tipo de desastre, intensidad del mismo, empleado métodos epidemiológicos básicos para características de la población afectada, priorización analizar la mortalidad y morbilidad y evaluar las por parte del Estado del problema y recursos necesidades inmediatas de salud y medicina. El humanos y materiales destinados a la líquidación del epidemiólogo también debe prevenir la pérdida problema. El exito en mayor o menor escala radica humana. Se han determinado factores de riesgo para en la rapidez con que se elaboren, organicen y muerte y lesiones a base de encuestas luego de un ejecuten las medidas preventivas y antiepidémicas en Wichita Valls (1979), que han servido para necesarias para cada caso en específico. Para que esto tomar mejores medidas de prevención para futuros sea posible es necesario la existencia desde tiempo desastres. normal de un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. efectivo, que garantice en tiempo y forma detectar cualquier situación no habitual en el comportamiento ID: 694 de las enfermedades infecciosas, inicio de la Au: Cameron, Barrington F. implantación de un proceso infeccioso indeterminado Ti: A review of watershed problems and o la exacervación de un problema endémico. Los programmes in Jamaica. cambios higiénicos-sanitarios y ecológicos que se So: In: Lugo, Ariel E. ed; Rudder, Joy. ed. Watershed pueden producir después de la ocurrencia de los management in the Caribbean. s.l., s.n., 1985. 41-7 desastres naturales pueden ser de diversa intensidad y Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. gravedad e influyen directamente en cualquier problema de salud. Uno de los elementos b sicos de ID: 695 mayor importancia para este sistema de vigilancia es Au: Dissmeyer, George E. el conocimiento de la situación creada, para lo cual es Ti: Forest watershed management in the Caribbean. necesario contar con un sistema de información So: In: Lugo, Ariel E. ed; Brown, Sandra. ed. Watershed único estable y confiable estructurado en tres etapas, management in the Caribbean. s.l., s.n., 1985. 68-87. antes, durante y después de la afectación. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. ID: 696 ID: 692 Au: Curtis, Russell E. Au: Russac Poves, P. Ti: Hydrologic characteristics of island watersheds Ti: Vigilancia epidemiológica; epidemia de malaria and suggestions for their management. post-fenómeno del Niño en 1983. So: In: Lugo, Ariel E. ed; Brown, Sandra. ed. Watershed So: In: Trabajos presentados al 2o Congreso Nacional de management in the Caribbean. s.l., s.n., 1985. 62-7. Higiene y Epidemiología. La Habana, s.n, 1985. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Congreso Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiología, 2; Ciudad de La Habana, 13-17, Oct. 1985. ID: 697 Ab: Señala y describe los principales focos de malaria en Au: Liegel, Leon H. el Perú, asociándolos a las características climáticas y Ti: Issues of plantation forestry in watershed geográficas del país. Se nombran los principales management on small Caribbean islands in the vectores de la malaria y se hace hincapi‚ en el 1980's. fenómeno ocurrido en 1983 en los departamentos de So: In: Lugo, Ariel E. ed; Brown, Sandra. ed. Watershed Piura y Tumbes, describiendo sus desastrosos efectos management in the Caribbean. s.l., s.n., 1985. 147-154 sobre la salud de los habitantes. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.

73 ID: 698 ID: 703 Au: Lugo, Ariel E. Au: de Fernicola, Nilda. Ti: Principles of sound watershed management. Ti: Marine pollution in the wider Caribbean. So: In: Lugo, Ariel E. ed; Brown, Sandra. ed. Watershed So: The Naturalist; 5(12):7&9, Jan. - Feb. 1985. management in the Caribbean. s.l., s.n., 1985. 11-6 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 704 ID: 699 Au: Ellwood, Elsie E. Au: Thomas, Augustus R. Ti: Tidal waves and all that. Ti: Watershed management in Grenada. So: GSJ Newsletter; 5(3):2-3, Jan. 1985. So: In: Lugo, Ariel E. ed; Brown, Sandra. ed. Watershed Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. management in the Caribbean. s.l., s.n., 1985. 22-6. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 705 Au: Johnson, W. Bruce. ID: 700 Ti: Coastal zone management Kingston region: from Au: Lugo, Ariel E; Brown, Sandra. the mouth of the , Clarendon Parish to Ti: Watershed management in the Caribbean: the Yallahs Salt Ponds, St.Thomas Parish. proceedings of the second workshop of Pub: Kingston; Town Planning Department; Jan. 1985. Caribbean foresters. 127 So: Rio Piedras; Institute of Tropical Forestry; 1985. 157 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Co: Second Workshop of the Caribbean Foresters; Emergency Management. Kingstown, 1985. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 706 Au: British Virgin Islands. National Emergency Advisory ID: 701 Council. Au: Méndez, M. A. Ti: National disaster plan. Ti: Aspectos que se han de considerar para el Pub: Tortola; British Virgin. Islands. Office of the Deputy estudio de las reas agrícolas con problemas de Governor; Oct. 1985. 22 mal drenaje, inundación o ambas. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Ciencia y técnica en la agricultura. Riego y drenaje; Response Agency. 8(1):53-79, 1985. Ab: Describe la secuencia de trabajos que deben realizarse para conocer la situación de maldrenaje, inundación, ID: 707 o ambos que presenta un rea agrícola cualquiera. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Atención especial se le brinda a la etapa de Emergency Relief Co-ordination. caracterización del problema, exponiendose por ello, Ti: Natural hazards management in Montego Bay: de forma detallada, los aspectos que enmarcan este important considerations in the developing of a proceso: agrícola, edafológico, geológico, local hazards management projects. hidrogeológico, topográfico, aerofotográfico, Pub: Kingston; ODPEM; Jan. 1985. 22 hidrológico, climatológico, económico y social. Al Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and final del artí¡culo aparece un resumen de las Emergency Management. principales causas que originan la humedad excesiva de los suelos, así como las soluciones que para ellas ID: 708 aconseja la práctica productiva. Au: Wadge, Geoffrey. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Ti: Preliminary analysis of volcanic hazards in Dominica.

ID: 702 Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic Au: Speed, R. C. Research Unit; 4. Ti: Cenozoic Collision of the Lesser Antilles Arc and Ab: Briefly describes the location and character of each of Continental South America and the El Pilar the ten volcanoes in Dominica. Reviews the current Fault. state of knowledge of the ages of the rocks erupted, So: Tectonics; 4(1):41-69, January 1985. which forms the basis for listing the volcanoes in Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. order of activity and potential hazard. Sketch maps of zones of hazard to populated areas are drawn assuming that similar eruptions will occur again in the 74 future. Some priorities for future studies are ID: 714 suggested. Ti: National emergency plan of the Dominican Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Republic: summary. Response Agency. Pub: Santo Domingo; Secretario de Estado de Obras Publicas y Communicaciones; Apr. 1985. 22 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 709 Response Agency. Ti: Maintenance of school buildings: a report of the workshop held on March 22, 1985 at the Portsmouth Government School, Portsmouth, ID: 715 Dominica. Ti: Workshop report on Disaster Preparedness and Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. Emergency Management. Co: Workshop on Schools Maintenance; Portsmouth, 22, Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 50. Mar. 1985. Co: Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Workshop; St. Johns, 15-19, April, 1985. Response Agency. Ab: Focuses on disaster preparedness and emergency management with particular reference to public awareness and education in disaster preparedness. ID: 710 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Workshop report on radio operators training Response Agency. seminar, Bridgetown, Barbados, 12-14 March 1985. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. ID: 716 Co: Radio Operators Training Seminar; Bridgetown, 12- Au: Construction Resource and Development Centre. 14, Mar. 1985. Ti: Facts and information on the Jamaican building Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency and construction industry. Response Agency. Pub: Kingston; Construction Resource and Development; 1985. 25. ID: 711 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Reid, Una V. Response Agency.

Ti: Disaster preparedness and management: a course designed for health professionals in ID: 717 Jamaica. Au: Noel, Gloria E. Pub: Kingston; PAHO; Office of Disaster Preparedness; Ti: Overview of the psychological aspects of 1985. 183. disasters: a discussion paper. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: St. Johns; PAHO/PCDPPP; 1985. 13. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 712 Au: Trinadad and Tobago, Natianal Emergency ID: 718 Management Agency Au: Workman, Addison. Ti: The Role and functions of the National Ti: Draft guidelines for building regulations: Emergency Management Agency Antigua-Barbuda, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis. Pub: Port of Spain; Natianal Emergency Management Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. Agency; 2 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Trinadad and Tobago, Natianal Emergency Response Agency. Management Agency ID: 719 Ti: Report of workshop on hospital disaster ID: 713 management for senior hospital staff of the Au: Melchior, Gerard; Peres, Jacques. Victoria hospital, held at the Halcyon-Two Ti: Etude de l'impact d'une definition reglementaire Hotel, Castries, St. Lucia, 20-21 June, 1985. des actions du vent sur les constructions dans les Pub: St. Johns; PAHO/PCDPPP; 1985. 31. dom, Guadeloupe et Martinique. Co: Workshop on Hospital Disaster Management; Pub: Paris; Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment; Castries, 20-21, June, 1985. 1985. 42. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. 75 ID: 720 ID: 726 Au: Neumann, Charles J; Cry, George W; Caso, Edwards Au: Ward, Roy. L; Jarvinen, Brian R. Ti: Grenada national emergency operating center Ti: Tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1985: standard operations procedures. 1871-1980 (with storm track maps updated Pub: St. George's; National Emergency Relief through 1984). Organization; 1985. Pub: Ashville; United States National Oceanic and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Atmospheric Administration; 174. Response Agency. Ab: Presents tracks and basic statistical summaries. The tracks presented are technically ID: 727 referred to as "best-tracks". They represent the best Au: Commonwealth Consultative Group. estimate of the smoothed path of the eye as it moves Ti: Vulnerability: small states in the global society. across the earth's surface. Pub: London; Commonwealth Secretariat; 126. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Examines the vagaries of vulnerability and the Response Agency. security and economic threats to which small states are subject. Suggests national policies that promote ID: 721 self-reliance; regional cooperation - in particular the Au: Pan American Health Organization maritime aspects; promoting internal cohesion by Ti: Health in cases of disaster and emergencies. enhancing democratic and human rights Pub: Washington D.C.; PAHO; 1985. 50. procedure; and improving diplomacy and foreign Ab: Report on the status of the Disaster Preparedness policy management. and Relief Coordination Program carried out by the Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency PAHO Secretariat and the member countries. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 728 Au: Turks and Caicos Islands. Chief Minister's Office. ID: 722 Ti: National disaster plan 1985 - draft. Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. Pub: Grand Turk; Turks and Caicos. Chief Minister's Ti: The coastlines of Jamaica geology, processes and Office; 1985. 52. stability. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Jamaica Journal; 18(3):57-63, Aug. - Oct.1985. Response Agency. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 729 ID: 723 Au: James, Carlton A. Au: Aiken, Karl A; Jupp, Barry. Ti: Report and recommendations on the Ti: The St. Thomas fish kill. organisation of fire prevention activities in So: Jamaica Journal; 18(3):53-6, Aug. - Oct.1985. Guyana. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. 29. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 724 Response Agency.

Au: Grenada. National Emergency Relief Organization. ID: 730 Ti: Emergency shelter manager's administrative Au: Archer, Ewart. manual. Ti: Emerging Environmental Problems in a tourist Pub: St. Georges; Grenada. Ministry of Education; 1985. zone: The case of Barbados. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Caribbean Geography; 2(1):45-55, Oct.1985. Response Agency. Ab: In Caribbean islands like Barbados, damage to shallow water corals, nutrient enrichment and ID: 725 bacteriological contamination of coastal waters, and Au: Pryce-Harvey, J. beach depletion are emerging environmental Ti: Estimating recharge to the Liguanea Aquifer of problems which could pose long term difficulties for Kingston, Jamaica. the growing tourist industry. Policy makers need to Pub: sl; sn; August 1985. pay more attention to the implementation of Th: Submitted to The University of Tennessee presented environmental regulations already on the books for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. which can arrest these undesirable trends and protect Lo: UWI, Science Library. the natural amenities on which much of the tourist appeal of the region is based. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 76 ID: 731 ID: 737 Au: Davenport, Alan G; Georgiou, P. N; Surry, D. Au: Lurijos Management Consultants. Ti: Hurricane wind risk study for the eastern Ti: Survey of hurricane preparedness, October 1985: Caribbean, Jamaica and Belize with special Montserrat. consideration to the influence of topography. Pub: St. Johns; Lurijos Management Consultants; 1985. 16 Pub: London; University of Western Ontario; 1985. 27. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. ID: 738 ID: 732 Au: Wallace, Ineta; Benjamin, Ivy Jean; Noel, Gloria E. Au: Lurijos Management Consultants. Ti: Preliminary survey of communities' response to Ti: Survey of hurricane preparedness, October 1985, the hurricane warning issued for Antigua and St. Kitts/Nevis. Barbuda on Sunday 22 September, 1985. Pub: St. Johns; Lurijos Management Consultants; 1985. 16. Pub: St. Johns; Public Health Nursing Department; 1985. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 15. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 733 Au: Lurijos Management Consultants. ID: 739 Ti: Survey of hurricane preparedness, October 1985: Ti: Workshop report on draft guidelines for building Antigua. regulations, Dominica, 30th October 1985. Pub: St. Johns; Lurijos Management Consultants ; 1985. Pib: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. 51. 16. Co: Workshop on Building Guidelines for Construction Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency of Small Buildings in the ; Roseau, Response Agency. 29-30, Oct. 1985. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 734 Au: Lurijos Management Consultants. Ti: Survey of hurricane preparedness, October 1985: ID: 740 Anguilla. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Pub: St. Johns; Lurijos Management Consultants Ltd.; Ti: Hundreds meet to evaluate Georges and Mitch. 1985. 16. So: Disasters; (75):1, Jan. 1999. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency.

ID: 741 ID: 735 Au: British Virgin Islands. Office of the Deputy Au: Lurijos Management Consultants. Governor. Ti: Survey of hurricane preparedness, October 1985: Ti: National disaster plan: shelter manager's British Virgin Islands. operations manual. Pub: St. Johns; Lurios Management Consultants Agency; Pub: Tortola; British Virgin Island. Office of the Deputy 1985. 16. Governor; 1985. 24. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 736 ID: 742 Au: Lurijos Management Consultants. Au: British Virgin Islands. National Emergency Advisory Ti: Survey of hurricane preparedness, October 1985: Council. consolidated country tables. Ti: National disaster plan: standard operations Pub: St. Johns; Lurijos Management Consultants; 1985. 7. procedures and activation mechanism. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Roadtown; British Virgin Island. Office of the Response Agency. Deputy Governor; 1985. 10. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

77 ID: 743 Pub: Blacksburg, VA; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; 1985. Au: Schaub, Warren R. 329. Ti: Proposal for the development of a prehospital Co: International Conference on Disaster Mitigation emergency medical services system, Grenada, Program Implementation; Ocho Rios, 12-16, Nov. West Indies. 1984. Pub:Washington D.C.; Agency for International Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Development; 1985. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 748 Au: Brown, Aggrey; Lewis, Beverley. ID: 744 Ti: Public education project to support disaster Ti: Draft guidelines for building regulations management in the Caribbean: a proposal from (construction): Leeward Islands, Windward CARIMAC. Islands. Pub: Kingston; CARIMAC; 1985. 11. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. 52. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. ID: 749 ID: 745 Au: Burton, Horace H. P. Ti: Draft guidelines for building regulations Ti: Synthesis of rainfall data over the Eastern (services): Leeward Islands, Windward Islands. Caribbean – October 25 to November 7, 1984. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1985. 22 Pub:Bridgetown; CMI; 1985. 36. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Seeks to highlight the rainfall during the period Response Agency. October 25 to November 7 by producing as many daily rainfall totals as are available and provides a synthesis of all this rainfall data for the eastern ID: 746 Caribbean islands. Au: Spitzer, James D. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Developing marine pollution response capability Response Agency. in the wider Caribbean region. Pub: Santurce; IMO; 1985. 17. Ab: The need for a reasonable response capability stems ID: 750 from factors such as the region's complex network of Au: Jacobs, Lenworth M. petroleum production points and transportation Ti: Triage procedures to be used in the Caribbean routes, dependence of national economies on the for mass casualty management following pristine marine environments that attract tourists, and disasters. the vulnerability of many of the nations to pollution Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO; 1985. incidents resulting from lack of preparedness. The Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency problems of improving response capability in a Response Agency. region having over three dozen governments are immense. Nevertheless, through recent events, the region's governments are recognizing the importance ID: 751 of having an agency responsible for environmental Au: Naranjit, S; Winter, D. E. matters, a response organisation, a pollution Ti: A computer model for catchment simulation and contingency plan, and adequate legislation to provide storm sewer design. the jurisdiction necessary to prevent and to take So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 11(1):21-30, action to control discharges into the marine 1986. environment. Ab: A catchment model has been developed to facilitate Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency flood prediction in tropical catchment areas of Response Agency. moderate size. The catchment may incorporate a network of natural and artificial channels as well as ID: 747 storm sewer pipes, roadside gutters and ponding Au: Anon. areas. Draw-off from the primary system may be Ti: Proceedings of the International Conference on affected through grate inlets or curb-inlet openings in Natural Hazards Mitigation Program roadway gutters, and user-defined in-flow Implementation. hydrographs may be injected into the system at 78 specified modes. Experience with this model for the eastern forereef experiencing the highest various catchments in Trinidad over the past four breakers. We speculate that the degree of reef years has confirmed the reliability of the model both damage is a function of how much time has elapsed for catchment simulation and for storm-sewer since the previous storm rather than the frequency of analysis. hurricanes at a locality. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 752 ID: 754 Au: Oyewo, E. O. Au: Gonz lez Quiñones, E; Pírez, P. J. Ti: Acute toxicity of three oil dispersants. Ti: Perturbaciones ciclónicas del Atlántico So: Environmental Pollution (Sreies A); 41(1):23-32, precursoras de huracanes sobre Cuba. 1986. So: Voluntad Hidráulica; 23(72):32-7, 1986. Ab: Static bioassay tests were conducted with three oil Ab: Se muestra la relación entre las perturbaciones dispersants at two salinities (32.0±2 g/litre and ciclónicas originadas al este de las Antillas Menores, a 16.0±1 g/litre) using fingerlings of the mullet finales de julio y principios de agosto, con el paso de MUGIL sp. and the hermit crabs CLIBINARIUS huracanes sobre Cuba en fechas posteriores a la AFRICANUS as test animals. The acute toxicity was temporada, analizándose las posibles causas que dan estimated both by graphical interpolation and the origen a la relación. approximate nomographic method of Litchfield & Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Wilcoxon (1949) and is reported as the 24h, 48h and 96h LC (1) 50 (Lloyd&Tooby, 1979) values. Conco- ID: 755 K was the most toxic, and BP 1,100X the least toxic Au: Projorienko, Stanislav; Pérez Monteagudo, Oraldo; to the two test organisms at the two test salinities. Veliz Canolo, Jos‚. Simple observations were made on the behavioural Ti: Recomendaciones para el cálculo de la responses of the test animals. The role of acute rectificación de cauces en los ríos de Cuba. toxicity data in ecological predictions is briefly So: Voluntad Hidráulica; 22(70-71):37-47, 1986. discussed. Ab: Hace un an lisis de las principales particularidades del Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. proceso de erosión en cauces rectificados, así como de los métodos existentes, en la práctica internacional, para el cálculo de los cauces formados ID: 753 por rectificación. Revisa los elementos hidrológicos Au: Kjerfve, R; Magill, K. E; Porter, J. M; Woodley, de los procesos de formación del cauce y deduce Jeremy D. relaciones morfométricas para la determinación de los Ti: Hindcasting of hurricane characteristics and par metros del mismo en las condiciones de Cuba. observed storm damage on a fringing reef, Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Jamaica, West Indies. So: Journal of Marine Research; 44 119-48, 1986. Ab: Hurricane Allen is one of the most severe hurricanes ID: 756 on record and caused extensive damage throughout Au: Depradine, Colin A. the Caribbean in early August 1980. Coral reefs Ti: Saharan dust in the Caribbean. along the north coast of Jamaica were devastated by So: Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs; 12(3):15-21, the hurricane-induced waves. As in the case of most 1986. hurricanes, no wave measurements were made. We Ab: The presence of Saharan dust in the Lesser Antilles have computed the wind field and hindcast the deep during the summer constitutes a form of air water wave characteristics as the storm impacted the pollution. The dust originates over Africa and is fringing reef at Discovery Bay on the north central transported across the Atlantic Ocean by the easterly coast of Jamaica. The deep water waves propagated winds during the summer months. Analysis of the into shallow water on the forereef and transformed as dust has shown that it contains biological material a result of shoaling and refraction. We found that and it is possible that this may have effects upon significant wave height at a given time varied by a ecological systems and human health. factor of 2.6 and that incident wave power for the Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency duration of the storm varied by a factor or 7 along a 3 Response Agency; UWI, Main Library; km section of Discovery Bay forereef due to variations in local bathymetry. Maximum hindcast breakers reached a height of 11.5 s. Observations of the most intense reef damage coincided with areas on 79 ID: 757 content. Allophone soils also form a distinct group Au: Thorhaug, A; Miller, B. on Cassagrande’s plasticity chart, falling below the A- Ti: Stemming the loss of coastal wetland habitats: line as liquid limit increases. Jamaica as a model for tropical developing Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. countries. So: Environmental Conservation; 13(1):72-3, 1986. ID: 761 Ab: To overcome the ill-effects of rapid industrial, urban Au: Jamaica Institution of Engineers. and tourist expansion along the 420 miles (672km) Ti: A continuing education seminar on risk analysis coastline, with its accompanying transmigration of and the economic inplications of design for wind inland populations towards cities, increasing and earthquake risk, for engineers project demographic pressures and over a million tourists per managers, Friday May 16, 1986 Jamaica year, the island nation of Jamaica has provided a Conference Centre. model of zero-loss policy of their coastal wetlands. Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1986. 200. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management. ID: 758 Au: Wadge, Geoffrey. ID: 762 Ti: The dykes and structural setting of the volcanic Au: Blake, J. Theo. front in the Lesser Antilles Island arc. Ti: A meteorological perspective of the May/June So: Bulletin of Volcanology; 48(6):349-72, 1986. 1986 flood rains in Jamaica, W.I. Ab: The orientations of dykes from many of the islands of Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Meteorological Service; 1986. 38. the Lesser Antilles islands arc have been mapped. Ab: The report deals primarily with the meteorology of Most of these dykes can be interpreted in terms of the disaster. However because the whole scenario has local or regional swarms derived from specific been so cataclysmic it is necessary to include other volcanoes of known age, with distinct preferred components to ensure a reasonably balanced orientations. Dykes are known from all Cenzoic representation of the disaster. epochs except the Palaeocene, but are most common Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. in Pliocene, Miocene and Oligocene rocks. A majority of the sampled dykes are basaltic, include ID: 763 volcaniclastic host rocks and show a preference for Au: Eyre, L. Alan. widths of 1-1.25 m. Ti: Deforestation in Jamaica: its rate and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. implications. Pub:Kingston; University of the West Indies; Department ID: 759 of Geography, (Mona); 1986. 33. Au: Sheate, W. R. Ab: Data on deforestation in Jamaica published by the Ti: The effect of quarrying on adjacent vegetation. United Nations (FAO/UNEP) and widely quoted in So: Journal of Environmental Management; 23(1):1-99, the literature on the tropical environment, has been 1986. shown to be unreliable and based upon a Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. fundamental misunderstanding of the causes and extent of the process. A sample survey of humid ID: 760 tropical forests in Jamaica indicates a 3.3 percent per Au: Rouse, W. C; Reading, Alison J; Walsh, Rory P. D. annum rate of deforestation 1980-1986, but that Ti: Volcanic soil properties in Dominica, West despite significant commercial lumber production, Indies. large clear fellings are rare and most modification of So: Engineering Geology; 23: 1-28, 1986. the forest is due to expansion of small farming and Ab: The unusual geotechnical and hydrological pastoral activity. The modal cleared is 20 to 25 characteristics of the tropical clay soils involved in hectares. As uncontrolled deforestation is adversely landslides in Dominica resulting from Hurricanes affecting watersheds and inducing serious flooding, David and Frederic are examined. These highly porus some form of control and management is urgently soils exhibit very high field moisture contents (42-180 needed. percent for allophane latosols), void ratios are very Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. high (up to 6 for allophanes) and therefore field dry unit weights are very low (5.47 -10.01 N/M 3 for ID: 764 allophanes). Although predrying does not greatly Au: Salisbury, Lutishoor. affect the Atterberg limits of Kandoids, it causes Ti: Earthquake studies in the Caribbean: a great reductions in the limits of allophane rich soils, bibliographical guide. the degree of difference depending on the allophone Pub: Monticello ; Vance Bibliographies; 1986. 40. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 80 ID: 765 ID: 770 Au: Tanner, E. V. J. Au: Miller, Beverly A. Ti: Forests of the Blue Mountains and the Port Ti: Mapping of Jamaica's coastal resources and their Royal Mountains of Jamaica. respective sensitivities to oil and chemical So: In: Thompson, D. A; Bretting, P. K; Humphreys, dispersants. Marjorie. Forests of Jamaica: papers from the Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness; Caribbean regional seminar on forests of Jamaica 1986. 5. held in Kingston, Jamaica 1983. 1986. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: The paper presents an overview of the forests of the Response Agency. Blue Mountains and Port Royal Mountains based on the published papers, with particular emphasis on six ID: 771 forest types: Mor Ridge forest, Mull Ridge forest, Au: Miller, Beverly A. well-developed Mull Ridge forest, Wet Slope Ti: Mobilization of the marine pollution contingency forest and Gully forest, all at c. 1550 m in the Blue plan for oil and other noxious substances. Mountains, and Very Wet Ridge forest on Mount Pub: Kingston; IMERU Ltd; 1986. 5. Horeb at c. 1350 m in the Port Royal Mountains. All Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency these forests are natural and little if at all disturbed. Response Agency. It is convenient to present the information under the following headings: climate, geology and soils, ID: 772 floristics, forest structure and function. Au: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Proceedings of a workshop on the status of Jamaican geology. ID: 766 Pub: Kingston; Geological Society of Jamaica; 1986. 342. Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Health . Co: Workshop on the Status of Jamaican Geology; Ti: Hospital team management and disaster Kingston, 14-16, Mar. 1984. planning: report on four workshops held for Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. members hospital management teams in Jamaica 1985-1986. ID: 773 Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Health; 1986. 50. Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Vegetation change and desertification in the Response Agency; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Caribbean. Preparedness and Emergency Management. So: In: SLCP Conference Proceedings. Rome, ISLSCP, May 1986. 509-514. ID: 767 Co: ISLSCP Conference; Rome, 2-6, Dec. 1986. Au: Bertrand, Diane; Romano, Hayden; Rogers, C. Ab: Evidence is accumulating that surface climatology is Ti: Landslide and flood distribution in the west changing in many parts of the Caribbean region. The coastal area of Trinidad. trend is from humid tropical and dry seasonal forest Pub: San Juan; General Printers; 1986. 129-39. toward increased aridity, with savanization and actual Co: Transactions of the 1st Geological Conference of the desertification being apparent in some areas. There is Geological Society of Trinidad & Tobago; Port of an increasingly acrimonious debate as to the degree to Spain, 10-12, Jul. 1985. which the changes are anthropogenic and due to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. misuse of the environment. All evidence points to overexploitation of essentially fragile island ID: 768 ecosystems. Field studies and some sampling of time- Au: Rammerlaere, Marc. sequential satellite imagery, including Landsat, suggest Ti: Landslide and soil erosion problem near that a ajudicious combination of remotely sensed and Glengoffe, St. Catherine. ground verified data is useful in documenting these Pub: sl; sn; 1986. disturbing trends in land surface climatology. A more Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. detailed programme of study is envisaged. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 769 Au: Harris, Norman H. ID: 774 Ti: Landslide disasters and counter measures in Au: Crozier, Carl. Jamaica. Ti: Soil conservation techniques for hillside farms: a Pub: sl; sn; 1986. guide for Peace Corps volunteers. Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Pub:Washington, D.C.; Peace Corps Information Collection and Exchange; 1986. 96. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 81 ID: 775 ID: 781 Ti: Summary of workshop on coastal vulnerability, Au: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Havana, Cuba, May 2-5, 1986. Management Agency. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 66. Ti: Hurricane- resistant construction manual: are Co: Workshop on Coastal Vulnerability; Havana, 2-5, you well connected May 1986. Pub: Trinidad and Tobago; NEMA. 1999. 28. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency Response Agency. Management Agency.

ID: 776 ID: 782 Au: Rogers, C. T; Chow-Gabbadon, A. Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Ti: The Parrylands F.15/DM-13 Landslide: a case Project. study. Ti: Disaster preparedness country profile - Guyana. So: San Juan; General Printers ; 1986. 140-8. So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (5):3-4, Co: Transactions of the 1st Geological Conference of The Mar. 1986. Geological Society of Trinidad & Tobago; Port of Co: Disaster preparedness and emergency management; Spain, 10-12, Jul. 1985. Georgetown, 22-26, Jul. 1985. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: In Keeping with the recommendations of the Fifth Health Ministers Conference (Antigua, 10-2 Jul. ID: 777 1979), Guyana's first Disaster Preparedness and Au: Dominica. National Emergency Planning Emergency Management Workshop was held in Organization. Georgetown on Jul. 22-26, 1985. During the Ti: Volcanic evacuation plan for the Southern workshop, draft proposal for a National Disaster section of Dominica - draft. Preparedness plan were updated to reflect what had Pub: Roseau; Dominica. Office of the Prime Minister; been accepted as a model for the Caribbean states. 1986. 92. The Draft National Disaster Preparedness Plan - Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Guyana 1985, identified fifteen Management Sub- Response Agency. committees and enlisted the services of over thirty specialized agencies/organizations. This plan aims at perfection and within the framework of Guyana’s ID: 778 resources, represents the first logical and co- Ti: Workshop report on building guidelines, 29-31 ordinated approach to disaster planning at the January, 1986, Kingstown, St. Vincent and the national level. Grenadines. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1986. 61. Co: Workshop on Building Guidelines; Kingstown, 29- ID: 783 31, Jan. 1986. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Hurricane Georges. Response Agency. So: Disasters; (75):5, Jan. 1999. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 779

Au: Jones, Eleanor B. Ti: Coastline vulnerability study of the Caribbean: ID: 784 final report. Au: Shepherd, John B. Pub: Kingston; Caritech Associates; Feb. 1986. 77. Ti: Earthquake series in Dominica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (5):5-6, Response Agency. Mar. 1986.

Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 780 Au: Jones, Eleanor B; Wason, Alwyn T. ID: 785 Ti: Coastline vulnerability survey. Au: República Dominicana. Secretar¡a de Estado de So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (5):9- Obras Publicas y Comunicaciones (SEOPC); 12, Mar. 1986. República Dominicana. Comisión Nacional para el Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Plan Nacional de Emergencia; Republica

Dominicana. Defensa Civil; República Dominicana. 82 Centro para la Prevención y Mitigación de Desastres country is engaged in a flood plain mapping project (CEPREMID). as part of its disaster preparedness programme; they Ti: Informe final : "Taller nacional de evaluación de may also be useful for other countries in the la preparación y respuesta ante el hurac n Caribbean region where there are no such extensive Georges". records. Pub:Santo Domingo; Organización Panamericana de la Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency SaludPNUD; 1999. 84. Response Agency. Co: "Taller Nacional de Evaluación de la Preparación y Respuesta ante el Hurac n Georges"; Santo Domingo, 16-19 Feb. 1999. ID: 789 Lo: Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Information Center for Au: Holly Brooks Evaluation Technologies Incorporated. Latin America and the Caribbean. Ti: Mission disaster relief plan, Jamaica. Pub:Holly Brooks Evaluation Technologies Incorporated; Mar. 1986. 150. ID: 786 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Emergency Management. Project. Ti: Volcano emergency management seminar - Montserrat. ID: 790 So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (5):8, Ti: Report of workshop on health disaster Mar. 1986. management held at the school of nursing, Co: Volcano emergency management; Plymouth, 4-7 Belize City, Belize, March 19-21, 1986. Dec. 1985. Pub: St. Johns; PAHO/PCDPPP; 1986. 30. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Workshop on Health Disaster Management; Belize City, 19-21, Mar. 1986. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 787 Response Agency. Au: Wason, Alwyn T. Ti: Workshop on building guidelines Kingston, St. Vincent. ID: 791 So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (5):6, Au: Cumberbatch, F. M. Mar. 1986. Ti: Report on regional exchange training Co: Building guidelines; Kingston, 28-30, Jan. 1986. programme to the Pan Caribbean Disaster Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Preparedness and Prevention Project based on a visit to CERO 3-14 March 1986. ID: 788 So: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 15. Au: Molina, Medardo; Gray, Calvin R. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Frequency distribution of hurricanes and tropical Response Agency. storms in Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; National Meteorological Servce; 1986. Co: Chapman Conference on Modelling of Rainfall Fields; ID: 792 Caracas, 24-27, Mar. 1986. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ab: Records from 1900 to 1980 of hurricanes and tropical Ti: First aid agencies. storms occurring over the 5-degree grid bounded by So: ODIPERC News; 1(2):6-7, Apr.1986. 15N75W, 15N80W, 20N80W and 20N75W within Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and which Jamaica is located, have been analysed to Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science determine their annual and monthly frequency Library. distribution. It has been found out that the number of occurrences per year of hurricanes and tropical storms, taken separately, approach Poisson ID: 793 distribution with a =0.51 and =0.54 respectively. The Au: Ahmad, Rafi. monthly frequency distribution of both events Ti: Recent earth movements at Preston, St. Mary. combined shows that they are most likely to occur So: ODIPERC News; 1(2):1,4-5, Apr. 1986. during September, August or October with a Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and probability of 34, 26 and 24 percent, respectively. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science May, June, July and November account for the Library. remaining 16 percent. These findings have practical value as these events are disaster sources and the 83 ID: 794 Ab: Presents and discusses some of the techniques and Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. the potential for use of risk analysis in engineering Ti: Role of parish disaster committee - with project planning. particular reference to Kingston and St Andrew. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: ODIPERC News; 1(2):2-3, Apr.1986. Response Agency. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 800 Ti: Risk management: a Jamaican perspective. Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1986. 21. ID: 795 Co: Risk management:: a Jamaican perspective; Kingston, Ti: Report of workshop on health disaster 17, May 1986. management held at Nurses Association Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Building, Georgetown, Guyana, April 9-11, 1986. Response Agency. Pub: St. Johns; PAHO/PCDPPP; 1986. 54. Co: Workshop on Health Disaster Management; Georgetown, 9-11, Apr. 1986. ID: 801 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Dinnick, Ralph; Richardson, Jeffrey; Stott, Duncan; Response Agency. Wattley, Paul; Folkes, David. Ti: Review of the draft guidelines for building services regulations prepared by E.P. Munro ID: 796 which took place at the Construction Industry Au: Hoosein, Abdool N. Workshop in Anguilla from 20th-22nd May 1986, Ti: Report on community fire prevention program, Group III report. Greenbay government school, April 2-3, 1986, Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 30. Antigua. Co: Construction Industry Workshop; The Valley, 20-22, Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 10. May, 1986. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 797 Au: Gruber, Steve. ID: 802 Ti: A note on birds and ganga. Au: Tyndale-Brisco, J. S. So: Jamaica Journal; 19(2):24,26, May-Jul. 1986. Ti: Aerial documentary of June flood rains. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. So: ODIPERC News; 1(3):4-5, Jun. 1986. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science ID: 798 Library. Au: Noel, Gloria E. Ti: Report of workshop on the role of the nurse in disaster management held at the School of ID: 803 Nursing Annex, Port of Spain General Hospital, Au: Pan American Health Organization. Trinidad, May 21-23, 1986. Ti: Contingency planning courses in the Caribbean. Pub: St. Johns; PAHO/PCDPPP; 1986. So: Disasters; (76):5, Apr. 1999. Co: Workshop on the Role of the Nurse in Disaster Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Management; Port of Spain, 21-23, May, 1986. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 804 Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention ID: 799 Project. Ti: Risk analysis and the economic implications of Ti: Building guidelines workshop: the Valley design for wind and earthquake risk. Anguilla. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Institution of Engineers; 1986. So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):5, 115. Jun. 1986. Co: Seminar on Risk Analysis and the Economic Co: Building guidelines; Valley, 22, May 1986. Implications of Design for Wind and Earthquake Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Risks; Kingston, 16, May 1986.

84 ID: 805 ID: 812 Au: Haynes, Vernice. Au: Noel, Gloria E. Ti: Disaster preparedness and management: St. Ti: Health disaster management - Guyana. Vincent and the Grenadines. So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):10, So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):9, Jun. 1986. Jun.1986. Pr: PAHO. Health Disaster Management. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The Cooperative Republic of Guyana is located outside the earthquake belt and the hurricane zone. This means that disaster preparedness and ID: 806 development of disaster plans should focus on risk Au: Shepherd, John B. rather than those traditionally encounter in the Ti: Earthquake and volcanic activity in the Lesser Caribbean Region. It is therefore understandable that Antilles and Trinidad and Tobago - 1985. disaster awareness develops at a different from that in So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):12- the island countries, which year after year have to 5, Jun. 1986. face the threat of natural disasters. The health sector Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. in any case, has to be prepared for mass casualty incidents caused by air/road traffic accidents, explosions, fires etc. It is for this reason the PAHO ID: 807 Office in Georgetown, requested project support for Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention a training exercise for health and hospital staff for the Project. development of a disaster plan-outline for the Ti: Fire safety concerns us all. Georgetown Hospital. Regionalization of the health So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):6, services, which is vigorously persued, presented the Jun.1986. opportunity to also review the role and functions of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the regional health facilities in the event of a disaster. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 808 Au: Molina, Medardo. ID: 813 Ti: Flood warning system. Au: Noel, Gloria E. So: ODIPERC News; 1(3):1+, Jun. 1986. Ti: Health Disaster Management -Belize. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):10- Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science 1, Jun. 1986. Library. Co: Health disaster management; Belize City, 19-21, Mar.1986. ID: 809 Ab: Belize lies in the hurricane zone and also in the Au: Pan American Health Organization. earthquake belt; the coastal location of the old capital, Ti: Emergency response and disaster reduction: can Belize City, makes it very prone to (flash) flooding. one single agency handle both? The city and the country were severely damaged by So: Disasters; (76):1+, Apr. 1999. Hurricanes Janet (1955) and Hattie (1961). Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Because of its vulnerability to hurricanes the capital was moved in 1970 from Belize City to Belmopan. The Hurricane plan established in 1955 was last ID: 810 revised in May 1982 and is now again being updated, Au: Pan American Health Organization. under thee supervision of the newly appointed Ti: Latin America and the Caribbean review the Cabinet Secretary (with responsibility for Natural achievements of the IDNDR. Disaster Preparedness), Mr. Carlos Perdomo. So: Disasters; (76):4, Apr. 1999. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 814 ID: 811 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Ti: Hurricane precautions: protect your house, Project. apartment and hotel. Ti: Floods- Cuba - Haiti - Jamaica. So: ODIPERC News; 1(3):2+, Jun. 1986. So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):3, Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Jun. 1986. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Library. 85 ID: 815 ID: 820 Au: Ward, Roy. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Hurricane preparedness and emergency Ti: Rehabilitation and reconstruction after the flood. management training seminar the Valley, So: ODIPERC News; 1(3):7, Jun. 1986. Anguilla. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):8, Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Jun. 1986. Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 821 Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention ID: 816 Project. Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and prevention Ti: Second meeting of national disaster coordinators Project (PCDPPP). Havana, Cuba. Ti: Meeting on coastal vulnerability Havana, Cuba. So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):7-8, So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):7, Jun. 1986. Jun. 1986. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Coastal vulnerability; Havana, 1-5, May 1986. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 822 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: The disaster universe. ID: 817 So: ODIPERC News; 1(3):8, Jun. 1986. Au: Wason, Alwyn T. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Natural disasters: what should we be aware of. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):1-3, Library. Jun. 1986. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 823 Au: Florey, Anna Lea. Ti: Incorporating natural disaster risk information ID: 818 into economic analyses of agricultural projects. Au: Jackson, Trevor A. Pub: Blacksburg; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Ti: The national hurricane conference (USA). University; 1986. 139. So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(1):11-2, May 1990. Th: Submitted to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Co: The National Hurricane Conference; Houston, 18-20 University presented for the degree M.Sc. Apr. 1990. Ab: The three principal objectives of this study were: (i) to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. identify the levels of agricultural project planning where an economic analysis, utilizing natural disaster risk information, could be introduced, (ii) to examine methods of incorporating natural disaster risk into ID: 819 economic analyses of agricultural projects, and (iii) to Ti: Population increase, coastal urbanization and the include this information in an economic analysis of long time since a major hurricane: a cause for an agricultural project, and to consider the potential concern. effects of such information in planning. Several So: Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Newsletter; (6):4, economic analysis methods were investigated, and June 1986. four were selected to incorporate natural disaster Ab: The RAIV Hurricane Committee discussed the time- information into the planning of a case study project lapse since a major hurricane had directly affected in St. Lucia. Results from cut-off period, discount individual members and established a sub-group rate adjustment and sensitivity analyses suggest that comprising Messrs. Dania (Netherlands Antilles), disaster information can be readily incorporated into Jackman (Trinidad and Tobago), and Small agricultural project planning. This information greatly (Bahamas) to prepare a joint statement for increases the amount of information available to consideration by the session. The sub-group carried project planners. Results from the mean-variance out its task and the statement adopted by the analysis suggested that disaster mitigation options Committee is reproduced in the document. could increase the benefits from a project. In turn, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. these more stable benefits could improve the development process in developing nations. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster And Emergency Response Agency. 86 ID: 824 ID: 829 Au: Mignon, Glenn A. Au: Davis, Ian. Ti: Survey report on condition of government Ti: Disaster from myth to reality buildings designated as hurricane shelters: So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):2, Oct.1986. Grenada. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 119. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 830 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. ID: 825 Ti: Hurricane tracks 1880-1980. Au: Shaul, Wendy; Haynes, Ann. So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):12, Oct.1986. Ti: Mantees and their struggle for survival. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and So: Jamaica Journal; 19(3):29-36, Aug. - Oct. 1986. Emergency Management; UWI, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library.

ID: 826 ID: 831 Au: Pilgrim, Grace P. Au: Weaver, Peter L. Ti: Role of the media in disaster preparedness. Ti: Impacts of on the Dwarf Cloud Pub: Roseau; G. Pilgrim; 1986. 9. Forest of Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. Co: Disaster Preparedness Workshop; Roseau, Aug. 24-5, So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 35(1-2):101-11, Jun. 1986. 1999. Ab: Media personnel create strong bonds with the public Lo: UWI, Science Library. and are important avenues for the dissemination of information in times of national disasters. Media can assist in the event of a disaster by: (a) pre-disaster ID: 832 education; (b) providing information and advising Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. victims and others in the wake of a disaster; (c) Ti: June floods - an assessment. helping to activate disaster responses; (d) assisting in So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):10-2, Oct.1986. stimulating effective disaster relief and is (e) crucial to Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and an effective warning system. Media used are radio, Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science television and print media and in media planning, Library. attention must be paid to the strength of media facilities to survive disasters. Since the role of the ID: 833 media is vital, it should be clearly defined in the Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. National Disaster Plan. Ti: The four phases of comprehensive emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency management. Response Agency. So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):4, Oct.1986. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 827 Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Au: McGregor, Duncan F. M. Library. Ti: Assessment of soil erosion hazard in the Upper Yallahs Valley, Jamaica. So: Caribbean Geography; 2(2):138-43, Oct.1986. ID: 834 Pr: Royal Society (Overseas Study Scheme);British Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Council (Academic Travel Grant Scheme). Ti: When the floods came - the people who Assessment of soil erosion hazard in the Upper responded. Yallahs Valley, Jamaica. So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):1+, Oct.1986. Lo: UWI, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science ID: 828 Library. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Clarendon relief: an interview with Mrs. Beryl ID: 835 Morgan. Au: Barbados. Consulting Engineers Partnership. So: ODIPERC News; 1(4):1,3-4, Oct.1986. Ti: Grenada shelters survey: field survey notes. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1986. 202 . Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Library. Response Agency. 87 ID: 836 ID: 843 Au: Gibbs, Tony. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Mitigation of losses due to earthquakes in the Ti: Caustic soda spill. eastern Caribbean with particular reference to So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):7, Dec.1986. the cost impact of introducing the new CUBiC Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and code. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Pub: Bridgetown; Consulting Engineers Partnership; 1986. Library. 12. Co: Training Seminar on Earthquake Prediction and ID: 844 Mitigation of Losses; Dushanbe, 8-14, Oct. 1986. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Earthquake awareness day. Response Agency. So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):3+, Dec.1986. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 837 Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Au: Guadeloupe. Department de La Protection Civile. Library.

Ti: Plan ORSEC AERONEF: aeroport du Raizet. ID: 845 Pub: Basse-Terre; Prefecture de la Guadeloupe; 1986. 110. Au: Sheperd, John B.; Rowley, K. C. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: The March 10, 1988 Trindad earthquake and its Response Agency. aftershocks. Pub:St. Augustine, UWI, Siesmic Research Unit; May ID: 838 1988. 10. Au: Guadeloupe. Department de La Protection Civile. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency Ti: Plan ORSEC SATER. Management Agency. Pub: Basse-Terre; Prefecture de la Guadeloupe; 1986. 127. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 846 Response Agency. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Past holiday disasters. ID: 839 So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):2, Dec.1986. Au: Barbados. Consulting Engineers Partnership. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Grenada shelters survey. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO/PCDPPP; 1986. 144. Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 847 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. ID: 840 Ti: Report on investigations into 'Freak Storm' Au: Glasgow, Joyce. occurences. Ti: Disaster preparedness in formal education. So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):4, Dec.1986. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies, 1986. Ab: In August and September of this year, a series of Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency tropical waves passed over the island and brought Response Agency. with them heavy thunder showers. Some of these showers were accompanied by strong gust of winds, ID: 841 lightning and hailstones. Most of this activity was Ti: Flooding in Port Antonio. concentrated Westmoreland, St. Elizabeth, So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):6, Dec. 1986. Manchester, Clarendon, Northern St. Catherine and Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and St. Andrew. A number of Communities were affected Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science by 'Freak Storms' which resulted in loss of lives, Library. injuries, loss of property and crops. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 842 Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Ti: Boulder dislodged. Library. So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):6, Dec. 1986. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 848 Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Au: Chin, M. W.; Suite W. H. E. Library. Ti: Hurricane Hugo: a survey of damage to Montserrat and Antigua. So: Trinidad and Tobago NEMA News; Nov. 1989. 26. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency Management Agency 88 ID: 849 ID: 855 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Au: Gregoire, Joseph C. W. Ti: Safety tips. Ti: Report on examination of vulnerability of So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):2&8, Dec.1986. important buildings in Dominica: Castle Bruce Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Health Centre. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Pub St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 10. Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

ID: 850 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. ID: 856 Ti: The great Kingston earthquake. Au: Gregoire, Joseph C. W. So: ODIPERC News; 1(5):3&5, Dec. 1986. Ti: Report on examination of vulnerability of Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and important buildings in Dominica: Police Station, Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Marigot. Library. Pub:St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 11. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 851 Au: Gregoire, Joseph C. W. Ti: Report on examination of vulnerability of ID: 857 important buildings in Dominica. Ti: Sub-regional seminar on command systems and Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 27. mass casualty management, Castries, St. Lucia. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 50. Response Agency. Co: Sub-Regional Seminar on Command Systems and Mass Casualty Management; Castries, 24-27, Nov. 1986. ID: 852 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Gregoire, Joseph C. W. Response Agency. Ti: Report on examination of vulnerability of

important buildings in Dominica: summary and ID: 858 conclusions. Au: Westercamp, D. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. Ti: Zonation of volcanic hazards at Mount Pelee, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Martinique, French West Indies. Response Agency. Pub: Orleans Cedex; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres; Dec 1986. 40. ID: 853 Co: Role of Geology in urban development; 15-20, Dec. Au: Gregoire, Joseph C. W. 1986. Ti: Report on examination of vulnerability of Ab: Zonation of the volcanic hazards, which a new important buildings in Dominica: DBS Radio awakening of Mt. Pelee would bring about, is drawn Station, Roseau. up on the basis of four types of data: (1) the eruptive Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. history of the volcano during the last 5,000 years; (2) Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency meteorological date; (3) the present morphology of Response Agency. the volcano; and (4) the progress of certain volcanic eruptions. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 854 Response Agency. Au: Gregoire, Joseph C. W. Ti: Report on examination of vulnerability of ID: 859 important buildings in Dominica: LaPlaine Au: Burton, Frederic J. Health Centre. Ti: A survey of marine and littoral oil pollution in the Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1986. 10. Cayman Islands, 1982-1983. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 23(1):7, 1987. Response Agency. Ab: A survey of beach and coastal water oil pollution was carried out on the island of Grand Cayman between November 1980 and September 1983. The median weight of beached tar on the Windward East Coast was 424 g.per meter shoreline, as compared to 0.3 89 g/m on the Leeward West Coast, with intermediate ID: 865 values on North and South Coasts: no progressive Au: Carby, Barbara E. temporal trend was evident. coastal waters, median Ti: Hazard mitigation we connot afford to wait. levels of floating tar and dissolved/dispersed So: ODIPERC News; 2(3):1-2, 1987. hydrocarbons respectively were 0.05 mg/meter Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and square and 0.05 micro gram/1 with maxima of 10.8 Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science mg/m square and 0.04 micro gram/1.Evidence from Library. aerial surveys of oil discharges at sea, and from examination of beached tar for physical state and ID: 866 ultraviolet fluorescence spectrum, combines to Au: Gillett, Vincent; Provan, Maura; Wade, Barry A. indicate that the majority of oil pollution experienced Ti: Oil pollution of Jamaica coastal waters and in the Cayman Islands is attributable to crude oil beaches: results of the IOCARIBE/CARIPOL discharges from the tanker traffic in the North-West monitoring programme (Jamaica). Caribbean. So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 23(1):93-105, 1987. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Jamaican coastal waters and beaches were sampled between 1980 and 1983 for dissolved and/or ID: 860 dispersed oil in the water column, pelagic tar particles Au: Shepherd, John B. and beach tar, using methods established for the Ti: Earthquake and volcanic activity in the Lesser IOCARIBE/CARIPOL petroleum monitoring Antilles and Trinidad and Tobago - 1985. programme. The results of these surveys were used Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP ; 1987. to determine the sources of oil pollution, the levels of Ab: Paper describes major seismological and volcanic oil in the water and on the beaches, and the rate of activity in the region specified and shows their arrival of waste oil in Jamaica from outside sources. distribution. Outside sources of oil pollution in Jamaica are from Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. undermined discharges in the open Caribbean and tanker discharges on the nearshore waters, usually ID: 861 within a few miles of the port approaches. Land Au: Pereira, John A. based sources are ships, small-crafts and oil Ti: Earthquake resistance of small buildings. installations. The heaviest contamination of beaches So: ODIPERC News; 2(3):6, 1987. is on the south coast and offshore cays. However, Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and the highest level of dissolved/dispersed oil is found Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science within the partly sheltered Kingston Harbour. No Library. seasonal trends were observed in the rate of arrival of oil in Jamaican waters but the volume of tanker ID: 862 traffic, proximity to the shipping lanes, and local Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. current and weather conditions were definite Ti: Enter the hurricane season prepared. influencing factors. Overall the levels of oil pollution So: ODIPERC News; 2(3):4-5, 1987. were only moderate. The Jamaican monitoring Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and programme has demonstrated the simplicity and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science effectiveness of the IOCARIBE/CARIPOL Library. methods. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 863 Au: McDonald, Franklin. ID: 867 Ti: Geological hazards, planning and engineering Au: Mansingh, Ajai; Provan, Maura; Wade, Barry A. practice in Jamaica. Ti: Origin nature and effects of oil pollution in So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12 Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. (Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):341, 1987. So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 23(1):105-14, 1987. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of the waters and beaches of Kingston Harbour was studied ID: 864 between 1980 and 1983 using methods established Au: Wadge, Geoffrey; Dixon, T. H. for the IOCARIBE/CARIPOL petroleum Ti: Geological interpretation of SEASAT-SAR monitoring programme. Laboratory weathering imagery of Jamaica: further points. experiments were conducted to identify dissolved So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12 and/or dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons (DDPH) (Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):170-182, 1987. and oil slicks in the harbour in order to pinpoint the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. pollution sources more accurately. The effects of the 90 pollution on (1) two species of biota (a bivalve and a ID: 870 sponge) (2) a small area in the Port Royal Mangrove Au: Harris, Linnette. and (3) the environment in general was investigated. Ti: Role of the helicopter in health emergency Oil spills and DDPH were the most common forms management in Jamaica. of pollution, occurring with greatest frequency in the So: Caribbean Finance and Management; 3(2):34-6, 1987. Middle Harbour region. The DDPH fraction was Ab: An important aspect of health management is found to be comprised of compounds similar to emergency transportation. Air transportation is Venezuelan crude and refined oils, and increasingly being used to augment the services uncharacterized fluorescent compounds. Main traditionally provided by conventional ground pollution sources were shore-based industries, land transportation. This paper examines the use of run-off, storm water discharges and vessels utilizing helicopters in health care in Jamaica in the post- harbour facilities. Bivalves from the most heavily independence period. It outlines the organisation of polluted area had highest petroleum hydrocarbon the Jamaican health services, the nature of existing levels. The beaches, waters and mangroves of emergency air transportation services, indications and Kingston Harbour were not seriously affected by oil procedures for the use of emergency air pollution. transportation services, patterns of utilisation and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. some associated problems.

Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 868 Au: Burns, Stephen J; Neumann, Conrad A. Ti: Pelagic sedimentation on an inactive gullied ID: 871 slope, Northwest Providence Channel, Bahamas. Au: Ladd, John W; Sheridan, Robert . So: Marine Geology; 77: 277-86, 1987. Ti: Seismic stratigraphy of the Bahamas. Ab: The southern flank of Little Bahama Bank is a deep- So: American Association of Petroleum Geologists' water carbonate slope into which a series of closely bulletin; 71(6): 719-36, 1987. spaced canyons 10-200 m deep have been cut. It is Ab: Seismic reflection profiles from the straits of , similar in morphology to many other slopes in the Northwest Providence Channel, Tongue of the Bahamas, and these slopes are generally Ocean, and Exuma Sound reveal a seismic considered to be created by the erosion of downslope stratigraphy characterised by a series of prograding sediment gravity flows. However, little evidence for upper cretaceous and tertiary seismic sequences with downslope sediment movement or associated erosion seismic velocities generally less than 4 km/sec. were found in the Holocene or latest Pleistocene overlying a lower cretaceous section of low-amplitude sediments of the slope reported on here. The reflections which are more nearly horizontal than the sediments from water depths below 260 m consist of overlying prograding clinoforms and have seismic a uniform pelagic drape covering both the gullies and velocities greater than km/sec. The prograding units inter gully ridge tops. High resolution seismic are detrital shallow-water carbonates shed from reflectors are not truncated along individual gully nearby carbonates banks into deep introbanks basins walls. And the fine-scale stratigraphy of the that were established in the late cretaceous. The sediments recorded in glacial/interglacial changes in lower cretaceous units are probably shallow-water the aragenite/calcite ratio of the sediments is carbonate banks that were drowned in the middle preserved in sediments from gullies and ridge tops. It cretaceous but which, during the early cretaceous, appears that for the last two to three glacial cycles extended from Florida throughout the Bahamas there has been only minor downslope transport of region. The seismic reflection profiles reveal a sharp sediment. Despite the gullied morphology angular unconformity at 5 - secs two-way travel time erosion is not presently occurring on the slope. in northwest Tongue of the Ocean, suggesting a Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. continental crust. No such unconformity is seen in central and southeast Tongue of the Ocean or in ID: 869 Exuma sound, suggesting that these are built on the Au: Bennet, Clarence. oceanic crust. Ti: Planning permissions in high risk areas. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: ODIPERC News; 2(3):3+, 1987. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library.

91 ID: 872 ID: 875 Au: Isaacs, Michael C. Au: Newton, Eric. Ti: Seismological investigations in Jamaica: a Ti: Tar on beaches, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. review. So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 23(1):139-42, 1987. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12 Ab: From October 1980 to October 1985, tar was (Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):197-224, 1987. collected, in one metre wide transects from waterline Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. to backshore, several times a year at four windward and three leeward sites around the island of Bonaire. The difference between leeward and windward ID: 873 beaches is evident, with no tar found on leeward Au: Eschenbrenner, Sylvain; Girardin, Nicole; Hirn, beaches at any collecting session and always tar on Alfred; Viode, Jean-Pierre. windward beaches with a mean of 278 g per metre Ti: Shallow seismicity at Montague Pelee volcano, for one transect. The form of the coastline and the Martinque, Lesser Antilles. angle of the wind direction to the coast probably So: Volcanology; (49):723-8, 1987. have great influence on the amount of tar arriving Ab: Continuous seismic monitoring at Martinique since and remaining on the beach. the 1902 eruption of Montagne Pelee volcano did not Lo: UWI,Mona, Science Library. detect local earthquakes for the first 70 years. For the only eruption which occurred in this time span in ID: 876 1929 the seismograph was 20 km away and of a Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. standard type, not particularly suited to the detection Ti: The building research institute - its work in of small-scale local seismicity. Improvement of the disaster resistant low-cost housing. monitoring array over the last 15 years with the So: ODIPERC News; 2(3):7-8, 1987. installation of sensors on the volcano itself allowed Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and the detection of signals of local origin which were Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science interpreted as being due to surface sources such as Library. rockfalls and landslides. Since December 1985 seismic sources in the volcano itself i.e. small ID: 877 earthquakes at shallow depth, were identified and Au: McDonald, Franklin; Gray, Calvin R; Hardware, located with the aid of a temporary upgrading of the Thorant; Molina, Medardo. array close to these weak sources. Such an onset of Ti: Application of flood loss reduction technology in local seismicity could not have been detected with Jamaica. previous seismic equipment; such episodes of Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1987. 12. seismicity in the volcano might have occurred in the Co: 1st Annual National Conference on Science and past apparently quiescent history of the volcano as Technology; Kingston, 27-29, Apr. 1987. the re-interpretation of seismographs of some events Ab: This paper describes the activities of the Flood Plain in 1976 would indicate, without evolving to more Mapping Project which involves the transfer and important volcanic phenomena. adaptation of mitigation, forecasting, prediction, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. computer and telemetry technologies to Jamaica. The project has three aims (a) prepare reliable maps of flood prone areas, (b) install a real ID: 874 time flood warning system and (c) review our flood Au: Naughton, Patrick W. control measures. The main characteristics of the Ti: Storm surge risk problems for Kingston, Jamaica. topography, rainfall, hydrology, geology and river So: Revista Georgrafica; 99: 93-7, 1987. hydraulics of Jamaica are being computerised and Ab: Historic records can illustrate the problem of over- analysed using advanced data processing methods dependence on scientific methods of risk assessment. such as athematical modelling and simulation with The disregard of past occurrences of high magnitude the aid of a computer. storm surges in Kingston, Jamaica may result because Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency those preventive measures that are present were Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library; developed using theoretical models which predict

lower magnitudinal events than actually occurred. ID: 878 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: PAHO. Response Agency; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Ti: Assessing needs in the health sector after floods Preparedness and Emergency Management. and hurricanes. So: Washington D.C; PAHO; 88.

92 Ab: Strategic information gathering is critical to making ID: 881 decisions in the aftermath of a disaster. This Au: Robertson, Richard F. publication presents a methodology for selecting the Ti: Disaster management in St. Vincent and the appropriate data from the proper sources for damage Grenadines: a case study of flooding in the and needs assessment. The method is based on the Gorse-Mangrove-Byera-Bayside villages. premise that although each flood has its own Pub: Kingstown; Richard F. Robertson; 1987. 1121. peculiarities, there are common key decisions that Ab: Focuses on the island's vulnerability to natural must be made. Although slow onset floods are the disasters and comments on the society's generally main subjects, the same approach can be applied complacent attitude towards this fact. An especially generally to hurricanes when the winds usher in vulnerable East Coast area has been identified. As a torrential rainfall. The most typical decisions that contrast, states that these villagers are particularly authorities face are listed with indicators as well as aware of their area's vulnerability and are totally some of the basic questions which need to be asked receptive to the idea of relocation. to assess the overall situation. Data which needs to be Lo: UWI, Sir Authur Lewis Institute of Social and assessed for environmental sanitation, vector control, Economic Studies food and nutritional status, evacuation camps, health centers and surveillance are listed as well as the possible sources for this information. ID: 882 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Gray, Calvin R. Response Agency. Ti: Early warning crops assessment of Jamaica April, 1987. ID: 879 Pub: Kingston; National Meteorological Service; 1987. 2 Au: Samaroo, Keewanmatie Susan. Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council. Ti: Coastal dynamics and petrology at Hellshire and Half Moon Bays, south Jamaica. ID: 883 Pub: Kingston; University of the Wes Indies; 1987. Au: Wilmot-Simpson, Conliffe. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies Mona Ti: Effects on land and coastline. presented for the degree Ph.D. Pub:Kingston; Geological Survey Division; 1987. Ab: The response of the beach to physical processes Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. operating on the backshore, foreshore and nearshore zones at Hellshire and Half Moon Bays has been examined over a 30 month period, between March ID: 884 1983 and August 1985. Approximately d139,000m3 Au: Goreau, Peter D. E. of sediment comprise the sand dune at Half Moon Ti: Geophysics and tectonics of the Northern and part of Hellshire Bays. Sediment samples taken Caribbean. from the dunes are finer and better sorted than Pub: Bogata; sn; 1987. 134-47. samples obtained from elsewhere along the beach Co: 10th Caribbean Geological Conference; Cartagena de profile. Experimental data obtained using sand traps Indias, 14-22, Aug. 1983. indicate that most sediment is transported by a low Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. saltation process. The critical entrainment velocity is exceeded for most of the year, particularly during ID: 885 June to August. The morphology of the subaerial Au: Peynado, Rory. section of the beach profile showed no significant Ti: Gimme-me-bit roof failures. variation during 1984. Morphological variation of the Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1987. 28 subaqueous beach profile was statistically significant Ab: From observations and interviewing occupants it through 1984. appears that inadequate provisions were made to Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. ensure securely anchored roofs, tied walls at belt level and reducing the entry of air into the buildings. The

ID: 880 use of inferior building materials for concrete works Ti: Conference on hurricanes and tropical and the poor workmanship on newly built meteorology: extended abstracts. construction, especially on roofs, were noted. Houses Pub: Boston; American Meteorological Society; 1987. 425. with flat roofs appeared to have suffered more Co: 17th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical damage than gable roofs. Some recommendations for Meteorology; Miami, 7-10, Apr. 1987. improving the quality and wind resistance of existing Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. construction has been included but due to many

93 uncertainties the effectiveness and the degree of ID: 890 increased performance cannot be guaranteed to Au: De Graff, Jerome V. provide resistance equivalent to properly designed Ti: Losses due to landslides on Dominica and St. and constructed buildings. Lucia, West Indies. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Fresno, CA; US. Department of Agriculture; 1987. Response Agency. Ab: During the past sixty years, landslide-caused fatalities occurred in both Dominica and St. Lucia. Death tolls ID: 886 range from 1 to 60 people. Infrastructure is damaged Au: Jamaica Defense Force. or destroyed by landslide activity, roads being most Ti: Jamaica marine pollution contingency plan commonly affected. Debris removal represents exercise. substantial annual expenditure. Principal economic Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Defense Force; 1987. activity affected is agricultural production but records Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency infrequently seperate losses due to landslides from Response Agency. losses due to other storm-related factors. A fuller understanding of losses due to landslide activity clarifies the need for landslide hazard reduction. ID: 887 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Roberts, D. Response Agency. Ti: Laboratory investigations of the effects of oil on Donax denticulatus from Manzanilla beach. ID: 891 Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Au: Molina, Medardo; Gray, Calvin R. Department of Zoology; 1987. 44. Ti: Frequency distribution of hurricanes and tropical Ab: Effects of the water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude storms in Jamaica. oil on the behaviour of the marine intertidal bivalve So: In: Scientific Research Council. Information and st Donax denticulatus were studied using a series of Coordination Division. Proceedings of the 1 Annual bioassays. The results showed that the estimated Conference on Science and Technology. Kingston, lethal concentration (LC 50) after 96 hours was 3.7 Scientific Research Council. Information and ppm hydrocarbon at 28 degrees C. A comparison of Coordination Services Division, 1987. 302-12. st the graphs obtained from the activity of the foot and Co: 1 Annual National Conference on Science and siphon of the individuals versus time, showed that Technology; Kingston, 27-29, Apr. 1987. the sublethal effects occurred at WSF concentration Ab: Records from 1900 to 1980 of hurricanes and tropical as low as 7.6 ppm hydrocarbon. These sublethal storms occurring over the 5-degree grid bounded by effects were a reduction in activity as concentration 15N75W, 15N80W, 20N80 W and 20N75W within increased, and a reduction in the time required for the which Jamaica is located have been analysed to maximum number of individuals to become active. determine their annual and monthly frequency Burrowing behaviour was inhibited in all the distribution. It has been found out that the number contaminated solutions, including the lowest of occurrences per year of hurricanes and tropical concentration of 1.08 ppm hydrocarbon, as storms, taken separately, approach Poisson compared to control. distribution with a=0.51 and a=0.54 respectively. Lo: UWI, St. Augustine, Library. The monthly frequency distribution of both events combined shows that they are most likely to occur during September, August or October with a ID: 888 probability of 34.26 and 24 percent , respectively. Au: Harris, Norman H. May, June, July and November account for the Ti: Landslide damage, Hamilton Mountain, St. remaining 16 percent. These findings have practical Mary. value as these events are disaster sources and the Pub: sl; sn; 1987. country is engaged in a flood plain mapping project Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. as part of its disaster preparedness programme: they may also be useful for other countries in the Caribbean region where there are no such extensive ID: 889 records. Au: Rammerlaere, Marc. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Landslide Friendship (Portland). Pub: sl; sn; 1987. ID: 892 Lo: Jamaica, Geological Survey Division. Au: Cambers, Gillian. Ti: Programme for sand mining control and mangrove preservation. 94 Pub: Castries; OECS: Natural Resources Management ID: 898 Project; 1987. 37. Au: Goodbody, Ivan; Bacon, Peter R; Greenaway, A. M; Ab: Examines the sand mining problem particularly in Hendry, Malcolm D; Devi Prasad, P. V; Woodley, Trellis Bay and Josiah's Bay, and the effects of sand Jeremy D. mining on the beaches of Tortola-Beef Island. The Ti: The Caribbean coastal management study: programme outlined recommends the systematic investigations on the Hellshire Coastline. reduction of beach sand mining, and a feasibility Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1987. 15. study into offshore suppliers. A preliminary Co: 1st Annual National Conference on Science and assessment of mangrove preservation methods results Technology; 27-29, Apr. 1987. in proposals for increasing public awareness of the Ab: The Caribbean Coastal Management Study (CCMS) is importance of mangroves. a multi-disciplinary programme investigating Lo: UWI, Sir Arthur Lewis institute of Social and environmental problems along the coastline of Economic Studies. Hellshire. Near shore reefs have experienced recent deterioration, including death of corals and overgrowth by algae. This appears to weaken the protecting effect of reefs, changing the ID: 893 hydrodynamics and leading to beach erosion. It was Au: Harris, Norman H. hypothesised that deterioration was a consequence of Ti: Slope failure - Rectory Road, Port Maria, St. eutrophication from the Kingston Harbour outflow. Mary. Oceanographic investigations were undertaken to Pub: sl; sn; 1987. characterise the adjacent water mass and the extent to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. which this is influenced by Kingston Harbour. Data indicate that the outflow does not impinge directly but moves down the South Ship Channel; prevailing ID: 894 winds may push harbour water towards the coastline. Au: Dolcy, A. Biological components of the water mass support the Ti: Solid waste disposal: Castries and environs. view that harbour effluent is a dominating influence Pub: s.l; Government of St. Lucia; 1987. in this area. The northern end of Hellshire is also Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. influenced by effluent from the Great Salt Pond, aggravated by the cutting of a channel between pond ID: 895 and ocean. In the Southern part there is evidence of Au: Greenidge, E. ground water leaching through the limestone and Ti: Solid waste mamagement: design and influencing coastal hydrography. Geochemical studies implementation- solid waste management plan indicate a gradient of increasing carbonate and for Vieux-Fort, St Lucia. decreasing heavy metals as one moves south from the Pub: Cave Hill; University of the West Indies; 1987. Harbour. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 896 ID: 899 Au: McDonald, Franklin. Au: Wilmot-Simpson, Conliffe. Ti: Some legal issues in disaster mitigation in Ti: Notes on flooding of the Rio Minho. developing countries. So: GSJ Newsletter; 7(3):11-2, Jan. 1987. Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1987. 6. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 900 Response Agency. Au: Molina, Medardo; McDonald, Franklin; Thomas, Herbert. Ti: Flood hazard mitigation plan in Jamaica. ID: 897 Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; Jan. 1987. Au: Thorhang, Anitra. Co: Workshop on Mitigation of Hazards Due to Extreme Ti: Spill clean-up in the tropics: Jamaica as model Natural Events in America.; Mayaguez, 20-4, Jan. for developing and developed nations. 1987. Pub: Miami; Florida International University; 1987. 7. Ab: In order to minimize future losses produced by flood Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency events, an integrated plan of flood management is Response Agency. presently being implemented in Jamaica through the World Meteorological Organization, with the Office of Disaster Preparedness of Jamaica acting as the coordinating agency. The plan includes the mapping 95 of areas that are likely to be flooded every 5, 10, 50, ID: 904 and 100 years; the inventory and evaluation of all the Au: Lowe, Ivan; Molina, Medardo. flood control schemes used in Jamaica; the Ti: Modeling peak flow series for flood plain installation of a pilot real time automated flood mapping in Jamaica. warning system in one catchment plus one Pub: Kansas City; American Society of Civil Engineers islandwide, to be operated by local community Conference; 1987. 7. organizations. In addition, flash floods and sink hole Co: Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning floods are being studies. It is expected that the plan and Management, Modeling Monitoring and will help Jamaica to mitigate the negative effects of Managing Water Resources Systems. 14th; Kansas flood events. City, 16-18, Mar. 1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: The right choice of a statistical distribution to model Response Agency. peak flows series is essential to reliable delineation of flood prone areas. The Jamaican government is engaged in mapping such areas along its main streams ID: 901 and an analysis has been performed to Au: Eyre, L. Alan. determine what that best choice would be. Three Ti: Fire in the tropical environment. known statistical distributions were compared: the So: Jamaica Journal; 20(1):10-6, Feb. - Apr. 1987. Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), the Log-Pearson Ab: For thousands of years fire has been the most potent III (LP3) and the Three-parameter Log-Normal agent in the human use and transformation of our (LN3). Using as selection criteria prediction of each environments. In the past quarter of a century, its distribution applied to Jamaican streamflow records, effects have been more widespread, more pervasive the conclusion was reached that the Log Pearson III and more devastating than during the entire millennia as well as the GEV distribution would be suitable of man's occupancy of these fragile ecosystems. choices, although the latter has the advantage of Rainforest, monsoon forest, seasonal exeric forest, being more flexible. savanna and tropical grassland are all being modified Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency at an accelerating rate under inexorable ecological Response Agency. demographic and economic pressures. Dr. L. Alan Eyre, Reader in Physical Geography at the University of the West Indies, explains the past, present and ID: 905 future role of fire in Jamaica and the rest of the Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. tropical world. Ti: Flood loss reduction programme: flooding in Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. Jamaica. Pub: Kingston ; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1987. 9. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 902 Response Agency. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ti: Planning hurricane mitigation for Caribbean agriculture. ID: 906 Pub: Blacksburg; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; 11. Au: Wylie, Johnathan J; Voight, Barry; Whitehead, J. A. Co: National Hurricane Conference; Orlando, 1-3, Apr. Ti: Instability of magma flow from volatile- 1987. dependent viscosity. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Science; 285(5435):1883-5, 17, Sept. 1999. Response Agency. Ab: Volatiles dissolves in silicic magma at depth exsolve as the magma nears the surface and cause an increase in viscosity of the magma. A model of a volcanic ID: 903 conduit within an elastic medium. Au: Thomas, H. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Regional flood frequency analysis in Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; s.n; Mar. 1987. 37. ID: 907 Pr: World Meteorological Project. Underground Water Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Flood Plain Authority/Meteorological Organization Flood Plain Mapping Project. Mapping Project. JAM/82/009. Ti: Flood plain mapping project. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Pub:Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1987. 7. Emergency Management. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

96 ID: 908 Co: National Consultation on the Environment; Dover, Ti: Report on subregional workshop on chemical 7-8, Aug. 1987. safety, Trinidad 27-29 April, 1987. Ab: Discusses the environmental problems encountered Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO; 1987. 39. in Barbados in the (a) air e.g. sahara dust, industrial Co: Subregional Workshop on Chemical Safety; Port of pollution and noise; (b) water, especially from waste Spain, 27-29, Apr. 1987. disposal and agricultural practices, illegal dumping of Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency hazardous materials, oil pollution; (c) land, Response Agency. especially coastal erosion, refuse collection and disposal, sewage and hazardous materials disposal, ID: 909 soil erosion. Points out that a problem in one area Au: Dania, A. J. can affect another and this is an important fact in Ti: Role of meteorological services in tropical environmental management. cyclone warning systems. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub:St. George's; s.n; May 1987. 32 . Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 914 Ti: Workshop report, shelter managers' training ID: 910 workshops, Dominica, West Indies, 10-12 Au: Budhu, Chetram. August, 1987. Ti: Vulnerability analysis and risk factors (natural Pub: Roseau; National Emergency Planning Organization; disasters). 1987. 5. Pub: Port of Spain; s.n; 1987. 43. Co: Shelter Managers' Training Workshops; Roseau, 10- Ab: Reviews risk evaluation and vulnerability analysis for 12, Aug. 1987. the Caribbean. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 915 ID: 911 Au: Williams, Ronald A. Ti: Report of the meeting on regional information Ti: Environmental health problems and programmes system strategy for the Caribbean, Port of Spain, in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago, 27-29 May, 1987. Pub: Bridgetown; PAHO; 1987. Pub: Port of Spain; ECLAC; 1987. 30. Co: National Consultation on the Environment; Co: Meeting on Regional Information System Strategy for Bridgetown, 7-8, Aug. 1987. the Caribbean; Port of Spain, 27-29, May 1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 912 ID: 916 Au: St. Helene, Leo. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ti: Identification, monitoring and mitigation of Ti: Framework for formulating hurricane mitigation hazardous risks in coastal settlements of St. guidelines in Caribbean agriculture: draft Lucia: a manual for town, village and regional proposal. clerks. Pub: Blacksburg; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; 1987. 11. Pub: Castries; St. Lucia. National Emergency Organization; Ab: A proposal to conduct a project to provide a 1987. 24. comprehensive framework for formulating disaster Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency mitigation guidelines. Natural hazards, particularly Response Agency; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster hurricanes and tropical storms, occasion considerable Information Center for Latin America and the damage to Caribbean agriculture with the Caribbean attendant social dislocation and economic retardation

to these island economies. In spite of its significant ID: 913 contribution to employment and foreign exchange, Au: Conliffe, Wilton L. E. the agricultural sector has received little attention in Ti: Environmental problems in Barbados: an disaster planning in the Caribbean. This situation can overview. be attributed to the lack of guidelines for Pub: Bridgetown; Barbados. Ministry of Health; 1987. 9. informing the planning process. This project aims at 97 redressing that gap in the disaster planning process. ID: 920 The project will involve (a) a survey of the Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. perceptions and adjustments of farmers to hurricanes Ti: Designing an emergency communications and storms and (b) an evaluation of disaster plans system. and policies and their mode of delivery. So: ODIPERC News; 2(2):9, Oct.1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Response Agency. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 917 Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Agriculture. Natural Resources ID: 921 Conservation Division; Ralph M. Field Associates. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Jamaica country environmental profile. Ti: Disaster communications Jamaica and the Pub: Kingston; International Institute for Environment Caribbean. and Development; 1987. 362. So: ODIPERC News; 2(2):1+, Oct.1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Response Agency. Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 918 Au: Consulting Engineers Partnership Ltd. ID: 922 Ti: Barbados hazard abatement vulnerability survey: Au: Levine-Cointreau, Sandra. police and fire stations. Ti: Guidance pact: private sector participation in Pub: Bridgetown; Consulting Engineers Partnership Ltd municipal solid waste management. for UNDRO. PCDPPP; 1987. 67. Pub: St. Gallen; Swiss Centre for Development Ab: Twenty one buildings were surveyed to assess their Cooperation in Technology and Management; 2000. vulnerability to the natural hazards of floods, Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. hurricanes and earthquakes. Most of the police and fire stations were between 30 and 50 years cold ID: 923 mainly of loadbearing masonry construction with Au: Office of Disaster Preparedness (ODP) Jamaica. lightweight roofs. Under hurricane conditions, the Ti: ODP’s radio communications operators. roofs, exposed glass windows and doors will be the So: ODIPERC News; 2(2):8, Oct.1987. most vulnerable elements in these buildings. Except Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and for the police stations recently constructed, the Emergency Management; UWI, Science Library. buildings surveyed were all vulnerable to earthquake loads. Recommendations are made re. retrofitting for ID: 924 hurricanes and improved drainage but retrofitting for Au: Molina, Medardo . earthquake resistance was considered cost Ti: Telecommunications and flood warning systems prohibitive. Puerto Rico and Jamaica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: ODIPERC News; 2(2):4-5, Oct. 1987. Response Agency. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 919 Au: UNDRO. Ti: Report of planning meeting of the workshop on ID: 925 the inclusion of disaster concepts into schools' Au: Gerrish, Harold P. curriculum. Ti: Hurricane Emily 20 to 26 September 1987: Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO. PCDPPP; 1987. preliminary report. Co: Planning Meeting for Workshop on Infusion of Pub:Miami; US. National Hurricane Centre; 22. Disaster Concepts into School Curriculum; Ab: Emily (1987) was the first hurricane in the Caribbean Bridgetown, 10-11, Dec. 1987. Sea since Katrina (1981). Emily was a small hurricane Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency but will be remembered because of its impact on the Response Agency. Dominican Republic as well as its acceleration and sudden strengthening before hitting Bermuda. There was considerable damage to the banana industry on St. Vincent, and the farm industry in the Dominican Republic was seriously hurt - part of some $30 million in damages there. Bermuda suffered some $35

98 million in damages as some 200 homes had major Pub:St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic roof damage. Research Unit; 1987. 20. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: A brief assessment is given of the levels of seismic Response Agency. and volcanic hazard in the Commonwealth West Indian countries. It is shown that the total loss of life and damage to property from these types of disaster ID: 926 in the historical period has exceeded that Au: Dominica. National Emergency Planning caused by all other natural disasters. Damage and Organization. loss of life caused by earthquakes and volcanic Ti: Manual for shelter wardens. eruptions have, however, been concentrated in a Pub: Roseau; Dominica. Prime Minister's Office; 1987. 9. small number of comparatively rare events so Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency that public awareness of these hazards is probably Response Agency. lower than it is of other potential natural disasters. Results of hazard assessments which have already been carried out are described briefly and the systems ID: 927 of monitoring which are currently in operation are Au: Burns, Carolyn C. described. Generally speaking the current levels Ti: Interactions of risk analysis and contingency of monitoring are adequate. A notable exception is planning in risk management. Jamaica where there is an urgent need for upgrading Pub:Boston; Stone and Webster Engineering; 1897. 10. of the seismic monitoring system. Elsewhere in the Co: Industrial Emergency Planning Seminar; Port of region the prime need is for more training of young Spain, 25, Nov. 1987. scientists in the techniques of assessment of Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency these types of hazard. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 928 Au: Huntley, Gillian A. D. ID: 931 Ti: Report of the consultant in public awareness Au: Mullings, Audrey; Noel, Gloria E. education for the Jamaican Office of Disaster Ti: Proposal for exploring the role of women in Preparednes. disaster management. Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; Nov. Pub:St. Johns; UNDRO. Pan Caribbean Disaster 1987. 25. Preparedness and Prevention Project; 1987. 4. Pr: WMO. Flood Plain Mapping Project. JAM/82/009. Ab: Proposal is centered around the need for guidelines Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency relating to the involvement of women in disaster Response Agency. management within the context of the development process in each country and suggests some of the ways in which women can contribute in the three ID: 929 phases namely preparedness, response and recovery. Ti: Report of the fourth intergovernmental meeting Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency on the action plan for the Caribbean environment Response Agency. programme. Pub: Santiago; UNEP; 1987. 42. Co: Intergovernmental Meeting on the Action Plan for ID: 932 the Caribbean Environment Programme and Meeting Au: Gelabert, Pedro A. of Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Ti: Beach erosion in the Caribbean. Protection and Development of the Marine Pub: Puerto Rico; US. Committee for the Man and Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region.; 26-28, Biosphere Programme; 1987. 41. Oct. 1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. ID: 933 Au: Trinidad and Tobago. Airports Authority. ID: 930 Ti: Emergency procedures manual. Au: Shepherd, John B. Pub: Piarco; Airports Authority; 1987. 2.. Ti: Earthquake and volcanic hazard assessment and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency monitoring in the Commonwealth Caribbean - Response Agency. current status and needs for the future. 99 ID: 934 ID: 937 Au: Siam Lahera, C. Au: Haynes Sutton, Ann. Ti: Corrientes superficiales alrededor de Cuba. Ti: Hurricane Gilbert strikes Jamaica's unique So: Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Pesqueras; birdlife. 13(12):99-107, 1988. So: World Birdwatch; 10 (3-4):l&11, 1988. Ab: Presenta las cartas de corrientes superficiales Ab: The vulnerability of island ecosystems to natural alrededor de Cuba en las épocas de primavera y disasters was illustrated in the most dramatic way otoño, basadas en tres cruceros de investigación when Hurricane Gilbert raged across Jamaica on the efectuados. Concluye que la dirección de las 12/13 September 1988. It will be some time corrientes presentan variaciones por costas y época before the implications of the storm (said to be the del año, siendo la parte noroccidental de la Isla la most powerful ever recorded) for the natural zona más estable. En la costa sur las corrientes son environment can be assessed but preliminary más complejas, existiendo intercambios de agua con impressions suggest that they may be very severe. la plataforma, así como variaciones en la dirección de Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. las corrientes que forman giros ciclónicos y anticiclónicos. Las mayores velocidades se registran ID: 938 en las zonas cercanas a las costas y en los centros de Au: Gómez Carro, R; Pérez Eiriz, María C; Pubillones circulaciones ciclónicas y anticiclónicas, alcanzando León, María A. los mayores valores (459 cm/seg. y 486 cm/seg.) al Ti: Influencia del hurac n Kate sobre la calidad del norte de Pinar del Río y La Habana respectivamente. agua de la laguna de la Leche. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. So: Voluntad Hidráulica; 25(79):39-46, 1988. Ab: Expone mediante tres muestreos los efectos del ID: 935 huracán "Kate" sobre la calidad del agua de la Au: Villamil Martínez, A; Carreras Rodríguez, A. lagunade La Leche. Los resultados demostraron que Ti: Estudio de las velocidades torrenciales y tiempos el paso del huracán aumentó la descomposición de la de retardo de la región oriental de Cuba. materia orgánica arrastrada, lo cual se constató por el So: Voluntad Hidráulica; 25(78):43-56, 1988. aumento de la DBO y la DQO y la disminución de Ab: Realiza un estudio de las velocidades ocurridas en oxígeno disuelto, el pH y la alcalinidad. Esta materia grandes avenidas y tiempo de retardo por el cauce en orgánica provocó la gran producción de nutrientes la región oriental de Cuba sobre la base de datos minerales, que produjeron un desarrollo explosivo de básicos proporcionados por 25 staciones las aguas con un incremento de las concentraciones hidrométricas. Describe el proceso de análisis, de oxígeno disuelto y del pH, y un descenso en los presentando valores reales caracter¡sticos de valores de la DBO y la DBQ. Los resultados velocidades medias y fórmulas empíricas para su reflejan también un proceso de dilución de las aguas, cálculo, así como comparación de lo tiempos de que ocasiona una disminución de los coliformes retardo por el cauce, calculados con los que ofrecen totales y fecales. Plantea que el huracán "Kate" las fórmulas empleadas hasta el presente en Cuba. originó un mejoramiento de la calidad del agua de la Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. laguna La Leche, evidenciándose en la disminución de los organismos coliformes primero y, ID: 936 posteriormente, en el amplio desarrollo del fito y Au: Fernández Milanés, N; Ivedchuk, V. zooplanctón observado en el mes de marzo de 1986. Ti: Evaluación de los par metros hidrológicos Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. extremos observados durante el ciclón Flora. So: Voluntad Hidráulica; 25(79):3-6, 1988. ID: 939 Ab: Evalúa los parámetros hidrológicos extremos Au: Shepherd, John B. observados durante el paso del ciclón "Flora", por las Ti: Is the risk of a major earthquake in Kingston provincias orientales y, en específico, para la cuenca increasing?. del río Cauto. Se basa en los trabajos e So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 24:44-8, investigaciones de campo (preguntas a pobladores en 1988. la cuenca). Presenta los fundamentos a los criterios y Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

valores que se ofrecen en este trabajo. Concluye que ID: 940 las obras hidrotécnicas existentes y proyectadas (sin Au: Isaacs, Michael C; Wadge, Geoffrey. considerar Cauto El Paso) no solucionan el problema Ti: Mapping the volcanic hazards from Soufriere de la regulación del escurrimiento de las avenidas en Hills volcano, Montserrat, West Indies, using an el río Cauto. image processor. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. So: Journal of the Geological Society of London; 145(4):541-51, 1988. 100 Ab: We have used a digital model of the topography of ID: 943 Montserrat, a simple mathematical model of Au: Moore, J. Casey; Mascle, Alain; Taylor, Elliott. gravitational flow and some assumptions of the way Ti: Tectonics and hydrogeology of the northern in which the next eruption will develop to create a Barbados Ridge: results from ocean drilling map of the volcanic hazards from Soufriere Hills program leg 110. Volcano. This has been done using an image So: Geological Society of America Bulletin; 100: 1578-93, processing computer to simulate the deposits Oct. 1988. produced by pyroclastic flows. This technique has Ab: Drilling near the deformation front of the northern the advantages over more traditional cartographic Barbados Ridge cred an accretionary prism consisting methods of spatial precision, rapid compilation of of imbricately thrusted Neogene hemipelagic multiple eruption models and the explicit nature of sediments detached from little - deformed Oligocene the physical model used. Soufriere Hills Volcano is a to Campanian underthrust deposits by a decollement small andesitic volcano characterised by a cluster of zone composed of lower Miocene to upper summit domes and an apron of pyroclastic flow Oligocene, scaly radiolarian deposits and mudflows upon which several thousand claystone.Biostratigrafically defined age inversions people now live. Most of the flanks were covered by define thrust faults in the accretionary prism that deposits from a series of eruptions from 24,000 to correlate between sites and are apparent on the 16,000 a BP, though there is some evidence that seismic reflection sections. Two sites located 12 and dome growth and small pyroclastic flows have 17 km west of deformation front document occurred since. The modelling is constrained by field containing deformation of the accreted sediments evidence from the deposits of previous eruptions. during their uplift. Deformational features include Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. both large- and small- scale folding and continued thrust faulting with the development of stratal ID: 941 disruption, cataclastic shear zones, and the Au: Fritz-Sheridan, R. P; Coxson, D. S. proliferation of scaly fabrics. These features, Ti: Nitrogen fixation on a tropical volcano La resembling structures of accretionary complexes Soufriere (Guadeloupe): the interaction of exposed on land, have developed in sediments never temperature, moisture, and light with net buried. photosynthesis and nitrogenease activity in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. stereocaulon virgatum and response to periods of insolation shock. So: Biotechnologist; 20(1):63-81, 1988. ID: 944 Ab: The response of net photosynthesis, dark respiration Au: Dranis, Jeffrey; Tedesco, Lenore P; Tyrell, Kenith M; and acetylene reduction to temperature, moisture and Wanless, Harold R. light intensity were examined for Stereocaulon Ti: Tidal-flat sediment from Hurricane Kate, Caicos virgatum growing in the cloud/shroud zone on the Platform British West Indies. tropical volcano La Soufriere, Guadeloupe, French So: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology; 58(4):724-38, 1988. West Indies. Rates for both acetylene reduction and Ab: Hurricane-generated, thinly bedded grainstones are net photosynthesis were maximal at saturating water the dominant style of stratification on the carbonate contents, a pattern attributed to the finely branched tidal-flat complex on Caicos Platform, British West nature of the phyllocladoid branchlets and the Indies. This is in dramatic contrast to the winter- exposed position of spherical cephalodia, both of storm-generated millimeter-thick laminae which which minimize the formation of surface and dominate stratification on the northwest Andros tidal interhyphal water films. Under conditions typical of flats and have become the general criteria for those during cloud/shroud periods (13-16 C), thalli recognizing ancient carbonate tidal-flat sequences. of S.virgatum exhibit many characteristics seen in Hurricane Kate, which passed directly across the other shade-tolerant lichen species. Caicos tidal flats on 18 November, 1985, provided an Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. opportunity both to document the character and distribution of a specific storm-sediment layer and to evaluate the role of hurricanes in moulding the ID: 942 geometry of the tidal-flat system. Au: Hamilton, E. I. ed. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Petroleum residues in surficical sediments from the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad. So: Marine Pollution Bulletin; 19(5):231-3, 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

101 ID: 945 University of the West Indies. Seismic events are Au: Godschalk, David R; Brower, David J; Beatley, recorded on 600 metre reels of magnetic tape and the Timothy. position of each event is located and the magnitude Ti: Catastrophic coastal storms: hazard mitigation and epicentre determined. In addition to the network and development. of seismic stations there are six strong motion Pub: College Station; Duke University Press; 1988. 275. accelerographs which are deployed in high rise Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. buildings in urban and rural Jamaica. Since their installation in the mid 1970's, only one earthquake in ID: 946 1978 yielded a good strong motion record. In 1983 Au: Cambers, Gillian. the Jamaica Bureau of Standards introduced a Ti: Coastal erosion and conservation in two Eastern National Building Code for engineers in which it Caribbean Islands, Barbados and Grenada. sn; recommends that structures be designed according to 1988. 6. the code of the Structural Engineers Association of Co: 11th Caribbean Geological Conference; Bridgetown, California. 20-26, Jul, 1986. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency.

ID: 947 ID: 950 Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Au: Antigua and Barbuda. National Office of Disaster Ti: Critical factors influencing adjustments to Preparedness. natural hazards among St. Lucia banana Ti: Guidelines for district disaster preparedness farmers. committee: official draft. Pub:Castries; Saint Lucia. Central Planning Unit Pub: St. Johns; Antigua and Barbuda. National Office of Organization of American States; 1988. 70. Disaster Preparedness; 1988. 39. Ab: This study collected information on the farmers' of St. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lucia perception, knowledge and adjustments to Response Agency. threats posed by hurricanes and natural storms. It evaluates the effectiveness of traditional hurricane ID: 951 mitigation strategies used by small farmers. It Au: Rowley, Keith C. identified and evaluated public mitigation Ti: Introduction to volcanoes in the Eastern strategies as well as identified and isolated these Caribbean. factors that best explain variations among the small Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic farmers. Research Unit; 1988. 10. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library; UWI, Mona, Science Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Library. Response Agency.

ID: 948 ID: 952 Au: Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency Au: Seon, Kenneth. Ti: CIDA contributes to regional emergency Ti: Investigation of the impact of Hurricane Emily telecommunications network. of September 1987 on the Commonwealth So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2 : 3, Jan. – Jun. 1993. Caribbean and Bermuda with emphasis on the Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library. dynamics of the information flow of storm warnings and advisories to the public, and of ID: 949 communication between critical sectors involved Au: Jackson, Trevor A. in emergency operations. Ti: Development and present status of seismic Pub:St. Johns; UNDRO. Pan Caribbean Disaster research work in Jamaica, West Indies. Preparedness and Prevention Project; 1988. 33. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies, Mona; 1988. Ab: Describes the path of the hurricane through the 12. Caribbean giving detailed report on the impact on Ab: The Seismic Research Unit of the University of the several islands in the Caribbean. Looks particularly at West Indies first began its operations in Jamaica in each island's state of preparedness, the warning 1963 with the installation of a single vertical systems, use of the media, meteorological services component seismometer. Since 1963 the number of and the functioning of the local national stations has increased and presently there is a disaster committees. network of five short period vertical component Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency seismometers linked by radio telemetry to the base Response Agency. recording station at the Mona Campus of the 102 ID: 953 ID: 956 Au: Wadge, Geoffrey; Isaacs, Michael C. Ti: Disaster information system and regional Ti: Mapping the volcanic hazards from Soufriere disaster communication needs of the Pan Hills volcano, Montserrat, West Indies using an Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention image processor. Project (PCDPPP). Pub:St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic So: In: Marrett, Christine; Balson, David. Report on Research Unit; 1988. 12.. UWIDITE/IDRC workshop on computer-based Ab: Used a digital model of the topography of Montserrat, communication for Caribbean development. a simple mathematical model of gravitational flow Kingston , University of the West Indies, 1988. 80-81 and some assumptions of the way in which the next Co: UWIDITE/IDRC Workshop on Computer-Based eruption will develop to create a map of the volcanic Communication for Caribbean Development; hazards from Soufriere Hills Volcano. This has been Kingston, 28-30, Mar. 1988. done using an image processing computer to simulate Ab: Access to relevant information, availibility of means the deposits produced by pyroclastic flows. This of reliable communications, and the ability to transfer technique has the advantages over more traditional data quickly is important to the process of disaster cartographic methods of spatial precision, rapid management. Computer-based communications computation of multiple eruption models and the systems have become a normal part of emergency explicit nature of the physical model used. Soufriere operations. The Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Hills Volcano is a small andesitic volcano and Prevention Project(PCDPPP) has been linked characterised by a cluster of summit domes and an with the UNDRONET system since November apron of pyroclastic flow deposits and mudflows 1987. PCDPPP is seeking to establish a upon which several thousand people now live. The network of contacts and a computerized networking modelling is constrained by field evidence from the system can facilitate services such as: - operational deposits of previous eruptions. Although the information for complex disaster incidents; - situation evidence is not good enough to model individual reports with real-time updates; - case studies; - flow units, the cumulative deposits can be used. bibliographic and other services associated with From the eruption deposit models was created a new conventional information services. PCDPPP will type of map specifically for emergency planning. depend on the availability of efficient regional data This sequential hazard zone map attempts to portray communication systems to ensure timely, useful and the regions that would be at hazard from pyroclastic productive service for the emergency management flows during successive stages from the start of an interests in the region. eruption whose energy release was increasing with Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency time. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 957 ID: 954 Au: Earle, Aedan H. Ti: Plan of Action to reduce the hazards of Ti: Review of erosion, slope stability and flooding in pesticides/prepared by the Pesticide Task Force, the eastern watersheds of Jamaica. National Food and Nutrition Co-ordinating Pub:Kingston; Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness; Committee of Jamaica. 1988. Pub: Kingston; NFNCC ; 1988. 18. Ab: Effect of man's activities in the upland regions of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Jamaica is accelerated erosion rates and increased runoff. The loss of topsoil leads to decreased fertility ID: 955 of the soil and the flood potential of rivers in these Au: Navarro Gómez, N. watersheds is increased by the large influx of Ti: Potencial redox y su influencia en las sediment. High rates of sedimentation in rivers propiedades qu¡micas de los suelos en increases the flood potential of these rivers by condiciones de inundación. reducing the channels and in some cases, blocking the Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; 1988. 113. channel. The resultant elevated water levels causes Th: Submitted to Academia de Ciencias. Instituto de flooding in low lying areas. Suelos presented for the degree Doctor en Ciencias Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Agrícolas. Response Agency. Ab: Estudia el humus en los suelos de Cuba, sus

características y métodos de extracción. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.

103 ID: 958 ID: 963 Au: Goddard, Donald. Au: Beckles, David. Ti: Seismic stratigraphy and sedimentation of the Ti: Computers in earthquake monitoring at the Cariaco Basin and surrounding continental shelf, Seismic Research Unit, U.W.I, Trinidad & northeastern Venezuela. Tobago. Pub: sn; 1988. So: In: Shepherd, John B; Rowley, Keith C; Lynch, Lloyd Co: 11th Caribbean Geological Conference ; Bridgetown, L; Beckles, David; Suite, Winston H. E. Summary 20 –26, Jul. 1986. proceedings of Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Seminar (LAVAS). St. Augustine, University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit, 1988. 26-28. Co: Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Seminar ID: 959 (LAVAS); St. Augustine, 25-26, Apr. 1988. Au: Bicheler, Jean. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Solid waste collection and disposal in Castries Response Agency.; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster and environs: diagnostic report. Information Center for Latin America and the Pub: s.l; s.n; 1988. Caribbean; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. ID: 964 Au: Suite, Winston H. E. ID: 960 Ti: Question of risk assessment and natural Au: Griffith, Mark D; Collymore, Jeremy McA. disasters. Ti: Speightstown flood study. So: In: Shepherd, John B; Rowley, Keith C; Lynch, Lloyd Pub: Bridgetown; Canadian High Commission; 1988. L; Beckles, David; Suite, Winston H. E. Summary Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency proceedings of Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Response Agency. Seminar (LAVAS). St. Augustine, University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit, 1988. 29-31. ID: 961 Co: Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Seminar Au: Rowley, Keith C. (LAVAS); St. Augustine, 25-26, Apr. 1988. Ti: Caribbean volcanoes and their associated Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency hazards. Response Agency.; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster So: In: Shepherd, John B; Rowley, Keith C; Lynch, Lloyd Information Center for Latin America and the L; Beckles, David; Suite, Winston H. E. Summary Caribbean; UWI, Mona, Science Library. proceedings of Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Seminar (LAVAS). St. Augustine, University of the ID: 965 West Indies, Seismic Research Unit, 1988. 7-14. Au: Shepherd, John B. Co: Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Seminar Ti: Volcanic surveillance and emergency response in (LAVAS); St. Augustine, 25-26, Apr. 1988. the OECS. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: In: Shepherd, John B; Rowley, Keith C; Lynch, Lloyd Response Agency.; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster L; Beckles, David; Suite, Winston H. E. Summary Information Center for Latin America and the proceedings of Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Caribbean; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Seminar (LAVAS). St. Augustine, University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit, 1988. 15-19. Co: Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Seminar ID: 962 (LAVAS); St. Augustine, 25-26, Apr. 1988. Au: Shepherd, John B; Rowley, Keith C; Lynch, Lloyd L; Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Beckles, David; Suite, Winston H. E. Response Agency.; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Ti: Summary proceedings of Lesser Antilles volcanic Information Center for Latin America and the assessment seminar (LAVAS). Caribbean; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit; 1988. 31. ID: 966 Co: Lesser Antilles Volcanic Assessment Seminar Au: Bacarreza, Vivian. (LAVAS); St. Augustine, 25-26, Apr. 1988. Ti: The identification, monitoring and mitigation of Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency hazardous risks in towns and villages of Response Agency.; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Grenada: a manual. Information Center for Latin America and the Pub: St. George's; Organization of American States Caribbean; UWI, Science Mona, Library. National Emergency Relief Organisation; 1988. 38.

104 Lo: Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Information Center for organisations particularly the family were modified as Latin America and the Caribbean; UWI, Mona, demographic shifts and migrations in search of Science Library. housing and employment occurred. It is further shown that neither societal vulnerability nor resiliency ID: 967 has improved despite that trauma. Au: Williams, Lawrence A. D. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: The immediate and post effects of Hurricane Response Agency. Gilbert on a lowland coffee farm located in

Nassau Valley in the parish of St. Elizabeth. ID: 970 Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1988. 11. Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Ab: Hurricane Gilbert, the worst hurricane recorded to Ti: Evidence of man-induced climatic change in the date in the western hemisphere, struck the island of Fall and Basins of Jamaica, West Jamaica on the 12th September, 1988, with winds Indies. velocity of 120 miles/hr. Damage assessment of So: In: Nkemdirim, Lawrence C. ed. Tropical coffee trees revealed that trees located on slope of environment: Proceedings of the International 25-30o, suffered significantly higher damage than in Symposium on Physical and Human Resources of the the valley floor (P0.05). Inspection of damaged trees Tropics. Calgary, Alberta, International Geographical revealed that 98 percent and 78 percent were Union, 1988. 106-111. damaged from slope and valley areas respectively, n 1. Co: International Symposium of the Working Group on Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Tropical Climatology and Human Settlements of the

International Geographical Union; Kingston, 4-7,

Aug. 1987. ID: 968 Ab: There is evidence of macro-climatic change in at least Au: Hinds, Hugh C; Reid, Stanley E. some parts of the Caribbean region. In keeping with Ti: The natural oil spill contingency plan and the this trend, the land-surface climate of the fall and role of the Ministry of Energy in environmental Hope river basins in Jamaica is manifesting evidence protection. of progressive desiccation and increasing seasonality Pub: Port of Spain; Trinidad and Tobago. Ministry of of precipitation. Xeric anthropogenic environmental Energy; 1988. 5. pressures are the causative factors in this change Ab: Outlines the role of the Ministry of Energy in towards a lower-yield biotic eco-regime. Water preventing and combating pollution affecting the land resources are also being adversely affected and marine areas. The contingency plan was throughout the basins. prepared by the Ministry in close collaboration with Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency the oil companies and other relevant Government Response Agency. Ministries and Agencies. States that the plan was

designed to provide for coordinated response by local

agencies in the protection of both the land and ID: 971 marine environments from oil spills. The plan also Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. provides for the soliciting of assistance from external Ti: Geophysical events and human use systems: a agencies when dealing with spills in excess of 20,000 revised research agenda. barrels. So: In: Nkemdirim, Lawrence C. ed. Tropical Lo: Jamaica, Scientific Research Council. environment: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Physical and Human Resources of ID: 969 the Tropics. Calgary, Alberta, International Au: Granger, Orman E. Geographical Union, 85-91. Ti: Geographical events and social change in the Co: International Symposium of the Working Group on eastern Caribbean. Tropical Climatology and Human Settlements of the Ab: It is shown that in the aftermath of the disaster International Geographical Union; Kingston, 4-7, triggered by hurricanes and a volcanic eruption Aug. 1987. changes occurred in the economies of some of the Ab: The positivism subsumed in studies of natural islands both in the restoration and reconstruction disasters is gradually being replaced by theories which periods. Changes occurred in the political power consider them as part natural and part environmental, structure and in the political philosophy of the ruling societal economic and attitudinal. A revised agenda parties. Further, that recovery from devastation for dealing with natural hazards and the concomitant depended on external aid that proved to be a bane to disasters must include education on the political and economic independence and self determination. The social levels, and the identification of a range of structure of, and interrelationships within social options for dealing with potential disasters. Policy on 105 disaster mitigation must be drawn interactively with Ab: The objectives of the workshop series was: (1) to potential victims and integrated into the development review the role and activities of the mass media in planning process. support of disaster awareness public education; (ii) to Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency determine the necessary institutional ties and linkages Response Agency. between disaster managers/experts and the mass media; (iii) to define public information strategies to ID: 972 develop the capacity of Caribbean people to prevent Au: Wadge, Geoffrey; Isaacs, Michael C. and withstand the impact of disasters; and (iv) to Ti: Volcanic hazards from Soufriere Hills volcano, suggest guidelines for regional/national media Montserrat, West Indies. disaster response policies and programme Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic collaboration. Research Unit; 1988. 70. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Soufriere Hills volcano is active and will erupt again. Response Agency. It is a potential threat to many of the people that live in Southern Montserrat. Future eruptions will involve the creation of pyroclastic flows and surges ID: 975 and mudflows on the flanks associated with the Au: Carity, B. G. J. growth of a dome of lava within a specific region Ti: Hurricane Emily 25 September 1987: a report. around the summit. The deposits and effects of such Pub:Hamilton; Bermuda. Emergency Measures eruptions are very dangerous. Relevant aspects of the Organisation; 1988. 112. geology of the island are discussed including the Ab: Report summarises the work of the Emergency results of previous geological mapping and Measures Organization in the run-up to, during and monitoring of the volcano-seismic crises in 1966-67, in the aftermath of, the storm. It outlines the 1933-37 and 1897-98, when the volcano may have formation and implementation of the recovery plan. come close to erupting. Computer models were used It attempts to highlight weaknesses which came to to simulate the effects of a wide variety of eruptions. notice during the operations and makes Results are presented and incorporated into maps of recommendations which would improve the ability of volcanic hazards. Suggests that emergency planning the public and private sectors in Bermuda to cope should allow for the three possible types of eruption with potential natural disasters. Report deals also with and that some consideration be given to strategies for some aspects of the recovery. mitigating the damage done to the island by the loss Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency during eruption of the centralised facilities in Response Agency.

Plymouth. Land use planning should take account of the mudflow hazards and the high risk area east of ID: 976 English's crater. Ti: PAHO disaster response team manual for post Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency disaster needs assessment. Response Agency. Pub: St. Johns; Pan American Health Organization; 1988. 55. ID: 973 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: De Graff, Jerome V. Response Agency. Ti: Landslide hazard on St. Vincent, West Indies: final report. ID: 977 Pub: Washington D.C.; OAS; 1988. 20. Au: Shepherd, John B. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Case histories of three recent eruptions in the Response Agency. Lesser Antilles. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic Research Unit; 1988. 11. ID: 974 Co: Lesser Antillean Volcanic Activity Seminar; St. Au: Gordon Gofton, Lorna. Augustine, 25-26, Apr. 1988. Ti: Report on media sensitization workshops Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Barbados, Montserrat, Jamaica, January 25-29, Response Agency. 1988. Pub: St. Johns; United Nations Disaster Relief ID: 978 Organization. Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Au: Suite, Winston H. E. and Prevention Project.; 1988. 30. Ti: Question of risk assessment and natural Co: Media Sensitization Workshops; 25-29, Jan. 1988. disasters.

106 Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, Seismic ID: 981 Research Unit; 1988. 3. Au: Gordon Gofton, Lorna. Co: Lesser Antillean Volcanic Activity Seminar; St. Ti: Report on media disaster Augustine, 25-26, Apr. 1988. awareness/sensitization workshops, Trinidad Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency July 12, 1988 and St. Vincent July 18, 1988 also Response Agency. volcanism research - Trinidad. Pub:St. Johns; United Nations Disaster Relief Organization. Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness ID: 979 and Prevention Project; 1988. 27. Au: Lee, Wendy. Co: Media disaster awareness/sensitization; 12-18, Jul. Ti: The impact of ganga cultivation on bat 1988. population in Jamaica. Ab: A) The objectives of the workshop series was: (i) to So: Jamaica Journal; 21(2):53-5, May – Jul. 1988. review the role and activities of the mass media in Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. support of disaster awareness public education; (ii) to determine the necessary institutional ties and linkages between disaster managers/experts and the mass ID: 980 media; (iii) to define public information strategies to Au: O'Hara, Martin. develop the capacity of Caribbean people to prevent Ti: Floods, flood damage and flood risk assessment and withstand the impact of disasters; and (iv) to in tropical environments: a Jamaican case study. suggest guidelines for regional/national media Pub: ; s.n; 467. disaster response policies and programme Th: Submitted to University of Exeter presented for the collaboration. B) Research conducted on volcanism degree Ph.D. public safety awareness and education, established Ab: The crisis following a flood disaster in 1979 in that the residents of volcanic islands in the Eastern western Jamaica demonstrated that the country was Caribbean lack basic knowledge of volcanism and are not prepared for the impact of severe natural hazards. strongly influenced by folk knowledge and oral Post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation traditions. Secondly that a volcano may be inactive so planning was seriously constrained by a fundamental long that it is no longer regarded as a volcano. lack of knowledge of the severity of the natural Thirdly, the subject has nowhere been documented as processes that had led to the disaster. This thesis a basic text for formal or informal educational suggests appropriate disaster mitigation measures that purposes. A number of recommendations are made may be used to reduce the vulnerability of western to correct this situation. Jamaica to flood hazards in the future. Flood risk in Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency the region is studied, and the recurrence/frequencies Response Agency. of the floods in 1979 are estimated. The geomorphological significance of the event is ID: 982 assessed, and general damage to buildings and to the Au: Wilkinson, Clive R; Cheshire, Anthony C. road system is evaluated. Traditional responses to Ti: Growth rate of Jamaican coral reef sponges after risk problems are considered and, because they are Hurricane Allen. found to be in need of improvement, a flood risk So: Biological Bulletin; 175-9, Aug. 1988. management system is developed for the region. The Ab: Growth rate estimates for five coral reef sponges on vulnerability of western Jamaica to floods is assessed, the Discovery Bay fore-reef are presented. These and a risk model is designed to assist the were determined from the size of individual sponges development of land-use planning policies. growing on the coral rubble that was deposited when Improved methods of flood prediction are proposed, Hurricane Allen struck the north coast of Jamaica in and recommendations are made for improvements in August 1980. Sponges collected in February 1986 building and engineering practices to mitigate the were weighted and their growth rate determined effects of future disasters. Contingency plans are using the MIX program, originally developed to developed to improve the efficiency and quality of analyze size-frequency data in fish populations. post-disaster surveys following future impacts, so that Sponge doubling times were 232 and 304 days, with effective rehabilitation and reconstruction planning evidence that early exponential growth may be may take place. slowing down after four years. The fastest growing Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency sponges were those with small populations of Response Agency. symbiotic cyanobacteria, indicating that there may be a selective advantage for these sponges with photosynthetic symbionts. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 107 ID: 992 ID: 983 Ti: Gilbert out did Charlie. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):3, Sept. /Dec. Ti: Caring for the homeless victims. 1988. So: Floodplain News; 1(4):5+, Sept. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The process of managing an emergency or disaster includes the phases of rescue and evacuation, relief, ID: 993 recovery and rehabilitation. The final phase begins Ti: Gilbert smashes Jamaica. even before the disaster or emergency has passed. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):4 Sept. /Dec. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 984 ID: 994 Ti: Disaster news briefs. Au: Wint, Barry. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):7, Sept./Dec. 1988. Ti: Health effects of natural disasters. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Floodplain News; 1(4):12, Sept. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 985 Ti: Effects of Hurricane Gilbert on Jamaica. ID: 995 So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):10-11, Sept./Dec. Ti: Hurricane Joan. 1988. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):6, Sept./Dec. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 986 ID: 996 Ti: Effects on the UWI campus. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15/16):4, Ti: Jamaicans observe Puerto Ricans flood plains September/December 1988. programmes. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Floodplain News; 1(4):1-2, Sept. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 987 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. ID: 997 Ti: Emergency Services to the Rescue. Ti: Lessons from recent events hurricane Gilbert. So: Floodplain News; 1(4):4-5, Sept. 1988. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):1-2, Sept. /Dec. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 988 Au: Gray, Calvin R. ID: 998 Ti: FPMP benefits National MET Service. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. So: Floodplain News; 1(4):8, Sept. 1988. Ti: Rio Cobre warning system mid '89. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Floodplain News; 1(4):1+ Sept. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 989 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. ID: 999 Ti: Flood knowledge and disaster attitude part 2. Ti: Tropical weather systems affecting the So: Floodplain News; 1(4):9, Sept. 1988. Caribbean. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):2+ Sept./Dec. 1988. ID: 990 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Geological society seminar examines floods. So: Floodplain News; 1(4):3, 10, Sept. 1988. ID: 1000 Co: Floods; Kingston, Jul. 1988. Ti: Hurricanes and houses. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; Construction Resource and Development Centre; 1988. 19. ID: 991 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Gilbert in the Caribbean. Emergency Management.

So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):3, Sept. /Dec. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 108 ID: 1001 Authority and National Meteorological Service Au: Aarons, John A. reports on damages to their equipment. Ti: Rescuing water damaged documents after Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Hurricane Gilbert. Response Agency; Pub: Kingston; National Library of Jamaica; 1988. 5. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1007 Response Agency; Jamaica, National Library of Au: Boulle, Philippe. Jamaica. Ti: United Nations and disaster relief: practical case of Hurricane Gilbert. ID: 1002 Pub:New York; UNDRO; 1988. 9. Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Agriculture. Ab: Describes the system of organization of United Ti: Resuscitation of the banana industry after Nations disaster relief; its predisaster preparedness Hurricane Gilbert on September 12, 1988. and mitigation functions; its functions during and Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Agriculture; 1988. 5. after a disaster, using the case of Hurricane Gilbert in Ab: Looks at the acreage of bananas which had been Jamaica to illtrate the UN disaster relief system of established prior to the hurricane and what could be organization. Points out some of the lessons learned expected post-disaster with an estimate of income from this disaster and the evaluation exercises which lost. Tables material requirements i.e. inputs UNDRO will be carrying out to evaluate the needed, labour requirements and the total cost of effectiveness of its own support. Also points out the resuscitation. value of donors, the United Nations and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency NGOs, following the lead of the Jamaican Response Agency; government which is the central authority and not

acting on their own, as this can complicate matters ID: 1003 and retard effective delivery of relief supplies. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Dominica: five year plan. Response Agency.

So: Disasters; (36):4, 7, Oct. 1988. ID: 1008 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Hurricane Gilbert emergency plan: forestry and

the environment. ID: 1004 Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Agriculture. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Department of Forestry and Soil Conservation; 1988. Ti: Hurricane Gilbert. Ab: Reports on the extensive damage done to the nation's So: Disasters; (36):5, Oct. 1988. forest resources and the government's plan for its Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. utilization. Identifies what salvage and rehabilitation work needs to be done and sets target dates for completion. Summarizes estimated costs for the ID: 1005 labour and material inputs needed. A proposed list Au: Williams, Mervin C. of tools and equipment needed to carry out Ti: The impact of "Hurricane Allen" on the St. operations is also appended. Lucia Banana Industry. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Caribbean Geography; 2(3):164-72, Oct.1988. Response Agency. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1006 ID: 1009 Au: Molina, Medardo; Nishimura, Yoshiaki; Christie, Au: Fernández, N; Panomoriov, B. Andrea; McLean, Peter. Ti: Condiciones meteorológicas en la formación de Ti: Hurricane Gilbert and its effects on Jamaica. las avenidas en la cuenca del río Cauto. Pub: Kingston; Flood Plain Mapping Project; 1988. Pub: Granma; s.n; 1988. 8. Ab: Describes the formation and passage over Jamaica of Co: 25 Años de Desarrollo Hidráulico en Cuba; Granma, hurricane Gilbert. Analyses rainfall records before, 4-6, Oct. 1988. during and after Gilbert as well as streamflow Ab: Plantea como objetivo, relacionar los fenómenos characteristics. The effects of Hurricane Gilbert on meteorológicos, ciclones y bajas tropicales que han the FPMP's outputs and the losses to the cruzado sobre la cuenca del Río Cauto y la hydro-meteorological network of Jamaica are proximidad de éstos en un radio de 100 kms con las catalogued. Damages are costed and the appendix avenidas provocadas por las intensas lluvias al paso presents satellite images of Gilbert, copies of news de estos, así como enmarcar las condiciones de releases, maps and copies of the Underground Water 109 cálculo en los métodos estadísticos para los gastos ID: 1015 máximos. Au: Harris, Norman H. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Ti: Update on landslide investigation: Preston Lands, St Mary. So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(2-3):9-10, Nov. 1988. ID: 1010 Pr: Geological Survey Divison. Landslip Movement. Au: Adams, Cyril B. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Disaster preparedness - some reflections on the passing of hurricane Gilbert. ID: 1016 Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1988. 6. Au: Construction Resource and Development Centre. Ab: Reviews, in the aftermath of hurricane Gilbert Training Programme for Peace Corps Volunteers. impacting on Jamaica, the island's preparedness and Ti: Post - Gilbert roof reconstruction. response and makes recommendations for improved Pub: Kingston; Construction Resource & Development performance in future disasters. Centre; 1988. 14. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Post-Gilbert roof reconstruction; Kingston, 10-11, Response Agency. Nov. 1988. Ab: Points out main kinds of roof failure in hurricane ID: 1011 Gilbert, details that can prevent vulnerability and Au: Oancea, M; Abreu, D; Portieles, F. L. ways to strengthen an existing roof. Appends public Ti: Grupo de programas para el pronóstico de information leaflets on the availability of relief inundaciones en una cuenca. supplies. Pub: Granma; s.n; 1988. 14. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: 25 Años de Desarrollo Hidráulico en Cuba; Granma, Response Agency. 4-6, Oct. 1988. Ab: Expone los programas denominados PRONDAT y ID: 1017 PRONCALC conforman un sistema de pronóstico Ti: Report of the workshop on emergency de inundaciones en una cuenca partiendo del management for public works. desbordamiento del río en secciones consideradas Pub:St. Johns; United Nations Disaster Relief como peligrosas. Plantea que en las mayores lluvias Organization. Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness caídas en el siglo en el territorio (final de mayo, inicio and Prevention Project.; 1988. 13. de junio de 1988) los resultados obtenidos en el Co: Workshop on Emergency Management for Public sistema han sido satisfactorios. Los dos programas Works; St. Johns, 24-25, Oct 1988. fueron escritos en el lenguaje GW-BASIC para Ab: The workshop covered emergency management in máquinas IBM compatibles y necesitan como pre public works; developing a plan through team work; requisito mínimo la tarjeta gráfica monócroma. earthquakes; the work of the PCDPPP in the Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Caribbean; case studies of hurricane Gilbert in Jamaica and hurricane Frederic; and volcanic ash ID: 1012 problems. Au: Morrison, Sandra. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Flood rains and their effects on Jamaica. Response Agency. So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(2-3):5-7, Nov. 1988. Co: Flood rains and their effects on Jamaica; Kingston, 2 ID: 1018 Jul. 1988. Ti: Seminar report on the role of the engineer in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. designing for disaster prevention and reducing disaster losses in the Caribbean. ID: 1013 Pub:St. Johns; UNDRO. Pan Caribbean Disaster Au: Rammerlaere, Marc. Preparedness and Prevention Project; 1988. 24. Ti: Landslide measuring device: Ivy Store. Co: Role of the Engineers in designing for disaster So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(2-3):9, Nov. 1988. prevention and reducing disaster losses in the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Caribbean; St. Johns, 26-27, Oct. 1988. Ab: Seminar looked at the types of damage caused to ID: 1014 buildings in Jamaica by Hurricane Gilbert and the Au: Jamaica. Geological Society of Jamaica. major causes of damage were identified as inadequate Ti: Of hurricane aid and stratigraphic indifference. design detailing, poor construction practices and So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(2-3):2-3, Nov. 1988. inadequate maintenance. It was shown that the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. CUBIC code was adequate and proper use gives substantical safety margins. Earthquakes and

110 volcanoes in the caribbean were also looked at and it ID: 1025 was shown that a paucity of data can lead to Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention incorrect design parameters. Telecommunications Project. systems to assist in disaster preparedness were also Ti: Gilbert in the Caribbean. discussed. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):3, Dec.1988. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency. ID: 1026 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Antigua. ID: 1019 Ti: Hurricane Gilbert and its effects on the health Au: Collins, Carol. sector in Jamaica: (some observations). Ti: Report of the inaugural meeting of the So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):5, Dec.1988. consultative committee on regional information Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. systems, Port of Spain, October 6-7, 1988. Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM Secretariat; Nov. 1988. 8. ID: 1027 Co: Inaugural Meeting of the Consultative Committee on Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Regional Information Systems.; Port of Spain, 6-7, Project. Oct. 1989. Ti: Hurricane Joan. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):6, Dec.1988. Response Agency. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1020 ID: 1028 Au: Michael, Cornelia. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Antigua & Barbuda earthquake awareness. Ti: Hydrological wonder at New Market. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):15, Dec.1988. So: Floodplain News; 1(5):3, Dec. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The passage of Hurricane Gilbert has again highlighted the peculiar situation which first came to ID: 1021 national prominence in June 1979, when flood waters Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. ravaged the town of New Market in St. Elizabeth, Ti: Communication procedures for disaster and continued to rise even after the rains abated. management. Explanations forwarded for this recurring event, cite So: Floodplain News; 1(5):11, Dec. 1988. a combination of limestone and topographic features Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. which are present in the area. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1022 Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention ID: 1029 Project. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Disaster news briefs. Ti: Jack's River flooding. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):7, Dec.1988. So: Floodplain News; 1(5):2, Dec. 1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Intense rainfall from approximately 12:30 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on November 3, 1988 resulted in ID: 1023 widespread flooding in the Jack's River area of St. Au: Shepherd, John B. Mary. Within one and a half hours after the rain Ti: Eruption of the Kick'em Jenny Submarine started, a significant increase in the water level of the Volcano. Oracabessa tributary was observed. The river So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):8, Dec.1988. subsequently overflowed its banks, flooding an area Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of approximately 37 acres which embraced valuable farm lands, residences and commercial ID: 1024 enterprises. Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Project. Ti: Gilbert smashes Jamaica. ID: 1030 So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):4, Dec.1988. Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Project. Ti: Lessons from recent events. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-6):1-2, Dec.1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 111 ID: 1031 ID: 1038 Au: UNDRO. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: PCDPPP-UNDRO component report on 1987 Ti: 100-yr flood boundary. project implementation. So: Floodplain News; 1(5):4, Dec. 1988. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):9, Dec.1988. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1039 Au: Zaida, J. G; Portal, C. M. ID: 1032 Ti: Propuesta de solución a los problemas de Au: Navarro, A. inundaciones en la vertiente sur de la provincia Ti: Relief reports in Haiti. de Pinar del Río. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):13, Dec.1988. Pub: La Habana; s.n; dic. 1988. 14. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Exposición Forjadores del Futuro, 5; La Habana, dic. 1988. ID: 1033 Ab: Plantea que se ha demostrado que la provincia de Au: Suite, Winston. Pinar del Río y en especial, la vertiente sur ha sido la Ti: Risk assessment and natural disasters in the mas afectada por las inundaciones. Señala que esto se Caribbean. puede afirmar al ver que en los últimos 100 años han So: Caribbean Disaster News; (15-16):12-3, Dec.1988. pasado por Pinar del Río aproximadamente el Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 40. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.

ID: 1034 ID: 1040 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Au: Menéndez, Y. Ti: Sea level rise. Ti: Aplicación de un modelo de análisis sistemático So: Floodplain News; 1(5):2, Dec. 1988. simplificado en el pronóstico de avenidas del Río Ab: "Now you see it; maybe later you won't," is the Mayabeque, Habana, Cuba. essence of the warning to policy makers, planners and Pub: La Habana; s.n; 1988. 10. entrepreneurs, by geo-scientists in the Caribbean. Co: Taller Internacional sobre Hidrología del Carso en la They are concerned about the projections of a Región del Caribe; La Habana, 4-12, Dec. 1988. warming of the atmosphere which will result Ab: La cuenca del Río Mayabeque presenta un notable inevitably in a rise of the sea level, with disasterous desarrollo del carso. En ella, la aplicación de consequences for the presently occupying coastal modelos matemáticos convencionales de pronóstico lands. de avenidas no refleja adecuadamente las Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. características del modelo natural del escurrimiento. Avalado por resultados experimentales en la cuenca, se aplicó a una región cársica de la misma un modelo ID: 1035 de análisis sistémico, donde las relaciones causa- Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. efectos no son lineales y los procesos que tienen lugar Ti: Shelter management. en el sistema son periódicos y estocásticos. Ello So: Floodplain News; 1(5):10, Dec. 1988. permitió conocer que el sistema cársico regula la Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. formación de la avenida y, a partir de esto, modificar

el modelo conceptual incluyendo nuevas variables ID: 1036 relacionadas con la influencia del carso sobre el Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. escurrimiento, precisándose los valores límites de las Ti: The role of the mass media. variables hidrológicas en estas condiciones. So: Floodplain News; 1(5):12, Dec. 1988. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1041 ID: 1037 Au: Webber, Dale F. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Effects of flood waters on the phytoplankton Ti: Trash rack for . community of Hellshire Coast, Southeast So: Floodplain News; 1(5):1-2, Dec. 1988. Jamaica. Pr: Floodplain Mapping Project. Trash Rack for Cave So: Catalyst; 19-22, 1989. River. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 112 ID: 1042 weeks the birds were incubating a new batch of eggs. Au: Lawson, D. E; Hunter, G. T; Hooper, R. The pelicans and frigate birds had moved their Ti: Environmental impacts and coral degradation nest site a short distance from the coast but by early Barbados coast. February some are back again nesting and roosting at Pub:Toronto, University of Waterloo, 1989. the old site, despite its tattered appearance. Despite Co: 12th Caribbean Geological Conference; Toronto, the severity of Hurricane Gilbert and the extensive 1989. damage, coastal ecosystems are recovering very Ab: Looks at the hazards that affect the Barbados coastal rapidly and pre-storm conditions have been Zone. Highlights the near-shore waters, subtidal reef reestablished in most seabird and waterfowl feeding coral substrate, beaches, backshore and island zone as habitats already. Hurricane effects on population all a part of a dynamic interacting environmental numbers are expected to be minor and some system. Environmental deterioration has behavioural adjustments are all that appear to occurred and is accelerating with adverse effects have been required from the waterbirds. especially on the west coast. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1047 ID: 1043 Au: Kiremidjian, Anne S. Au: Lawson, D. E; Hunter, G. T; Hooper, R. Ti: Probabilistic seismic hazard mapping. Ti: Erosion of the Barbados coast. So: JBI Journal; 7: 67-70, 1989. Pub: Toronto, University of Waterloo, 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

Co: 12th Caribbean Geological Conference; Toronto, ID: 1048 1989. Ti: Assesment of the economic impacts of Hurricane Ab: Looks at the Barbados south and west coast, prior to Gilbert on coastal and marine resources in settlement and since settlement; highlights the effects Jamaica. of hurricanes on the shoreline, the rate of shoreline So: Nairobi; UNEP; 1989. 78. erosion and the different states of the shoreline and Ab: This report is a first compilation of data and its vegetation before and after settlement. professional opinions on the effects of hurricanes on Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. a wide range of coastal and marine resources in

ID: 1044 Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Ti: Landslides in the Caribbean. ID: 1049 So: Caribbean Geography; 2(4):284-7, 1989. Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Agency. Ti: Brief review of the 1999 hurricane season. ID: 1045 So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2(1):3+, Jan. 2000. Au: Perkins, Godfrey W. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Mines safety in Jamaica. So: JBI Journal; 7 51-7, 1989. ID: 1050 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. Ti: Assessment of damage by Hurricane Hugo to ID: 1046 the agriculture, fishery and forestry sectors. Au: Bacon, Peter R. Pub: Bridgetown; FAO; 1989. 54. Ti: More on Hurricane Gilbert. Ab: Assesses the damage to crops, livestock, fisheries and So: World Birdwatch; 11(2):14, 1989. agricultural infrastructure for each of the affected Ab: Dire predictions of catastrophic damage to bird islands, and outlines immediate, medium term and populations in Jamaica as a result of Hurricane long term plans for the recovery of the sector. Gilbert (Haynes-Sutton; last issue) were not accepted Lo: UWI, Sir Aurthur Lewis Institute of Social and by some sections of the avifauna. It appears to have Economic Studies. been business as usual over the last few months for most of the seabirds and waterfowl. When ID: 1051 Hurricane Gilbert struck on September 12, 1988, Au: Bacon, Peter R. beaches and coastal wetland areas were severely Ti: Assessment of the economic impacts of damaged. Mangroves used for roosting and nesting Hurricane Gilbert on coastal and marine by various species suffered severe defoliation and resources in Jamaica. upper branch breakage and, in some areas, loss of up Pub: Nairobi; UNEP; 1989. 78. to 60 percent of the trees. Nests were destroyed in Ab: Assessment of the extent to which coastal ecosystems the pelican colony near Port Royal, but within three and marine resources have been altered and/or 113 damaged by Hurricane Gilbert. Assesses the ID: 1057 economic implications of these effects and (1) Au: Stemshorn, Barry. identifies priority areas for recovery effort; (2) Ti: Desert locusts in the Caribbean: proceedings of a identifies key areas for marine resources research and regional meeting, Port of Spain, Trinidad and management effort and (3) suggests economic loss Tobago, November 16, 1988. reduction measures for future hurricane events. Pub: Port of Spain; IICA; 1989. 68. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Desert locusts in the Caribbean; Port of Spain, 16 Response Agency; UWI, Science Library. Nov. 1988. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1052 Response Agency. Au: Aiken, Karl A. Ti: Hurricane Gilbert and its effect on fishery ID: 1058 resources. Au: Gordon, Derek. So: In: Bacon, Peter R. Assessment of the Economic Ti: Designing and implementing a study on the Impacts of Hurricane Gilbert on Coastal and Marine impact of hurricane Gilbert on rural Jamaican Resources in Jamaica, 1989. 25-32. communities. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies, Mona; 1989. 7. ID: 1053 Ab: Describes how the project was designed and Au: Bacon, Peter R. implemented to look at (a) the extent of the damage Ti: Survey and assessment of Hurricane Gilbert to household and community assets, infrastructure damage to wetlands. and agricultural production; (b) relief efforts and So: In: Bacon, Peter R. Assessment of the economic response of the community; (c) patterns of impacts of Hurricane Gilbert on Coastal and marine cooperation, mobilization and leadership; (d) resources in Jamaica, 1989. 35-49. strategies used to cope; and (e) changes in household Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. welfare. The method of data collection is also described, as well as future directions of the research. ID: 1054 The project is scheduled for completion in August Au: Woodley, Jeremy D. 1990. Ti: The effects of Hurricane Gilbert on coral reefs at Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Discovery Bay. Response Agency.

So: In: Bacon, Peter R. Assessment of the Economic ID: 1059 Impacts of Hurricane Gilbert on Coastal and Marine Au: Vlugman, A. Resources in Jamaica, 1989. 71-3. Ti: Development and operation of the sanitary Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. landfill at Ciceron. Pub: s.l; Caribbean Environmental Health Institute; 1989. ID: 1055 Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Au: CARICOM. Ti: Consultative forum on the environment: report of ID: 1060 the first meeting. Au: Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency. Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1989. Ti: Framework of the 21st century disaster Co: Consultative Forum on the Environment; management action plan for the Caribbean. Bridgetown, 4-7, Sept. 1989. So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2(1):9, Jan. 2000. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

Response Agency. ID: 1061 Au: Grenada. Grenada Red Cross Society. Disaster ID: 1056 Preparedness Committee. Ti: Deforestation. Ti: Disaster preparedness and relief plan. Pub:Castries; OECS.: Natural Resources Management Pub: St. George's; Grenada Red Cross Society; 1989. 24. Unit; 1989. 6. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Defines deforestation, gives reasons for its Response Agency. occurrence and states the effects. Texts for

Librarians, teachers, and for age groups, 12-15 are ID: 1062 provided. Au: Antigua and Barbuda. National Office of Disaster Lo: UWI, Sir Aurthur Lewis Institute of Social and Preparedness. Economic Studies. Ti: Disaster preparedness for the family.

114 Pub: St. Johns; Antigua and Barbuda. Ministry of Home Aborda los riesgos para la salud en situaciones de Affairs; 1989. 98. desastres, las características de las afectaciones del Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ambiente, tanto las naturales como las provocadas Response Agency. por el hombre. Refiere medidas de prevención y control del ambiente en situaciones de desastre, ID: 1063 puntualizando el control del agua, excretas y Au: St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Soufriere Monitoring residuales líquidos, desechos sólidos, control de Unit. artrópodos y roedores y control de alimentos. Ti: Draft of volcanic emergency plan: annex 1 of the Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. national disaster plan 1985. Pub: Kingstown; St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Office ID: 1067 of the National Disaster Coordinator; 1989. 36. Au: Ogley, Bob; Hooley, Joan; Hill, Bob. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Hurricane Gilbert. Response Agency. Pub: Westerham; Froglets Publications; 1989. 96. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 1064 Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Construction (Works). ID: 1068 Telecommunication Section. Au: St. Lucia. Government Information Service. Ti: Effects of hurricane Gilbert on the P.W.D. Ti: Hurricane precautions. telecommunication network. Pub: Castries; Saint Lucia. Central Emergency Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Construction; 7. Organisation; 1989. 5. Co: Conference of Experts on Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Telecommunications in the Caribbean; Port of Spain, Response Agency.

13-15, Mar. 1989. ID: 1069 Ab: Physical damage to the P.W.D.'s network was mainly Ti: Jamaica seminar on waste management and due to the loss of the J.B.C.'s antenna tower at control of waste disposal at sea. Cooper's Hill on which the P.W.D.'s antennae were Pub: Kingston; IMO; 1989. 45. installed. This resulted in the loss of all V.H.F. Co: Jamaica Seminar on Waste Management and Control antennae and one of three parabolic antennae which of Waste Disposal at Sea; Kingston, 27, Feb.- 3, Mar. were on the tower. All other sites suffered very little 1989. damage. The loss of the Cooper's Hill antenna Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority however, resulted in severe disruption of the network. The problem after Gilbert however was not ID: 1070 a lack of radio equipment or expertise but rather a Au: George, Vincent. lack of coordination and management of the available Ti: Land use planning and business decisions. resources. Reflects the need for a comprehensive Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Institute of Management; 1989. 29. telecommunication plan which must include disasters Co: Management, recovery and reconstruction: the as a routine. Caribbean experience; Kingston, 25-28, May 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Focuses on the need for public planning and on the Response Agency. types of business decisions that are affected by land use planning. Comments are made on various ID: 1065 philosophical and practical difficulties in the Au: Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency. application of planning theory to the real world of Ti: Region's response to Hurricane Georges. business. Some directions to solutions are indicated. So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2(1):7, 12-3, Jan. 2000. There is an emphasis on planning as it relates to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. disasters. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1066 Response Agency. Au: Puerto Quintana, Conrado del; Rodríguez Alvarez, Pedro; Trujillo Merás, Manuel. ID: 1071 Ti: Problemas higiénico-sanitarios relacionados con Au: Ahmad, Rafi. los desastres. Ti: Landslide hazard zonation in Jamaica. So: In: Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Pub: Kingston; Scientific Research Council; 1989. 382. Microbiología. Higiene. Ciudad de La Habana, Co: Proceedings of the 1st Annual National Conference Pueblo y Educación, 1989. 275-83. on Science and Technology; Kingston, 27-29, Apr. Ab: Presenta una breve reseña histórica sobre los 1987. desastres, el concepto, clasificación y magnitud. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 115 ID: 1072 ID: 1076 Au: Wint, M. Au: Peynado, Rory. Ti: Mismanagement of the Hellshire Beach Ti: The impact of the quality of building materials environment, St. Catherine, Jamaica. on vulnerability with emphasis on mitigation. Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1989. So: In: Natural hazards and human habitat. Kingston, Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies. CAST, 1989. 31-7. Department of Geography presented for the degree Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. BSc. Ab: This study establishes the importance of the Hellshire ID: 1077 area to its users, essentially the fishermen, vendors Au: Brown, Philbert E. and visitors. By virtue of its present significance to Ti: Natural hazards information system and sources. people, it is worth the input that is necessary to So: In: Natural hazards and human habitat: selected preserve, enhance and sustain it. Looking ahead into papers. Kingston, CAST, 1989. 47-54. the future of Hellshire Hills and what that involves, it Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. is evident that what is done or left undone with regard to Hellshire Beach will have a significant ID: 1078 impact on the future city of Hellshire Hills. There is Au: Patteron, V. I. urgent need for an integrated study and assessment of Ti: Natural hazards and the human habitat. the problems and operative forces causing the So: In: Natural hazards and human habitat: selected problems, so that appropriate recommendations can papers. Kingston, CAST, 1989. 19-22. be made and implemented in order that our Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. developmental goals may be achieved. Some of the information gleaned for this study was from various ID: 1079 environment related agencies; the Natural Resource Au: Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Conservation Division, the Meteorological Office and Ti: Disaster management as a partnership- public the Maritime Institute of Jamaica. Administered and private sectors. questionnaires and casual conversation with users of So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2: 5, Jan. – Jun. 1993. the beach area also proved informative. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library Lo: UWI, Mona, Department of Geography and Geology. ID: 1080 Au: Barker, David. ed. ID: 1073 Ti: Proceedings of meeting of experts on hazard Au: Jamaica. Town Planning Department. mapping in the Caribbean. Ti: National atlas of Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Town Planning; 1989. 102. Prevention Project; 1989. 140. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. ID: 1074 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Adams, Alfrico D. Response Agency; UWI, Science Library. Ti: Building codes and hazard mitigation. So: In: Natural hazards and human habitat. Kingston, ID: 1081 CAST, 1989. 5-17. Au: Bertrand, Diane. Ab: The paper looks at the main purposes of Building Ti: A review of hazard mapping and risk assessment Codes; how they fit into our hazard mitigation at the Institute of Marine Affairs, Trinidad. system; the hazards covered by available codes and So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of the methods of development. There is also a brief experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. discussion of the comparison between design criteria Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and and implied risks for dwelling houses and that for Prevention Project, 1989. 3-22. other structures. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Nov.- 4, Dec.1987.

ID: 1075 Ab: Seeks to examine the status of hazard research carried Au: Hodges, Stephen. out at the Institute of Marine Affairs (IMA). It Ti: Servicing the informal sector for disaster follows the evolution of the concept from the mitigation. inception in 1981 of the Oil Spill Vulnerability Index So: In: Natural hazards and human habitat. Kingston, Studies through more specific phases of development CAST, 1989. 25-8. i.e. coastal erosion and coastal area (resources) Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. studies; landslide and flood distribution in the west 116 coastal area of Trinidad, to the present proposed ID: 1086 coastal hazard research project at the IMA. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA; Griffith, Mark D. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Flooding in Speightstown: towards a flood Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. management strategy. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of ID: 1082 experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Au: De Graff, Jerome V. Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Assessing landslide hazard for regional Prevention Project, 1989. 117-25. development planning in the Eastern Caribbean. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Prevention Project, 1989. 40-4. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, ID: 1087 Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Au: Schmucker, Harold. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Integrating natural hazard information with Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. agricultural parameters: scenario for GIS application in the Caribbean. ID: 1083 So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Au: Molinelli, Jose. experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Ti: Earthquake vulnerability study for the Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Prevention Project, 1989. 105. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Prevention Project, 1989. 71-85 Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. ID: 1088 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Bender, Stephen O. Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Natural hazard assessment in integrated regional development. ID: 1084 So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Au: Shepherd, John B. experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Ti: Earthquake and volcanic hazard assessment and Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and monitoring in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Prevention Project, 1989. 23-8 current status and needs for the future. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Prevention Project, 1989. 50-60. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, ID: 1089 Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Au: Vermeiren, Jan C. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Natural hazard mapping in St. Lucia. Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of

experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. ID: 1085 Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Au: Helms, C. David. Prevention Project, 1989. 126-7. Ti: Flood warning systems: the basic elements. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Nov.- 4, Dec. 1987. experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Prevention Project, 1989. 35-6. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Nov.- 4, Dec. 1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library.

117 ID: 1090 ID: 1094 Au: Utria, Boris E. Au: Mercado, Aurelio. Ti: Notes on the application of geographic Ti: Storm surge modelling in Puerto Rico and the information systems in natural hazard risk US Virgin Islands. assessment and development planning at So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of national and metropolitan levels. experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Prevention Project, 1989. 89-100. Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Prevention Project, 1989. 107-11. Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1095 Au: Matos, Catia; Lewis, Alberto. ID: 1091 Ti: Studies on risk due to floods and their Au: Alonso, Daniel. catographic representation. Ti: Plans against catastrophes, hurricanes and heavy So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of rains in Cuba. experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Prevention Project, 1989. 37-8. Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Prevention Project, 1989. 10-12. Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1096 Au: Molina, Medardo. ID: 1092 Ti: The process of flood hazard mapping in Jamaica. Au: Alonso, Daniel. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Ti: Preliminary analysis of the cartographic experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. representation of vulnerability of buildings in Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Santiago de Cuba. Prevention Project, 1989. 30-4. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Prevention Project, 1989. 87-88. Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1097 Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Attwell, Lynette. Ti: The status of disaster planning in Trinidad and Tobago. ID: 1093 So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of Meeting of Au: Jones, Eleanor B. Experts on Hazard Mapping in the Caribbean. Ti: Preliminary survey of coastline vulnerability of Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and the Caribbean: a summary report. Prevention Project, 1989. 128-30. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of meeting of Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, experts on hazard mapping in the Caribbean. Nov.- 4, Dec. 1987. Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Prevention Project, 1989. 102-4. Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library.

118 ID: 1098 Ab: This paper is divided into sections dealing with each Au: Oxman, Boris L. potential pollutant and the area from which it arises. Ti: The use of an econometric model to assess the The paper also suggests methods being attempted to economic impact of a natural disaster. alleviate the problems. So: In: Barker, David. ed. Proceedings of Meeting of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Experts on Hazard Mapping in the Caribbean. Kingston, Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and ID: 1103 Prevention Project, 1989. 113-6. Au: Conliffe, Wilton L. E. Co: Hazard mapping in the Caribbean; Kingston, 30, Ti: Environmental impacts of oil pollution in the Nov.- 4, Dec.1987. Caribbean. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the Response Agency; UWI, Mona, Science Library. Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Asessment. Bridgetown, 1989. 60-3. ID: 1099 Co: Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Au: Granger, Orman E. Assessment; Bridgetown, 1985. Ti: Implications for Caribbean societies of climate Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. change, sea-level rise and shifts in storm patterns. ID: 1104 So: In: Topping, John C. ed. Proceedings of the 2nd Au: Gill, Richard C. North American conference on preparing for climate Ti: Potential application of environmental impact change: a cooperative approach. 1989. 422-30. assessment (EIA) in the Caribbean. Co: 2nd North American Conference on Preparing for So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the Climate Change: A Cooperative Approach; 1988. Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Assessment. Bridgetown, 1989. 125-8. Co: Caribbean Seminar on Evironmental Impact ID: 1100 Asessment; Bridgetown, 1985. Au: Beanlands, Gordon E. Ab: The objective of the paper is to stimulate some Ti: Basic approaches to EIA. discussion on the potential application of EIA in the So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the Caribbean. It refers to the comprehensive paper Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact delivered by Mervin Williams. This paper highlighted Assessment. Bridgetown, 1989. 64-81. the role of the physical planner in Environmental Co: Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Impact Assessment, raised eight fundamental issues Assessment; Bridgetown, 1985. on EIA and physical planning and suggested several Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. tasks which Caribbean physical planners might undertake to strengthen the EIA process. The paper ID: 1101 deals with these issues as a basis for application of Au: Williams, Mervin C. EIA and draws several conclusions. Ti: Beach sand mining in St. Lucia. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact ID: 1105 Assessment. Bridgetown, s.n., 1989. 143-64. Au: Wade, Barry A. Co: Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Ti: The impact of increasing organic pollution of Assessment; Bridgetown, 1985. Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. Ab: The study reviews the experience of one small island, So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the St. Lucia and the way it has attempted to come to Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact terms with the activity of beach sand mining. Assessment. Bridgetown, 1989. 165-79. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Assessment; Bridgetown, 1985. ID: 1102 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Mellowes, Winston A; Ramkissoon, Elizabeth B. Ti: Environmental impact of the sugar industry- ID: 1106 pollution aspects. Au: Williams, Mervin C. So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the Ti: The role of the physical planner in environmental Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact impact assessment. Assessment. Bridgetown, s.n., 1989. 215-23. So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the Co: Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Assessment; Bridgetown, 1985. Assessment. Bridgetown, s.n., 1989. 105-24. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 119 ID: 1107 ID: 1109 Au: Thomas, Herbert. Ti: Report of the annual parish disaster coordinators Ti: Regional flood frequency analysis in Jamaica. conference held June 7, 1989 at the Jamaica So: In: Scientific Research Council. Information and Conference Centre. Coordination Division. Proceedings of the 1st annual So: Kingston; Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness; conference on science and technology. Kingston, 1989. Scientific Research Council. Information and Co: Parish Disaster Coordinators Conference, Annual; Coordination Division, 1989. 318-44. Kingston, 7, Jun. 1989. Co: 1st annual national conference on science and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency technology; Kingston, 27-29, Apr., 1987. Response Agency. Ab: At site estimates of the T-year flood based on short records are known to be unreliable. The preparation ID: 1110 of flood plain maps requires estimates of these Au: Aarons, John A. quantiles to determine the extent of inundation of Ti: Salvaging water damaged materials. the river banks. These maps will enable the Pub: Kingston ; National Library of Jamaica; 1989. 4. mitigation of flood hazards by providing information Ab: When documents suffer water damage, the real for regulating new developments, flood control disaster occurs if salvage operations do not start schemes, insurances and land use planning. For immediately. Drying procedures are explained in effective usage of these maps, it is imperative that detail for printed materials, photographs, microfilm estimates of the T-year flood be reliable. A Regional and reel films, as well as magnetic tapes. Concludes Flood Frequency analysis incorporates all the single that every organization should incorporate guidelines site data in a homogenous region and reduces the on salvaging water damaged materials in their disaster standard error of the quantile estimate since this preparedness and recovery plans particularly for depends on the number of observations in the irreplaceable materials so that they can be given analysis. The Index Flood method was used to priority if salvage operations have to be done. develop regional flood frequency or Growth Factor Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency curves based on observed annual maximum Response Agency; Jamaica, National Library of instantaneous flows for the guaged catchments in Jamaica. Jamaica. An objective approach based on studies by S.E. Wiltshire (1985) enabled the demarcation of the island into homogenous regions (having similar at-site ID: 1111 dimensionless frequency curves. At site estimates of Ti: St. Vincent and the Grenadines: under the the T-year flood are calculated as the product of the volcano. T-year growth factor multiplied by the mean flood Pub: Brussels; s.n.; 1989. 1. (where the growth factor is the ratio of the annual Lo: UWI, Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and maximum instantaneous flood to the mean flood) at Economic Studies. the site. For guaged sites the hydrologic and meteorological characteristics of each drainage basin ID: 1112 in a homogenous region are related to the observed Ti: Summary report on Jamaica's response to Hugo. mean flood by multiple linear regression and the best Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1989. 3. fitted model is chosen based on statistical test. Those Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency regionalised regression curves are used to estimate Response Agency. the mean flood for unguaged sites and ultimately allow for estimation of the T-year flood for unguaged ID: 1113 catchment. Au: Pan-Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Project. Ti: Support to national and regional emergency ID: 1108 systems: lessons learnt from recent disasters Ti: Regional overview of environmental problems including Hurricane Hugo. and priorities affecting the coastal and marine Pub: Geneva; United Nations; 1989. 40. resources of the wider Caribbean. Ab: Prepared to provide to the international community So: Kingston; Caribbean Environment Programme; 1989. on relief activities undertaken to promote disaster 40. preparedness and to improve future relief operations. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. This report comes in the wake of Hurricane Hugo, in September 1989 which caused damage to several areas in the Eastern Caribbean. Focuses on a programme developed to improve national and 120 regional operations in emergency management. associated with massive search and rescue relief Shows the beneficiaries of this programme, who are operations. It is therefore essential that the National subject to a wide range of natural and man made Meteorological Service and Meteorologists actively disasters. Outlines the issues addressed by this participate in major decisions pertaining to programme and gives their implications. Objective of evacuation of shipping from ports, progressive the programme is to evaluate the activities related to closure of sea, air, road and rail transportation Hugo with the intention of influencing regional systems and power supplies, the equalization of policy in the establishment of a regional response reservoir and water storage, suspension of schools mechanism. and commercial activity, evacuation procedures, Lo: UWI, Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and requests for military assistance, emergency food, Economic Studies. clothing and medical supplies. Each of these activities require special "meteorological briefings" to expand ID: 1114 upon the brief content of official or broadcast Au: Maul, George A. warnings. This paper seeks to further highlight the Ti: The implication of climate changes in the wider key areas for meteorological advice and the resource Caribbean. needs to facilitate the establishment and Pub: Kingston; Caribbean Environment Programme; 1989. implementation of these mitigation systems. 22 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency.

ID: 1115 Au: UNDP ID: 1117 Ti: Forestry rehabilitation programme: project Au: Jamaica. Geological Society of Jamaica. document. Ti: International Decade for Disaster Reduction Pub: Kingston; UNDP; 1989. 23. (IDNDR). Pr: UNDP; Jamaica. Government. Forestry So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(4):16-8, Feb. 1989. Rehabilitation Programme. JAM/88/016/B/13/99. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Hurricane Gilbert struck Jamaica on 12 September

1988, causing severe damage to the country's natural ID: 1118 and commercial forests. The magnitude and severity Au: Mullings, Elizabeth. of the forestry-related problems require immediate Ti: Landslide hazard assessment workshop. remedial action along with medium-term So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(4):13-4, Feb. 1989. rehabilitation. This project aims to enable key Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. agencies to carry out remedial and rehabilitative efforts in this sector, mitigate economic losses and lessen environmental degradation. Project outputs ID: 1119 will include a detailed damage assessment, a work Ti: Resources, natural hazards and the geosciences. plan and time schedule for salvage and sanitation So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(4):11-3, Feb. 1989. activities, fully equipped forest plantations, either Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. salvaged or sanitized and a national Tropical Forestry Action Plan (TFAP) aimed at medium to long-term ID: 1120 resource management. Au: Allen, Locksley. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Seismicity 1986-8: a brief preview. Response Agency. So: GSJ Newsletter; 9(4):15, Feb. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1116 Au: Gray, Calvin R. ID: 1121 Ti: Role of meteorologists in disaster mitigation. Au: Barker, David; Miller, David J. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. National Meteorological Service; Ti: Hurricane Gilbert: anthropomorphizing a natural 1989. 14. disaster. Co: Seminar on the effects of Hurricane Gilbert on the Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies. (Mona); Scientific Agencies; Kingston, Jan 1989. 1989. Ab: The effectiveness of mitigation systems ultimately Ab: Hurricane Gilbert was the most powerful tropical depends on the effectiveness of planning and cyclone ever recorded in the western hemisphere. response management at the district or local This paper briefly describes its impact on the island government level, notwithstanding the need for a of Jamaica, focussing on both the physical central authority which may provide essential services environment and national economy. It is suggested 121 that the population invested Hurricane Gilbert with a ID: 1125 personality. Anthropomorphism in general, and Au: Jamaica. National Resource Conservation Division. humour in particular provided a ritical social context Ti: Hurricane Gilbert in Jamaica impact study. and psychological prop to help relieve the anxiety and So: Caribbean Disaster News; (17):13, Mar. 1989. stress created in the wake of the disaster. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1126 Ti: Hurricanes Gilbert and Joan: implications for the ID: 1122 Caribbean housing sector. Au: Cuffe, O'Neil L. So: Caribbean Disaster News; 17 1-2, Mar. 1989. Ti: Impact of Hurricane Gilbert on shelters in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. selected informal settlements and their efforts at rebuilding. ID: 1127 Pub: Kingston; US. Agency for International Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Development. Regional Housing Office; 1989. 35. Ti: Landslide hazard assessment workshop. Ab: Study investigates the extent of damage caused by So: Caribbean Disaster News; (17):6, Mar. 1989. Hurricane Gilbert to informal settlements and the Co: Landslide hazard assessment; Kingston, 4-14, efforts of residents to rebuild. Addresses some of the Jan.1989 fundamental problems facing informal settlements: Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. low levels of employment; low levels of income; poorly constructed shelter; inadequate physical ID: 1128 infrastructure; and insecure land tenure and how Au: Pan American Health Organization these problems affect the responses of these Ti: Role of the health sector and NGO's in the settlements. Examines the relief assistance given and IDNDR. the precautions taken during the rebuilding process So: Caribbean Disaster News; (17):5, Mar. 1989. to make dwellings more resistant to disaster. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1129 ID: 1123 Au: Observatoire Volcanologigue dela Soufriere, Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Guadelope. Ti: Impacts of natural hazards on Caribbean Ti: Seismic crisis of Lamentin (Guadelope). agriculture. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (17):11, Mar. 1989. Pub: Cave Hill; University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. CERMES; 1989. 13. Ab: Agriculture, a critical sector of the Caribbean islands economies, has been consistently devastated by ID: 1130 natural hazards, particularly tropical storms and Ti: Volcanic activity in St. Kitts. hurricanes. Yet inspite of its economic importance So: Caribbean Disaster News; (17):3, Mar. 1989. and repeated devastation, very little attention has Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. been given to devising ways of mitigating hazard impacts on the sector. This paper illustrates the importance of the sector to the island economies, the ID: 1131 levels of devastation experienced and makes Au: Morgan, E. L; Tyson, C. F. suggestions as to how one may set about planning for Ti: The disposal of phosdrin at the municipal dump agricultural loss reduction. in Lakes Pen St. Catherine, Jamaica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: s.l; Alcan; Mar. 1989. 100 Response Agency. Lo: Jamaica, Office Of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management. ID: 1124 Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project (PCDPPP). Ti: Disaster news briefs. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (17):3, Mar. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

122 ID: 1132 ID: 1137 Au: UNDRO. Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Au: Lewis, Fred; Wright, Roberta. Prevention Project. Ti: Emergency preparedness report update - Ti: Caribbean emergency telecommunications Antigua and Barbuda. issues. Pub: Rochester, N.Y; Partners of the Americas; 1989. 34. Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM; 1989. 10. Ab: Looks at planned programmes by the National Co: Conference of Experts on Emergency Disaster Preparedness Office, improvements at the Telecommunications in the Caribbean; Port of Spain, Deep Water Harbour, Falmouth Harbour, Holberton 13-15, Mar. 1989. Hospital, the V.C. Bird Airport, Ministry of Public Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Works, Fire Department, Public Utilities Agency and Response Agency. Barbuda. Makes recommendations re-assistance needed and status of disaster preparedness. ID: 1133 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Trinidad and Tobago. Director of Response Agency. Telecommunications. Ti: Telecommunication in disaster preparedness in Trinidad and Tobago. ID: 1138 Pub: Port of Spain; CARICOM; 1989. 10. Au: Jovel, J. Roberto. Co: Conference of Experts on Emergency Ti: Impact of natural disasters in Latin America and Telecommunications in the Caribbean; Port of Spain, the Caribbean. 13-15, Mar. 1989. Pub: Santiago ; ECLAC; 1986. 20. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: This paper presents a preliminary assessment of the Response Agency. effects of natural disasters on the economic development and living conditions of the countries ID: 1134 located in the Latin America and Caribbean Region. Ti: Assessment of the damages in the Based on detailed analyses of several major natural telecommunications subsector. disasters which have occurred in the past 16 years, Pub: Port of Spain; CARICOM; 1989. 7. the main economic and social effects of natural Co: Conference of Experts on Emergency disasters are identified. Furthermore, an estimation Telecommunications in the Caribbean; Port of Spain, of the average annual amount of losses imposed by 13-15, Mar. 1989. natural disasters of all types in the region is presented. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 1135 ID: 1139 Au: Munroe, Eric. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Jamaica Amateur Radio Association. Ti: Community training in high gear. Pub: Port of Spain; CARICOM; 1989. 2. So: Floodplain News; 1(7):1-2, Apr. 1989. Co: Conference of Experts on Emergency Pr: Floodplain Mapping Project. Public Education. Telecommunications in the Caribbean; Port of Spain, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 13-15, Mar. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1140 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness ID: 1136 Ti: Damage assessment survey. Au: McDonald, Franklin. So: Floodplain News; 1(7):2+, Apr. 1989. Ti: Remarks for opening of Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library Telecommunications Meeting, March 13, 1989, Port of Spain, Trinidad. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO. PCDPPP; 1989. 4. ID: 1141 Co: Conference of Experts on Emergency Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness Telecommunications in the Caribbean; Port of Spain, Ti: FPMP to map western rivers. 13-15, Mar. 1989. So: Floodplain News; 1(7):4-5, Apr. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pr: Flood Plain Mapping Project (FPMP). Mapping Response Agency. Western Rivers. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library

123 ID: 1142 ID: 1149 Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Au: Aming, A. Ti: Landslide hazard assessment workshop. Ti: The role of vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) in So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; Trinidad and Tobago. 1(1):3-4, Apr.1989. So: Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago Co: Landslide hazard assessment; Kingston, 4-14, Jan. Newsletter; 13: 4-7, Apr. 1989. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library Lo: UWI, Science Library.

ID: 1150 ID: 1143 Au: Brown, Hyacinth. ed. Au: Grant, Patrick. Ti: Disaster planning in Jamaica: safeguarding Ti: Landslides and the Jamaican small farmer. documents and vital data. So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; Pub: Kingston; Jamaica Library Association; 1989. 46. 1(1):4, Apr.1989. Ab: This publication is divided into three parts with the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. first part covering the Proceedings of the Seminar on the Protection of Documents and Vital Data in the Event of Emergency, which was held in Jamaica in ID: 1144 1986; part two looks at disaster preparedness in some Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Jamaican libraries pre-hurricane Gilbert and part Agency three looks at lessons from Hurricane Gilbert re. Ti: Regional utility sector focus on disaster contingency and response management. preparedness. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2(1):10, Jan. 2000. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency ; UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1151 Au: UNDP.

ID: 1145 Ti: Rehabilitation and reconstruction programme Au: Maharaj, Russell J. following Hurricane Kate disaster: project Ti: Landslides kills three in Trinidad, leaves families revision. homeless. Pub:Kingston; United Nations Development Program; So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; 1989. 6. 1(1):4-5, Apr.1989. Pr: UNDP. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Programme following Hurricane Kate Disaster. Ab: Objectives of this project are the long term disaster prevention and rehabilitation of the areas affected by ID: 1146 Hurricane Kate. Au: Jackson, Trevor A. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Resources, natural hazards and the geo-sciences Response Agency. in the Caribbean. So: Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago ID: 1152 newsletter; 13:15-6, Apr. 1989. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library Ti: Disaster planning lessons for the Caribbean: the Gilbert experience. ID: 1147 Pub: Cave Hill; University of the West Indies, (Cave Hill). Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. CERMES; 1989. 23. Ti: Social factors in disaster. Co: Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Studies So: Floodplain News; 1(7):8, Apr. 1989. Association, 14th.; Bridgetown, May 23-6 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library Ab: Reviews the response and relief measures to

Hurricane Gilbert in Jamaica and seeks to highlight ID: 1148 those lessons that will be most beneficial to disaster Au: Drakapoulos, Yolanda. management in the Caribbean region. A brief review Ti: Stony River landslide, Artnully, St. Thomas, of the physical dimensions of Hurricane Gilbert and Jamaica, shows signs of reactivation. its impact on Jamaica are first presented. The So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; response and relief measures of key agencies are then 1(1):5, Apr.1989. summarized and inadequacies highlighted. The Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library identifiable constraints to implementation are

124 outlined and the lessons for regional disaster ID: 1158 management specified. Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Project. Response Agency. Ti: Jamaica association of development agencies responds to Hurricane Gilbert. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):5, Jun. 1989. ID: 1153 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Tourism. Ti: Natural hazard vulnerability analysis and loss ID: 1159 reduction strategy for the tourism industry in Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness Jamaica. Ti: MET office update rainfall maps. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Tourism; 1989. 17. So: Floodplain News; 1(8):3, Jun. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency. ID: 1160 Ti: More news on the effects of Hurricane Gilbert. ID: 1154 So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):5, Jun. 1989. Au: Barker, David; Miller, David J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Wild Gilbert: the many faces of a natural disaster. Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1989. 13. ID: 1161 Co: Caribbean Studies Association Annual Conference, Au: Aarons, John A. XIVth; Bridgetown, 23-26. May 1989. Ti: Protecting documents and vital records. Ab: Hurricane Gilbert was the most powerful tropical So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18 ):7, Jun. 1989. cyclone ever recorded in the western hemisphere. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. This paper briefly describes its impact on the island of Jamaica, focussing on both the physical environment and national economy. It is suggested ID: 1162 that the population invested Hurricane Gilbert with a Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention personality. Anthropomorphism in general, and Project. humour in particular provided a critical social context Ti: Protecting the environment: call for regional and psychological prop to help relieve the anxiety and approach to protecting the environment. stress created in the wake of the disaster. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):9, Jun. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency. ID: 1163 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness ID: 1155 Ti Social factors in disaster forcasting Ti: Air force will continue "Hurricane Hunter" So: Floodplain News; 1(8):8, Jun. 1989. flights. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):10, Jun. 1989.

Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1164 Ti: St. Lucia- heavy rainfall. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):3, Jun. 1989. ID: 1156 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness Ti: Decade for natural disaster reduction. So: Floodplain News; 1(8):4 -5, Jun. 1989. ID: 1165 Lo: UWI, Science Library. Ti: Telecommunications: the experience of Hurricane Gilbert. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):1-2, Jun. 1989. ID: 1157 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project (PCDPPP). ID: 1166 Ti: Disaster news briefs. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):3, Jun. 1989. Ti: The impact of Hurricane Gilbert. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):5-6, Jun. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 125 ID: 1167 activities in their own right. Guidance is given in Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. assisting the leader in the presentations of topical Ti: UNEP team to assess climatic changes on the interest on a phased and progressive scheme. Caribbean. Endeavours to place emphasis on the disasters to So: Flooplain News; 1(8):3, Jun. 1989. which the Caribbean is prone and to assist in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. preparing for and meeting disasters. Suggested are training techniques. ID: 1168 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Jamaica. Life of Jamaica. Management Services Response Agency. Department. Ti: Comprehensive disaster preparedness planning ID: 1173 and recovery guidelines for Life of Jamaica Au: Clashing, Owen A. ed. Limited. Ti: Scout training in emergency preparedness: Pub:Kingston; Life of Jamaica. Management Services leaders' training programme. Department; June 1989. 57. Pub: San Jose; World Scout Bureau; 1989. 46. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ab: Programme developed for Scout Training in Emergency Management. Emergency Preparedness. Provides a manual from which a trainer can plan a schedule of activities with ID: 1169 the theme of disaster preparedness. Outlines the Au: Andrews, Norma. curricula which is graded to facilitate the attainment Ti: Evaluation of the impact of Hurricane Gilbert on of Scout and Advanced Standard badges. This the health sector. particular manual outlines in detail the training So: Kingston; Pan American Health Organization; 1989. programme for scout leaders. Ab: An assessment of the impact of hurricane Gilbert on Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency health care programmes and infrastructure in respect Response Agency. of previously identified strategies and targets. Identification of new strategies now required to ID: 1174 strengthen and/or replace existing ones. Au: Caribbean Scout Programme. Recommendations on the reorganization and Ti: Scout training in emergency preparedness: youth restructuring of the health sector (including physical training programme. rehabilitation). Recommendations on the Pub: San Jose; World Scout Bureau; 1989. 43. development and strengthening of support systems. Ab: The Scout Training in Emergency Preparedness Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency (STEP) Programme teaches skills which scouts would Response Agency. find useful if and when a disaster strikes. STEP ID: 1170 programme contains basic information on Au: Jamaica. Radio Jamaica Limited. natural and man-made disasters, their causes and Ti: Radio Jamaica Limited hurricane plan 1989. consequences as well as the required skills to be of So: Kingston; Radio Jamaica; 1989. 15. help in such situations. The programme is structured Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency in a well graded series of badge requirements within Response Agency. the competencies of the 10 - 16 years old and over. Emphasised also are areas of support services

ID: 1171 which scouts can undertake, leaving the specially Ti: Tropical cyclones affecting Trinidad and Tobago trained personnel free to handle advanced technical 1975-1986. work if the need arises. So: Port of Spain: Meterological Division of Trinidad and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Tobago. 1998. 31. Response Agency. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency Management Agency ID: 1175 Au: Wilcox, William H. ID: 1172 Ti: Summary proceedings of seminar better Ti: Scout training in emergency preparedness: a unit management of toxic substances in the leaders' guide. Caribbean. So: In: Scout training in emergency preparedness Pub: Washington D.C.; Partners of the Americas; 989. 70. programme. San Jose, World Scout Bureau, 1989. 21- Co: Better management of toxic substances in the 34. Caribbean; Castries, 5 –11, Jun. 1988. Ab: Intended to present aspects of the Scout Training in Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Emergency Preparedness (S.T.E.P.) programme as Response Agency. 126 ID: 1176 ID: 1179 Ti: Chemical products and wastes in the Caribbean. Au: Cote, R. P. So: In: Wilcox, William H. Summary proceedings of Ti: Institutional improvements for the management seminar better management of toxic substances in the of industrial chemicals. Caribbean. Washington D.C., Partners of the So: In: Wilcox, William H. Summary proceedings of Americas, 1989. 66-9. seminar better management of toxic substances in the Co: Better management of toxic substances in the Caribbean. Washington D.C., Partners of the Caribbean; Castries, . 5-11, Jun. 1988. Americas, 1989. 38-42. Ab: Looks at some of the problems experienced in the Co: Better management of toxic substances in the Caribbean from chemical products and wastes. Caribbean; Castries, 5-11, Jun. 1988. Recommends a number of measures which the Ab: Industrial chemicals pose risks to health and the Caribbean can take re. comprehensive management natural environment. In Caribbean countries, of hazardous chemicals; contingency planning; drinking water and coral reefs are continuously protection of water supplies and prevention of threatened by the use of pesticides, fertilizers and chemical problems. industrial wastes. A Project has been designed by Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency CEHI of CARICOM in St. Lucia and the School for Response Agency. Resource and Environmental Studies at Dalhousie University to strenghten the institutional capacity of Caribbean countries to manage the life cycle of ID: 1177 chemicals. Au: Williams, Ronald A. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Environmental dimension of chemical safety in Response Agency. the Caribbean. So: In: Wilcox, William H. Summary proceedings of ID: 1180 seminar better management of toxic substances in the Au: Carby, Barbara Caribbean. Washington D.C., Partners of the Ti: Toxic spills procedure Americas, 1989. 45-65. So: In: Wilcox, William H. Summary proceedings of Co: Better management of toxic substances in the seminar better management of toxic substances in the Caribbean; Castries, 5-11, Jun. 1988. Caribbean..Washington D.C; Partners of the Ab: This paper is about the environmental dimension of Americas; 1989. 70 chemical safety in the Caribbean. It looks at toxic Co: Better management of toxic Substances in the substances handling and management, environmental Caribbean; Castries, 5-11, Jun. 1988. data and monitoring, environmental impacts and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency impact action. Appended is an outline for reporting Response Agency. environmental impact assessments. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1181 Response Agency. Au: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Management Agency. Ti: Outline emergency plan for Trinidad and ID: 1178 Tobago. Au: Henshaw, Renzy. Pub:Port of Spain; Trinidad and Tobago. National Ti: Hazardous materials project. Emergency Management Agency; 1989. 8. So: In: Wilcox, William H. Summary proceedings of Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency seminar better management of toxic substances in the Response Agency. Caribbean. Washington D.C., Partners of the Americas, 1989. 30-7. Co: Better management of toxic substances in the ID: 1182 Caribbean; Castries, 5-11, Jun. 1988. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ab: The Barbados Hazardous Materials Project is Ti: Report on natural hazards session at Caribbean designed to improve the knowledge and skills of Studies Association, XIV annual meeting, emergency service personnel in responding to Barbados May 23-26, 1989. hazardous materials incidents. It will also Pub: Bridgetown; University of the West Indies, (Cave develop expertise in planning for the prevention of, Hill). CERMES; 1989. 2. and serve to reduce the potential for, hazardous Co: Caribbean Studies Association Annual Meeting, XIV; materials disasters. Bridgetown, 23-26, May 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. 127 ID: 1183 Pub: St. Johns; United Nations Disaster Relief Au: Pan American Health Organization. Organisation Pan-Caribbean Disaster Preparedness Ti: Guadelope: nursing curriculum includes disaster and Prevention Project; 1989. 37. preparedness. Ab: Reflects an assessment of the state of preparedness in So: Disasters; (39):4, Jul. 1989. each state, analyses the training needs of all states and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. concludes with recommendations for action by PCDPPP to impact on the effectiveness of state organizations and training. ID: 1184 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Pan American Health Organization. Response Agency; Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Ti: Jamaica: a note on Hurricane Gilbert. Information Center for Latin America and the So: Disasters; (39):4, Jul. 1989. Caribbean. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1188 ID: 1185. Au: Bermuda. Emergency Measures Organisation. Ti: Disaster history: significant data on major Ti: , Sunday 6 August 1989. disasters worldwide, 1900 - present. So: Hamilton; Bermuda Police; 1989. 11. So: Washington D.C.; United States. Office of Foreign Ab: This is a summary of the effects of Hurricane Dean in Disaster Assistance; 1989. Bermuda and the activities of the Emergency Ab: Provides information on major disasters which have Measures Organisation responding to this storm occurred around the world since 1900. Information is Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency more complete on events since 1964. No records are Response Agency. included for disasters which occurred within the United States and its territories. In all disasters, the number of people killed and the number affected ID: 1189 are recorded as exclusive categories. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Guidelines for the collaboration of international Response Agency. and regional disaster response to the Eastern Caribbean from Barbados. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO. PCDPPP; 1989. 6. ID: 1186 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Edwards, Linda E. Response Agency. Ti: Disaster preparedness: attitudes, plans and peoples' faith. ID: 1190 Pub: Bridgetown; Caribbean Contact; 6. Au: Reynolds, Roy C. Ab: Attitudes to disaster preparedness reflect a generally Ti: Methods of conservation. casual attitude to safety in the Caribbean. This is So: Farmers Advocate; 1(5):5, 17-23, Aug. 1989. amply illustrated in the article and the point is made Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. that safety behaviour can be taught. Governments need to look at this as part of their disaster-awareness planning. People will not know what their ID: 1191 governments are doing unless frequent and well Ti: Impact of Hurricane Gilbert. coordinated educational bulletins are put out. The So: Caribbean Disaster News; (18):5, Jun. 1989. management of people in a disaster will depend on Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. people's belief that the government is organized to cope. Emergency preparedness makes a difference. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1192 Response Agency. Au: Thwaites, Peter; Thorn, Malcolm; Waller, David. Ti: Disaster plan for Dyoll Insurance Company Limited. ID: 1187 Pub:St. Johns; Insurance Association of the Caribbean; Au: Joseph, Clavis J. H; Lloyd, Jerome. 1989. 5. Ti: Review of the status of disaster preparedness Co: Coping With Castastrophies: 10th Caribbean management in St. Vincent, Grenada, St. Lucia, Insurance Conference; St. Johns, . 10-13, Sept. 1989. Dominica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

128 ID: 1193 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency Response Agency. Management Agency. Ti: Emergency plan and instructions for disaster ID: 1197 situations. Au: Stadlberger, Helmut. Pub:Port of Spain; National Emergency Management Ti: Insurance and reinsurance of the earthquake Agency; Sept. 1989. 31. risk. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: St. Johns; Insurance Association of the Caribbean; Response Agency. 1989. 65. Co: Coping ith Catastrophes: 10th Caribbean Insurance ID: 1194 Conference; St. Johns, 10-13, Sept. 1989. Au: Gordon Gofton, Lorna. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Hazard assessment and disaster mitigation in Response Agency. small towns and villages: a training manual for local emergency coordinators, community ID: 1198 leaders and government officials in the Au: Brownell, Jennifer; Paul, Annie. Caribbean - draft. Ti: "Wild Gilbert" and development NGOs: a Pub: Kingston; OAS/PCDPPP; 1989. 58. report. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub:Kingston; Association of Development Agencies; Response Agency. 1989. 5.

ID: 1195 Ab: Reports on the experience of the Association of Au: Thorn, Malcolm Development Agencies (ADA) and its members with Ti: Hurricane Gilbert September 12, 1989: a Hurricane Gilbert and its process of sharing this with reinsurance brokers view. the wider Jamaican community. Records their Pub: St. Johns; Insurance Association of the Caribbean; experiences in hurricane relief and reconstruction 1989. 10. work and the lessons learned from those experiences, Co: Coping With Catastrophes: 10th Caribbean Insurance with recommendations for the future. Examines how Conference; St. Johns, 10-13, Sept. 1989. far ADA and its member agencies were able to take Ab: Reviews the response by insurance/reinsurance the developmental approach in their relief and companies following the onslaught of Hurricane reconstruction efforts; examines the strengths Gilbert on Jamaica. Tables estimated gross loss, gross and weaknesses of their response and analyses the liabilities, gross loss and loss as a percentage of gross reasons for these. liabilities. Points out that this disaster showed that Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency insurance companies definitely need to establish a Response Agency. disaster plan. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1199 Response Agency. Au: Wharton, Stanley. Ti: An approach to regional landslide investigations: ID: 1196 Trinidad and Tobago. Au: Davenport, Alan G. So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; Ti: Impact of structural damage in Jamaica due to 1(2):7, Oct. 1989. Hurricane Gilbert and the prospects for disaster Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. reduction. Pub: London; University of Western Ontario; 1989. 10. ID: 1200 Ab: Examines the performance during Gilbert of various Au: Dalling, J. W. types of structures and the impact their failure had on Ti: An investigation into the ecology of landslides in the severity of the disaster. Since improved wind mountain rainforest, Jamaica. resistance is the key to reducing the disaster, instances So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; are cited where the structures have performed well 1(2):1-2, Oct. 1989. and their survival factors are indicated. Also examines Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the protection that building codes provide against storms the intensity of Gilbert. Affirms the need for ID: 1201 governmental enforcement of codes in the design of Au: Pan American Health Organization. structures essential to post-disaster service; but the Ti: Caribbean: OECS/French Project. application of codes more widely is likely to require, So: Disasters; (40):4, Oct.1989. in addition, the support of other sectors and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. organisations. 129 ID: 1202 ID: 1208 Au: Farmers Advocate. Au: De Graff, Jerome V. Ti: Chemical pesticides being misused says Ti: Landslides: extent and economic significance. University professor. So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; So: Farmers Advocate; 5(3):10, 12-25 Oct. 1989. 1(2):9, Oct., 1989. Co: Integrated pest management; Kingston, Jul. 1993. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1209 ID: 1203 Ti: Lavantille house destroyed by landslide. Au: Ahmad, Rafi. So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; Ti: Earthquake- induced landslides in Jamaica. 1(2):9, Oct., 1989. So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1(2):2-7, Oct. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1210 Au: Bertrand, Diane. ID: 1204 Ti: News from Trinidad and Tobago: landslide Au: Rodrigues, K. hazard mapping. Ti: Geothermal hot spots and oil occurrences over So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group; 1(2):10, Oct. Trinidad. 1989. So: Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago Pr: UWI St. Agustine. Landslide Hazard Mapping. Newsletter; (14) 4-7, Oct. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The study was designed to determine whether any positive geothermal anomalies or `hot spots' ID: 1211 identified correlate with the presence of oilfields as Au: Munro, Ian R. P. reported in the literature in other parts of the world; Ti: Reports on JIE seminar on earthquakes. to test the hypothesis that these `hot spots' So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group Newsletter; originate in the upward and lateral movement of 1(2):2, Oct. 1989. subsurface formation fluids, including oil, into traps, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. bringing higher temperatures from depth; to explain

local and regional variations in the geothermal ID: 1212 gradients over Trinidad in relation to Ti: Training farmers to protect the environment. lithological variations, basement configurations, So: Farmers Advocate; 5(3):2, 12-25 Oct. 1989. structure and fluid dynamics. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library..

ID: 1213 ID: 1205 Au: Hudson, Brian J. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Waterfront development and redevelopment in Ti: Hurricane Hugo. the West Indies. So: Disasters; (40):5, Oct.1989. So: Caribbean Geography; 2(4):229-40, Oct.1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Most of the major towns and cities of the West Indies have coastal locations which reflects their maritime ID: 1206 origins, and commonly the waterfront areas occupy Au: Pan American Health Organization. the original sites of these settlements. During nearly Ti: Increasing threat of technological disasters. five hundred years of urbanization in the region, So: Disasters; (40):1, Oct.1989. waterfront areas of many West Indian towns have Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. undergone repeated redevelopments in consequence of destruction caused by natural and man-induced disasters and obsolescence related to technical and ID: 1207 economic change. The creation of wharves and Au: Carby, Barbara E. building sites on the waterfront often involve the Ti: Landslide hazard management: Jamaica begins reclamation of coastal shallows and swamps, a an experiment. process which was also commonly undertaken as a So: Caribbean Landslide Working Group; 1(2):7, Oct. public health measure. Some recent 1989. development schemes have swept away historic Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. buildings, destroying the picturesque character of the old waterfront areas, but there is an increasing 130 awareness of the importance of this ID: 1218 architectural heritage and its potential value to the Au: St. Christopher and Nevis. National Disaster Caribbean tourist industry. Urban development has Emergency Committee. also adversely affected the natural environment of the Ti: Hurricane Hugo - St. Kitts and Nevis. coast, but now a rising sea level poses a serious threat So: Basseterre; St. Kitts Nevis. National Disaster to the waterfront of the towns, themselves. Emergency Committee; 1989. 32. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

ID: 1214 ID: 1219 Au: Evan Wong, Sue. Ti: Proposal for the extension of the protocol Ti: Assessment of hurricane damage to national concerning co-operation in combating oil spills documentation centre and public library, in the wider Caribbean region to include regional Montserrat. co-operation to combat spills of hazardous Pub: St. Johns; OECS. Economic Affairs Secretariat; 1989. substances other than oil. 9. Pub: Kingston; UNEP; 1989. 10. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Conference of Plenipotentiaries Concerning Specially Response Agency. Protected Areas and Wildlife in the Wider Caribbean Region; Kingston, 15-16, Jan. 1990. ID: 1215 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Mondesire, Alicia. Response Agency. Ti: Developing the rural network: a directory of rural development resources in the Caribbean. ID: 1220 Pub: St. Augustine; CNIRD; 1989. 165. Au: Reese, Richard B. Ab: Presents information on 149 organizations working Ti: Disaster preparedness at ports. for rural development in the Caribbean. Comprises Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1989. 12. 114 national organizations in seven countries, 18 Co: Caribbean Shipping Association Regional regional, and 17 international organizations. The Conference; Port of Spain, 27, Oct. 1989. information is presented in alphabetical sequences in Ab: Covers two main aspects: (1) the level of three parts: national organizations - sub-regional and preparedness at the various ports in a country and the regional organizations - international organizations. need for a port disaster plan; and (2) operational Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency activities of a port, and the capacity of such facilities Response Agency. to respond to a major disaster in terms of the transit of relief supplies and commercial cargo. In the ID: 1216 main, refers to experiences in Jamaica following Au: Lewis, Lowell. Hurricane Gilbert. Ti: Hurricane Hugo in Montserrat: a chief medical Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency officer's experience. Response Agency. Pub: Plymouth; Government Health Services; 1989. 9. Ab: Reviews preparedness measures taken at the hospital before the arrival of hurricane Hugo and actions ID: 1221 taken during and after its passage. Priorities within Au: Ellson, Don. the health sector are listed and difficulties Ti: Trip report: Montserrat and Antigua following encountered. Damage suffered by the hospital and Hurricane Hugo. key actions taken are detailed. Pub:Washington D.C.; American Red Cross; 1989. 5. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Needs assessment by American Red Cross member Response Agency. one month after Hugo's passage revealed that emergency supplies adequate but assistance needed ID: 1217 in disaster preparedness efforts for next time. Au: Molina, Medardo; Gray, Calvin R. Help is needed in expanding available radio Ti: Technical assistance mission to Trinidad and communications capabilities and in developing Tobago: report. training materials for teams of Caribbean Red Cross Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness; disaster workers who could move rapidly to 1989. 7. affected islands to supplement local relief efforts. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

131 ID: 1222 ID: 1229 Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ti: Geohazards in Jamaica and the Caribbean. Ti: Constraints to loss reduction practices among St. So: UNESCO Courier (The Caribbean Supplement); Lucian banana farmers. 3(6):2-4, Nov.1989. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO. PCDPPP; 1989. 13. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Workshop on Natural Hazard Awareness and Mitigation; Castries, 27, Nov. –1, Dec. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1223 Response Agency. Au: Rodrigues, Kirton. ed. Ti: Global warming and rising sea levels. So: Geological Society of Trinidad & Tobago Newsletter; ID: 1230 14:3, Oct. 1989. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Emergency Relief Coordination. Ti: Hurricane Gilbert technical assessment and impact evaluation. ID: 1224 Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1989. Au: Dyer-Williams, K; Rajpaulsingh, W. T. Ab: Gives a meteorological description of Hurricane Ti: Moruga Road/Marac area field trip. Gilbert and reports on flood discharges, impact So: Geological Society of Trinidad & Tobago Newsletter; assessments of all sectors of the economic and social 14:8-11, Oct. 1989. life of the country. Natural resource systems are also Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. assessed for impacts. The national response to Hurricane Gilbert is overviewed along with the role ID: 1225 played by both non-governmental organisations and Au: Maharaj, Russell J. international agencies. Ti: Report of the field trip to selected landslide sites Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency in St. Andrew. Response Agency. So: GSJ Newsletter; 10(2&3):7-8, Nov. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1231 Ti: Hurricane Hugo damage to agriculture. ID: 1226 Pub: Rome; Food and Agriculture Organization; 23. Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Seismic events. Response Agency. So: GSJ Newsletter; 10(2&3):12-3, Nov. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1232 Au: Chin, Myron W; Suite, Winston H. E. Ti: Hurricane Hugo: a survey of damage in ID: 1227 Montserrat and Antigua. Au: Koeing, Andreas W; Mullings, Elizabeth. Pub: Port of Spain; Trinidad and Tobago. National Ti: Slope stability monitoring, New Castle Road; Emergency Management Agency; 1989. 30. Cooperage to Hardware Gap. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: GSJ Newsletter; 10(2&3):9-10, Nov. 1989. Response Agency. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1233 Au: Augustin, Michael. ID: 1228 Ti: Importance of banana industry for St. Lucian Au: Keens-Dumas, J. economy: dependency and risks. Ti: South Coast mud volcanoes field trip. Pub: Castries; WINBAN; 1989. 4. So: Geological Society of Trinidad & Tobago Newsletter; Co: Workshop on Natural Hazard Awareness and 14:11, Oct. 1989. Mitigation for the Banana Industry; Castries, 27, Nov. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. – 1, Dec. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency.

132 ID: 1234 ID: 1238 Au: Ferreira, Kerwin J. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ti: Measures to spread the risk: crop insurance Ti: Role of planners and planning in disaster scheme. management in the West Indies. Pub: Castries; WINCROP; 1989. 12. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO. PCDPPP; 14. Co: Workshop on Natural Hazard Awareness and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Mitigation for the Banana Industry; Castries, 27, Nov. Response Agency. – 1, Dec. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1239 Response Agency. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ti: St. Lucian farmers assessment and adjustment to ID: 1235 natural hazards. Au: Construction Resource and Development Center So: St. Johns; UNDRO. PCDPPP; 8 . Ti: Natural disasters and houses: safety tips for Co: Workshop on Natural Hazard Awareness and building a board house. Mitigation; Castries, 27, Nov. – 1, Dec. 1989. Pub:Port of Spain; National Emergency Management Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Agency; 1989. 20. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1240 Ti: Summary of meetings on "role of women in ID: 1236 disaster management". Au: Vermeiren, Jan C. Pub: St. Johns; Pan American Health Organization; 1989. Ti: Natural disasters: linking economics and the 91 environment with a vengeance. Co: Role of women in disaster management; Port of Pub: Bridgetown; CCA; 1989. 15. Spain, 13 – 15, Nov. 1989. Co: Conference on Economics and the Environment; Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Bridgetown, 6-8, Nov. 1989. Response Agency. Ab: Countries in the region, and their international development assistance agencies continue to ID: 1241 formulate development plans and investment projects Au: UNDRO. Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and without due consideration to the risks posed by Prevention Project. natural hazards. Yet the recent disasters that affected Ti: Support to national and regional emergency the region serve as a reminder that sustainable systems: lessons learnt from recent disasters development cannot be attained without mitigating including hurricane Hugo. hazard risks. The author identifies three reasons why Pub:Geneva; UN; 1989. 40. decision-makers in development planning ignore Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency disaster risk, and reviews several strategies for Response Agency. improving risk perception and response. Significant progress can be made towards this end by including ID: 1242 hazard assessment and vulnerability analysis in the Au: Clement, David B. development planning process, and by expanding Ti: Life after Gilbert: an appraisal of disaster. the project appraisal process to include a cost-benefit Pub: London; Toplis & Harding PLC; 1989. 60. analysis for investment in appropriate loss reduction Co: Seminar on the Impact of Hurricane Gilbert; and mitigation measures. Kingston, 7, Nov. 1989. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 1237 ID: 1243 Au: Bender, Stephen O. Au: Gordon, Angela. Ti: Natural hazard assessment in integrated regional Ti: Stress - the case of residential university students development. after Hurricane Gilbert: a summary. Pub: Washington D.C.; OAS; 1989. 11. Pub: Kingston; ISER; 1989. 5. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Seminar on the Impact of Hurricane Gilbert; Response Agency. Kigston, 7, Nov. 1989. Ab: Although the range of stressors manifested in the recovering phase is wide, the study identifies five symptoms - 'fatigue', 'irritability', 'problems 133 concentrating', 'feelings of hopelessness', and 'reliving cyclones passing within 100km of Montserrat 1886- of the event' - whose onset spans the time periods of: 1986; calculation of wind speed and an illustration of immediately after, two months after and six months the path of Hurricane Hugo through the Eastern after. Methods used by students in reducing critical Caribbean. stress symptoms in the recovery phase were 'prayer Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency and meditation', and 'talking with friends and family'. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1246 Ti: Hurricane Hugo in the Eastern Caribbean: ID: 1244 status of damage assessments and rehabilitation Au: Fenton, Heather. requirements. Ti: Impact of Hurricane Gilbert on Jamaican Pub: Bridgetown; United Nations Development women. Programme; n.d. 27. Pub: Kingston; Women's Resource and Outreach Center; Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 1989. 4. Response Agency. Co: Meeting on the Role of Women in Disaster

Management; Port of Spain, 13-15, Nov. 1989. ID: 1247 Ab: Briefly overviews the plight of Jamaican women in the Au: Bender, Stephen O. pre-Gilbert period as the author's premise is that the Ti: Disaster prevention and mitigation in Latin hurricane made worse an already difficult situation America and the Caribbean. for women who were suffering from worsening social So: In: Kreimer, Alcira; Zador, Michele. Colloquium on services in health, education and housing. disasters, sustainability and development: a look to Following Gilbert, the woman was relied on to the 1990's. Washington D.C., World Bank, 1989. 88- maintain a semblance of normality within family units 92 and was among the first to seek assistance. The work Ab: Describes the OAS's Natural Hazard Project which of the Women's Resource and Outreach Centre after has initiated activities to reduce disaster vulnerability Gilbert was to coordinate and give guidance to through integrated development planning. Through communities and women whose work was made Technical Cooperation, training and technology more difficult by the hurricane. The response of the transfer, the project has introduced cost-effective risk government sector and the NGOs is looked at and it assessment and mitigation massures. In is recommended that disaster planning should addition, identifies key directions disaster reduction be given priority attention by governments with programmes must take in the 1990's: - risk particular consideration of the role women play in management must be addressed on an anticipatory, disaster situations. It is also recommended that social non-crisis basis rather than on a reactive basis; services should be upgraded, maintained and integral relationship between disasters, the monitored and women should be trained in "disaster environment, and development must be recognized responses" at the community level. by policy makers and assimilated into their directives Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency and projects. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1245 Au: Gibbs, Tony; Browne, Herbert E. ID: 1248 Ti: Hurricane Hugo in Montserrat: reconnaisance Au: Zeballos, Jose Luis. report on the structural damage. Ti: Response efforts in health emergency Pub: Bridgetown; UNDP; 1989. 78. preparedness. Ab: Examines the damage to structures on Montserrat So: In: Kreimer, Alcira; Zador, Michele. Colloquium on caused by the hurricane and assesses the extent to disasters, sustainability and development: a look to which design, workmanship and lack of maintenance the 1990's. Washington D.C., World Bank, 1989. contributed to the damage. Makes several 79-87 recommendations in respect of design and Ab: Discusses disaster reduction priorities in the health construction of new buildings and improvements to sector in Latin America and the Caribbean. PAHO existing structures. Recommends that all structures has been actively involved in disaster response should be designed in accordance with the Caribbean efforts, as a liaison for mobilizing and coordinating Uniform Building Code. Annexes include health relief assistance and as a source of expertise photographs of the damage; extracts from the for formulating disaster preparedness activities in the Barbados Home Builders guide; roof connection health sector. Advocates a multisectoral approach details; map of Montserrat; chart and list of tropical and integration of the health care and emergency 134 response systems. Summarizes issues which need to detrimental impacts of Hurricane Hugo on the be considered when preparing a comprehensive OECS; (2) the challenges and opportunities posed for health emergency plan. the OECS by this hurricane; and (3) the major Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency elements of a rehabilitation and recovery strategy for Response Agency. the OECS. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1249 Ti: Dominica in-country evaluation of Hurricane Hugo emergency operations. ID: 1253 Pub: Roseau; Dominica. Office of the Prime Minister; Au: Vermeiren, Jan C. 1989. 7. Ti: Mission report on workshop on natural hazards Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency awareness and mitigation in the banana industry. Response Agency. Pub:Castries; OAS. Natural Hazards Project; 1989. 9. Co: Workshop on Natural Hazards Awareness and Mitigation in the Banana Industry; Castries, 27, Nov. ID: 1250. – 1, Dec. 1989. Ti: Evaluation of the agriculture situation in the Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency eastern Caribbean countries affected by Response Agency. Hurricane Hugo. Pub:Rome; FAO. Office for Special Relief Operations; 1989. 63. ID: 1254 Ab: Hurricane Hugo severely damaged the agricultural Ti: Montserrat in-country evaluation of hurricane sector in Montserrat, St. Christopher and Nevis, Hugo emergency operations. Antigua, Dominica and the British Virgin Islands. Pub: Plymouth; Montserrat. Chief Minister's Office; 1989. Both export and domestic agriculture will suffer an 10. immediate sharp fall in output as a result of the Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency hurricane. This will cause a drop in export earnings Response Agency. and a rise in agricultural imports and deterioration in the balance of payments situation. Farmers and fishermen lost their homes and access to water thus ID: 1255 the repair and/or replacement of these assets takes Au: Courtenay, A. precedence over farming and fishing. There is need Ti: Summary report, disaster preparedness workshop for immediate assistance to the farming and fishing held 29th and 30th November, 1989. population so as to restore their productive capacity Pub: Belize City; Belize Red Cross Society; 1989. 6. and confidence as quickly as possible. Co: Disaster Preparedness Workshop; Belize City, 29-30, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Nov. 1989. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1251 Ti: Hurricane Hugo report for St. ID: 1256 Christopher/Nevis. Au: Vermeiren, Jan C. Pub: Basseterre; St. Kitts and Nevis. Government; 1989. Ti: Training workshop in landslide assessment and 23. preparation of landslide susceptibility maps: Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency mission report. Response Agency. Pub: Washington D.C.; Organization of American States. Dept. of Regional Development; 1989. 22. Co: Workshop on Landslide Hazard Assessment; Port of ID: 1252 Spain, 4-9, Dec. 1989. Au: Mitchell, Carlyle. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: Impact of Hurricane 'Hugo' and implications for Response Agency. the OECS and its members. Pub: St. Johns; OECS. Economic Affairs Secretariat; 1989. 10. Ab: Hurricanes indicate areas of sensitivity in the economy and provide afterwards, the opportunity to improve conditions. Presentation deals with (1) the 135 ID: 1257 ID: 1262 Au: Buffong, Vernon L. R. Au: Fahie, Crispin W. Ti: Considerations after Hurricane Hugo - health Ti: Environmental health in disaster/emergency, sector, Montserrat, West Indies. Nevis: manual. Pub: Plymouth; Montserrat. Ministry of Health; 1989. 10. Pub: Bassetere; Public Health Service; n.d. 24. Ab: Examines in retrospect the levels of preparedness as it Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency existed in the health sector and the impact of the Response Agency. hurricane in terms of service and infrastructure. Considers the storm's effect on the quality and ID: 1263 quantity of potable water supplies, the level of Au: Seon, Kenneth. dislocation of the people, as well as the social and Ti: Preliminary disaster catalog - Jamaica, 1559-1951. psychological implications of the impact of the storm. Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; n.d. 31. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency.

ID: 1264 ID: 1258 Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: World Bank. Response Agency Ti: Technical annex to the memorandum and Ti: The third Caribbean conference on natural recommendation of the president on an hazards. emergency reconstruction import loan to So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2(1):8, Jan. 2000. Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Science Library. Pub: Washington D.C.; World Bank; 1989. 63. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1265 Response Agency. Au: Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago Regiment. Ti: Trinidad and Tobago regiment standing ID: 1259 operating procedures for hurricane disaster relief Au: Trinidad and Tobago. National Emergency operations in the Caribbean. Management Agency. Emergency Telecommunication Pub: Port of Spain; Trinidad and Tobago Regiment; n.d. Committee. 10 Ti: National telecommunication emergency plan. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub:Port of Spain; National Emergency Management Response Agency. Agency; 1989. 15. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1266 Response Agency. Au: Robinson, E. H. Ti: When you build a house: a manual of ID: 1260 construction details for Caribbean houses with Au: Adams, Alfrico D. emphasis on protection from strong winds. Ti: Current earthquake resistant structural design in Pub:Glebe; E.H. Robinson; 198?. 17. Jamaica. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Kingston; s.n; n.d. 24. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1267 Au: Heileman, Leo J; Siung-Chang, Avril. Ti: An analysis of fish kills in coastal and inland ID: 1261 waters of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies, Au: Smith, Ralston N. 1976-1990. Ti: Disasters: what to do about family and So: Caribbean Marine Studies: The Journal of the environmental health. Institute of Marine Affairs; 1(2):126-36, 1990. Pub: St. Johns; PAHO; n.d. 12. Ab: Reported fish kills for the period 1976-1990 for Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency coastal waters and 1980 to 1990 for inland waters of Response Agency. Trinidad and Tobago were investigated. The location, extent, and possible causes of the kills; the organisms affected; and the quality of the aquatic environment were determined. Most of the fish kills in inland waters could be attributed to industrial effluents or 136 the disposal or use of chemicals whereas those in the ID: 1271 coastal waters could be attributed to waste or Au: Molina, Medardo. chemical spills, or natural processes such as oxygen Ti: Deforestation, land use and magnitude and depletion resulting from red tides and other algal frequency of floods in Jamaica. blooms. Some inshore fish kills were preceded by So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27:42, schooling of the fish in small semi-enclosed bays. 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1268 ID: 1272 Au: Reading, Alison J. Au: Sheng, Ted C. Ti: Caribbean tropical storm activity over the past Ti: Demonstrating proper use and conservation four centuries. practices on steep land in Jamaica: paper So: International Journal of Climatology; 10(4):365-76, presented to the workshop on soil and water 1990. conservation on steep lands, San Juan, Puerto Ab: This paper examines the frequency and distribution of Rico, Mar. 23-27, 1987". tropical cyclones and hurricanes throughout the So: Watershed Conservation II: 6-15, 1990. Caribbean using data derived from written accounts, Ab: The paper describes the establishment of a small chronologies and published charts. Significant demonstration watershed on steep public lands in variation in favoured tracks and levels of cyclone northwest part of Jamaica. Specially designed activity are identified for the charted and pre-charted slopeland classification, conservation treatments and period. High levels of cyclone activity are suggested criteria for sound land use is spelled out. Data for the whole part of the Caribbean during the 1770s collection methods and results on soil erosion and and 1780s, 1810s and 1930s to 1950s while troughs in cost and benefit are also described. The use of such activity are noted around the 1650s, 1740s, 1860s and demonstration for personnel training is emphasized. during the early twentieth century. A noticeable drift Finally, the impacts and experience of the eastward in favoured tracks is reported from the mid- demonstration are briefly presented and discussed. twentieth century onwards, while data available so far Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. this decade suggests a strong mid-latitude (15-25 degree N) preference by cyclones and hurricanes. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1273 Au: Harrison, R. L. Ti: Design flood. ID: 1269 So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27:42, Au: Boucher, Douglas H; Vandermeer, John H; Yih, 1990. Katherine; Zamora, Nelson. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Contrasting hurricane damage in tropical rain forest and pine forest. ID: 1274 So: Ecology; 71(5):2022-4, Oct. 1990. Au: McFarlane, John A. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Disaster relief and the economy. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27:41, 1990. ID: 1270 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Pérez Monteagudo, Oraldo. Ti: Cálculo de la transformacián de los gastos máximos de las avenidas en los ríos de Cuba. ID: 1275 So: Voluntad Hidráulica; 27(83):48-56, 1990. Au: Wint, Barry. Ab: Expone los principales métodos y premisas asumidas Ti: Health effects of flood disasters, with reference en el cálculo de los gastos máximos transformados to recent flood events in Jamaica (abstract). por los embalses. Se recomienda un método práctico So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27: 41, y sencillo, no utilizado en Cuba anteriormente, para el 1990. cálculo de la transformación del gasto máximo en Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. caso de existir en la cuenca embalses en cascada. Se dan ejemplos de cálculos para distintas variantes de ubicación de los embalses en la cuenca. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.

137 ID: 1276 ID: 1280 Au: Cotterell, Calvin. Au: Sheng, Ted C. Ti: Hope River watershed: yesterday, today and Ti: Runoff plots and erosion phenomena on tropical tomorrow. steeplands: paper presented to the international So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27: 41, symposium on research needs and applications 1990. to reduce erosion and sedimentation in tropical Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. steeplands, Suva, Fiji June 11-15, 1990. So: Watershed Conservation II; 56-61, 1990. ID: 1277 Ab: Runoff plots are used in many developing countries Au: Varty, Nigel. for erosion studies. In the past, reports of plot Ti: Hurricane Gilbert-Jamaica counts the cost. studies concentrated mostly on presenting figures and So: World Birdwatch; 12(1-2):6-7, 1990. statistics and less on explaining the background and Ab: On 12 September 1988 Hurricane Gilbert, the most the applicability of the results. This paper takes a rent powerful storm recorded in the Caribbean this angle and emphasis is on discussion of plot design century, hit Jamaica. Gusts in excess of 220 km/hour and logics, management needs and particularly were registered as winds tore across the island erosion phenomena and their implications for erosion causing enormous destruction of natural and human control work. Its contents are based mainly on the environments alike. experience obtained from the runoff plots in the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. steeplands of Jamaica, and Thailand from the early Seventies to the mid Eighties. The paper ID: 1278 finally recommends the need for international Au: Maharaj, Russell J. societies' efforts to support, coordinate and Ti: Landslides in the parish of St. Andrew, Jamaica: synthesize such experiments. report of a field meeting on the Irish Town Road, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Junction Road and St. Joseph Road, Kintyre, 13 May 1989. ID: 1281 So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27: 45- Au: Lamm, P. 51, 1990. Ti: Saline intrusion: planning and management. Ab: Geologic, geomorphic and hydrologic factors So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27:11-6, combine to produce debris slides, debris flows and 1990. rockfalls along the Junction and Irish Town Roads, Ab: The causes and effects of saline intrusion in Jamaica's and deep rotational failures at Kintyre. aquifers are briefly reviewed. Of the three Contributing factors to slope failures include mathematical equations describing the behaviour of reduction in shear resistance and shear strength in the freshwater/seawater interface, Ghyben- weathered materials by increase in pore water Herzberg's equation is considered inappropriate to pressure; creation of discontinuities in soils by Jamaica's coastal regions, and Bear and Dagan's unequal binding of surface and sub-surface soil layers, equation for confined aquifers could not be applied and in rocks by shearing; artificial steepening of to the 14 unconfined regional aquifers reviewed. The slopes following removal of lateral support and equation of Cooper et al. for unconfined aquifers vegetation by road construction; undermining of with seepage face was applied to the calculation of slope by river erosion, and deep and accelerated submarine discharge (421 Mm3) to be set aside in weathering of rocks and soils by ground water. the reference aquifers for the planned advance inland Inherent conditions at 'landslide` sites suggest a high of the interface. Comparative results from the probability of future failures, the timing and National Water Master Development Plan using Bear frequency of which will be determined by rainfall and Dagan's equation as 255 Mm3. Caution is events. recommended in implementing plans for advance of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. saline intrusion. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1279 Au: Ford, Keith. ID: 1282 Ti: Recent floodings in Jamaica: implications for Au: McCann, William R; Pennington, Wayne D. development planning. Ti: Seismicity, large earthquakes, and the margin of So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27: 41, the Caribbean Plate. 1990. So: In: Geology of North America; H - The Caribbean Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. Region; 291-306, 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

138 ID: 1283 ID: 1288 Au: Grey, Calvin R. Au: Thompson, Patricia Y. Ti: The analysis of periodic fluctuations in annual Ti: Caribbean style eating for disaster conditions. island rainfall. Pub: Kingston; Nutrition and Diet Services; 1990. 104. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 27: 42, Lo: Jamaica, Grace Kennedy and Company Limited. 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1289 Au: Sigurdsson, Heraldur; Carey, Steven. ID: 1284 Ti: Caribbean volcanoes: a field guide. Au: Carr, Michael J; Stoiber, Richard E. Pub: Sudbury; Geological Association of Canada; 1990. Ti: Volcanism. 107. So: Geology of North America; H - The Caribbean Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Region; 375-91, 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1290 Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Public Service Company Limited. ID: 1285 Ti: Disaster preparedness manual. Au: Bailey, A. Pub: Kingston; Hazra Engineering Co; 1990. Ti: A survey of solid waste management in the town Lo: UWI, Mona, Department of Geography and of Soufriere and environs. Geology. Pub: Cave Hill; University of the West Indies; 1990. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. ID: 1291 Ti: Disaster, planning and development: managing ID: 1286 natural hazards to reduce loss. Au: Clement, David B. Pub: Washington, D.C.; Dept. of Regional Development Ti: An analysis of disaster. and Environment, Organization of American States; Pub:Kingston; University of the West Indies, Mona. 1990. 80. Institute of Social and Economic Studies; 1990. 57 Ab: The document is directed at policy-level personnel in Lo: Jamaica, Planning Institute of Jamaica, UWI, Sir the member states, international development banks, Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic and technical cooperation agencies. It is divided into Studies. two main sections: part 1. presents general principles for integrating hazard management into development ID: 1287 planning and project formulation. Its main intent is to Au: Jones, Margaret A. J. establish two ideas: that the damage caused by natural Ti: An evolution of the status of oil pollution in the hazards is great and growing but can be reduced; and Jamaican coastal environment. that the best way to reduce the impact of natural Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1990. 239. hazardous events is in the context of integrated Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies Mona development planning. Part 11 is a set of guidelines presented for the degree M. Phil. for applying the methodologies of hazard Ab: This study was carried out in order to evaluate the management. Avoiding excessive detail, it is intended state of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in to provide decision-makers with enough orientation Jamaica's coastal environment. This was done by the for discussing the issue with technical staff, reaching analysis of various parameters which assessed the conclusions, and evaluating work accomplished. occurrences and levels of different forms of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. petroleum hydrocarbon residues. These were the analysis of the occurrence and levels of sticks/sheens; ID: 1292 dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons in the Ti: Eastern Caribbean/Leeward Island peace corps water column (DDPH); pelagic tar balls; stranded volunteer disaster preparedness plan. beach tar; residues accumulated in biota and Pub: St. Johns; Peace Corps Regional Office; 1990. 58. sediments. The analytical methods used were carried Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency out according to CARIPOL specifications. Residues Response Agency. were collected from 29 onshore beach stations, 2 offshore beach stations, six sea stations and four biota culture sites. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library.

139 ID: 1293 Montane forests also recovered more slowly than Au: Leslie, Kenneth A. lowland forests, and were still largely defoliated four Ti: Food for disaster preparedness and recovery: a months after Gilbert. Correspondingly, the mean household guide. number of individuals of birds declined in three Pub: Kingston; National Food and Nutrition Co- montane habitats (cloud forest, pine plantation, and ordinating Committee of Jamaica Caribbean Food coffee plantation) but increased in two lowland sites and Nutrition Institute; 1990. 71. (wet limestone forest and mangroves); no changes Ab: The objective of this booklet is to provide specific were found in the remaining 5 lowland habitats. A and practical advice to the householder on ways to higher proportion of populations declined in the alleviate the food and nutrition problems usually mountains than in the lowlands, and evidence associated with natural disasters. suggests that some of the declining montane species Lo: Costa Rico, Regional Disaster Information Center for may have moved into less damaged patches of Latin America and the Caribbean; UWI, Science lowland habitats, such as wet limestone forest. Library. Population declines in montane habitats were related to diet, with higher proportions of nectarivore and ID: 1294 fruit/seedeater populations declining than insectivore Au: Topper, Brian F. populations. That population declines in montane Ti: Hurricanes and cocoa production. habitats are related to diet suggest that Hurricane Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1990. 3. Gilbert's greatest stress on Jamaica's montane bird Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. populations occurred after its passage, rather than during its impact. Our results suggest that frequent ID: 1295 hurricanes may contribute to some of the commonly Au: Cote, R. P. observed patterns of avian distribution in the Ti: Assessment of impacts of toxic chemicals Caribbean. discharged to the marine environment. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Geogehan, Tighe. ed. Proceedings of the Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact ID: 1297 Assessment. 1990. 90-104. Au: Smith, Alan L; Roobol, M. J. Co: Caribbean Seminar on Environmental Impact Ti: Characteristics of volcanic centers from the Assessment; Bridgetown, 1985. Lesser Antilles. Ab: This presentation will provide a framework for the So: In: Larue, David K. ed; Draper, Grenville. ed. assessments of marine pollutants with a special Transactions of the 12th Caribbean Geological emphasis on oil pollution. The toxicological aspects Conference. Miami, Miami Geological Society, will be oriented to considerations of hazard and December 1990. 319-28. exposure, two important elements in the impact Co: 12th Caribbean Geological Conference; St. Croix, 7- assessment of toxic chemicals. These elements, apply 11, Aug. 1989. whether the development question involves the Ab: The active volcanoes of the Lesser Antilles are marine, terrestrial, freshwater, home or work characterised both by effusive eruptions producing environment, and whether we are concerned about lava flows and domes, and by explosive eruptions air pollutants or liquid or solid wastes. producing various types of pyroclastic deposits. Five Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. major styles of explosive eruptions have been distinguished; these styles and their products are: ID: 1296 Pelean - block and ash flows, dense andesite surges, Au: Wunderle, Joseph M. Jr; Lodge, D. Jean; Waide, ash and dust falls; St. Vincent - scoria and ash flows, Robert B. scoriaceous sures, lapilli-, and ash-falls; Pinian- Ti: Short-term effects of Hurricane Gilbert on pumice and ash flows; ash hurricanes, pumiceous terrestrial bird populations on Jamaica. surges, lapilli-, and ash-falls; Asama - semi-vesicular Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1990. 54. block and ash flows; Phreatomagmatic/Phreatic - Ab: Hurricane Gilbert struck Jamaica on 12 Sept. 1988 block flows, base surges, ash falls. and swept through 10 habitats that we had previously Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. sampled for bird populations and vegetation structure ID: 1298 in Dec. 1987. We re-sampled these sites 4 months Au: Hendry, Malcolm D; Bacon, Peter R. after the hurricane by replicating our baseline Ti: Hurricane impacts on Caribbean beaches: the methods (point count censuses, mist netting, and development of a data base and guidelines for vegetation measurements). The montane habitats we coastal ara planning and management. sampled had greater damage to vegetation structure than most of our lowland habitats, except mangroves. 140 So: In: Larue, David K. ed; Draper, Grenville. ed. contiguous with the South Peten Basin, the Central Transactions of the 12th Caribbean Geological Maya Block comprising Paleozoic meta-sediments Conference. Miami, Miami Geological Society, and granites, and the Corozal Basin in the north December 1990. 5-9. which is the southern continuation of the Yucatan Co: 12th Caribbean Geological Conference; St. Croix, 7 - Platform and the eastern continuation of the North 11, Aug. 1989. Peten Basin. The Belize Basin is structurally complex Ab: The incidence of severe Hurricanes in the Caribbean with folded sediments and thrusts. The Corozal Basin in recent years brings in to focus the need for however is characterised by normal faults some of informed decision making on pre-storm beach which appear to have strike slip movements. The protection, coastal planning for beach development regional tectonic framework is one of ancestral basins sites and post-storm renourishment and rehabilitation and rifts known to have formed in Pennsylvanaian - measures. This requirement is emphasised by the Triassic interval. From Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous the importance of beaches and the coastal zone in area was surrounded by extensive carbonate shelves, general in economies throughout the region, where later obliterated at places by Tertiary clastic wedges of tourism and residential development, particularly in deltaic origin. Source rocks appear to be Jurassic to the islands, depend heavily on coastal and in Middle Cretaceous whereas accumulations are likely particular beach resources as a focus for activity. Our to be in Middle Cretaceous. preliminary recommendations for data collection and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. interpretation include observations of the potential or observed tendency for sand formation and ID: 1300 subsequent onshore migration as a result of storm Au: Oostdam, Ben L. events, and the time-frame in which this occurs. In Ti: Toxic substances in the coastal environment of addition, the potential for artificial and cost-effective the US Virgin Islands. beach renourishment measures at a site needs to be So: In: Larue, David K. ed; Draper, Grenville. ed. demonstrated particularly or a new development Transactions of the 12th Caribbean Geological where post-storm sand bar migration may not occur. Conference. Miami, Miami Geological Society, Dec. The development of a vulnerability index for possible 1990. 282-9. hurricane impacts on beaches will be a useful addition Co: 12th Caribbean Geological Conference; St. Croix, 7- to the tool kit of coastal managers and planners. 11, Aug. 1989. While recognising the usual constraints of trained Ab: A two phase investigation was made of the manpower, institutional structures and financial concentration levels of toxic substances in the marine resources needed to advance data collection in this sediments and coastal waters around the US Virgin area, we suggest that development of a data base and Islands. The Pilot Phase, March 1986, served to guidelines for management of hurricane affected screen six composites of three bottom samples each, beaches can be conducted within the framework of representing the main pollution impact areas and a existing coastal monitoring projects within individual control, for all 129 EPA priority toxic substances. territories; as part of ongoing regional programs such Based on the virtual absence of any toxic organics in as UNEP climate change and IOCARIBE coastal any of these composites, the Main Phase, geomorphology projects and consideration of these July/August 1986, concentrated on sampling and problems should be built in to all environmental analyzing for the 13 priority toxic trace elements in impact assessments dealing with coastal area pairs of samples of seawater and marine sediment at development. 24 locations around the three islands. Locally elevated Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. concentrations were found of several trace elements, especially Ni, Pb, Zn and Cu. Highest contamination occurred in the fine muds off ID: 1299 HOVIC, St. Croix and Mangrove Lagoon, St. Au: Rao, R. Prasada; Ramanathan, R. Thomas. By contrast, concentrations at the Ti: Tectonics and petroleum potential of Belize. Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) outfall off St. Croix So: In: Larue, David K. ed; Draper, Grenville. ed. were significantly below average. The order of degree Transactions of the 12th Caribbean Geological of pollution by island was St. Croix St. Thomas St. Conference. Miami, Miami Geological Society, John. Very low correlation was found for trace December 1990. 523-7. element levels in marine sediments and in Co: 12th Caribbean Geological Conference; St. Croix, 7- adjacent terrestrial rocks and soil analysed by USGS, 11, Aug. 1989. suggesting that erosion contributes little to the trace Ab: Belize falls in the southern edge of the North element distribution pattern, with the possible American plate. Three structural units could be exception of Ni. Distribution of Hg and Pb can be discerned - the Belize Basin in the south which is partly explained from transport by the predominant 141 trade winds. Other 'hot spots', e.g. Cu and Zn in Pub: Bridgetown; US. Agency for International harbours, clearly result from point sources of Development. Regional Office; 1990. 38. anthropogenic inputs. In conclusion, the USVI Ab: The OFDA/USAID response to the need for marine environment is relatively pure and electrical power restoration on St. Kitts, Nevis and impacts of inorganic trace elements are largely Montserrat following extensive damage by hurricane localised. Hugo, was to obtain the Lloyd Electric team from Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. USAID/Kingston and to put them to work on restoring power to the three islands. Technical ID: 1301 assistance was provided to St. Kitts from October 3 Au: University of the West Indies, Mona. Department of to 16, when electrical service was restored; on Nevis Linguistics and Use of English. from October 3 to November 18 when service was Ti: Translating weather reports into Jamaican creole. restored; on Montserrat from November 18 to Pub: Kingston; Supreme Printers & Publishers; 1990. 18. January 9 and further extended to February 16 when Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. it is estimated that 90 per cent of electrical power will be restored. Recommendations are made for ID: 1302 hurricane preparedness for Caribbean electrical utility Au: Construction Resource and Development Centre. systems as well as recommended initial actions Ti: Caribbean safe shelter project: a proposal to for restoration by the utility following damage by Homeless International. hurricanes. Pub: Kingston; Construction Resource and Development; Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency 1990. 2. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1307 Au: Barker, David. ID: 1303 Ti: Dualism and disasters on a small tropical island: Ti: Report on OECS/PCDPPP workshop to review some constraints on agricultural development in status of disaster management in OECS member Jamaica. states. Pub:Kingston; University of the West Indies, Mona. Pub:St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1990. 21. Department of Geography; Mar. 1990. 21. Co: OECS/PCDPPP Workshop to Review Status of Co: Conference on Small Island Development; Valetta, Disaster Management in OECS Member States; St. 24-28, Mar. 1990. Johns, 4-5, Dec. 1989. Ab: Two important constraints on agricultural Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency development in Jamaica are singled out for attention Response Agency. i.e. (1) the deep-rooted structural dualism which characterises the country's agricultural systems, and ID: 1304 pervades and influences the direction of policy; and Au: Jamaica Defense Force Coast Guard; Jamaica. Office (2) the periodic disruption caused by natural hazards. of Disaster Preparedness. Summarizes the evolution of the rural economy to Ti: National pollution contingency plan for Jamaica. show how the dual agricultural economy emerged So: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1990. 86 from the country's colonial history and the island's Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency geography imposed its own patterning. Agricultural Response Agency. policy has favoured either component depending on the political party in power. Data is presented to ID: 1305 illustrate the devastating impact of Hurricane Gilbert Ti: Report of the second meeting of the consultative and its effects on the agricultural sector. forum on the environment, Caribbean core. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Georgetown; CARICOM Secretariat; 1990. 10. Response Agency. Co: Consultative Forum on Environment, Caribbean Core, 2nd; Kingston, 19, Jan. 1990. ID: 1308 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Joseph, Zephaniah. Response Agency. Ti: Hurricane preparedness: preventive procedures to assure surrival of the radio broadcast service. ID: 1306 Pub: Castries; CBU; 1990. 31. Au: Harrell, Richard; Carter, Jay B. Co: CBU Engineering Committee Meeting; Castries, 15, Ti: Hurricane Hugo electric power restoration by Mar. 1990. Lloyd Electric Co. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. 142 ID: 1309 ID: 1316 Au: Service Meteorologique Interregional Antilles Au: Chin, Myron W; Suite, Winston H. E. Guyane. Ti: Current Caribbean experiences with hurricane Ti: L'ouragan Hugo. disasters: some approaches to preparedness. Pub: Basse-Terre; Le Service Meteoroloqique Interregional Pub: Port of Spain; University of the West Indies, St. Antilles Guyane; 1990. 32.. Augustine; 1990. 22. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Seminar on Catastrophes: Before and After; Port of Response Agency. Spain, 16, May, 1990. Ab: Discusses current Caribbean experiences with ID: 1310 hurricane disasters based on two case studies of Au: Case, Ron. Hurricane Gilbert which struck Jamaica on 12th Ti: Restoration of broadcast services in the event of September 1988 and Hurricane Hugo which struck severe damage by hurricane. Montserrat on 17th September 1989. On the basis of Pub: Castries; CBU Engineering Meeting; 1990. 3. damage observations made from these two case Co: CBU Engineering Meeting; Castries, 15, Mar. 1990. studies some lessons to be learnt and some Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency approaches to preparedness for such disasters are Response Agency. presented. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations on measures to be adopted in the ID: 1311 Caribbean in order to mitigate damage from Ti: Programme and abstracts of the second hurricanes. geological conference of the Geological Society Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency of Trinidad and Tobago. Response Agency. Pub: Port of Spain; Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago; Apr. 1990. 23. ID: 1317 Co: 2nd Geological Conference of the Geological Society Au: Christian, Cora L. E; Hatcher, Anne Thurland. of Trinidad and Tobago.; Port of Spain, 2-8, Apr. Ti: Hugo: what happened to the health care 1990. delivery?. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: Port of Spain; CSA Conference; 1990. 28. Response Agency. Co: CSA Conference, XV; Port of Spain, 22-26, May 1990. ID: 1312 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Buffong, Vernon L. R. Response Agency. Ti: Health sector report, Hurricane Hugo of 17th September, 1989. ID: 1318 Pub: Plymouth; Montserrat. Ministry of Health; 1990. 4. Au: Hospedales, James; Lewis, Lowell; Lynch, Joseph; Co: Regional Meeting of Health Sector Coordinators; Poncelet, Jean Luc. Plymouth, 23, Apr.1990. Ti: Post-disaster surveillance following hurricane Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Hugo in Montserrat. Response Agency. Pub: St. Johns; PAHO; 1995. 14.

ID: 1313 Ab: Hurricane Hugo struck the island of Montserrat Au: Jamaican Geographical Society. during the early hours of 17th September 1989. Ti: Clarendon landslides. Three days after, environmental health surveillance So: Jamaican Geographer; (2):2, May 1990. revealed unsatisfactory conditions in shelters with Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. inadequate water supplies and faecal disposal. Water was trucked to centres and a pit latrine ID: 1314 programme commenced so that by the end of Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. September, all shelters had acceptable faecal disposal Ti: Seismic events. facilities. Islandwide symptom-based daily report So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(1):12-3, May 1990. diseases surveillance was introduced seven days Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. after the hurricane for respiratory infections and gastroenteritis. ID: 1315 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Alcott, Washington. Response Agency. Ti: The International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction: challenges for the geoscientist. So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(1):14-5, May 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 143 ID: 1319 ID: 1325 Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Ti: Saint Lucia earthquake - May 20: management of Ti: Ensuring the speedy recovery of the agricultural the incident. sector after a major disaster. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 3. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 13. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Joint Windward/Leeward Farmers Exchange Response Agency. Workshop; St. Georges, 13-19, May 1990. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1320 Response Agency. Ti: Workshop on disaster mitigation and rehabilitation for the shelter sector: [proceedings]. ID: 1326 Pub: Bethesda, MD; Abt Associates; 1990. 32. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Co: Workshop on Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation Ti: Mission report on St. Vincent and the for the Shelter Sector; Bridgetown, 9-10, May 1990. Grenadines and Saint Lucia, May 20-23, 1990. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO.PCDPPP; 13. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1321

Au: Nanita-Kennett, Milagros. ID: 1327 Ti: Non-governmental organisation involvement in Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. disaster response. Ti: Report on PCDPPP's participation in the 1990 So: In: Workshop on disaster mitigation and rehabilitation joint farmers exchange programme, May 13-18, for the shelter sector: [proceedings]. Bethesda, MD, 1990, Grenada. Abt Associates, 1995. 15-20. Pub: St. Johns; UNDRO.PCDPPP; 5. Co: Workshop on Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation Co: Joint Windward/Leeward Farmers Exchange for the Shelter Sector; Bridgetown, 9-10, May 1990. Workshop; St. Georges, 13-19, May 1990. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Response Agency. ID: 1322 Au: Nanita-Kennett, Milagros. ID: 1328 Ti: Outline for a housing emergency plan. Au: Gary, Calvin R. So: In: Workshop on disaster mitigation and Ti: History of tropical cyclones in Jamaica, 1886 to rehabilitation for the shelter sector: proceedings. 1986. Bethesda, MD, Abt Associates, 1990. 21-3. So: Jamaica Journal of Science and Technology; 1(1):29- Co: Workshop on Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation 48, Jun. 1990. for the Shelter Sector; Bridgetown, 9-10, May 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1329 ID: 1323 Au: Gray, Calvin R. Au: Nanita-Kennett, Milagros. Ti: The analysis of periodic fluctuations in Jamaica's Ti: Structural techniques for disaster reconstruction. annual rainfall. So: In: Workshop on disaster mitigation and rehabilitation So: Jamaica Journal of Science and Technology; 1(1):14- for the shelter sector: [proceedings]. Bethesda, MD, 28, Jun. 1990. Abt Associates, 1990. 4-14 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Workshop on Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation

for the Shelter Sector; Bridgetown, 9-12, May 1990. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1330 Response Agency. Au: George, Errol. Ti: Emergency plan, V.C. Bird International Airport, ID: 1324 Antigua. Au: CBU. Engineering Committee. Pub:St. Johns; Antigua. Office of Aerodrome Ti: Disaster preparedness in Caribbean broadcasting Superintendent; 1990. 101. systems. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Pub: Bridgetown; CBU; 1995. 6. Response Agency. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. 144 ID: 1331 Co: International experience on industrialisation, urban Au: Suite, Winston H. E. development, and environmental pollution; 24-29, Ti: Industrial disaster preparedness in satellite Jun. 1990. residential communities: a Trinidad and Ab: Discusses the difficulties which have been Tobago case study. encountered in law reform in this area and in so Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies.; 1990. doing makes several recommendations. By presenting 12 . industrial disaster preparedness as part of a broader Co: International experience on industrialization urban disaster preparedness strategy, the paper argues first development, and environmental pollution; 24-29, for a National Policy on Industrialisation within Jun. 1990. which industrial disaster preparedness would be but a Ab: Attempts to review and assess the vulnerability of part. The paper then calls for a consolidation of all residential communities to industrial activities which existing legislation which deals with the question as are carried on in close proximity. It reviews several well as for major and urgent law reform with respect typical situations to be found in Trinidad and Tobago to industrial disaster preparedness. and offers a number of recommendations to assist in Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency rationalising and monitoring industrial development Response Agency. and placing it, as it should be, as part of national planning for development. The central ID: 1334 recommendation is for the creation of a separate Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. agency or unit, properly staffed with the requisite Ti: Seismic monitoring at Mona into the twenty-first specialist skills and given the necessary legal authority century: for better or best, preview of a to investigate, advise, monitor and regulate the development initiative. development and impact of industry on the health Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies. Seismic and welfare of citizens and the environment. Research Unit; 1996. 8. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: In Jamaica's relatively short history of seismic activity, Response Agency. there are numerous reports of destructive earthquakes, most notably those in 1692 and 1907. ID: 1332 The last thirty years have seen attempts to build a Au: Suite, Winston H. E. network of monitoring instruments to encourage Ti: Industrialisation, development and the research into Jamaican seismicity. So far not enough environmental crisis in developing economies of has been achieved because of inadequacy of the the Caribbean basin region. existing network. Here, what is needed has been Pub:Port of Spain; University of the West Indies, St. outlined. Costs to build an ideal network are Augustine; 1990. 12. estimated to be US$583,605.00 (Ja$4M), which is not Co: International Conference on Pollution Prevention: too high an investment in light of the eventual Clean Technologies and Clean Products; Washington, benefits that will be afforded by the system. D. C, 10-13, Jun.1990. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ab: Discusses the arguments for technology transfer Response Agency. which are in essence, contracts between unequal parties. It concludes with a discussion on three ID: 1335 concepts: (1) the technology transfer question and the Au: Pan American Health Organization. "beggar cannot be chooser" concept; (2) ethics and Ti: Caribbean health disaster coordinators meet. the international environmental question; (3) what So: Disasters; (43):4, Jul. 1990. can be done to help developing countries from Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. destruction. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1336 Response Agency. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Dominican Republic disaster management ID: 1333 course. Au: Suite, Winston H. E. So: Disasters; (43):4, Jul. 1990. Ti: Legislative mechanisms and industrial disaster Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

preparedness - a review of the Trinidad and ID: 1337 Tobago experience. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies; 1990. Ti: Haiti: disaster congress. 15. So: Disasters; (43):4, Jul. 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

145 ID: 1338 Ab: Reviews all pieces of Trinidad and Tobago legislation Au: Pan American Health Organization. that could have even the most peripheral impact on Ti: Martinique: technological risk. the exercise of natural disaster prevention, So: Disasters; (43):5, Jul. 1990. preparedness and mitigation. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1339

Au: Pan American Health Organization. ID: 1344 Ti: St. Vincent: health infrastructure strengthened. Au: Bertrand, Diane. So: Disasters; (43):5, Jul. 1990. Ti: Bibliography of the natural hazards of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Caribbean. Pub: St. Johns; PCDPPP; 1990. 222. ID: 1340 Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Pan American Health Organization. Response Agency. Ti: Trinidad and Tabago: technological disasters. So: Disasters; (43):5, Jul. 1990. ID: 1345 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Trinidad and Tobago. Water Resources Agency. Ti: Explanatory notes: hydrogeological maps of ID: 1341 Trinidad & Tobago. Au: Suite, Winston H. E. Pub: Port of Spain; s.n.; 1990. 21. Ti: Caribbean experience - some approaches to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. preparedness. Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, 1990. 3. ID: 1346 Co: Workshop on Preparation and Review of Au: Dowding, Julie Ann N. Hurricane/Flood Plans; Point Lisas, 19, Jul. 1990. Ti: Identify and describe two types of natural Ab: Argues the case for a Caribbean Basin initiative geological hazards to which Jamaica is prone towards disaster prevention, preparedness and and discuss ways their effects can be mitigated. mitigation. This must of necessity now be a So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(2-3):5-7, Nov. 1990. mechanism of mutual defence that extends beyond Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. either the English speaking (CARICOM) states or the archipelagic Caribbean. The aim is to have prepared ID: 1347 and put in place a Mutual Assistance Disaster Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Carby, Barbara E; McCalpin, James P. Management Plan. The paper calls for a Ti: Landslide susceptibility maps for the Kingston "Memorandum of Agreement to Assist" between the Metropolitan Area Jamaica Caribbean Basin territories. The paper briefly So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. discusses the elements of a possible Memorandum of Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Agreement to assist and concludes with a Conference (abstract). Kingston, University of the number of previously cited recommendations. West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Geology, 1998. 72. Response Agency. Co: Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. ID: 1342 Ab: Landslide susceptibility analysis was undertaken Au: Guadeloupe. Protection Civile. covering an area of some 554 km2 in the parishes of Ti: Plan ORSEC "cyclone". Kingston, St. Andrew and the Portmore area of St. Pub:Basse-Terre; Prefecture de la Guadeloupe. Cabinet; Catherine, which host a population of approximately 1990. 165. 650,000. The aim of this study is to produce a hazard Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency map that identifies areas where future landsliding is Response Agency. most likely to occur. This map forewarns planners and engineers of slope instability constraints on the ID: 1343 mountainous terrain north and east of the Liguanea Au: Suite, Winston H. E. Plain, where urban expansion is currently taking Ti: Review of the existing legislative regime on place. This study is a part of the Kingston Multi- natural disaster preparedness in Trinidad and Hazard Assessment Project and was supported by the Tobago. Caribbean Disaster Mitigation Project Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies, 1990. (USAID/OAS). We mapped some 2,321 landslides 17. which were subdivided into active, scarps (definite, probable and questionable) covering some 19.8 km2 146 or 3.57 percent of the entire study area; 4.77 percent ID: 1353 of the area is mountainous, excluding the Liguanea Au: Rodriguez-Robles, Javier; Ackerman, James D; Plain. Landslide susceptibility analysis was performed Melendez, Elvia J. using the matrix approach of DeGraff and Ti: Host distribution and hurricane damage to an Rosemberg. The digital data were analysed by orchid population at Toro Negro forest, Puerto IDRISI for Windows v. 2.0. Factor maps prepared Rico. included lithology, distance to fault, slope angle and So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 26(3-4):163-4, Dec. slope aspect. Deep versus shallow landslides were 1990. analysed separately. The susceptibility maps have Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. been prepared at a scale of 1.50,000. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1354 Au: Rodgers, Kirk P. ID: 1348 Ti: Disasters, planning and development: managing Au: Rammerlaere, Marc. natural hazards to reduce loss. Ti: Landslide research in Jamaica. So: Washington, D. C; Department of Regional So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(2-3):8-9, Nov. 1990. Development and Environment; Dec. 1990. 80. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1349 ID: 1355 Au: Jackson, Trevor A. Au: Department of Regional Development and Ti: The 1990 Hurricane season. Environment, Executive Secretariat for Economic So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(2 - 3):2-3, Nov. 1990. and Social Affairs. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Disasters, planning and development: managing natural hazards to reduce loss. Pub: Washington, D.C.; Organization of American States; ID: 1350 December 1990. Au: Jackson, Trevor A. Lo: Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Information Center for Ti: The building code: a panel discussion. Latin America and the Caribbean; UWI, Mona, So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(2-3):3-4, Nov. 1990. Science Library; Co: The status of improvememts for wind and earthquake design and construction; Kingston, 14, Jul. 1990. ID: 1356 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Ti: Report on the nation's preparedness. Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1907. ID: 1351 110. Au: Harris, Norman H. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Ti: The role of the geological survey division in the Response Agency. mitigation of natural disasters in Jamaica. So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(2-3):9-12, Nov. 1990. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1357 Au: Walker, Lawrence R; Lodge, D. Jean; Brokaw, Nicholas V. L; Waide, Robert B. ID: 1352 Ti: An introduction to hurricanes in the Caribbean. Au: Plaza, Dwaine. So: Biotropica; 23(4a):313-6, Dec.1991 Ti: An examination of low income housing and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. disaster preparedness in select Commonwealth Caribbean countries: Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Jamaica and St. Lucia. ID: 1358 Pub: York University; Nov. 1990. 64. Au: Jeremiah, Patrick. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Droughts: a drought index for a small Caribbean Emergency Management. Island. So: Dunbars Scientific ; 2(1):9-15, 1991. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

147 ID: 1359 which struck the southeast. However, mortality and Au: Tanner, E. V. J; Kapos, V. uprooting did not conform to a pattern that could be Ti: Hurricane effects on forest ecosystems in the linked to topography. Caribbean. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Biotropica; 23(4a):513-21, Dec. 1991. Ab: Hurricanes are common, potentially catastrophic ID: 1362 events for ecosystems in the Caribbean. We Au: Ahmad, Rafi. synthesize the work reported in this issue, together Ti: Landslides triggered by the rainstorm of May 21- with the existing literature, to discuss effects of 22, 1991, Jamaica. hurricanes on Caribbean ecosystems and to highlight So: Jamaica Journal of Science and Technology; 2(1):1- priorities for future work. Comparisons of the 13, 1991. impacts of hurricanes on different ecosystems are Ab: On May 21 and 22, 1991, an exceptional rainfall due made difficult by the lack of detailed meteorological to a low pressure system created a familiar but data, lack of pre-hurricane ecological data and alarming hazard in central Jamaica. The storm differences between studies in types and timing of dropped about 300 mm of rain within a period of 24 measurements made. hours, triggering floods and hundreds of landslides in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the parishes of Clarendon, St. Andrew, St. Catherine and St. Mary. The majority of these landslides were ID: 1360 debris flows that caused extensive damage to public Au: McGregor, Duncan F. M; Barker, David. and private property and blockage of roads. One Ti: Land degradation and hillside farming in the Fall person was killed and a 13-year old girl seriously River Basin, Jamaica. injured in landslide related accidents. In contrast So: Applied Geography; 143-56, 1991. with the two major landslide events of the past Ab: The contemporary geomorphological and agricultural decade, the present storm was characterized by a lack status of the Fall River catchment, Jamaica, is of antecedent soil moisture. Rainfall-threshold examined. The principal constraints which have conditions that led to the debris flow activity have hampered development are steeply sloping been determined. terrain, application of inappropriate soil conservation Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. measures, and the cessation of direct funding associated with the demise of the former Yallahs ID: 1363 Valley Land Authority. Furthermore, cropping Au: Simpson, P. R; Hurdley, J; Lalor, G. C; Plant, J. A; systems utilized by the poor and often part-time small Robotham, H; Thompson, C. farmers reflect short-term economic goals which are Ti: Orientation studies in Jamaica for multi-purpose not necessarily environmentally sound. However, geochemical mapping of the Caribbean region. facets of technically appropriate and agronomically So: Transactions of the Institution of Mining and sensible solutions are in place and need to be Metallurgy: Section B. Applied Earth Sciences; 100 mobilized urgently. B98-B110, May-Aug.1991. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The results of orientation studies for a regional geochemical survey of Jamaica and the CARICOM ID: 1361 countries of the Caribbean region are described. The Au: Bellingham, P. J. survey is designed to provide systematic geochemical Ti: Landforms influence patterns of hurricane information for a wide variety of applications and, damage: evidence from Jamaican Montane especially, to form a basis for agricultural Forests. development in the region. The programme is So: Biotropica; 23(4a):427-33, Dec.1991. modelled on the Geochemical Survey Programme Ab: Patterns of damage caused to trees 3cm dbh in (GSP) being carried out in Great Britain by the Jamaican montane rain forests by Hurricane Gilbert British Geological Survey (BGS), which is were described in a series of permanent plots over a preparing in digital form, a high-resolution study area of 2.5 km2, sampling 0.3 ha. Damage was geochemical database suitable for a range of assessed in the plots 19-23 months after the environmental and economic investigations. hurricane. Low overall levels of damage occurred Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. compared with studies of hurricane damage elsewhere; stem mortality = 8.d1±1.4 percent; ID: 1364 uprooted stems = 5.8 ±1.3 percent; broken stems = Au: Couillard, D; Tran, F. T; Tyagi, R. D. 8.5 ±1.2 percent. The highest levels of damage were Ti: Process for the in situ restoration of oil found on southern slopes and the ridge crest of the contaminated soils. Blue Mountains, as the range protected forests on the northern slopes from the full force of the hurricane, 148 So: Journal of Environmental Management; 32(1):19-34, report preparation work were carried out in 1991. conjunction with the Geological Survey Ab: The subject of this paper is a decontamination Division in Jamaica and, under contract to CIDA, by process for heavy oil sludges. The study has dealt Bondar-Clegg & Company, Ltd. The methodology with the cleaning of beach sand contaminated by an and the results of the reconnaissance survey are accidental oil spill and the decontamination of discussed. In total, 2369-105-µm stream-sediment bottom sludges from petroleum oil tanks. samples and 922-420-µm heavy-mineral Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. concentrates (sp.gr.2.96) were collected and analysed for some 32 elements from the 2354-km2 survey area. ID: 1365 The survey was successful in detecting all the known Au: Hines, Albert; Land, Lynton S; Clayton, Tonya D; major mineral occurrences. More importantly a McCullough, Matt L. number of geochemical anomalies indicated the Ti: Seismic strategy of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. presence of previously unrecognised mineral So: Marine Geology; 9883-97, 1991. resources-in particular, a number of potentially Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. auriferous areas. In other cases the multielement responses in areas of previously known ID: 1366 mineralization refocused attention on them. A total Au: Reading, Alison J. of 69 anomalous areas were recognized as having Ti: Stability of tropical residual soils from Dominica, some mineral exploration interest. West Indies. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Engineering Geology; 31 27-43, 1991. Ab: Tropical residual soil slopes frequently have very high ID: 1368 moisture contents (over 100 percent) and low unit Au: Brokaw, Nicholas V. L; Walker, Lawrence R. weights (5.5-10.0 N/2). However, they can remain Ti: Summary of the effects of Caribbean hurricanes stable at much higher angles (over 40o) than slopes on vegetation. covered with transported and redeposited soil. So: Biotropica; 23(4a):442-7, Dec. 1991. Standard laboratory tests and stability calculations fail Ab: Papers in this issue of Biotropica treat the effects of to predict their behaviour accurately since they often hurricanes on forest vegetation in Puerto Rico, the fail to represent in situ conditions. In this paper the Virgin Islands, , Jamaica and the tropical volcanic soils of Dominica. West Indies, are Yucatan Peninsula. Using a diversity of research used to provide a critical examination of standard approaches, the authors studied hurricane tests and procedures. Laboratory values of residual damage to vegetation and recorded short-term (2 yr) shear strength are shown to be inconsistent and patterns of vegetation response. We summarise these frequently low. Explanations are offered in terms of papers and some other recent studies, and we discuss testing pressures, the structure of the soil and the possible longer term patterns of vegetation recovery. dynamics of soil water movement through the Tanner et al. (1991) place these studies of profile. Three commonly used stability models are hurricane damage in a broader context and suggest examined. Their failure to predict field slope angles directions for future research. accurately is accounted for by the (unrepresentative, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. laboratory-derived) values input into the models and by the accumulation of averaging errors at the high ID: 1369 slope angles used. Au: Waide, Robert B. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Summary of the response of animal populations to hurricanes in the Caribbean. ID: 1367 So: Biotropica; 23(4a):508-12, Dec. 1991. Au: Garrett, R. G; Geddes, A. J. S. Ab: The article presents a summary and evaluation of the Ti: Studies of regional drainage geochemistry in impact of hurricanes on animal populations. Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Transactions of the institution of mining and metallurgy: Section b. Applied earth sciences; 100 ID: 1370 B88-B97, May-Aug. 1991. Au: Murty, V. S. N; Kumar, S. Prasanna; Brown, Philbert Ab: At the request of the Government of Jamaica the E; Gray, Calvin R; Hulse, Justin; Jeremiah, Patrick; Canadian International Development Agency Wagh, Arun; Desai, B. N. (CCCIDA) supported a regional geochemical Ti: Surface heat budget of the Caribbean Sea during reconnaissance survey of those areas of Jamaica the pre-hurricane period (April-May) of 1990. underlain by Cretaceous inliers and Lower Eocene So: Caribbean Marine Studies: The Journal of the Wagwater Belt rocks in 1986. The field, analytical and Institute of Marine Affairs; 2(1/2):87-96, 1991. 149 Ab: Analysis of surface meteorological observations in the Ab: An increase in obvious live-birth neural tube defects Caribbean Sea in the Caribbean Oceanographic (NTDS), spina bifida cystica (meningocele, Resources Exploration (CORE) Project during April myelomeningocele) and encephalocide, occurring in and May 1990 are presented. The computed latent Jamaica, 11-18 months post-Hurricane Gilbert and heat flux over the west central Caribbean Sea was periconceptionally coinciding with a rise in affected by the movement of cold fronts and high megaloblastic change in homozygous sickle cell pressure systems. The estimated net oceanic heat gain (Hbss) patients, was investigated by a retrospective shows that the waters between the Bahamas and case-control study. The results show that the post- Antigua lost heat energy (60W.m-2) from the air-sea hurricane increased incidence of live-birth neural tube interface and this may form a source of heat energy defects, occurring in Jamaica, was associated with a to the overlying atmosphere during the pre-hurricane maternal diet comparatively low in folate in period. In contrast the waters to the south, between periconceptional period. Belize and Guyana, gained heat energy at the sea Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. surface. Part of this heat energy may be transferred to ID: 1373 the colder upwelling regions. The evaporation rate is Au: Lewis, Delando Roy. low (3mm.d-1) near the Guyana coast and is high (8.5 Ti: An assessment of the impact of surface flooding, mm.d-1) between the Bahamas and Antigua. The and the response of residents of different socio- estimated net heat gain at the sea surface during the economic status in the Kingston Metropolitan pre-hurricane period may have an influence on the region. growth and development of hurricanes moving over Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies (Mona); the region from the eastern Atlantic Ocean. 1991. 197. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona)

presented for the degree M.Sc. ID: 1371 Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. Au: Baillie, I. C; Carr, J. P; Gibson, G. A; Wright, A. C. S.

Ti: Throughflow in fine-textured soils in the coastal ID: 1374 lowlands of southern Belize. Au: Vermeiren, Jan C. So: Caribbean Geography; 3(2):94-106, Sept. 1991. Ti: Natural disasters: linking economics and the Ab: Throughflow is the lateral movement of water environment with a vengeance. through subsoils, often caused by decreases in soil So: In: Girvan, Norman. ed; Simmons, David M. ed. permeability with depth. It was measured by Caribbean ecology and economics. Bridgetown, 1991. interception at various depths in eight profiles in 27-42. representative soils of the coastal plain of southern Ab: An often overlooked aspect in the linkage between Belize. Throughflow hydrographs tended to peak economic development and environment is the within a few hours of heavy rainfall and to recede vulnerability of development to environmental rapidly. Throughflow was observed throughout the extremes, or natural hazards. The impact of a full depth of the subsoil and was not concentrated natural disaster on the economy of a small developing above the clay-enriched horizon. A cutoff drain at 25 country can be devasting. Jamaica's GDP for cm depth substantially diminished throughflow in calendar 1988 fell by 2 percent as against an expected one pit, and a drain at 60 cm caused its virtual growth of 5 percent. Settlements and their cessation in another. Throughflow enables some services, basic infrastructure, productive facilities, and water to be retained for use by vegetation and even the natural resource base can sustain severe decreases erosion risks associated with overland flow. damage, forcing the country to divert scarce funds to The importance of this pathway also has pedagogical their rehabilitation. The foreign exchange earning implications, as the lateral diversion of vertical capacity of export agriculture and tourism can be percolation decreases the amount of water for wiped out for a substantial period, at a time when leaching and weathering of the lower horizons. the country needs to acquire goods and sevices from Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. abroad as inputs for the rehabilitation effort. ID: 1372 Countries in the region, and their international Au: Duff, Edith Marilyn. development assistance agencies continue to Ti: A post-hurricane Gilbert increase in neural tube formulate development plans and investment projects defects in Jamaica, associated with a diet without due consideration to the risks posed by comparatively low in 'foliate' in the natural hazards. Yet the recent disasters that affected periconceptional period. the region serve as a reminder that sustainable Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1991. 100. development cannot be attained without Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies Mona mitigating hazard risk perception and response. presented for the degree Master (Nutrition). Significant progress can be made towards this end by 150 including hazard assessment and vulnerability analysis was also described in detail, as the legislation evolved in the development planning process, and by through the many drafts the focus shifted from a expanding the project appraisal process to conservation angle to a coastal management context. include a cost-benefit analysis for investment in During the four years a coastal management agency appropriate loss reduction and mitigation measures. was set up, the Conservation and Fisheries Lo: Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Information Center for Department and already many of the administrative Latin America and the Caribbean; UWI, Mona, procedures for implementation of the Act are in Science Library; place. It is predicted that the legislation will be enacted early in 1991, regulations to the Act are being ID: 1375 prepared. It is hoped that the legislation will provide Au: Sigurdsson, Heraldur; Carey, Steven. a framework law for other islands in the region. Ti: Caribbean volcanoes. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Sudbury; Geological Association of Canada; 1991. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1378 Au: Bertrand, Diane; O'Brien-Delpesh; Gerald, Lloyd; ID: 1376 Romano, Hayden. Au: Cambers, Gillian. Ti: Coastlines of Trinidad and Tobago:a coastal Ti: Coastlines of the Caribbean. stability perspective. Pub: New York; American Society of Civil Engineers; So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. 1991. 187. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, Ab: This proceedings, coastlines of the Caribbean, 1991. 1-16. contains papers presented at the Coastal Zone '91 the Ab: The Institute of Marine Affairs embarked as early and Seventh Symposium on Coastal Zone Management 1982 on coastal conservation studies and a structured held in Long Beach, California, July 8-13, 1991. This programme of data collection and analysis was volume is part of a continuing series of volumes of established from 1985. Forty-one beach profile Coastlines of the World. Some of the topics covered stations have been established around Trinidad and include environmental considerations, engineering Tobago. The nearshore processes and beach profile and science; data gathering and monitoring; legal, data collected at these station indicate the complex regulatory, and political aspects of coastal interlay of the aspect, coastal geology and the near management; planning, conservation, and shore hydrodynamics contribute to the form of the development; and public information and citizen coastlines. The south coast of Trinidad is one of the participation. This volume the professionals, more dynamic coastlines. The geological outcrop of decision makers and the general public with a broad this coast consists mainly of weak unconsolidated understanding of these subjects as they relate to the silts, clay and sandstones, which provides little Caribbean. resistance to the on coming waves. The geological Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. formation exposed along the east and west coasts of Trinidad are similar. The difference in the degree of coastal erosion experienced along these coasts is ID: 1377 primarily due to the fact that the west coast is Au: Cambers, Gillian . sheltered whilst the east coast is open to the Atlantic Ti: Coastal legislation in the British Virgin Islands. Ocean and therefore to direct attack by high energy So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. waves. The highly indented north coasts with its New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, sheltered inlets is composed of low grade 1991. 47-60. metamorphic rocks. The resistant rocks and the Ab: The British Virgin Islands (B.V.I), a group of fifty inherent geomorphology are the major factors islands east of Puerto Rico having long been at the responsible for the stability of the coastlines. Tobago forefront of environmental management in the has a different geological history from Trinidad. The Eastern Caribbean. The B.V.I is heavily dependent northeastern two-thirds of the island is composed of on tourism, most of which is located in the coastal igneous and metamorphic rocks whereas the zone. A major environmental workshop in 1986 southwestern third consists of coral line limestone. recognized depletion of coastal resources as a major This distribution of geology has influenced the nature problem, and the need for development of new of Tobago's coastlines. The coral line region is less coastal legislation was identified as a priority area. rugged and indented than the other region. The process whereby the legislation was prepared is Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. described, this included seven major drafts over a period of four years as well as a series of public meetings. The subject area covered by the legislation 151 ID: 1379 Ab: The small coral reef islands of Carrie Bow Cay and Au: Lewsey, Clement D . South Water Cay receive sufficient groundwater Ti: Evaluating the efficacy of CZM in the Eastern recharge to develop fresh water lenses in accordance Caribbean. with the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. The climate, So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. tidal effect and hydrogeology of both islands are the New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, same with the landmasses differing only in size. Thus, 1991. 32-46. the effect of size in fresh water lens formation can be Ab: This paper will examine the importance of the coastal isolated. On the tiny Carrie Bow Cay with a width of zone in the Eastern Caribbean and will trace the 38 meters, a very thin fresh water layer of a few origin of coastal management activities in selected centimeters forms in the wet season, while on South islands. It will highlight the necessity for an integrated Water Cay with a width of 100 meters, a fresh water approach to coastal zone management and will also layer almost one meter thick develops. During the dry explore policy initiatives for potential change in land season only a brackish water transition zone exists on use controls through tax incentives, and the Carrie Bow Cay and the fresh water layer on South incorporation of environmental indices into coastal Water Cay shrinks to about 0.5 meter. planning for sustainable development. The problems Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of implementing coastal zone management programs in these island nations will also be examined. ID: 1382 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Jones, Margaret A. J; Bacon, Peter R. Ti: Oil pollution in Jamaica's coastal environment. ID: 1380 So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. Au: Atherley, K. A; Nurse, L. A; Toppin, Y. B. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, Ti: Facing management challenges on the Barbados 1991. 100-14. coastline: the problem of coastline accesses. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, ID: 1383 1991. 17-31. Au: Freestone, David. Ab: The problem of providing appropriate and safe public Ti: Problems of coastal zone management in access to the coastline is one that has been Antigua and Barbuda. confronting coastal zone managers and planners in So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. Barbados for the last 20 years. Despite the presence New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, of some 58 access points, there have been numerous 1991. 61- 9. complaints about the inadequate nature of the Ab: The number of beaches and the beauty of the coastal accesses, particularly with respect to quality of service areas of Antigua and Barbuda have been the basis for and facilities. Issues relating to ownership of dry a steep rise in tourism in the last decade, which has beach lands, land owners' assumption of ownership resulted in commensurate acceleration of of artificially created beach lands, the public's misuse development in the coastal zone. The building of of rights-of-way over private land, and the threats to hotels and tourism related facilities has resulted in the increased defacto 'privatization 'of beaches as coastal draining of important salt pond and mangrove areas, development continues, all speaks to the need for a and the need for deep water access for cruise ships strategic approach to coastline access management. has necessitated the dredging of habour areas. Such Such a strategy can be integrated into an overall developments threaten possible long-term coastal zone management policy, having the essential environmental damage. Because of the priority which ingredients of sound planning namely the have been given to the development of tourism and identification and development of existing accesses, its wealth generating importance, it is only recently the acquisition of new access space, and the relevant that attention has started to be given to the co- legislative reform. Set within a multiple use ordination of the activities which put considerable framework to coastal planning these task appears to stress on the coastal zone. This paper assesses be attainable. the legislative and institutional responses to these Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. problems.

Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1381 Au: Urish, M; Daniel, W. ID: 1384 Ti: Hydrogeology of Caribbean coral reef islands. Au: Imbert, Colm P . So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. Ti: The case of privatisation of public beach New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, facilities in a developing country. 1991. 136-48. 152 So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. dredging because of its considerable negative New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, environmental impacts. 1991. 85-99. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1388 ID: 1385 Au: Black, John A. Au: Williams, A. T; Williams, M. J. Ti: Tropical carbonate coastal processes. Ti: The perceived effectiveness of coastal warning So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. signs. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. 1991. 160-9. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, Ab: One of the most distinctive features of tropical and 1991. 70-84. subtropical carbonate coasts is their tendency to Ab: Fifteen hazard warning signs, including two currently lithify to form beach rock eolianite. Once formed, the used on beaches and cliffs at the Glamorgan Heritage beach rock and eolianite is more easily eroded by Coast, Wales, UK, were tested via a semantic chemical and physical processes than is volcanic rock. differential test. Results showed that signs Since these coastlines shift rather rapidly from their incorporating pictorial and written information were unconsolidated to their consolidated, and back once most effective in presenting the hazard of dangerous again to their unconsolidated forms, the amount of cliffs. Current signs on the GHC are word only signs. sediment supplied to the longshore transport system Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. is extremely variable. As a result, coastal processes change more rapidly in these areas than along the ID: 1386 coastlines of more northerly and southerly latitudes. Au: Oxman, Boris L. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: The vulnerability of Puerto Rico to natural hazards. ID: 1389 So: In: Cambers, Gillian. Coastlines of the Caribbean. Au: Ross-Frankson, Joan. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, Ti: Community toolbox for disaster preparedness. 1991. 3-9. Pub:Kingston; Association of Development Agencies; Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1991. 45. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. ID: 1387 Au: Green, Kenneth M; Cambers, Gillian. ID: 1390 Ti: The economic and environmental consideration Au: De Albuquerque, Klaus. of beach sand mining in St. Lucia, West Indies. Ti: Conflicting claims on the Antigua coastal So: In: Cambers, Gillian. ed. Coastlines of the Caribbean. resources: the case of the McKinnons and Jolly New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, Hill Salt Ponds. 1991. 124-35. Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1991. 9. Ab: This report focuses on the issues surrounding the Ab: Presents a case study of the impact of problem of beach sand mining today in St. Lucia. condominium/marina projects on two of Antigua's The use of beach sand as a fine aggregate in the salt ponds/mangrove swamps. It examines the construction industry is detailed and the associated nearshore and onshore environmental impacts of problems of beach sand extraction discussed. The dredging and filling operations at the two ponds, and need to sustain a healthy construction industry is reports on how destruction of the mangrove swamps recognized, but at the same time attention is drawn to has effected traditional resource and recreational use. the negative impacts of this process. The available An attempt is made to examine the long-run socio- statistics generated by Government reports indicate economic implications of these projects, and the that the demand for fine aggregate has grown steadily paper concludes with a note on the political climate during the past decade. An overview of the block as it relates to environmental protection. manufacturing industry including raw materials and Lo: UWI, Sir Authur Lewis Institute of Social and production costs is provided. Numerous options are Economic Studies. available to provide the construction industry with alternative sources of fine aggregate without ID: 1391 compromising the quality of the concrete product. Au: McQuilkin, Preston A. These options discussed in the report include Ti: Economic and technical analysis for the long- offshore dredging, sand importation, pumice term solution of a critical coastal erosion importation from Martinique and pumice production problem in Point Fortin, South Trinidad. in St. Lucia. In summary, all of the latter activities are Pub: St. Augustine; University of the West Indies; 1991. deemed viable with the exception of offshore 153 Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies, St. ID: 1394 Augustine presented for the degree M.Sc. Au: Food and Agriculture Organization. Ab: At present, Trinmar Ltd. an offshore oil recovery Ti: Jamaica: watershed protection and small farmer company which operates out of the Borough of Point development project. Fortin is faced with a serious threat to their So: Rome; Food and Agriculture Organization; 1991. production system. The coastal erosion process 500. which occurs on the southwest coast of Trinidad has Lo: Jamaica, Planning Institute of Jamaica. propagated a landslide which has undermined some of the supports to the main trunk gathering pipelines. ID: 1395 Trinmar's 34,000 bopd production will be interrupted Au: Berke, Philip R; Wenger, Dennis. for an indefinite period if the pipelines are broken or Ti: Linking hurricane disaster recovery to fractured in any way. This worse case scenario must sustainable development strategies: Antigua, not be allowed to occur and consequently, a proposal West Indies. for the effective removal of this threat is required. So: College Station, Texas; Texas A&M University. This report generated and considered several Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center; 1991. 12 . alternatives solutions to the problem and has Ab: This report discusses findings of an examination of recommended a beach revetment which offers coastal the disaster planning, response, and long-term protection and a system of cantilevered overhead recovery activities by government and non- supports for the pipelines at the cliff top at a total governmental organisations. estimated project cost of $2,340.000. Lo: UWI, Mona, Department of Geography and Lo: UWI, St. Augustine, Library Geology.

ID: 1392 ID: 1396 Au: Pickery, Nancy I. Au: Berke, Philip R; Wenger, Dennis. Ti: Emergency preparedness and emergency Ti: Linking hurricane disaster recovery to management-an evaluation of shelter managers' sustainable development strategies: St. Kitts and preparedness for emergency management in Nevis, West Indies. Kingston and St. Andrew. Pub: College Station; Texas A&M University. Hazard Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1991. Reduction and Recovery Center; 1991. 41. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies Mona Ab: This report discusses findings of an examination of presented for the degree Master's in Public Health. the disaster planning, response, and long-term Ab: The research was undertaken to assess the state of recovery activities by government and non- preparedness of shelter managers for their role. This governmental organisations in St. Kitts and cross-sectional evaluation study was done during Nevis. February and March of 1991 on a sample of 28 Lo: UWI, Mona, Department of Geography and shelter managers in Kingston and St. Andrew. To Geology. facilitate this process an evaluation tool was devised to assess level of post-training activity, knowledge of ID: 1397 shelter management procedures and community Au: Berke, Philip R; Wenger, Dennis. resources, health knowledge and attitude all of which Ti: Montserrat: emergency planning, response and combined resulted in a total performance score which recovery related to hurricane Hugo. in turn reflected the state of preparedness. Total Pub:College Station; Texas A&M University. Hazard mean performance was 81.l percent with a standard Reduction and Recovery Center; 1991. 90. deviation of 9.1 percent. The majority of managers Ab: This report discusses the findings of an examination obtained scores between 73 percent and 93 percent. of the emergency planning, response, and long-term Positive significant associations were found between recovery activities by government and non- age and level of performance (p0.05), post training governmental organisations in Montserrat. The key activity versus knowledge (p0.05) and knowledge concern was to analyse the planning, response and versus attitude (p0.05). Level of performance did not recovery activities in order to gain knowledge that differ significantly with type of employment (p0.05). can be utilised to lessen the consequences of future Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. hurricanes in the region. With regard to emergency planning and response, the authors focus on the ID: 1393 major problems and difficulties encountered in these Ti: Guidelines for the selection and siting of areas in an attempt to improve future planning and hazardous and solid waste disposal facilities in response measures. Regarding recovery, the intent is Jamaica. to derive recommendations for developing successful Pub: Kingston; Underground Water Authority; 1991. 64. recovery planning programs that make reconstructed Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. 154 localities less vulnerable to future disasters, and to Co: Seminar on Monitoring and Control of Sanitary enhance prospects for distributing recovery aid on Quality of Bathing and Shellfish-Growing Marine the basis of need, and to improve local capability to Waters in the Wider Caribbean; Kingston, 8-12, Apr. undertake sustainable development efforts. In 1991. addition to any usefulness this study may have as a Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. description and evaluation of the planning, response, and recovery experiences in the eastern Caribbean, the authors hope it will aid in the development of ID: 1401 disaster recovery planning programs in countries that Au: Caribbean Conservation Association (CCA). have not recently experienced a disastrous event. Ti: St. Lucia environmental profile. Lo: UWI, Mona, Department of Geography and Pub: s.l; Government of St. Lucia; 1991. Geology. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management.

ID: 1398 Ti: Primer on natural hazard management in ID: 1402 integrated regional development planning. Au: Hendry, Malcolm D; Nurse, Leonard. So: Washington, D.C.; Organisation of American States; Ti: Shoreline erosion and accretion: a key factor for 1991. sustainable management of Caribbean coastal Pub: Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Information Center for resources. Latin America and the Caribbean; UWI, Science So: In: Moore, Euna; Rudder, Joy. Sustainable Library; development for the Caribbean: the role of UWI. Bridgetown, UWI: CERMES, 1991. ID: 1399 Ab: Shoreline erosion and accretion are amongst the most Au: Hernández de la Torre, B; García, C; Baisre, J. visible changes affecting coastal areas. These changes Ti: Pueden los ciclones tropicales provocar assume considerable significance especially in migraciones masivas de langosta? Caribbean islands due to concentration of population, Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n.; 1991. 6. infrastructure and economic activity along narrow Ab: Analiza los ciclones tropicales que afectaron a Cuba coastal plains. Land loss is having direct and desde 1981 a 1989 y las capturas de langosta en la immediate impact on coastal construction, temporada de recalo (octubre-febrero) para el mismo communications and the tourism industry, among periodo de tiempo, así como las anomalías de la other areas. For many territories the absence of presión atmosférica y otras variables alternative sites and the impracticality of relocation hidrometeorológicas en esos eventos. Muestra los requires that engineering options must be used to recalos provocados por los 7 ciclones tropicales que stabilise coastal areas. This background paper on afectaron al país en la plataforma suroccidental y en el coastal changes (1) reviews the literature on shoreline caso del Katrina y el Gilbert, para las restantes changes for the Caribbean region (2) analyses the plataformas, tomando como referencia la estación scale of the problems caused by such changes (3) meteorológica de Isabel Rubio. Concluye que las recommends programme areas that can be developed migraciones masivas provocadas por los ciclones by UWI to address the problems. tropicales se presentan siempre que la diferencia de Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. presiones atmosféricas tengan anomalías iguales o mayores de -5 hpa, demostrando, además, que existe ID: 1403 una tendencia a que las capturas de langosta sean Au: Imbert, Colm P. mayor cuanto más pronunciada sea la diferencia de Ti: Engineering for coastal development: a presión durante el paso de los ciclones tropicales. Caribbean perspective. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. So: In: Moore, Euna; Rudder, Joy. Sustainable development for the Caribbean: the role of UWI. Bridgetown, UWI: CERMES, 1991. ID: 1400 Ab: Coastal engineering problems, specifically erosion Au: UNEP/CEP/IOC. control, are examined in the four main Caribbean Ti: Report on the CEPPOL seminar on monitoring territories of Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and control of sanitary quality of bathing and and Guyana. Current engineering solutions employed shellfish-growing marine waters in the wider and public administrative arrangements for Caribbean. monitoring and controlling coastal development are Pub: Kingston; Caribbean Environment Programme; 1991. described. New engineering approaches, such as 38. increased focus on shoreline stabilisation and beach reconstruction rather than mere shoreline protection, 155 are proposed. Detailed consideration of the approach is to strengthen Pesticide and Hazardous damaging effects of land and industrial development Substances Control Boards to control the on coastal ecosystems and the consequent impact on importation of carcinogens and highly toxic coastal dynamics is recommended for future work. chemicals and thirdly to monitor carcinogens in the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. food chain. In its effort to protect human health, which is the most valuable resource for sustainable ID: 1404 economic development, CERMES has proposed four Au: Phelps, H. O. programmes involving training of occupational health Ti: Perspectives in industrial waste management in personnel for leadership positions to study the the Caribbean: Part I water resource toxicity and mutagenicity of chemicals and to assess conservation and waste management. and investigate the industrial hazards of toxic So: In: Moore, Euna. ed; Rudder, Joy. ed. Sustainable chemicals in the food chain. development in the Caribbean: the role of UWI. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Bridgetown, CERMES, 1991. Ab: Considerations for sustainable development shed new light on the problems associated with waste ID: 1406 conservation and the collection and disposal of Au: Rowley, Keith C; Ambeh, William B. wastes. The destruction of forests, particularly on Ti: The case of the El Pilar fault system in Trinidad hillsides has profound negative impacts on water and its implications for seismic hazard in the supply systems, as well as leading to problems of soil S.E. Caribbean. erosion and landslides. Adequate supplies of water, So: In: Gillezeau, K. A. ed. Transactions of the 2nd with respect to quality and quantity, are essential for Geological Conference of the Geological Society of community health. Large sections of the populations Trinidad and Tobago. Port-of-Spain, Geological of the Caribbean are not served directly by a public Society of Trinidad and Tobago, 1991. 106. supply. Systems for the collecting and disposing of Co: 2nd Geological Conference of the Geological Society domestic wastewater are poorly developed. Quality of Trinidad and Tobago; Port-of-Spain, 1991. standards for treated wastewater have not been Ab: Geological maps of Trinidad and of regional tectonics established. In the absence of centralised sewerage show a major east-west trending fault system in the systems, wastes are currently disposed of on-site and contact zone between the Mesozoic metamorphic most installations do not treat `grey-water` which belt of the Northern Range and the Cenozoic becomes a pollutant. Wastewater should be treated sedimentary Northern Basin. Although the official as a valuable resource since it can be used in geology map of Trinidad presents this fault system as aquaculture and as a source of irrigation and cooling an inferred feature, the passage of time has bestowed water. Treatment methods should be appropriate to an element of fact to this structure without the Caribbean traditions. The increase in volume and benefit of confirmatory evidence. The tacit variety of solid wastes imposes severe problems in acceptance of the existence of the El Pilar Fault zone locating suitable sites for disposal in sanitary landfills. in northern Trinidad has given rise to its designation Proper forward planning is essential. Greater as the plate margin or boundary zone between the attention should be paid to recycling and the potential Caribbean plate and the South American plate. for pollution of aquifers by solid waste leachates. Whereas recent advances in the study of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Venezuelan counterpart section of the El Pilar system have provided supporting evidence for an active strike slip fault zone, the opposite seems to be the ID: 1405 case with the postulated Trinidad extension of this Au: Ibielele, Dagogo D. fault system. The implications of an active or Ti: Toxic waste management and human resources potentially active El Pilar fault are very far reaching projection in sustainable development. for an appreciation of the earthquake hazard So: In: Moore, Euna. ed; Rudder, Joy. ed. Sustainable exposure of Trinidad, as well as for the interpretation development in the Caribbean: the role of UWI. of regional tectonic models. This paper re-examines Bridgetown, UWI: CERMES, 1991. the El Pilar fault system against a background of Ab: Cancer and cardiovascular diseases which are geological and seismological data and concludes that associated with industrialisation and exposure to the case for an active seismic zone or strike-slip plate carcinogens and toxic chemicals are now a major margin is obscure. problem in the region. The first line of approach to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. protect the health of the workers and the general public is to develop and effect occupational health and safety programmes in the region. The second 156 ID: 1407 more productive economic activities. Often, the Au: Goodbody, Ivan. ed. significance of landslide impacts is assumed in Ti: Effects of Hurricane Gilbert on bird population decision-making which generally results in an under- in Jamaica. representation of actual losses. The effort required to So: Jamaica Naturalists; 1(1):5-6, Jan.1991. determine the significance of landslide impacts Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. improves landslide risk reduction. Knowing significance as well as the degree of hazard present and the economic elements at risk enables a more ID: 1408 effective combination of passive and active mitigation Au: Eyre, L. Alan. measures to be chosen. It also ensures these measures Ti: Jamaica's crisis in forestry and watershed are applied to the more critical locations. management. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Jamaica Naturalists; 1(1):27-34, Jan.1991. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1412 Au: Pan American Health Organization. ID: 1409 Ti: Partners in action: Bahamas, Antigua, Cuba, Au: Taylor, Federick; Mann, Paul. Jamaica and Trinidad. Ti: Late quaternary folding of coral reef terraces, So: Stop Disasters; 10-2, Mar. - Apr. 1991. Barbados. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Geology; 19:103-6, Feb. 1991. Ab: Uplifted late quaternary coral reefs on the island of ID: 1413 Barbados record folding of the emergent crest of the Au: González Valdés, E; Suárez Soler, E; Cobley Conner, lesser Antilles accretionary prism (Barbados Ridge A; Mendezova, J. complex) since ca.1 Ma. Three northeast-striking Ti: Purificación de aire para la recuperación de folds are defined by systematic changes in altitudes in materiales por vía seca. the crest of the First High Cliffs, a mostly Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1991. 12 constructional terrace of about 125 Ka, and second Co: Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sanitaria y High Cliff, a partially erosional reef terrace of about Ambiental, 3; Ciudad de La Habana, 16-18, Apr. 500 ka. The folds have wavelength of 6 to 8 km and 1991. fold axes extend about 10 km. The largest anticline Ab: En los sistemas de captación de polvos industriales se rises to the northeast, where it is breached by erosion sitúan purificadores de aire para evitar la exposing highly deformed Eocene to lower Miocene contaminación atmosférica y lograr la recuperación rocks of the Scotland District. Uplift rates based on de los materiales captados. En la industria de the height of the last interglacial First High Cliff materiales de la construcción resulta adecuada la range from 0.07 to 0.44 mm/yr. Quaternary folding solución de purificadores para la recuperación de on Barbados indicates that the crest of the materiales secos como ciclones y filtros de mangas. accretionary prism continues to be an active fold belt Atendiendo a esta necesidad se diseñaron 42 modelos undergoing nortwest- southeast shortening. de ciclones ordinarios de siete di metros y tres Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ángulos diferentes en la tubuladura de entrada, atendiendo a las necesidades de purificación, los ID: 1410 caudales y la pérdida de presión requeridas, y tres Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. módulos de filtros de mangas de 36, 42 y 48 mangas Ti: Seismic events: summary of earthquakes con regulación mediante aire comprimido. recorded in 1990 by the Jamaica Network of Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Seismograph Stations. So: GSJ Newsletter; 11(4):7-8, Feb. 1991. ID: 1414 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Baker, David. ed.

ID: 1411 Ti: Mechanical anisotropy and mental torpor. Au: de Graff, Jerome V. So: Jamaican Geographer; (5):5, May 1991. Ti: Determining the significance of landslide Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. activity: examples from the Eastern Caribbean. So: Caribbean Geography; 3(1):29-42, Mar. 1991. ID: 1415 Ab: Landslides inflict losses which are a burden to the Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. people and economies of island nations in the Ti: Seismic events: January- February, 1991. Eastern Caribbean. Landslides are a common natural So: GSJ Newsletter; 12(1):3-4, May 1991. hazard causing loss of life and property in these Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. countries. These losses drain the resources from 157 ID: 1416 Ab: Hurricanes Gilbert (8-19 September 1988) and Hugo Au: Jamaican Geographical Society. (10-22 September 1989) are two of the largest and Ti: Soil erosion, slope stability and watershed most destructive landfalling hurricanes in recent management. history. Differences in regional geography and type of So: Jamaican Geographer; (5):1-2, May 1991. coastal development, as well as storm size, tracks, and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. tidal stage at landfall had profound effects at the storm response of developed shorelines. In both ID: 1417 Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Gilbert) and South Au: Lee, David. Carolina (Hugo), storm damage was increased by Ti: Montego Bay Marine Park: protecting a vital notching or removing dunes for development or resource. beach access and by sitting development at low So: Jamaica Naturalists; 2(1):19, 22-4, Jul. 1992. elevations or "too close" to the shoreline. High and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. wide dune fields, coastal forest, construction at high elevations, and building setback helped mitigate ID: 1418 storm damage. Au: Barberi, Franco. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Reducing volcanic disasters. So: Stop Disasters; 2 :3, Jul-Aug. 1991. ID: 1423 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: International Decade for Natural Disasters. Ti: Meeting of Latin American Countries on ID: 1419 IDNDR. Au: Vogel, Peter. So: Stop Disasters; 3 :10, Sept.-Oct. 1991. Ti: The conservation status of Jamaican Iguana. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Jamaica Naturalists; 2(1):11-2, 14-5, Jul. 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1424 Au: de Ville de Goyet, Claude. ID: 1420 Ti: Second session of the scientific and technical Au: Bruce, J. P. committee. Ti: Disaster reduction and sustainable development. So: Stop Disasters; 3: 4-5, Sept.-Oct. 1991. So: Stop Disasters; 3: 12-13, Sept.-Oct. 1991. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1425 ID: 1421 Au: de Ville de Goyet, Claude. Au: International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Ti: Whose decade is it anyway? Ti: First session of the special high level council of So: Stop Disasters; 3: 3, Sept.-Oct. 1991. the IDNDR. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Stop Disasters; 3: 6-7, Sept.-Oct. 1991. Ab: The Special High-Level Council of the International ID: 1426 Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction held its Au: Brass, Andrew R. inaugural session at United Nations Headquarters in Ti: The use of a geographical information system for New York, from 9 to 10 October 1991. The council mapping landslide potential in the West Indies. has undertaken its role to advise the Secretary- Pub: West Yorkshire; n.s.; Sept. 1991. General, promote awareness and mobilize resources Th: Submitted to University of Reading presented for the of the IDNDR. The inaugural session was attended degree Doctor of Philosophy. by the UN Secretary- General, Mr. Javier Perez de Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Cuellar. The Council elected as its Chairman Mr. Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, Former President of ID: 1427 Mexico. At the end of its session the Council issued Au: Moore, Euna. ed; Rudder, Joy. ed. the declaration. Ti: Sustainable development for the Caribbean: the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. role of the UWI. Pub: Cave Hill; University of the West Indies; The Center ID: 1422 for Resource Management and Environmental Au: Theiler, Robert; Bush, Michael. Studies 1991. Ti: Hurricanes Gilbert and Hugo sends powerful Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. messages for coastal development. So: Journal of Geological Education; 39(4):291-9, Sept. 1991.

158 ID: 1428 waters of Tobago Sound had a mean DDPH level of Au: Schrinner, J. E. 0.46 ug.L-1 which would suggest contamination by Ti: Overview of international oil pollution petroleum hydrocarbons. conventions. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; s.n.; 1992. 10. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. ID: 1432 Au: Fielding, William J; Johnston, Colin F. ID: 1429 Ti: An estimate of the probability of rainfall in the St. Au: Negril Coral Reef Preservation Society. Dorothy Plains, St. Catherine. Ti: Protecting Jamaica's coral reefs: final report of So: JAGRIST: the Bulletin of the Jamaican Society for the Negril reef mooring workshop and Agricultural Science (JSAS); 4(2):18-23, Dec. 1992. installation project. Ab: Rainfall data collected from 1971 to 1991 were Pub: Negril; NCRPS; 1992. 49. analysed to examine the rainfall pattern at Bodles Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Research Station on the St. Dorothy Plains. Data from the two meteorological stations (1.5 km apart) ID: 1430 were compared and found to be not significantly Au: Carby, Barbara E; Molina, Medardo. different. It was also found that there is a 70 percent Ti: A real-time flood warning system for the Rio chance of a two week dry spell during the summer, Cobre basin, Jamaica. and only in May and September-October is there a So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; fair chance of rain. The data indicate that in a low 12(Special issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):77-81, 1992. rainfall area such as Bodles, it is more informative to Ab: As part of the Flood Plain Mapping Project, the quote median rainfall values rather than mean values. Office of Disaster Preparedness and the project's Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. other technical agencies are installing an automated flood warning system in the Rio Cobre basin. The ID: 1433 system will consist of automatic recording rainfall and Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. streamflow guages designed to transmit data on a Ti: Climatic change, future sea-level rise and real-time basis to a base station equipped with a implications for Caribbean shorelines. microcomputer which will decode and analyse the So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12: 105- data and issue a warning when a critical rainfall level 7, 1992. is reached. Application of advanced hydro- Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. meteorological forecasting techniques is expected to provide timely and reliable warning of impending ID: 1434 flood events. The proposed site of the base station is Au: Shepherd, John B; Rowley, Keith C; Lynch, Lloyd L. the Office of the National Meteorological Service, Ti: Contemporary seismicity of the Trinidad and which is to be manned on a 24-hour basis. Tobago Region: tectonic and earthquake hazard Installation of this system will be accompanied by a implications. public education programme in the communities at So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12 risk in the basin. (Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):10-25, 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Results are presented from the first eleven years of operation of a radio-linked seismograph network in ID: 1431 the Trinidad and Tobago region. All earthquakes of Au: Persad, Deenesh. magnitude (mb) greater than about 2.8 have been Ti: A synoptic view of the levels of relocated using the method of joint hypocentral dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons determination (JHD). The results show an extremely (DDPH) in waters of the south-eastern complex pattern of seismicity and are presented as a Caribbean. set of maps showing earthquakes in different depth So: Caribbean Marine Studies: The Journal of the ranges. Important features of the earthquake Institute of Marine Affairs; 252-6, 1992. distribution are that the supposed continuation of the Ab: The waters of the south-eastern Caribbean between El Pilar fault through the northern part of Trinidad Martinique and the island of Trinidad were sampled has not been seismically active for at least the past for dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons decade and that there is significant source of (DDPH) in sub-surface (1 m) at 13 stations between immediate-depth earthquakes to the east of Trinidad, November 2 and 14, 1991. The DDPH levels were the existence of which was previously unknown. Our determined by concentrating on C18 bonded phase interpretation of the results favours oblique ongoing cartridges (Alltech Maxi-Clean, TM 600 mg), eluted collision between the Lesser Antilles island arc and with hexane and quantitiated against chrysene using fluorescence spectroscopy. On the other hand, the 159 the South American continent rather than executed by the World Meteorological Organisation predominantly east-west slip motion. in cooperation with the Office of Disaster Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Preparedness and other Jamaican government agencies. ID: 1435 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Shepherd, John B. Ti: Current status of seismicity studies in the Greater ID: 1437 and Lesser Antilles. Au: Miller, Arnold I; Cummins, Hays; Boardman, Mark So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; R. 12(Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):3-9, 1992. Ti: Effect of Hurricane Hugo on molluscan skeletal Ab: The present status of seismicity studies in the Greater distributions, Bay, St. Croix, U.S. and Lesser Antilles is discussed with reference to the Virgin Islands. adequacy of the existing data base for studies of So: Geology; 20(1):23-6, 1992. Caribbean tectonics, of earthquake hazard and of the Ab: Just prior to the passage of Hurricane Hugo over St. recognition of seismicity patterns important for Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, 35 molluscan skeletal seismic hazard studies and earthquake prediction. samples were collected at 30 m intervals along a It is demonstrated that existing databases such as sampling transect in Salt River Bay, on the north- those of the NEIC and ISC are generally inadequate central coast. Three months after the hurricane, the for these purposes. Two reasons for this are transect was resampled to permit direct assessment of identified. One reason is that in some crucial areas of storm effects on skeletal distributions. Results the Caribbean, notably the western two-thirds of the indicate that spatial zonation of molluscan islands of Hispaniola and Jamaica, an insufficient accumulations, associated with environmental number of seismograph stations is in operation. A transitions along the transect, was maintained in second reason is that there is insufficient data the wake of the hurricane. However, limited exchange between the existing agencies within the transport was diagnosed by comparing the region and that many valuable original data are either compositions of prestorm and poststorm unavailable or are published only in obscure reports. samples from the deepest, mud-rich subenvironment It is suggested that rectification of these two defects on the transect. In aggregate, the species richness of should be a major objective of the forthcoming samples from the southern half of this zone increased International Decade of Natural Hazard Reduction. from 16 to 40, and the abundance of species that In the meantime, researchers, who use existing were not among the characteristic molluscs of this seismicity catalogues should pay close attention to subenvironment increased from 11 to 26. These their completeness and homogeneity. storm effects could probably not have been Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. recognised, and attributed directly to Hugo, had there been no prestorm samples with which to ID: 1436 compare directly the poststorm samples. Au: Nishimura, Yoshiaki. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Development of the community flood warning system for the Rio Cobre Basin, Jamaica. ID: 1438 So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; Au: Webber, Dale F; Webber, Mona K; Roff, John C. 12(Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):82-7, 1992. Ti: Effects of flood waters on the planktonic Ab: The Community Flood Warning System has been community of the Hellshire Coast, Southeast designed in order to issue flood warnings to the Jamaica. communities threatened by flood events. The basic So: Biotropica; 24(3):362-74, 1992. . idea is that the system should be operated by the Ab: Between 24 May and 4 June 1986 the island of community itself using very simple procedures. The Jamaica experienced up to 635 mm of rainfall lower Rio Cobre was selected as a pilot area for producing island wide flooding. Plankton developing this system. The river stage and the communities along the south coast were studied occurrence time of floods at Caymanas Bridge near before and after the flooding. Floodwaters from Caymanas Estate are predicted based on rainfall Kingston Harbour flowed southwest along the information (either forecasted or observed) and the Hellshire coast as far as Wreck Reef but were observed upstream river stage. Simple forecasting confined within 4 km of the shore. Water in the bay diagrams have been developed so the forecasters can along the lower Hellshire coast remained clear and easily predict the occurrence of a flood. The unaffected by Harbour water, although planktonic development of the system is one of the activities of communities showed marked changes. The Port the Flood Plain Mapping Project, sponsored by the Royal Cays area and much of the shelf was United Nations Development Programme and unaffected. During the flood the normal gradient of 160 decline in planktonic indices (biomass, abundance, disposed of at depth and shallow fresh-water lenses. and community similarity) with distance from the Instead zones of high transmissivity are used as Harbour was disrupted. The extent of the flooding receiving zones, and it is assumed that wastes are was evident from dramatic reductions in salinity and rapidly mixed, diluted and dispersed at these increases in extinction coefficient; temperatures were horizons, thus nufflifying any threat that they may lowered by only l to 2oC. Flood effects were pose to the environment. The zones of high confined to the upper water column; whereas, surface transmissivity correspond to cavernous horizons that salinity and phytoplankton were dramatically developed in the subsurface carbonates in changed, they remained largely unaffected at 7m relationship to low sea level and stratigraphic depth. In surface waters, the number of disconformities. Several such horizons occur in phytoplankton cells increased up to 4 x 106 per liter the Lucayan Limestone, but these vary in depth (5 times greater than normal) while biomass increased regionally. More widespread cavern zones occur to 30mg Chl a/m3 (10 times normal) and primary beneath the base of the Lucayan limestone and at production reached 20.5 mg C/m3/hr (20 times depths that equate to the Pleistocene sea level normal). lows. These are the main ones used for deep well Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. disposal. A good deal more research is needed. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1439 Au: Greenaway, A. M; Rankine-Jones, A. I. ID: 1441 Ti: Elemental concentrations in coastal sediments Au: Hodges, Stephen; Gunneman, Brenda. from Hellshire, Jamaica. Ti: Housing retrofit project: a report. So: Marine Pollution; 24(8):390-7, 1992. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; Ab: Twenty-four elements in the coarse and fine fractions 12(Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):97-8, 1992. (63 microns) of 37 coastal sediments have been Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The study was conducted in 50 km2 of ID: 1442 coastal area stretching south south-west from the Au: Basnet, Khadga; Likens, Gene E; Scatena, F. N; mouth of Kingston Harbour and undertaken to Lugo, Ariel E. assess the pollution status of the area. By considering Ti: Hurricane Hugo: damage to a tropical rain forest the percentages of the fine components of the in Puerto Rico. sediments and enrichment factors based on the So: Journal of Tropical Ecology; 8: 47-55, 1992. average composition of representative carbonate Ab: Hurricane Hugo of September 1989 caused severe sediments taken from the area, the sources of non- damage to the rain forest in the north-east corner of marine sediments have been identified. By Puerto Rico. We assessed the severity of damage considering enrichment factors based on the average distributed in space, species, and size-classes of trees composition of a sedimentary shale it has been in the Bisley Watersheds of the Luquillo shown that the area has not been contaminated, for Experimental Forest. We analyzed pre- and post- the elements under study, by sediments reaching the hurricane data for vegetation from transects coastal area from the identified sources. established in 1987 and 1988. The severity of damage Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. was significantly greater in valleys than on ridges and slopes. All the species except Dacryodew excelsa, ID: 1440 sloanea berteriana, and guarea guidonia showed 100 Au: Cant, Richard V. percent severe damage. Large trees (70 cm DBH) Ti: Geological implications of deep well disposal in were highly susceptible to hurricane damage, but the Bahamas. there was no clear pattern in the small size-classes. D. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; excelsa (tabonuco) was the most resistant to damage 12(Special Issue/Rafi Ahmad):66-73, 1992. by the hurricane. Tabonuco which has extensive Ab: In the Bahamas, a variety of liquid wastes have been root-grafts and root anchorage to bedrock and disposed of via boreholes for a number of years. The subsurficial rocks, apparently can survive frequent most common of these wastes include storm water, hurricanes and continue as a dominant species in this raw sewage, treated effluent, heated brine and cooling montane tropical rain forest. The high frequency of water. A smaller but no less significant component hurricanes, which can override other ecological and comprises the by-products of various industrial and topographic factors, may largely determine the overall commercial enterprises, some of which may be toxic. spatial pattern of species in this rain forest. All constitute a threat to valuable ground-water Lo: UWI, Science Library. resources. Subsurface investigations have failed to reveal any shallow aquicludes in the Bahamas that could be used to prevent mixing between the wastes 161 ID: 1443 ID: 1445 Au: Hubbard, Dennis K. Au: Harris, Norman H; Bryce, R. Ti: Hurricane-induced sediment transport in open- Ti: Landslide investigation in St. Mary, Jamaica. shelf tropical systems-an example from St. Croix, So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12: 105, U.S. Virgin Islands. 1992. So: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology; 62(6):946-60, 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Hurricane Hugo passed directly over St. Croix on 17 September 1989. Sustained winds in excess of 110 ID: 1446 knots (gusts to 165 knots) and waves 6-7 m in height Au: Manning, Paul A. S; McCain, Trevor W; Ahmad, Rafi. accompanied the storm. Along the north coast, wave Ti: Landslides triggered by 1988 Hurricane Gilbert height was lower (Ca 3-4 m) due to the leeward along roads in the Above Rocks area, Jamaica. position of the shelf. In the deeper reefs at Cane Bay So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; and Salt River, damage was confined primarily to the 12(Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):34-53, 1992. soft-bodied benthic community (e.g. sponges, Ab: In this paper the authors present an analysis of gorgonians): coral damage was much less severe, landslides triggered by 1988 Hurricane Gilbert along largely because of the buffering effects of the 109km of accessible principal and secondary road water column. The greatest change observed after network in the Above Rocks area, and evaluate the the storm was the wholesale flushing of sand from geological conditions for landslides. This study shelf-edge areas. In Salt River submarine canyon, a provides basic data for managing landslide hazard in minimum of 2 million kg of sediment were flushed Jamaica, hazard preparedness and mitigation, land into deeper water. The transport rate associated management and watershed engineering. with the storm was eleven orders of magnitude above Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. that measured during fair-weather, and the volume of sediment that was removed from the canyon equalled ID: 1447 roughly a century of normal sediment Au: Robinson, Edward. accumulation. At Cane Bay, 336,000 kg of sediment Ti: Planning for a better environment: the changing were flushed from a single channel, with similar role of the geoscientist in the Caribbean. amounts removed from adjacent breaks in the shelf- So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; edge reef. Specifically the paper describes the 12(Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):99-101, 1992. patterns of reef damage and sediment transport and Ab: For the functioning geoscientist in the Caribbean an attempt is made to show that factors other than region the environment contains at least two the severity of the wave regime must be understood components. For the local component, encompassing to characterise adequately the possible effects. the region or nation in which the geoscientist is Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. working, concern is principally directed at local problems of materials use, effective disposal of waste, ID: 1444 maintenance of reliable, potable water supplies, Au: Archer, Arthur B. control of beach erosion and similar matters. Here Ti: Land-based sources of coastal and marine the opportunity exists for significant professional pollution in CARICOM countries. input on environmental problems by the So: UNEP Industry and Environment; 15(1-2):23-8, 1992. professionals concerned. On the other hand, these Ab: Industry in the Caribbean region is increasingly geoscientists have little control over systems effecting diverse and polluting. It includes agro-industries, the the evolution of the global component, embracing processing of indigenous and imported raw materials, such concerns as the greenhouse effect, the ozone and tourism. The tourist industry is the main source layer, and sea level changes. Nevertheless, the of jobs and foreign exchange in most CARICOM Caribbean geoscientist and other environmentalists countries, but environmental damage is likely to have the obligation to keep regional governmental, discourage tourism. As the CARICOM countries commercial and educational institutions continuously continue to develop economically, they will need informed of global as well as local environmental assistance from developed countries, and donor and situations, and to promote and encourage these lending agencies, to restore and protect their coastal institutions, and the community at large, into and marine ecosystems. developing practices on local scale, such as control of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. atmospheric emissions and afforestation, which may be beneficial in attempting to stablize or ameliorate the global situation. They should also be prepared to provide expert advice to politicians and governmental agencies. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 162 ID: 1448 temperatures of lava flows and volcanic domes, the Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. regional dispersal of eruption plumes, and the Ti: Planning to reduce the socio-economic impacts topography and structure of cloud-covered volcanoes of natural hazards on Caribbean society. in areas such as Indonesia, Central America and the So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; Aleutian Islands. These measurements will become 12(Special Issue/Rafi Ahmad):88-96, 1992. an integral component of observations made by the Ab: The Caribbean region, however defined, has a long National Aeronautics and Space Administration's history of natural disaster experience associated with Earth Observing System, due for launch in 1998, and such hazards as tropical storms, hurricanes, floods, will present new challenges in terms of data handling earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and drought. The and the political aspects of volcano-hazard impact on affected societies has consistently been monitoring. debilitating, often resulting in the retardation of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. planned development. In spite of this long history of natural hazard experience, little effort has been made ID: 1452 to adopt, design and development practices which Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. could mitigate the impact. The point is made that, Ti: Socio-economic impacts of landslides in though there are some limitations in present damage Scotland District, Barbados. assessment methods, there is little doubt about the So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12: 105, extensive economic and social impacts of natural 1992. hazards on the region's societies. In many instances, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. damage could be significantly reduced through simple adjustments in our human use systems. The need, ID: 1453 therefore, for natural hazard considerations in our Au: Wilson, Brent. development planning is forcibly emphasized. Ti: The Saddle Hill eruptive centre, Nevis, West Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Indies. So: Geology Today; 8(1):18-29, 1992. ID: 1449 Ab: The article describes a detailed geological survey of Au: Jones, Eleanor B. the Saddle Hill eruptive centre in 1989-90. Ti: Preliminary vulnerability atlas of Grenada. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12: 107, 1992. ID: 1454 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Ti: The effects of environmental degradation in the ID: 1450 and Rio Minho Watersheds, Au: Boyle, Alan E. Jamaica:am commentary. Ti: Protecting the marine environment: some So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; problems and developments in the law of the sea. 12(Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):57-65, 1992. So: Marine Policy; 16(2):79-85, 1992. Ab: The Cane River and Rio Minho watersheds are Ab: The article points out the growing recognition that currently undergoing intense environmental the major sources of marine pollution are land-based. degradation, mainly due to uncontrolled burning and International policy towards land-based pollution is deforestation. The classic, diagnostically recognizable discussed, including regional and global treaties. The effects upon land surface climatology, hydrological meaning of the 'precautionary principle' and its regime, and channel geomorphology are increasingly relevance to the existing legal regime are discussed. evident. Comparison with some watersheds of similar Finally the regulation of dumping at sea is examined. macroclimate and geomorphology in Haiti and India Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. suggest that those in Jamaica, while fairly advanced, are not yet so seriously degraded as in those ID: 1451 countries, but will soon be irreversibly modified Au: Mouginis-Mark, Peter J; Francis, Peter W. unless urgent remedial action is taken. Ti: Satellite observations of active volcanoes: Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. prospects for the 1990s. So: Episodes; 15(1):46-55, Mar. 1992. ID: 1455 Ab: Observations of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions Au: Rowley, Keith C. worldwide are being made increasingly often by the Ti: Volcanic geology of the Lesser Antilles and use of sensors that are flown upon Earth-orbiting volcanic hazards in Eastern Caribbean. spacecraft. Particularly exciting are the new So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; capabilities that enable remote measurements of the 12(Special Issue/edited by Rafi Ahmad):26-33, 1992. 163 Ab: The Lesser Antilles is widely accepted as a typical ID: 1457 calc-alkaline continental margin island arc chain. The Au: Streete, Don L. expression of volcanism is related to subjection of an Ti: Air and water pollution: interim guidelines, oceanic plate along a Benioff zone, which in this case standards and regulations under the Natural dips westward from the West Atlantic Plate. Resources Conservation Act. Although rhyolites and under saturated basalts are Pub: s.l.; s.n.; 1992. 53. present at the northern and southern ends, Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. respectively, the dominant chemical compositions are clearly of an andesitic nature. Lesser Antilles volcanism is characterised by high explosivity and ID: 1458 dome-building phases. The violent eruptions Au: Barbados National Standards Institution. constitute a major hazard-creating factor in that they Ti: Barbados National Building Code. are disposed to generating, among other phenomena, Pub: St. Michael; Barbados National Standards Institution; many types of pyroclastic flows such as basaltic- 1992. andesite (St. Vincent type), andesitic block and ash Ab: The Barbados National Building Code sets out flows (Peleean type), pumiceous ingimbrites, as well technical requirements and standards for the design as a wide variety of associated surges and lahars. The and construction of buildings in respect of issues Caribbean islands all have high population densities concerning structural sufficiency and durability, fire and in many instances throughout the volcanic chain safety, health and amenity, which are regarded as large numbers of persons inhabit the lower flanks and essential minimum provisions in the public interest. adjoining areas which fall well within the range of Standards for the manufacture, use and testing of very dangerous hazards from volcanoes. In building materials, components and systems are also recognition of the vulnerability of these communities included to support the administration of the Code it is imperative that volcanic hazard be identified in and promote the economic development of industry. order to permit adequate risk assessments. The Code takes into account the particular climatic Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and geological conditions of Barbados, especially the nature of the Caribbean environment and the region's susceptibility to hurricanes and ID: 1456 earthquakes. Au: Lawrence, M. Steve. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Water resources planning and management in Jamaica. So: JAGRIST: the Bulletin of the Jamaican Society for ID: 1459 Agricultural Sciences(JSAS); 4: 120-2, Apr. 1992 Au: Asociación Interamericana de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Co: 2nd Annual Conference of the JSAS; Mandeville, 12, Ambiental. Mar. 1991. Ti: Calidad ambiental y salud, desastres naturales. Ab: Within the last decade the search for new sources of Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; AIDIS; 1992. 445. water in Jamaica has assumed great importance. An Co: Congreso de la Asociación Interamericana de increased awareness by government of the value of Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental, 23; Ciudad de La the environment, and of the need to plan in order to Habana, 22-28, Nov. 1992. match the pace of social development and population Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. growth has led to greater emphasis on water resource planning and management. The main agencies ID: 1460 concerned with water resource management in Au: Masid Oramas, Elba; Romero González, Alberto; Jamaica are the Underground Water Authority Riera Betancourt, Celia. (UWA), the National Water Commission (NWC), Ti: Análisis de la morbilidad por enfermedades de and the National Irrigation Commission (NIC). The transmisión hídrica en periodos de afectación roles and functions of these organisations are ciclónica, Cuba 1980-1989. Calidad ambiental y discussed along with Jamaica's Water Resources salud, desastres naturales. Development Master Plan (WRDMP) Project which Pub: Ciudad de La Habana, AIDIS, 1992. commenced in 1984 with the following main Co: Congreso de la Asociación Interamericana de objectives: (a) to provide a framework for rational Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental, 23; Ciudad de La decision-making in the development of water Habana, 22-28 Nov. 1992. resources, and (b) to provide a strategy for meeting Ab: Presenta un estudio donde se compara la morbilidad the current and future demand for water. por enfermedades de transmisión hídrica durante el Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. paso de ciclones tropicales por Cuba en provincias afectadas y no afectadas durante el decenio 1980-

164 1989, con el objeto de determinar si habia incremento Ab: The monograph identifies and explains in layman's de estas enfermedades en las zonas dañadas por las terms the characteristics to be considered in the intensas lluvias. design and construction of buildings in order to Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. effectively resist both hurricanes and earthquakes, and highlights critical and cost-effective factors in ID: 1461 order to reduce the vulnerability. It is intended to Au: Maharaj, Russell J. help health and hospital administrators, as well as Ti: Coastal landslides on Radix Point, Trinidad: a construction and maintenance personnel, to geotechnical appraisal. understand design and construction requirements in Pub: Chaguaramas; Institute of Marine Affairs; Oct. 1992. order to adequately mitigate the hazards of hurricanes 64. and earthquakes threatening health care facilities. It Ab: Landslides are frequent geologic phenomena on the also provides them with a basic knowledge to steeper slopes of the island of Trinidad and are communicate sensibly, vigilantly and purposefully especially common on coastal cliffs on the east coast with the architects, engineers and contractors of the island. A geotechnical study was initiated on involved in the construction, restoration, and Radix Point (a headland) so as to examine the nature, retrofitting of their facilities. causes and mechanisms of failure on these coastal Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. cliffs. Three hundred and thirty (330) failures were mapped, 110 of which were associated with plastic and expansive mudrocks, especially shales. Two ID: 1463 hundred and eight (208) failures were in weathered Au: Parkin, Gillian Lois Nieole. soils, with 110 failures in silty and clayey soils. Ti: Effect of the bauxite/alumina industry on the Failures are between 5-10m, but can be up to 200m Rio Cobre and its tributaries. long. Soil slope failures are mainly flows, while Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1992. bedrock failures are either rock falls or slides. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies Mona Bedrock failures, although less frequent, are larger presented for the degree M.Phil. and more catastrophic and usually associated with Ab: A study of the effects of the Alcan Bauxite/Alumina cliff collapse in sandstones. More than 80 percent of Plant on the Rio Cobre and its tributaries was failures occur on southwesterly dip slopes, especially conducted during the period December 1987 to where they overdip and are cataclinical. Soil failures December 1989. This was done by investigating water are more frequent on slopes less than 30o, while and sediment samples at five sampling sites, three bedrock failures are common on slopes greater than located on the Rio Cobre and two on its tributaries. 30o. Some flows are especially common on slopes Water samples were collected monthly and analysed less than 15o. Steeper slopes of similar materials for pH, alkalinity, sodium, hardness, aluminum and usually produce sliding movements, with minor flow phosphorus. Daily samples were also taken for one components. Soil slope failures are progressive, while week beginning 16/1/89). Sediment samples were bedrock failures are retrogressive. Factors affecting collected only on three occasions (May and slope failures include removal of basal and lateral November 1988 and January 1989) and analysed for slope support, rainfall, groundwater seepage, cleft and elemental content (17 elements) and organic and pore water pressure, changes in slope gradient, carbonate contents. Sequential extraction procedures weathering, wave erosion, presence of discontinuities to determine element speciation were attempted. The on rock slopes, high soil and shale plasticity and results indicate that the two tributaries are grossly expansivity. Seepage parallel to slope lengths and the contaminated with the parameter pH, alkalinity, development of positive pore and cleft water pressure sodium and aluminum (water), high concentrations of are key contributory elements to triggering of these parameters are indicative of contamination landslides during rainfall events, while wave erosion from the bauxite industry. The tributaries are also and slope undermining accelerate landslides activity, enriched (especially site 4) in the elements La, Sm, Eu even during dry periods. and Dy. High arsenic concentrations were also Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. observed at these sites. The Rio Cobre, although showing higher concentrations downstream, did not ID: 1462 show concentrations above that typically encountered Au: Pan American Health Organisation. Regional Office in rivers. of the World Health Organisation. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Disaster mitigation guidelines for hospitals and other health care facilities in the Caribbean. Pub:Washington, D.C.; Pan American World Health Organisation; 1992. 76. 165 ID: 1464 Au: Brown, Encile Roy. ID: 1470 Ti: Factors affecting precipitation efficiency in the Au: Greenwood, R. F. Bayer Process: the effects of low molecular Ti: Hurricane resistant construction. weight organic acids on alumina trihydrate Pub: Belize City; Reporter Press; 1992. 109. precipitation in the Bayer Process. Ab: This study is to promote practical techniques of Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies (Mona); making buildings tougher and better able to 1992. 413. withstand the extreme conditions resulting from Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona) hurricanes. It is with particular reference to Belize presented for the degree Ph.D. and particularly concerns wooden buildings, although Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. certain aspects of concrete block buildings are included as well. Eighty four percent of all buildings in Belize City are built of wood, which is both ID: 1465 economical and well suited to the climate. Au: Maharaj, Russell J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Geotechnics and zonation of landslides in upper St. Andrew, Jamaica, West Indies. ID: 1471 Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1992. Au: Brady, Lamuel. Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona) Ti: Landfill site rationalisation project, Jamaica, presented for the degree M.Sc. 1991. Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. Pub: Kingston; Pan American Health Organization; 1992. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.

ID: 1466 ID: 1472 Au: Bryan, Frank L. Au: Maharaj, Russell J. Ti: Hazard analysis critical control point Ti: Landslide hazard zonation using multi-variant evaluations: a guide to identifying hazards and statistical analysis: a case study from Upper St. assessing risks associated with food preparation Andrew. and storage. Pub: sl; sn; 1992. Pub: Geneva; WHO; 1992. 72. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1473 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Natural Disaster Reduction: a Caribbean ID: 1467 IDNDR meeting. Ti: Hazard identification and evaluation in a local Pub: Kingston; Pan American Health Organization; 1992. community. Co: Natural disaster reduction: a Caribbean IDNDR So: Paris; UNEP IE/PAC; 1992. 86. Meeting; Kingston, 26-29, May, 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1468 ID: 1474 Ti: Hazardous waste management strategy. Au: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Pub: Kingston; NRCA; 1992. 112. Ti: Natural hazards in the Caribbean. Ab: The report examines NRCA’s mandate for regulating So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 12: 108, hazardous waste and its technical capability. It also 1992. looks at the legislative framework and recommends Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. strategy. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. ID: 1475 Au: Mitchell, Rutty M. Ti: The effects of Hurricane Gilbert on rural ID: 1469 communities in Jamaica: Cascade, Hanover. Au: KBN Engineering and Applied Sciences. So: In: Gordon, Derek. ed. Recovery from Hurricane Ti: Hunts Bay power station environmental Gilbert in three rural communities: preliminary assessment for mitigation plan. analyses. Kingston, University of the West Indies. Pub: Gainesville; KBN; 1992. Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1992. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. 42-54 Co: Workshop on the Impact of Hurricane Gilbert on Jamaica; Kingston, 7, Nov. 1989. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 166 ID: 1476 preliminary analyses. Kingston, University of the Au: Espeut, Peter. West Indies. Institute of Social and Economic Ti: The impact of Hurricane Gilbert on rural Research, 1992. 28-41. communities: the case of St. Thomas. Co: Workshop on the Impact of Hurricane Gilbert on So: In: Gordon, Derek. ed. Recovery from Hurricane Jamaica; Kingston, 7, Nov. 1989. Gilbert in three rural communities: preliminary Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. analyses. Kingston, University of the West Indies. Institute of Social and Economic Studies, 1992. 9-27 ID: 1479 Co: Workshop on the Impact of Hurricane Gilbert on Au: Dalling, J. W. Jamaica; Kingston, 7, Nov. 1989. Ti: Regeneration on landslides in the Blue Ab: Examines the impact of Hurricane Gilbert with Mountains, Jamaica. special reference to the case of St. Thomas. Looks at Pub: Cambridge; n.s; 1992. 261. how the people survived the hurricane, the strategies Th: Submitted to Darwin College, Cambridge presented they used to cope and how effective they were: how for the degree Ph.D. their nutritional status and their general standard of Ab: The relative importance of factors affecting the living were affected and how positive was the impact colonization and establishment of plants on of the relief efforts by Government and others on landslides was investigated primarily by transplanting these rural folk. seedlings of three native tree species Alchornea Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. latifolia, Clethra occidentalis and Vaccinium meridionale on to five "debris flow" landslides ID: 1477 triggered by a hurricane in September 1988, and into Au: Gordon, Derek. ed. five adjacent understorey areas at c. 1600m altitude in Ti: Designing and implementing a study on the the Blue Mountains, Jamaica. Seedlings were given impact of Hurricane Gilbert on rural Jamaican treatments of an application of organic fertilizer communities. and/or a protective barrier against rockfalls. So: In: Gordon, Derek. ed. Recovery from Hurricane Mortality and growth of the seedlings were recorded Gilbert in three rural Jamaican communities: five times over 15 months. Total mortality was preliminary analyses. Kingston, University of the significantly higher in the understorey, than on West Indies. Institute of Social and Economic landslides for two of the three species (p0.01), and Research , 1992. 1-8. was significantly higher in the dry season only in the Co: Workshop on the Impact of Hurricane Gilbert on understorey (p 0.05). Height growth of seedlings was Jamaica; Kingston, 7 November, 1989. greater for two of the species on landslides than in Ab: Outlines the methodology for designing and the understorey (p 0.05). Fertilizer effects on height implementing a study on the impact of Hurricane growth were not significant on landslides. In the Gilbert on rural Jamaican communities. The research understorey there was a significant negative effect of concentrates on a limited number of communities, is fertilizer on Clethra (p 0.05). There was also longitudinal in nature, i.e. visits to these communities significant negative effects of barriers on seedling were six months after the hurricane and then a year height/growth both on landslides and in the after, considerable autonomy was given to field understorey. directors in the conduct of the field work. The study Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. was designed to look at the extent of damage to household and community assets; timing and extent ID: 1480 of government and voluntary agencies' relief efforts; Au: Hazra Engineering. patterns of inter-household cooperation; long run Ti: Rio Cobre dam reconstruction project: strategies for coping used by individuals and environmental assessment. households; and changes in household welfare over a Pub:Chicago; Hazra Engineering; 1992. one year period. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1481 ID: 1478 Au: Scheu, Manfred. Au: Chambers, Claudia M. Ti: Solid waste management in Saint Lucia. Ti: The effects of Hurricane Gilbert on rural Pub: s.l; CEHI-GTZ PROJECT; 1992. communities in Jamaica:hurricane damages and Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. relief assistance: Trelawny report. So: In: Gordon, Derek. ed. Recovery from Hurricane Gilbert in three rural Jamaican communities: 167 ID: 1482 ID: 1486 Au: Norville, Peter. Au: Jackson, Donald A. Ti: Solid waste management in St. Lucia: an issues Ti: The urban and engineering geology of Montego paper and action plan. Bay, Jamaica: a preliminary report. Pub: Castries; Government of St. Lucia, 1992. Pub: Waterloo; University of Waterloo; 1992. 214. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Ab: Large scale, comprehensive engineering and urban geological studies have not in the past been ID: 1483 incorporated into most Jamaican cities and towns. Au: Niessen, Walter R. This report focuses on one such city, Montego Bay, Ti: Solid waste management practices in Jamaica, and takes a close look at its geography, geology and West Indies. soils, and at their engineering and urban implications. Pub: Kingston; IDB; 1992. 23. The geology of Montego Bay consists predominantly Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. of limestones and alluvial deposits, overlain by residual soils. The various geological and soil units are ID: 1484 discussed; their engineering properties inferred both Au: Singh, Naresh C. from previously published work and from the Ti: TCDC in environmental protection in author's field investigations. The latent seismic risk in CARICOM states. the area and its implications are discussed in detail, Pub: Castries; s.n.; 1992. and a proposed seismic zonation of the area is Ab: Reviews the region's experience as well as the current presented. The overall suitability of the area's geology plans for promoting TCDC programmes in and soils for building sites, sanitary facilities and as a environmental protection and gives profiles of source of construction material is also estimated. The institutions with potential TCDC capabilities which geology, soils, engineering geology and seismic data could be mobilised. Outlines the priority needs in the for the Montego Bay area are summarised on four region and suggests possible mechanisms and scope colour-coded maps. for future assistance. Includes 5 appendices covering Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the following topics: 1) Port of Spain Accord; 2) pollution concern of wastes generated by economic ID: 1487 sectors: 3) format of memorandum of understanding Au: Jones, Roy; Wilson-Kelly, Peter; Anderson, Marcel A. between Caribbean Environment Health Institute Ti: Wetland management in Jamaica. (CEHI) and collaborating institutions; 4) institutional So: In: Lugo, Ariel E. ed; Bayle, Bruce; red. Wetland profiles; l and 5) summary of regional environmental management in the Caribbean and the role of forestry information systems. Notes that in spite of the and wetlands in the economy: proceedings. 1992. 36- plethora of information systems, networks and 39. organisations which deal with environmental Co: 5th Meeting of Caribbean Foresters at Trinidad and information the region has no comprehensive the First Meeting of Ministers of Agriculture to environmental information system and its lack is Consider the Economic Role of Forestry; Port-of- keenly felt. Also notes that these small Caribbean Spain/Castries, 1992. island states are heavily dependent on activities which Ab: Jamaica's wetlands are a self-sustaining renewable impact on the environment such as tourism, natural resource. Their natural importance is far agriculture and fishing and within the last decade reaching and encompasses areas such as floodwater many environmental problems have been identified control, protection against coastal erosion, terrestrial e.g., deforestation, contamination of rivers and sediment trapping and marine nursery functions. streams, depletion of water supply, beach erosion, Jamaica's wetlands have, in recent times, come under depletion of marine resources etc. Predicts that if we intense scrutiny as a potential resource base. A fail to address these problems with some measure of significant level of interest was generated when urgency environmental degradation will be the exploitable resources of peat were identified in inevitable result. approximately 75 percent of the total wetlands area in Lo: UWI, Sir Authur Lewis Institute of Social and Jamaica. In addition, interest in the tourist value of Economic Studies. wetlands has been created and the ecological importance of wetlands is being revealed by ID: 1485 researchers, spawning interest in national Au: Jamaica Bauxite Institute. conservation of wetland resources, It is imperative Ti: The bauxite/alumina industry and the that Jamaica take steps to develop its natural environment. resources so as to provide the base on which Pub: Kingston ; Jamaica Bauxite Institute; 1992. 48. economic development can occur. However, such Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. development must be designed carefully, and strictly 168 controlled so that exploitation of natural resources, in Nevertheless, problems in handling, storage and this case wetlands, does not exceed the resource's application of pesticides clearly exist. Understanding capability to renew itself. problems at the local level requires analysis of how Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. agrochemical use interacts with a wide range of human and environmental variables. ID: 1488 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Salazar Vindas, Sandra. Ti: Partners in action. ID: 1495. So: Stop Disasters; 5 :6 , Jan.-Feb 1992. Ti: UN General Assembly Resolution 46/149. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Stop Disasters; 6: 4-5, Mar.-Apr. 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1489 Au: Association Francaise du Genie Prassismique, France. Ti: Activities of the French Delegation aux Risques ID: 1496 Majeurs (DRM). Au: Pan American Health Organization. So: Stop Disasters; 6 :10, Mar.-Apr. 1992. Ti: Caribbean IDNDR committees to meet. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Disasters; (50):4, Apr. 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. ID: 1490 Au: Clement, David B. Ti: An analysis of disaster: life after Gilbert. ID: 1497 So: Caribbean Geography; 3(3):210-1, March 1992. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: International humanitarian assistance. So: Disasters; (50):1, 7, Apr. 1992. ID: 1491 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Kassaye, Elizabeth. Ti: An integrated approach towards natural disaster ID: 1498 reduction. Au: Smith, David . So: Stop Disasters; 6 : 6, Mar.-Apr. 1992. Ti: Barbados coastal conservation project. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: CCOSNET News; 1(2):8-10, May 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1492 Au: Sigurdsson, Heraldur; Carey, Steven. ID: 1499 Ti: Caribbean volcanoes: a field guide - Martinique, Au: Jamaican Geographical Society. Dominica and St. Vincent. Ti: Coastal geomorphology field trip. So: Caribbean Geography; 3(3):211-2, Mar. 1992. So: Jamaican Geographer; (6):1-2, May 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1500 ID: 1493 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Au: Bender, Stephen O. Ti: Disaster mitigation in hospital facilities in Latin Ti: Disaster management and integrated America and the Caribbean. development: selected topics from recent So: Stop Disasters; 7: 8-9, May-Jun. 1992. experiences. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Stop Disasters; 6: 8-9, Mar.-Apr. 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1501 Au: Bruce, J. P. ID: 1494 Ti: IDNDR/STC held its third session. Au: Grossman, Lawerence S. So: Stop Disasters; 7: 6-7, May-Jun. 1992. Ti: Pesticides, people and the environment in St. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Vincent. So: Caribbbean Geography; 3(3):175-86, Mar.1992. ID: 1502 Ab: Pesticide use has grown dramatically in St. Vincent Au: Bender, Stephen O. since the 1950s. Farmers use most pesticides on Ti: Strategies to effectively integrate natural disaster bananas for export, but they are also applying them management into development planning. increasingly on other crops. Problems associated with So: Stop Disasters; 7 :4-5, May-Jun. 1992. the misuse of pesticides in St. Vincent are less severe Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. than those reported in other Third World Countries. 169 ID: 1503 ID: 1508 Au: Tilling, Robert I. Au: Wilthe, Danold. Ti: Which role for WOVO during the International Ti: Drought planning breaking the hydro-illogical Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction?. cycle. So: Stop Disasters; 7 :10-1, May-Jun. 1992. So: Stop Disasters; 9: 5-6, Sept.-Oct. 1992. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1504 ID: 1509 Ti: Disaster preparedness supplement: 'better be Au: McDanold, M. A; Healey, J. R; Davi Persad, P. V. safe than sorry'. Ti: The effect of forest clearance on soil So: Weekend Voice; Supplement, 6 Jun. 1992. conservation: preliminary findings from the Lo: St Lucia., Hunter J. Francios Library. Yallahs Valley, Jamaican Blue Mountains. So: Caribbean Geography; 3(4):253-60, Sept. 1992. ID: 1505 Co: Environment and development in small island states; Au: Duncan, Linda Francis. Kingston, Aug.1992. Ti: Report to Canadian International Development Ab: Contemporary land-use issues in the Blue Mountains Agency (CIDA) on Natural Resources of Jamaica are those preventing deforestation, buffer- Conservation Authority of Jamaica hazardous zone management in the area of the new National waste management strategy. Park and ensuring sustainable alternatives in the areas Pub: s.l; Jacques Whitford Environment Limited; 1992. originally cleared of the natural forest. These are 150. amongst the objectives of a study in the catchment Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and protection role of Blue Mountains forest being Emergency Management. carried out by scientists from the University of Wales, Bangor, the University of the West Indies, the ID: 1506 University of Cambridge and Institute of Terrestrial Au: Miller, Learie A. Ecology, Bangor Research Unit. The principal Ti: A Preliminary assessment of the economic cost objective of the study is to investigate the of land degradation: Hermitage catchment, consequences of forest clearance on soil Jamaica. conservation, in the context of soil fertility as well as So: Caribbean Geography; 3(4):244-52, Sept. 1992. soil erosion. The use of potential agroforestry system- Co: Environment and development in small island states; hedgerow intercropping - for soil conservation is also Kingston, Aug.1992. being investigated. The rationale for the study is Ab: As the world becomes more focussed on presented as well as preliminary findings from the environmental issues, an emerging difficulty has been study. the inability of countries to effectively quantify in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. monetary terms the real cost of resource depletion. An attempt is made to calculate via remedial ID: 1510 measures, the cost of degradation in the Hermitage Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Catchment Area. The reservoir known as the Ti: Monthly weather summary (January to Hermitage Dam, is a major source of water supply to December 1992). the Kingston Metropolitan Area. The assessment of So: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; Jan.- cost related to reforestation and dredging of the Dec. 1992. 27. reservoir formed the basis of the evaluation. Similar Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. approaches in the future may help to quantify in monetary terms the cost of resource depletion. ID: 1511 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Mootoo, Danold A; Suite, Winston H. E. Ti: An investigation into the engineering properties ID: 1507 of procellanite aggregate from southwestern Au: Osservatorio Vesuviano. Trinidad. Ti: Caribbean IDNDR meeting - Kingston, Jamaica. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 29 50-9, 26-29 May, 1992. 1993. So: Stop Disasters; 9 :14, Sept.-Oct. 1992. Ab: The deposit of porcellanite outcrops mainly in the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. southwestern corner of the island of Trinidad. Formed by the sintering of silts and clays, the Plio- Pliestocene deposit is potentially the largest source of construction aggregate in this part of the island. This

170 paper looks at the physical, chemical and engineering widespread human activities. Over 20 years of properties of this borderline lightweight aggregate regional conventions, international guidelines and and compares these with the properties of the control efforts have not resolved the problem. This traditional blue limestone (North Range) and was taken up as a major issue in UNCED, which quartzitic (Guanapo) aggregates currently used in the emphasised a national and regional approach closely construction industry. The paper also addresses the associated with integrated coastal area suitability of the porcellanite aggregate for use in management. A follow-up intergovernmental meeting Portland cement concrete for housing. On the basis is planned for 1995, but other measures will also be of engineering properties, test carried out and a needed at all levels. Integrated coastal area review of existing literature, it was found that the management is the key to a successful approach to strength, toughness and abrasion resistance of the this difficult problem, especially since available procellanite aggregate compare favourably with the financial assistance is inadequate. The small island blue limestone and Guanapo aggregates. developing States are a special case featured in Although chemical analysis done on the porcellanite Agenda 21 which are also the topic of a follow-up aggregate reveal sulphate contents (expressed as SO3) conference. The islands may be able to ranging between 0.05 and 4.5 per cent, the demonstrate approaches to small-scale integrated pozzolonic properties of the porcellanite dust negate management and sustainable development that could the adverse effects of this high sulphate content. serve as a model for larger countries. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1512 ID: 1514 Au: Noji, Eric K. Au: Carrillo Urrutia, Raúl; Alvarez Vicente, Piedad.Au: Ti: Analysis of medical needs during disasters Instituto Superior Politécnico "Jos‚ Antonio caused by tropical cyclones: anticipated injury Echevarría". patterns. Ti: Lluvias del ciclón Frederick en el Complejo So: Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 961-7, Agroindustrial (CAI) "Héctor Molina" al sur de 1993. La Habana. Ab: This paper is a summary of the data for describing the So: Ingeniería Hidráulica; 14(3):23-34, 1993. distribution of injuries among people affected by Ab: Estudia el aspecto hidrológico de las lluvias tropical cyclones that have occurred during the past producidas por el ciclón tropical "Frederic" de 20 years. The most striking feature of the data septiembre de 1979, en la superficie cañera del gathered from a review of the epidemiological complejo agroindustrial "Héctor Molina" al sur de La literature on tropical cyclones is its lack of uniformity. Habana, donde en poco más de 36h se acumuló una The absence of an international classification and l mina de precipitación de 365 mm, producto del coding scheme for recording injuries sustained in variables y fuertes chubascos, con una intensidad cyclones also makes planning medical assistance media de 9,3 mm h (-1), cuando las lecturas se difficult following future cyclones and hurricanes. We realizan a intervalos de dos horas en la red propose here a simple injury classification scheme pluviométrica especial de dicha empresa cañera; la comprising three components for categorizing injury altura de precipitación acumulada Y,. contra el data. Such a standardised disaster injury classification aumento del tiempo X, se ajusta por la regresión scheme, coupled with other types of information cúbica Y=38,487 - 0,349 3x -0.700 998 xý-0,01217 x about injuries, will greatly aid relief officials in (3) con un coeficiente de correlación r, igual a 0,996 efficiently matching available resources to needs, in casi perfecto. Se cuantifican aproximadamente las effectively managing health relief operations, and in pérdidas en caña verde y/o toneladas métricas de developing strategies to prevent future cyclone- azúcar bvase 96ø dejadas de producir, las cuales related morbidity and mortality. ascendieron a un monto total de más de dos millones Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. de pesos en la economía agrícola. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. ID: 1513 Au: Dahl, Arthur Lyon. ID: 1515 Ti: Land-based pollution and integrated coastal Au: Corbin, C. J; Singh, J. G. management. Ti: Marine debris contamination of beaches in St. So: Marine Policy; 17(6):561-72, Nov. 1993. Lucia and Dominica. Ab: Land-based sources of marine pollution and other So: Marine Pollution Bulletin; 26(6):325-8, Jun. 1993. 3 activities degrading the marine environment are Ab: There is greater focus on the increasing amounts of among the most intractable environmental problems man-made debris and the associated problems that of today because they involve so many essential and 171 this brings. Pilot surveys of beaches in islands of the north coasts range from 10-100 g m-1 while west Eastern Caribbean show substantial levels of beach coasts had levels of 0.1.0 g m-1. debris, but no long-term assessment has been Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. conducted. A survey of two islands in the Caribbean region was conducted between 1991-1992. Mean ID: 1518 debris levels by number and weight ranged from 4.5 Au: Maharaj, Russell J. to 11.2 items m-1 and 8.2 to 109.2 g m-1 of beach Ti: Vegetation and slope stability: examples from front in St. Lucia and 1.9-6.2 items m-1 and 51.5- Upper St. Andrew, Jamaica. 153.7 g m-1 in Dominica. Plastic was commonest in So: Caribbean Geography; 4(1):15-27, Mar. 1993. St. Lucia, 51.3 percent by number and 38.6 percent Ab: In Upper St. Andrew, slope failures on vegetated by weight, while driftwood was most common in slopes are very common geomorphic events, Dominica, 35.9 percent by number and 59.3 percent especially during and following torrential rainfall. by weight. Field observations of failures revealed that grasses, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. bamboo, shrubs, and tree species contribute to the cohesion of surficial soil layers. However, this effect can create mechanical anisotropy between surface- ID: 1516 bound and underlying soil layers. Consequently, a Au: Thomas-Hope, Elizabeth. shear plane can develop at this interface, attenuating Ti: Population mobility and land assets in hill slope failure conditions and, ultimately leading to farming areas of Jamaica. failure of the surface soil layers. Translational debris So: Caribbean Geography; 4(1):48-63, Mar. 1993. block slides are the main result of these conditions on Ab: The impact of migration on agriculture in the hillslopes in Upper St. Andrew. These conditions Caribbean can only be fully assessed after the overall also suggest that vegetation can contribute to slope cycle of individual or household migration has instability, thereby decreasing the long term stability occurred. The impact varies with the destination and of hillslopes. purpose of the migration, as well as the duration and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. periodicity of the moves. In addition, the characteristics of the communities, the priorities ID: 1519 which they place upon agriculture and the value of Au: KBN Engineering and Applied Sciences. agricultural assets within the wider socio-economic Ti: Ambient air quality management for Jamaica. context plays a fundamental role in conditioning the Pub: Gainesville; KBN Engineering; 1993. part that migration plays at the micro-level of the Ab: Recommends AAQS and emission standards that household. This paper examines the impact of meet the intent of the Jamaican Legislation. international migration upon the acquisition of land Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. assets in Jamaica and evaluates the variation which takes place for migrations of different types and to destinations. ID: 1520 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: IOC/FAO/UNESCO. Ti: Anthropogenic influences on sediment discharge to the coastal zone and environmental ID: 1517 consequences. Au: Corbin, C. J; Singh, J. G; Ibielele, Dagogo D. Pub: Paris; GESAMP; 1993. 67. Ti: Tar ball survey of six Eastern Caribbean Ab: The report addresses the links between activities in Countries. watersheds and effects in the coastal zone. The report So: Marine Pollution Bulletin; 26(9):482-6, Sept. 1993. also attempts to identify characteristics of watersheds Ab: Tar ball monitoring in the Wider Caribbean has been and coastal areas that place them at greatest risk vis a ongoing since 1979, but few studies have been vis man's activities that affect sediment mobilization conducted in the smaller countries of the Eastern and transport. Caribbean. This survey generated data on beach Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons as tar balls for

six countries. Four hundred and twelve samples were ID: 1521 collected from St. Lucia, Dominica, Tortola-British Au: Gray, Calvin R. Virgin Islands, Grenada, St. Kitts and Montserrat Ti: Regional meteorology and hurricanes. between 1987 and 1991 and analysed according to So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Climatic change in the Intra- IOCARIBE recommended methods. Results show Americas Sea: implications of future climate on the significantly higher concentrations (P0.05) and more ecosystem and socio-economic structure in the frequent occurrences of tar balls on the east and marine and coastal regions of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf north than the west coasts. Tar levels for east and

172 of Mexico, Bahamas and the northeast coast of South especially by strengthening the Global Sea Level America. London, Edward Arnold , 1993. 87-99. Observing System; territorial studies to define the Ab: The meteorological database for the region, especially local extent of risk from sea-level change and cost- the Caribbean Sea, is disorganised and incomplete. benefit analysis of response options identified; Based on what data are available, there are weak development of vulnerability indices for sea level and indications that while rainfall is decreasing, hurricane-related coastal impacts; environmental- temperature, wind speed and evaporation is impact assessment on coastal development, increasing. Rises in sea-surface temperatures may incorporating climate change considerations and increase the overall frequency as well as strength of institutional strengthening in relation to tropical storms and hurricanes in the area. decision-making on coastal land-loss issues. These Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. improvements are necessary to combat existing

problems whether or not a greenhouse-related pulse of increased sea-level rise is superimposed on present ID: 1522 trends. Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Sea-level movements and shoreline changes. So: In: Maul, George A. climatic change in the intro- Americas Sea: implications of future climate on the ID: 1523 ecosystem and socio-economic structure in the Au: Maul, George A. ed. marine and coastal regions of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf Ti: A. climatic change in the intro-Americas Sea: of Mexico, Bahamas and the northeast coast of South implications of future climate on the ecosystem America. London, Edward Arnold, 1993. 115-161. and socio-economic structure in the marine and Ab: Relative change in sea level has provided underlying coastal regions of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of control on a general picture of shoreline retreat Mexico, Bahamas and the northeast coast of during the Holocene epoch within the Intra-Americas South America. Sea. Retreat has been caused by landward migration Pub: London, Edward Arnold, 1993. of coastal lowlands, including wetlands, in response Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. to rising water levels assisted by sediment transfer

through physical processes. Land loss has persisted ID: 1524 despite a decrease in the rate of sea-level rise over the Ti: Complex emergencies and natural disasters in last 5000 years, though locally at river mouths and in 1992: an overview. sheltered wetland locations recent progradation has Pub: Geneva; UN. Department of Humanitarian Affairs; occurred. Inadequate beach-sand management 1993. 60. practices, coastal construction and hurricanes have Lo: UWI, Mona, Sir Authur Lewis Institute of Social and contributed significantly to recent coastal changes. Economic Studies. Regionally relative sea level is rising at an average of 3

mm/yr, but considerable variability is evident. Locally this may not be due to vertical tectonic ID: 1525 motion because extrapolated rates of land movement, Au: Maul, George A. ed. while subject to error in interpretation, are often an Ti: Ecosystem and socioeconomic response to order of magnitude of lower than historical rates of future climatic conditions in the marine and sea-level rise. The cause(s) of variation in sea-level coastal regions of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of records across the region remains to be identified. Mexico, Bahamas and the Northeast Coast of All countries of this region stand to suffer the South America. consequences of future sea level rise impacts. Pub:Kingston; UNEP/CEP; 1993. 43. Especially at risk are low-lying island chains - Ab: Global climate change, and particularly the impact of including the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos and human activities on Earth's biogeographical Caymans - and continental areas with coastal plains environment, is of enormous socioeconomic and supporting dense populations near to or below ecological importance. It is the regional effects of present sea level, primarily the Guianas, Central global change, however, that weighs most heavily on America (Belize) and the heavily developed barrier individual lives because of the complexity of local islands of the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. Tourism response to a world-wide phenomenon. This report based economies of the Antillean islands may be summarizes the opinion of a Task Team of 23 badly affected by loss of remaining pocket beaches experts concerning the implications of climate change already narrow and sediment-starved shelves. in the Intra-Americas Sea (Gulf of Mexico - Potential problems can be addressed through greater Caribbean Sea - Bahamas - Bermuda - Guianas), of a understanding of regional sea-level variability, global l.5oC temperature and 20 cm sea level rise by

173 the year 2025. For some ecosystems in the region, the ID: 1528 effect of temperature rise is much more important Au: Lockheed Martin. than sea level rise, and vice versa for others; for some Ti: Jamaican coastal surveillance system 9 April neither are particularly vulnerable to a modest 1997. temperature rise. Estuaries, wetlands, lagoons and So: [s.l.]; Lockheed Martin Proprietary Information; 1993. seagrass beds will all be moderately affected by both 20. the 1.5oC and 20 cm scenarios. The two other very Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. important ecosystems, mangroves and coral reefs, are expected to experience extreme stress due to local ID: 1529 anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, coastal Au: SENTAR. development, runoff, overfishing, and tourism. Seven Ti: Kingston Harbour Environmental Project. socioeconomic issues were also studied in the context Pub: Kingston; SENTAR; 1993. of local response to global change; tourism and the Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. influence of tropical storms are considered most important vis a vis levels of vulnerability. As with the ID: 1530 ecosystems, some other socioeconomic issues are Au: Katz, M. E; Miller, K. G. more affected by sea level rise (e.g. settlements and Ti: Miocene-Pliocene bathyal benthic foraminifera structures, and cultural heritage) than temperature and the uplift of Buff Bay, Jamaica. rise (which mostly affects coastal zones, public So: The Geological Society of America; 1993. 219-54 health, and human migration). In addition to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. evaluating the effects of 1.5oC and 20 cm global rises, the Task Team discussed the potential local rates of ID: 1531 temperature and sea level rise and found that for the Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Intra-Americas Sea, less climatic change is expected Ti: Monthly weather summary (January to than for other areas of Earth, but that human December 1993 Part B). population pressure will significantly stress the So: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1993. region's environment. Finally, the authors report on 23. new computer-based decision-making tools for Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. evaluating the effects of climatic change, tools that will give decision makers quantitative information ID: 1532 upon which to base new policies for management. Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Monthly weather summary (January to December 1993 Part A). ID: 1526 Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1993. Au: Caribbean Environment Programme. 26 Ti: Evaluation of Projects and activities Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. implemented within the framework of the Caribbean Environment Programme. ID: 1533 Pub: Kingston; Caribbean Environment Programme; 1993. Au: Canadian Marine Waste Management Collaborative. 54. Ti: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. (OECS) waste management project: environmental assessment summary. So: Castries; OECS; 1993. ID: 1527 Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. Au: Chambers, Nina. Ti: Exploratory strategic planning for the management of a Buffer Zone and conservation ID: 1534 corridor between the proposed Port Antonio Au: Cantero Corrales, L. E. Marine Park and the Blue Mountain/John Crow Ti: Pronóstico de avenidas pluviales en el embalse Mountain National Park, Jamaica. Zaza. Pub: Idaho; University of Idaho; 1993. 40. Pub:Sancti Spíritus; Dirección Provincial de Recursos Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Hidráulicos; 1993. 8. Co: Forum Nacional de Ciencia y Técnica, 8; Sancti Spíritus, 1993. Ab: Se presenta la obtención de ecuaciones y gráficos de fácil manejo, pero que permitan con una seguridad determinada emitir un pronóstico hidrológico de las avenidas en el embalse Zaza en dependencia no solo 174 de las precipitaciones en el rea de estudio, anteriores ID: 1541 al momento de emitir el pronóstico, sino también de Au: Maharaj, Russell J. los volúmenes de agua acumulados en la cuenca Ti: Bio-engineering control of landslides. hidrográfica del embalse. So: Jamaican Geographer; (7):7, Mar. 1993. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1542 ID: 1535 Au: U.S. Peace Corps. Au: Fernandez, Basil. Ti: Jamaica memorandum of understanding Ti: Solid waste management. between the United States Peace Corps and the So: Kingston; Underground Water Authority; 1993. 28. Office of Disaster Preparedness 16 April, 1993. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Pub: Kingston; s.n; Apr. 1993. 14. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 1536 Emergency Management. Au: Gibbs, A. K; Barron, C. N. Ti: The geology of the Guiana Shield. ID: 1543 So: Oxford University Press; 1993. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Barbados: disaster emergency medicine training course. So: Disasters; (54):4, Apr. 1993. ID: 1537 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: McDonald, Franklin. Ti: Waste disposal in Jamaica. ID: 1544 So: In: Centre for Sustainable Development. U.W.I. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Urban Waste Management. Kingston, University of Ti: Cuba hit by storm. the West Indies. Centre for Sustainable So: Disasters; (54):5, Apr. 1993. Development, 1993. 16-20. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: Urban Waste Management Consultation/Seminar; Kingston, Mar. 3-4, 1993. ID: 1545 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Three years of distributing information: the work of the disaster documentation center. ID: 1538 So: Disasters; (54):S1-S4 (supplement), Apr. 1993. Ti: Workshop on establishment of effluent Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. guidelines & standards in CARICOM/CEHI member states. Pub: Castries; CEHI; 1993. 50. ID: 1546 Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Trinidad & Tobago hands on experience for Suma Trainees. ID: 1539 So: Disasters; (54):4, Apr. 1993. Au: CCOSNET. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Sea level and climate monitoring network within CARICOM. ID: 1547 So: CCOSNET News; 2(2):2, May 1993. Au: Maharaj, Russell J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Prepared for the IOC/UNEP Workshop/ Course on "Measuring and Monitioring of Shoreline Changes in the Caribbean Region. ID: 1540 Pub:sn; Jul. 1993. Au: Maharaj, Russell J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

Ti: Landslide processes and landslide susceptibility ID: 1548 analysis from an upland watershed: a case study Au: Neufville, Larry. from St. Andrew, Jamaica, West Indies. Ti: Rehabilitation of mined-out bauxite lands. So: Engineering Geology; 3453-79, Feb. 1993. So: Jamaican Geographer; (9):6-7, Nov. 1993. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

175 ID: 1549 ID: 1552 Ti: Averages and extremes of meteorological Au: Chen, A. A. elements. Ti: Characterisation of April-May rainfall. Pub:St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute. So: Jamaica Journal of Science and Technology; 5:1-11, Climatological Section; 1993. 32. Dec. 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Statistics and periodicities in the April-May-June rainfall were investigated. The rainfall was more ID: 1550 intensive in May than in April and June. April rainfall Au: Jamaica. Ministry of Construction. had longer periodicities than June, with May falling in Ti: Road safety project: final report phase 1. between. Some of the April periodicities can be So: Kingston; SweRoad; Dec. 1993. 152. correlated to the solar activity during the westerly Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 15 Emergency Management. mb. A partial explanation is offered in terms of the coincidence of cold fronts and increased solar ID: 1551 radiation. The possible association of one of the May Au: Milham, N. periodicities with the occurrence of El Nino was Ti: An analysis of farmers' incentives to conserve or investigated and an association between heavy rainfall degrade the land. (over 300 mm) in May and the occurrence of El Nino So: Journal of Environmental Management; 40(1):51-64, was found. Other periodicities are discussed. The Jan. 1994. April showers of 1993 are explained in terms of Ab: In this paper it is argued that an increased abnormally cold weather in North America and the understanding of the linkages between farmers' May rainfall of 1993 is associated with a mature phase economic incentives to control soil degradation, of the El Nino. degradation-induced productivity decline and future Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. farmland productivity is essential for the formulation of effective land degradation and soil management ID: 1553 policies. As a basis for the argument, a Au: Johnston, Colin F; Fielding, William J; Been, B. comprehensive farm-level economic model for the Ti: Hurricane damage to different coconut varieties. optimum private and social utilization of soil over So: Tropical Agriculture; 71(3):239-42, Jul.1994. time is developed. Complexities in the decision due Ab: Coconut var. Malayan Dwarf has been reported to be to environmental conditions and other uncertainties susceptible to wind damage. The damage to selfed are considered. It is shown that, if farmers are well and outcrossed Malayan Dwarf, grown in field informed, they will tolerate soil degradation only to experiments at different sites in Jamaica, which the point where the marginal net returns from resulted from the passage of Hurricane Gilbert in depleting soil depth, fertility or structure equal the 1988, was assessed quantitatively. Selfed Malayan marginal profits foregone from conserving these Dwarf suffered higher mortality than the outcrosses productive aspects of the soil. Efficiency-related tested. technical progress is found to provide incentives for Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. reduced rates of soil degradation. It is also found that the optimum private rate of soil degradation is not ID: 1554 likely to mimic the socially optimal rate unless capital Au: Boose, Emery R; Foster, David R; Fluet, Marcheterre. markets and farm input and output markets operate Ti: Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate efficiently and competitively. The potential for forest landscapes. monetary and fiscal policy to impact on private rates So: Ecological Monographs; 64(1):369-400, Nov. 1994. of soil utilization is highlighted as a topic for further Ab: Hurricanes represent an important natural disturbance detailed investigation. Finally, it is argued that process to tropical and temperate forests in many external costs and benefits from farming activity, coastal areas of the world. The complex patterns of which have not as yet been comprehensively damage created in forests by hurricane winds result quantified, may be the single most important cause of from the interaction of meteorological, physiographic any differential between the optimum private and and biotic factors on a range of spatial scales. To social rates of soil degradation. improve our understanding of these factors and of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the role of catastrophic hurricane wind a disturbance process, we take an integrative approach. A simple meteorological model (HURRECON) utilizes meteorological data to reconstruct wind conditions at specific sites and regional gradients in wind speed and direction during a hurricane. A simple topographic 176 exposure model (EXPOS) utilizes wind direction ID: 1556 predicted by HURRRECON and a digital elevation Au: Landsea, Christopher W; Gray, William M; Mielke, may estimate landscape-level exposure to the Paul W. strongest winds. Actual damage to forest stands is Ti: Seasonal forecasting of assessed through analysis of remotely sensed, activity. historical and field data These techniques were used So: Weather; 49(8):273-84, Aug. 1994. to evaluate the characteristics and impacts of two Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. important hurricanes; Hurricane Hugo (1989) in Puerto Rico and the 1938 New England Hurricane, ID: 1557 storms of comparable magnitude in regions that Au: Bellingham, P. J; Tanner, E. V. J; Healey, J. R. differ greatly in climate, vegetation, physiograpahy, Ti: Sprouting of trees in Jamaican montane forests and disturbance regimes. In both cases patterns of after a hurricane. damage on a regional scale were found to agree with So: Journal of Ecology; 82(4):747-58, 1994. the predicted distribution of peak wind gust Ab: Forests in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica were velocities. On a landscape scale there was also good damaged by Hurricane Gilbert which passed over the agreement between patterns of forest damage and island on 12 September, 1988. In plots between 1300- predicted exposure in the Luquillo Experimental 1900 m, recorded 5-41 months after the hurricane, Forest in Puerto Rico and the town of Petersham, most stems (61.4// of 4949 living stems) and most Massachusetts. At the Harvard and Pisgah Forests in species (44 of 47 common species) had sprouts. Central New England the average orientation of Comparing species, percent of stems sprouting wind-thrown trees was very close to the predicted ranged from 0 to 100 percent. Broken stems sprouted peak wind direction, while at Luquillo there was also proportionately more than intact stems; completely good agreement, with some apparent modification of defoliated stems sprouted proportionately more than wind direction by the mountainous terrain. At those not completely defoliated; there was no Harvard Forest there was evidence that trees more difference between uprooted and upright stems; and susceptible to windthrow were felled earlier in the stems 10 cm d.b.h. sprouted more frequently and storm. This approach may be used to study the produced more sprouts per stem, than those 10 cm effects of topography on wind direction and the d.b.h. Sixteen of 27 species had sprouts before the relation of forest damage to wind speed and duration; hurricane and these sprouts grew more rapidly in to establish broad-scale gradients of hurricane height after the hurricane. Of the species with d30 frequency, intensity, and wind direction for particular sprouting stems, four sprouted more from below 2.5 regions; and to determine landscape-level exposure to m, five more from above 2.5 m and five had sprouts long-term hurricane disturbance at particular sites. evenly distributed. For all species combined, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. approximately equal numbers of stems fell into each of these three categories. Survivorship up to 41 ID: 1555 months after the hurricane was higher in stems with Au: Zimmerman, Jess K; Everham, Edwin M; Waide, sprouts than those without. There was no simple Robert B; Lodge, D. Jean; Taylor, Charlotte M; relationship between the frequency of sprouting of Brokaw, Nicholas V. L. species and microenvironments where seed Ti: Responses of tree species to hurricane winds in germination and seedling establishments have been subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: recorded. However, eight common species which implications for tropical tree life histories. have rarely been observed to germinate or establish So: Journal of Ecology; 82(4):911-22, 1994. (in a wide range of conditions) had high frequencies Ab: The study revealed significant differences among tree of sprouting. We propose that sprouting is an species in the degree and type of damage suffered important mechanism by which many species during a hurricane and in the ability to recover from maintain their presence in these forests. damage and resume a position in the forest canopy. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Nonpioneers dominate early in recovery because of the ability to survive a storm and sprout new ID: 1558 branches following the storm, while the immediate Au: Besson, Pascale; Poirier, Jean-Paul. impact of a hurricane on the abundance of pioneer Ti: The 3100 BP eruption of the Soufriere of species is strongly negative. Guadeloupe: a transmission electron microscopy Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. study of the cryptodome and site. So: Bulletin of Volcanology; 56(3):184-92, August 1994. Ab: Fragments of unaltered andesite found at all levels in the deposits of the catastrophic flank-failure, directed-blast eruption of the Soufriere of 177 Guadeloupe in 3100 BP are thought to be remnants ID: 1561 of the cryptodome. They were observed in analytical Au: Pan American Health Organization. transmission electron microscopy for clues to the Ti: Disaster preparedness takes center stage. evolution of the intrusion prior to the eruption. So: In: Pan American Health Organization. A world safe Several features that could potentially be used as from natural disasters. Pan American Health temperature markers were identified, among Organization, 1994. 51-71. which the angle between microexsolutions of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. magnetite in augite phenocrysts was used to find an upper boundary of the temperature of the intrusion ID: 1562 before the eruption: 600-70o C. Calculation of Au: Pan American Health Organization. the time a dyke or sphere-shaped intrusion may have Ti: Looking ahead the future. taken to cool from the emplacement temperature So: In: Pan American Health Organization. A world safe down to the temperature of exsolution of the from natural disasters. 1994. 94-106 magnetite leads to an estimate of the time Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. between emplacement of the intrusion and the eruption, which could not have been less than a few ID: 1563 tens of years. It therefore seems probable that the Au: Pan American Health Organization. emplacement of the magmatic intrusion was Ti: No shortcuts to disaster reduction. not the immediate cause of the flank destabilization So: In: Pan American Health Organization. A world Safe and catastrophic eruption of the Soufriere in 3100 from Natural Disasters. 1994. 1-4. BP. Ab: Few People will question the wisdom of protecting Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. lives and economic investments from the impact of natural hazards. But the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have learned that there are no ID: 1559 shortcuts to disaster reduction the road is long and Au: Dalling, J. W. winding, but it is worth the challenge. Ti: Vegetation colonization of landslides in the Blue Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Mountains, Jamaica. So: Biotropica; 26(4):392-9, Dec. 1994. ID: 1564 Ab: The floristics and nutrient relations of the vegetation Au: Pan American Health Organization. on landslides 15 yr old and 50 yr old were studied in Ti: One step ahead of disasters: mitigation and a montane rain forest. A total of 33 species were prevention. recorded on the 15 yr-old sites and d50 species on So: In:Pan American Health Organization. A world safe the 50-yr-old sites. The dominant woody from natural disasters, 72-93. species on all sites was Clethra occidentalis: fast- Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. growing pioneer species characteristic of the forest edge were generally absent. Vegetation development ID: 1565 on these sites was slow. On the 15-yr-old sites almost Au: Pan American Health Organization. all individual were 1 m in stem length, and on older Ti: The wake-up call: from improvisation to landslides all individuals were 5 m in stem length. response planning. For 15-yr-old sites, harvested aboveground biomass So: In:Pan American Health Organization. A world safe ranged between 350 and 820 g/m2, 79 percent of from natural disasters, 1994. 41-9. which was accounted for by a nitrogen-fixing lichen. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. On the oldest landslides, biomass ranged between 970 and 4690 g/m2 and was accounted for ID: 1566 primarily by woody plants. Foliar concentrations of Au: Pan American Health Organization. N, P, K, and Ca all increased (P0.01, data for all Ti: What puts Latin America and the Caribbean at species combined) from the 15-yr-old to the older risk?. sites. So: In:Pan American Health Organization. A world safe Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. from natural disasters, 1994. 21-39.

Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1560 Au: Pan American Health Organization. ID: 1567 Ti: A world safe from natural disasters. Au: Wright, Matthew G. So: In: Pan American Health Organization. A world safe Ti: An economic analysis of coral reef protection in from natural disasters, 1994. 112 . Negril, Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Williamstown, MA; Williams College; 1994. 62. 178 Ab: Document treats the preservation of the Negril Coral This map is well-suited to the needs of regional land- reef from an economic perspective by determining use planners. In order to test the reliability of our economic benefits to be gained from the hazard zonation, we monitored the incidence of implementation of projects aimed at protecting the landslides in the Rio Minho watershed during the reefs. years 1991-1993, especially those generated by the Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. storm event of May 1991; this was the most significant event as far as slope failures were ID: 1568 concerned. It was observed that, during the 1991 Au: Iremonger, Wright; Susan, Robb; Muchoney, Douglas event, the landslides were widespread within the areas M. mapped as zones of moderate to high susceptibility. Ti: Blue and National Park, The occurrences of landslide landforms in the study Jamaica. area are profoundly influenced by geology and Pub: Arlington; The Nature Conservancy; 1994. 90. structure. An average 24 hour rainfall in excess of Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. 300mm was established as an estimated threshold value sufficient to initiate widespread landslide ID: 1569 activity. Au: Brown, Headly. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Economics of disasters with special reference to the Jamaican experience. ID: 1572 Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies. Center for Au: McCain, Trevor W; Manning, Paul A. S; Ahmad, Rafi. Environment and Development (UWICED); 1994. Ti: A revised geological map of the Above Rocks 20. Inlier, Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. Geological and biological evolution of the Caribbean region: a 60th birthday ID: 1570 celebration in honour of Professor Edward Au: Pérez Hernandez, Ada Luisa. Robinson: tributes, programme & abstracts. Ti: Evaluación del riesgo por inundaciones costeras Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), en Cuba. 1994. Pub: s.l; UNDP; 1994. 20. Ab: Detailed geological and structural mapping in the Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Above Rocks Inlier during 1988-1990 has yielded new data which permit significant revision of the ID: 1571 existing Jamaican 1:50,000 geological sheets #22 and Au: Earle, Aedan H; Ahmad, Rafi. #25. Our revised map of the inlier has been compiled Ti: Landslide hazard zonation in the Rio Minho at a scale of 1:12,500. The stratigraphic nomenclature Watershed, Central Jamaica, for regional land- of sheets #22 and #25 has been retained, while use planning. outcrop boundaries have been modified and So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed. Geological and lithological data added. Among the primary biological evolution of the Caribbean Region: a 60th modifications are the recognition of lithological birthday celebration in honour of Professor Edward variations within formations; the structural database Robinson: tributes, programme & abstracts. (with respect to joints, faults, mylonite zones, Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), lineations, foliations, orientations of bedding and 1994. kinematic indicators) has been expanded; and Ab: Landslides, together with floods, have caused more alteration/mineralization zones have been mapped, recurrent economic losses and social hardships in the noting the types and modes of occurrence of sulphide Rio Minho watershed than any other natural hazard. minerals. Some of the results and interpretations are:- This trend will continue as new developments (1) the contact between the Mount Charles encroach on potentially unstable slopes. Past damage Formation and the overlying Border Volcanic indicates the need for a systematic assessment of the Formation may be conformable. (2) The Border landslide hazard that exists in the region. Land-use Volcanic Formation was intruded by the Above planning in the watershed has not taken into account Rocks granitoid. (3) The Above Rocks granitoid is the constraints imposed by landslide processes. A compositionally zoned. (4) The trace of the E-W landslide hazard zonation map of the Rio Minho trending Cavaliers' Fault appears to follow part of the watershed has been prepared on a scale of 1.30,000 southern boundary of the inlier. (5) Tertiary using the techniques of factor analysis and non- limestone outliers and outcrops along the southern hierarchical cluster analysis. The landslide hazard map border of the inlier are reinterpreted as landslide divides the watershed into four sub-areas according deposits. (6) The southern and western margins of to the relative potential of hazard from landslides. 179 the inlier appear to be major faults. (7) The maximum during the earthquake of 1692. The capital has length of dykes is about 300 m. subsequently suffered many earthquakes, but none Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. have been as devastating. Though not as well- represented in the historical records as Kingston, the ID: 1573 Portmore area has also endured earthquake Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. devastation in the past. Local geology and proximity Ti: Applications of earth sciences to coastal zone to potential epicentres combine to place Portmore at management in the Caribbean. risk from earthquake damage. Variations in local So: In: Jackson, Trevor A. ed; Donovan, Stephen K. ed. geology caused by tectonic and other natural forces, Geological and Biological Evolution of the Caribbean and also by man, will certainly play a role in Region: a 60th Birthday Celebration in honour of determining vulnerable microzones. The Wagwater Professor Edward Robinson: tributes, programme Belt is important as a potential site for generating and abstracts. Kingston, University of the West damaging earthquakes. It lies near to Portmore and Indies (Mona), 1994. may have been the epicentre for high intensity events Ab: The earth sciences embrace broad inter-disciplinary in the past; it is likely to be so in the future. The risk areas of research and application which are being of earthquake damage to Portmore must be used to address pressing issues of coastal zone considered in light of historical records, population management (CZM) in the Caribbean region. density and continuing development. The high Examples of Earth Science applications to CZM are percentage of land used for residential purposes (with explained through case studies which include:-(1) resulting high population density), the prevalent use Assessment of causative processes, and rates of of construction materials of high mass (excellent for shoreline and water level change (for example, sea- withstanding hurricanes, but undesirable for level), for determination of set-back requirements and earthquakes) and the large number of housing units for solution of erosion problems. (2) Investigation of constructed in recent years, combined with variables non-metallic, shelf sediment sources for use in like when an earthquake may strike, places Portmore construction and beach renourishment projects. (3) at greater risk than many parts of nearby Kingston. Investigation of sources of alternative energy. (4) Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Environmental impact assessment of coastal development and engineering projects. (5) Risk assessment of hazards from earthquakes, tsunami and ID: 1575 flooding. (6) Strategic planning for integrated coastal Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Robinson, Edward. zone management, including institutional and Ti: Slope movements and the evolution of landforms technical assessment for design of CZM programs. in a plate boundary zone: examples from (7) Projections for climate-change impacts on coastal Jamaica. and shelf areas. The planning process for CZM is no So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. Geological and biological longer the preserve of individual disciplines and evolution of the Caribbean region: a 60th birthday increasingly relies on cross-sectoral design, celebration in honour of Professor Edward implementation and monitoring in which the Earth Robinson: tributes, programme & abstracts. Sciences play an important part. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1994. Ab: The island of Jamaica is located within a seismically ID: 1574 active plate boundary zone. Neogene strike-slip Au: Phillip-Jordan, Cheryl. tectonics has produced major compression and uplift Ti: Earthquakes in Portmore, St. Catherine, Jamaica: in the Jamaican region. Vertical and horizontal past and future. displacements along faults have resulted in a So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed. Geological and mountainous topography manifested as a 'block and biological evolution of the Caribbean region: a 60th belt' structure. Some 75 percent of the relief is birthday celebration in honour of Professor Edward characterised by slopes over 20o, underlain by Robinson, tributes, programme & abstracts. intensely jointed, faulted and weathered bedrock. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), Neotectonic uplift has enhanced chemical weathering 1994. and mass movements. Jamaica is especially subject to Ab: Jamaica lies in an earthquake zone, but the risk from slope movements because of particular combinations earthquakes varies between different parts of the of geological history and rock type, its tectonic setting island. Portmore, parish of St. Catherine, lies to the and the geographic location. The presence of west of Kingston and has a suburban relationship mountains extending along the path of moisture- with the capital city. Kingston was founded after laden winds facilitate heavy orographic rainfall. much of Port Royal disappeared beneath the sea Inherent slope instability factors include fault scarps, 180 altered bedrock, caps of competent strata, alternating some 6 km from Sue River in the north to Zion Hill- permeable and impermeable rocks, gypsum and Harkers Hill in the south. The intrusive contact in anhydrite along formational contacts, and abundant this region dips approximately 6oW and has discontinuities in slopes. These variables combine to produced a relatively wide metamorphic aureole produce a sensitive terrain where hydrolic and seismic marked by sulphide mineralization. factors are particularly effective in producing high Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. rates of slope movement. A majority of the slopes are unable to sustain high relief under these conditions. ID: 1577 Notwithstanding local variations, the landslide Au: Chung, Riley M. ed. landforms are essentially ubiquitous; streams are Ti: Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, the Virgin choked with landslide debris (often forming landslide Islands, and Charleston South Carolina dams) and debris flow deposits appear to dominate September 17-22, 1989. alluvial fans. A scientific understanding of the Pub: Washington; National Academy of Sciences; 1994. physical environment and geodynamic processes are 276. considered essential as guides to the formulation of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. public policy on the sustainable use of the limited land resources of Jamaica and other small island ID: 1578 states. Au: Bush, David M. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Coastal Processes. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico,

The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina ID: 1576 September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Au: Manning, Paul A. S; McCain, Trevor W; Ahmad, Rafi; Academy of Sciences, 1994. 130-54. Robinson, Edward. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Structural geology of the Above Rocks Inlier, Jamaica. ID: 1579 So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. Geological and biological Au: Aguirre, Benigno E. evolution of the Caribbean region: a 60th birthday Ti: Emergency planning and response in Puerto celebration in honour of Professor Edward Rico. Robinson: tributes, programme & abstracts. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina 1994. September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Ab: Recent mapping has shown that the structure of the Academy of Sciences, 1994. 63-81. Above Rocks Inlier is dominated by brittle and Ab: This chapter presents a preliminary assessment of a brittle-ductile shear zones which define the following set of processes that the reconnaissance team trends:015o, 090o, 115o, 135o and 160o. Major joint characterized as the organized disaster-response to sets are also parallel to these trends. The overall Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. orientation of shear zones and joints in the inlier Recommendations are included in the hope that they follow major fault trends known from the rest of the will improve the disaster response system on the island. This pattern appears to be consistent with the island. The operations of NWS/WSFO are described restraining bend geometry and the location of the and the reasons for its success identified. The island within a broad zone of Neogene left-lateral SLOSH model, which was effectively used to plan strike-slip deformation. The late cretaceous Above and execute excavations, is described. The similarities Rocks granitoid appears to be an epizonal, multiphase between the two successful programs are noted. pluton which was mostly passively emplaced along Finally elements in the disaster-response system that pre-existing NW-SE fractures. Intrusion of dykes in did not work well-i.e. sheltering, long term emergency the inlier was also controlled by NW-SE orientated housing, and lifeline protections are analyzed. faults and joints. However, in the Zion Hill area Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. mesoscopic structures including aligned crystals, elongate cognate xenoliths and wall zone fabrics may ID: 1580 be indicative of forceful emplacement of the pluton. Au: Vogel, John L. Sulphide mineralization is controlled by the fracture Ti: Hydrology. geometry along NNW-SSE trending faults and shear So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto zones, and along intrusive contacts of the main Rico, The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South granitoid pluton. The latter is particularly well Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Washington, developed within an approximately 1.6km wide, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 48-62. NNE-SSW trending zone extending for a distance of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

181 ID: 1581 ID: 1587 Au: Bush, David M; Marshall, Richard R. Ti: Montego Bay 100 year hurricane Ti: Lifelines. hazard assessment. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Agriculture. Water The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina Resources Division; 1994. 17. September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Ab: This report represents the results of a pilot phase Academy of Sciences, 1994. 115-29. hazard mapping exercise carried out by the Jamaica Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. CDMP Technical Working Group and the OAS/CDMP team. ID: 1582 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Golden, Joseph H. Ti: Meteorology. ID: 1588 So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, Au: Caribbean Meteological Institute. The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina Ti: Monthly weather summary (January to September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National December 1994 Part A). Academy of Sciences, 1994. 16-47. Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 25 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1583 ID: 1589 Au: Marshall, Richard D. Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Ti: Surface speeds and property damage. Ti: Montly weather summary (Part B 1994). So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteological Institute; 1994. 25. The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 82-116. ID: 1590 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Caribbean Meteological Institute. Ti: Montly weather summary (Part B 1995). ID: 1584 Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteological Institute; 1994. 25 Ti: Jamaica national environmental action plan 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Government; 1994. 42 . Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. ID: 1591 Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority. ID: 1585 Ti: National environmental action plan. Au: Tyrell, Andrew J. Pub: Kingston; NRCA; 1994. 52 . Ti: Kingston Harbour: a study in pollution. Ab: Gives an overview of the state of the environment, Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1994. 106. discusses the economy and environmental matters Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. including legislation. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.

ID: 1586 ID: 1592 Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Au: National Research Council. Ti: Liquifaction-related ground failures during the Ti: Natural disasters studies: Hurricane Hugo. St. Andrew earthquake of 13 January 1993, Pub:Washington,D.C; National Academy of Sciences; Jamaica - implications for seismic hazard 1994. zonation. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Kingston; The Faculty of Natural Sciences;1994. 22. Co: Proceedings of the First Conference- Faculty of ID: 1593 Natural Sciences; Kingston, May 1994. Au: Haughton, Stephen. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Position paper on dumpsites in Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; NRCA; 1994. 5. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.

182 ID: 1594 ID: 1596 Au: Suite, Winston H. E; Chin, Myron W; Khan- Au: Cambers, Gillian; James, Arlington. Kernahan, Ian. Ti: Sandy coast monitoring: the Dominica example Ti: The role of the civil engineer in treating with (1987-1992). natural disasters. Pub: Paris; Unesco; 1994. 92. So: In: Caribbean Academy of Sciences. Proceeedings of Ab: Presented and discussed in this document are the the 5th Annual General Meeting. St. Augustine, results of a beach monitoring programme in Caribbean Academy of Sciences, 1994. 8-18. Dominica (1987-1992). Twenty-three beach sites Co: 5th Annual General Meeting; Georgetown, 1994. were measured at three-monthly intervals. In 1989 Ab: The paper singles out for specific focus, three of the during the monitoring period two major hurricanes most devastating types of natural disasters, passed close to Dominica. Significant erosion earthquakes, hurricanes and floods. These have been followed by accretion was reported after the the chief architects of the ever-changing landscape hurricanes; however, two years later, the beaches had and they have wreaked havoc on human life and the not recovered their pre-hurricane levels. Very high built environment, as we have known it in the average erosion rates were calculated (close to 1 m Caribbean Basin region. By drawing on the per year) and were related to beach sand mining. This experiences and the lessons learnt from several well programme was carried out within a regional documented examples, an attempt is made to show UNESCO/COMAR/COSALC-1 project "Beach and how man has tried to use science to construct edifices Coastal Stability in the Lesser Antilles". better able to withstand the destructive forces of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. nature by employing a number of strategies beginning with his attempting to define acceptable levels of risk. ID: 1597 The paper treats with the role of design codes of Au: Edwards, David T. practice, the concept of factors of safety, statistical Ti: Small farmers and protection of the watersheds: analysis of historical data and modes of failure as the experience of Jamaica since the 1950s. demonstrated by detailed studies of previous disaster So: London; Overseas Development Institute; March sites. It examines the role of both experimental and 1994. 73. theoretical research and model building and the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. advanced tools of analysis and design introduced by the advent of the computer. This is one approach taken by man, the civil engineer, in dealing with ID: 1598 disasters. The paper then discusses a second Au: Daniel, Pierre. approach, that of disaster management, utilising risk Ti: A real-time system for forecasting hurricane analysis, planning techniques and all the modern storm surges over the French Antilles. approaches of management science. It is argued that So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science such an approach offers planning as one of the and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., principal lines of defense against disasters. The paper American Geophysical Union, 1994. 146-56. concludes with a discussion of how well the Ab: A depth-averaged numerical storm-surge model has engineer/designer/planner has performed in been developed and configured to run on a personal adopting these approaches. It uses several well workstation to provide a stand-alone system for publicised examples of disaster occurrences of the forecasting hurricane storm surge. Atmospheric last decade and makes recommendations on how surface pressure and surface winds are derived from science can deal more effectively in reducing the an analytical hurricane model that requires only impact of those forces of nature in future. hurricane positions, central pressures, and radii of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. winds. The storm-surge model was tested in hindcast mode on three hurricanes which gave significant surges over Guadeloupe and Martinique during the ID: 1595 last 15 years. This model could be used for other Au: Eyre, L. Alan. small islands in the Caribbean. Ti: Loss and degradation of the tropical forests. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. What has gone wrong? What can be done? So: In: Sharma, P. R. ed. Regional policies and development in the Third World. Varanasi, Rishi Pub, 1994. 97-115. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

183 ID: 1599 ID: 1601 Au: Montero, Guillermo Garcia; Marti, Jose L. Juanes. Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. Ti: Beach erosion and mitigation: the case of Ti: The geological legacy of small islands at the Varadero Beach, Cuba. Caribbean-Atlantic boundary. So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1994. 238-49. American Geophysical Union, 1994. 205-24. Ab: Varadero Beach, one of the most important tourist Ab: Contrasting geological structures form the gateway resorts of Cuba, has been experiencing an erosive between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic-Ocean. To trend of its shoreline for the past 25 years. Shoreline the north, islands of the Bahamas and Turks and retreat has been estimated at 1.2 m/yr with an Caicos are perched on extensive carbonate platforms average sand loss of 50,000 m3/yar. The main results whose surfaces have remained above the base of the of a research program for beach erosion studies are euphotic zone through the Cenozoic. Southward, the presented; this includes the results of a mitigation generally volcanic Lesser Antilles has evolved in an program applying artificial beach nourishment that island arc at the convergence zone of the Caribbean has been developed since 1987, with a total of and American tectonic plates. A volcanically 700,000 m3 of sand nourished to the beach. The quiescent but seismically active branch of the arc main causes of beach erosion and the reasons for diverges northeast of Martinique. Volcanism specific mitigation actions are explained. The commenced in the Eocene, with islands building application of these results to other small island through the water column during the Cenozoic. The countries could be inferred. young non-volcanic island of Barbados, located Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. above the accretionary fore-arc prism, first emerged above sea level about 900,000 years ago. Geological processes of millennia have controlled, and continue ID: 1600 to influence, nearly all aspects of island economic life. Au: Maul, George A; Hendry, Malcolm D; Pirazzoli, While endowing the region with stunning beauty and Paolo A. environmental advantages, these processes have Ti: Sea level, tides and . resulted in an uneven distribution of materials for So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science construction; have left no significant metalliferous and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., deposits; spawned no fossil fuels except in Barbados; American Geophysical Union, 1994. 83-119. and provided limitations to water supply in growing Ab: Small islands have intimate contact with oceanic island populations. Widespread, severe risks phenomena, and in many cases their geography is a associated with volcanic eruption, earthquakes, totally marine environment. Accordingly, catastrophic landslides, and longer term sea-level changes are also events such as tsunamis can affect their entire land a consequence of these processes. area, and rising global sea level is feared to flood Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. whole nations. In a survey of sea level at numerous small islands, it is shown that in many cases sea level is falling and has been for centuries and that any ID: 1602 effect of global change is very site specific. Tides, in Au: Cambers, Gillian. general, have a smaller range at islands than at Ti: Towards integrated coastal zone management in continental sites, but even though tidal observations small island states. are essential for determining vertical datums and for So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science predictions, many small island developing states do and sustainable development. Washington, D.C,, not operate guages. Tsunami prediction, for American Geophysical Union, 1994. 323-40. example, requires improved bottom topography Ab: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is still information at most sites, but again the observational a relatively new concept within the smaller eastern network for issuing warnings and improving such Caribbean islands. The problems facing the forecasts is often times absent. A commitment by implementation of ICZM are discussed: these include small island developing states to initiate observations the absence of quantitative coastal inventories of and to participate in regional research and monitoring natural resources, the weakness of physical planning programs is considered essential for effective mechanisms, shortages of equipment, and the decision-making to assist sustained economic difficulty of reconciling the short term political time development. frame and the longer term environmental time scale. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. The paper recommends increased cooperation between professionals in regional research institutions and government CZM agencies to 184 develop applied research projects to solve specific ID: 1607 problems. Au: Shepherd, John B; Lynch, Lloyd L; Tanner, J. G. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: A revised earthquake catalogue for the eastern Caribbean region: 1513-1992. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the ID: 1603 Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Au: Kahwa, Isenkumba A; Reid, Howard O. N. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Ti: The asbestos problem in Jamaica. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; Centre for 43-52. Environment and Development; 1994. 40. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Ab: Research has shown that exposure to asbestos can floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. cause potentially fatal diseases such as lung cancer, Ab: We present a revised earthquake catalogue for the asbestosis, and mesothelioma. This paper presents a eastern Caribbean region 8N to 22.5N, 58W to 70W preliminary assessment of the impact of asbestos covering the period 1930 to 1993. Sizes of all events products usage in Jamaica. The authors reveal that for which sufficient information exists have been asbestos wastes in Jamaica are largely handled in an expressed in terms of seismic moment either unsafe manner and are improperly disposed of, measuring directly or derived from earthquake causing a major public health concern in some areas. magnitude by theoretical and empirical formulae. Recommendations are made for identification of From 1530 to 1900 the sources of information suitable sites and mechanisms for waste disposal, consists entirely of written accounts of felt detailed research into Jamaica's asbestos problem, earthquakes. The completeness of this part of the and close monitoring of the health of persons who catalogue varies throughout the region but is risk occupational exposure to asbestos. probably complete down to magnitude (Mw) 6.5 to 7 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. since 1800 and perhaps as far back as 1600 in some parts of the region. From 1900 onwards an increasing ID: 1604 number of instrumentally-determined epicenters and Au: Thacker, Katy. magnitudes are available but reports of felt Ti: Water quality issues. earthquakes continue to exceed instrumental Pub: Negril; Negril Coral Reef Preservation Society; 1994. observation until at least 1950. During this period the 184. lower magnitude of completeness is in the range of Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. 5.5 to 6. After 1950 the establishment of more modern seismograph station within the region ID: 1605 gradually improved the location threshold but the Au: Ambeh, William B. ed. major improvement did not occur until 1964 when Ti: Proceedings of the Caribbean conference on the almost simultaneous completion of WWSSN and natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, the establishment of the ISC further reduced the windstorm, floods. threshold to about 4.0. Within limited regions such as Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies. Seismic the Central Lesser Antilles and the Trinidad-Tobago Research Unit; 1994. 395. region where local seismograph systems are Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, particularly efficient the local threshold is now down floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. to micro earthquake level. Lo: Costa Rica, Regional Disaster Information Center for Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Latin America and the Caribbean, UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1608 Au: Latchman, Joan L; Ambeh, William B; Lynch, Lloyd ID: 1606 L. Au: Suite, Winston H. E. Ti: Attenuation of seismic waves in the Trinidad & Ti: A strategy for retrofitting critical structures in Tobago area. reducing earthquake and hurricane risk. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. 100-12. 373-80. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Ab: The attenuation of seismic waves from earthquakes Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. located within the area bounded by 9-12N and 60- 185 63W was estimated from short period seismograms. ID: 1612 Coda Q, Qc, determinations were made for each of Au: Aguilar-Bercerril, Hector R; Perez-Rocha, L. the six seismograph stations within the area, while Eduardo; Aviles-Lopez, Javier Perez-Rocha, L spectral Q values from P-phases, Q alpha, were Edwardo; Aguilar-Bercerril, Hector R. estimated from station TRN. The S-S single Ti: Dynamic soil-structure interaction effects on scattering model was assumed for coda generations, response spectra. and the w-2 (omega) source model was assumed for So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the the spectural Q determinations. The Qc values show Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, a strong frequency dependence in frequency range earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University values 1.5 to 12 Hz. The value of Q at 1 Hz, Qo, was of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. found to lie within the range 107-132, while the rate 124-33. of frequency dependence, n, extends from 0.80-1.06 Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, for shallow events. For intermediate depth events, floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Qo varies from 101-173 and n from 0.80-1.02. Q Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. alpha values obtained show a spatial variation within the region, with the highest attenuation being ID: 1613 obtained on land Trinidad. Au: Ambeh, William B. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Earthquake hazard in the Eastern Caribbean. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the ID: 1609 Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Au: Chin, Myron W; Patazopoulou, S. J. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Ti: Comparison of Caribbean and North American of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. seismic provisions. 147-64. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. 283-93 ID: 1614 Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Au: Smith, Alan L; Roobol, M. J. floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Ti: Eastern Caribbean volcanic hazards. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, ID: 1610 earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Au: Osborne, Robin W. A. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Ti: Construction practices and seismic vulnerability: 220-9. typical single-family dwellings in Trinidad, West Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Indies. floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University ID: 1615 of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Au: Smith, Martin S; Shepherd, John B. 365-8. Ti: Explosive submarine eruptions of Kick-'Em- Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Jenny Volcano: priliminary investigations of the floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. potential tsunami hazard in the Eastern Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Caribbean Region.

ID: 1611 So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the Au: Paultre, Patrick; Mitchell, Denis. Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Ti: Determining seismic base shear - a more rational earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University approach. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the 249-60. Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. .294-302. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 186 ID: 1616 earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Au: Golofre, Jose Grases. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Ti: Migration of seismic activity in the northern 329-38. boundary of the Caribbean Plate. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Lo: UWI, Science Library. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. ID: 1618 1-10. Au: Shepherd, John B; Tanner, J. G; Prockter, L. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Ti: Revised estimates of the levels of ground floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. acceleration and velocity with 10 probability of Ab: Among the recent destructive earthquakes associated exceedance in any 50-year period for the with the Caribbean Plate, the MS7.6 1976 Trinidad and Tobago region. earthquake stands out: ground breakage was mapped So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the along the Motagua fault for nearly 230 Km, with Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, mean left lateral displacements of approximately one earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University metre and local displacement of as much as three of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. times more. The evaluation of previous destructive 165-75. events in the same area, base on the form and Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, extension of isoseismal maps, leads to comparable floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Richter magnitude associated with the Polochic- Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Chixoy fault. This paper explores possible evidence for such a low propagating deformational process ID: 1619 along the compound plate boundary. It summarizes Au: Robertson, Richard E. A. the result of a time -space analysis of the destructive Ti: Risk assessment of the Soufriere Volcano, St. and/or large instrumentally recorded events during Vincent, W.I. the 1538-1976 period, with magnitudes at least equal So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the to 7.0 associated with the above mentioned plate Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, border, which is nearly 3500 km long. The total earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University number of events is 113, of which a third reached of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, July 1994. Mercalli intensities of at least grade vii; a third of 230-45. these were concomitant with tsunamis. The sequence Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, of occurrence of the 113 earthquakes shows west-east floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. migration patterns. Therefore large events with Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. epicenters towards the eastern end and northern boundary seem to belong to cycles of activity that begin at the northern end of the plate and which take ID: 1620 about three and a half centuries to reach the other Au: Key, David. end. With the available data several cycles of Ti: Seismic design codes: philosophy, application migration can be identified in historical times, and effectiveness. recurring 7 to 8 decades and with propagation So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the velocities of 8.5deg/century. The observation Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, described above leads to the identification of earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University relatively small areas some 350-400 km long, where of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. the probability of large earth quakes occurring within 273-82 the next 10-15 years is much higher than for Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, neighbouring areas. This seems to be the case of five floods; St.Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. areas identified in the paper, whose total length is Ab: The multi-level philosophy applied in typical seismic about half of the plate boundary length. design codes and its implications are described. The Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. principal areas of concern are ground motion estimates, selection of structure modification factors, ID: 1617 infill, live load, soil structure interaction, capacity Au: Guevara, L. Teresa; Fortoul, Edgar. design, structural concepts and education and Ti: More about the study of floor-plan shape awareness. Brief outlines of four seismic structural influence on buildings' response to earthquakes. codes are given- UBC91, Eurocode 8, NZS So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the 4203:1992 and CUBiC. Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 187 ID: 1621 1979, a great amount of microseismic activity has Au: Wightman, A; chin, B. G; Henderson, P. W. been detected in the north coast area. The Ti: Seismic risk mitigation designs for two East Dominican Republic, with an area of 48,000 km2 and Caribbean infrastructure projects. a population of seven million people, is one of the So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the countries with the highest seismic risk in the Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Caribbean. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. 311-28. ID: 1624 Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Au: Smith, Douglas L; Ambeh, William B; Bartoloni, floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Tony J; Lord, Kenneth M. Lo: UWI, Science Library. Ti: Significance of Caribbean and regional earthquake events in the determination of ID: 1622 seismic attenuation and hazard assessment in Au: Bungum, Hilmar. Florida. Ti: Seismic source evaluation, strong motion So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the attenuation and soil reponse in Central America. Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University 94-9. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, 113-21. floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Ab: More than seventy-five percent of seismic events floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. recorded by the by the University of Florida Seismic Ab: A project of seismological coorperation has been network (UFL) originate in the circum-Caribbean established between seismological and geotechnical tectonic region. The proximity of the Florida Plateau institutions in Norway and six Central American to the tectonic features in the circum-Caribbean countries. The project, has included work concerned region demands that earthquake events from the with seismic source evaluation, strong-motion data, region be incorporated in assessment of seismic seismic wave attenuation, soil response effects, hazard for Florida. Data from the recently completed regional seismic hazard, and site-specific hazard. This 6-station network, as well as extensive review from technical coorperation has been promoted through record archives from station GAI, have yielded exchange of personnel both ways research tasks. The preliminary models of seismic attenuation for the present paper provides some of the organizational Florida Plateau. Ground motion measurements from background, some technical results, and a brief more that twenty events originating from the discussion of future plans. aribbean, Central and South America yield an Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. attenuation coefficient approaching 0.22deg-1. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1623 ID: 1625 Au: Gomez, Luis Odonel. Au: Osborne, Robin W. A. Ti: Seismicity and seismic hazard in the Dominican Ti: Small unengineered buildings: factors affecting Republic. their resistance to earthquake and wind forces. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. 56-64. 358-64. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Ab: The Dominican Republic occupies two-third of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. island of Hispaniola which is located in the Caribbean-North American plate boundary zone. In ID: 1626 the past 500 years, the island has been shaken by Au: Doser, Diane I; VanDusen, Shelley R. large earthquakes, the most recent occurring in 1946 Ti: Source processes of large (M6.5) earthquakes of and causing widespread destruction. Since the the southern Caribbean (1926-60). establishment of a telemetred seismic network in

188 So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University 261-70. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, 12-8. floods; St. Anns, 11-5, Oct.1993. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Ab: Body form inversion studies have been conducted for ID: 1629 13 earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 that has occurred Au: Clarke, R. P; Sharma, A. K. between 1926 and 1960 in the southeastern Ti: The seismic retrofitting of local clay block walls: Caribbean, an area extending from Barbuda, Lesser research in progress. Antilles, to Cumana, Venezuela. A goal of this So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the research is to provide a better understanding of the Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, long-term spatial and temporal patterns of seismicity earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University and deformation within the region. The results of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. suggests that six shallow (focal depth of 1 to 30 km) 345-57. earthquake studied reflect intraplate deformation. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Shallow events in eastern Venezuela show floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. predominantly right-lateral strike-slip motion, while Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. an event west of Trinidad shows normal faulting. An event in the Barbados trough exhibits right lateral ID: 1630 strike-slip faulting. Moderate depth events (40-70 km) Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. show normal faulting at 44km depth. Intermediate Ti: The earthquake of January 13, 1993, and its depth events (70 km) show left-lateral strike-slip implication for earthquake hazard in eastern motion beneath the Paria peninsula. A mixture of Jamaica. normal and strike-slip faulting, generally along trends So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the oblique to the arc, is found within the Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards: Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Windstorm, Floods. Kingston, University of the West Indies. Seismic ID: 1627 Research Unit, Jul. 1994. 65-76. Au: Rosales, Vanessa. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, Ti: Structural and Functional Vulnerability of floods; St.Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Hospitals. Ab: On January 13, 1993, an earthquake of duration So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the magnitude 5.4 and maximum Modified Mercalli Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Intensity VII occurred in eastern Jamaica. The earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University hypocentre was 15 km underneath the rural of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. community of Woodford, the southern Wagwater 339-44. Belt. The latter is fault-bounded, narrow, uplifted, Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, northwest tending trough, separating the Liguanea floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. plains to the south, from the Blue Mountains to the Ab: The importance of hospitals as essential facilities that northeast. The seismic activity of the Wagwater Belt are required to function during and immediately after was known from numerous small earthquakes an earthquake is presented with a description of some recorded by the Jamaica Network of Seismograph of the methodologies that may be used for structural Stations over the past thirty years. However, January and functional vulnerability assessment, including a 13 earthquake was the first earthquake of this size short reference on the energy method. General confirmed as having originated in the belt. Hence, it recommendations that may be kept in consideration was also seen as the first indication that the Wagwater for the design of this type of building is proposed. Belt may be a source zone for larger Jamaican Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. earthquakes. First motion data indicate reverse faulting with a left-lateral strike-slip component. This ID: 1628 is consistent with the view of Mann et al. (1985) that Au: Ramnanan, H. the Wagwater Belt is a push-up restraining bend. Ti: The annual variability of tropical cyclone activity Further more the earthquake appears to have in the North Atlantic - Caribbean Sea - Gulf of originated on a buried fault, which is not featured on Mexico Basin. current geological maps of the island. However a So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the fault having the same trend was mapped by Mately Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, (1951) and more recently, it appears on maps by 189 Mann and Burke (1990). With the January 1993 event Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, new knowledge about the earthquake potential of floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. land based Jamaican faults has been gained. This has Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. serious implications for earthquake risks in eastern Jamaica, particularly since Jamaica's capital city, ID: 1634 Kingston, the island's seat of government and Au: Potter, Robert B; Dann, Graham M. S. commerce, and home of 800,000, is seated on the Ti: Some observations concerning postmodernity Liguanea Plain. Further hazard assessment were made and sustainable development in the Caribbean. with the belief that faults such as the Orient Fracture So: Caribbean Geography; 5(2):92-101, Sept.1994. Zone, the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary which Co: Issues in Caribbean Sustainable Development Part 1; lies some 100km off Jamaica's north coasts, posed the San Francisco, Mar./Apr.1995. major threat to Kingston, due to the amplification of Ab: It is argued that the region faces two major threats. far source seismic waves in the alluvial sediments. It The first is the possible impact of climate change, now seems plausible that the historic incidence of especially when juxtaposed with increasing twenty damaging earthquakes per century reported by demographic and residential pressures. The second Shepherd (1971) could be the result of seismic involves the likely influences of globalization and activity on Jamaica itself. conditions of postmodernity in the Caribbean. Some Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. has suggested that postmodernity has little relevance in a context where nations are still striving to ID: 1631 'modernize'. However the present paper argues that Au: Carby, Barbara E. this position overlooks the fact that the Caribbean Ti: The effect of the January 13,1993, earthquake on plays host to thousands of first world tourists and the Mona Campus, UWI: The case for a multinational companies, many of which are earthquake vulnerability reduction programme. associated with post modernity. Although So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the postmodernism may in certain respects be seen as the Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, liberating force associated with small-scale earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University developments, it is argued that in the case of the of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Caribbean, its influence is largely to be interpreted in 381-8. term of late capitalism. As such it may result in a Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, further era of external control, exploitation and floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. neocolonialism, and one which threatens to have Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. major effects on the degree to which environmental sustainability and sustainable development are achievable in the Caribbean region. ID: 1632 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Opadeyi, Jacob. Ti: The use of GIS as disaster preparedness and ID: 1635 response tool. Au: Bardados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the Response Agency Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Ti: Can your house understand a cyclone impact? earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University So: Caribbean Disaster News; ( 2) : 6, Jan. – Jun. 1993. of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library 389-94. Co: Natural hazards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms, ID: 1636 floods; St. Anns, 11-15, Oct.1993. Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Response Agency Ti: Information technology regional disaster ID: 1633 management Au: Key, David. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (2): 9 -10, Jan. – Jun. 1993. Ti: Uncertainty in the design of earthquake resistant Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library structures. So: In: Ambeh, William B. ed. Proceedings of the ID: 1637 Caribbean conference on natural hazards: volcanoes, Au: Martinez, Ricardo Perez. earthquakes, windstorm, floods. Kingston, University Ti: Information for disaster reduction in Latin of the West Indies. Seismic Research Unit, Jul. 1994. America and the Caribbean. 304-10. So: Stop Disasters; 22 :11-2, Nov.-Dec. 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 190 ID: 1638 south. The likelihood of death and destruction is Au: Botterell, Art. extreme in such high-risk areas, while the most Ti: Into the infomation age: a letter from the feasible method of loss reduction is evacuation frontier. before an eruption occurs. So: Stop Disasters; 22 :13-4, Nov.-Dec. 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1643 ID: 1639 Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Mulleady, Tomas. Response Agency Ti: Environmental impact of present land use: the Ti: Rio Cobre watershed case study. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (2): 14, Jan. – Jun. 1993. So: Kingston; IICA/GTZ; Dec. 1994. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1644 ID: 1640 Au: Molin Valdes, Helena. Au: White, Sharon. Ti: Expanding women's participation in disaster Ti: Negril environmental awareness survey. prevention and mitigation, some approaches Pub: s.l; s.n; 1995. 90. from Latin America and the Caribbean. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. So: Stop Disasters; 24: 10-1, 1995. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1641 Ti: Policy workshop for a soil erosion control ID: 1645 strategy. Au: Thompson, Paul; Good, James. Pub: Kingston; s.n.; 1995. Ti: How international organizations can support Co: Policy Workshop for a Soil Erosion Control Strategy; local training. Kingston, 13, Jun. 1995. So: Stop Disasters; 26(4):12, 1995. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1642 ID: 1646 Au: Robertson, Richard E. A. Au: Sammy, George K; Singh, Naresh C; Julian, Karen; Ti: An assessment of the risk from future eruptions Sweeney, Incent. of the Soufriere Volcano of St. Vincent, West Ti: Industrial wastewater management in the Indies. Caribbean region. So: Natural Hazards; 11(2):163-91, Mar. 1995. So: Industry and Environment; 18(2-3):88-92, April- Ab: The Soufriere volcano is a 1220 m high stratovolcano September 1995. which occupies the northern part of the island of St. Ab: This article addresses the current status of industrial Vincent. It is one of the most active centres of wastewater management in the Caribbean region and volcanism in the Caribbean and has a record of looks towards future developments. It draws heavily activity dating back to the Pleistocene. Historic on the recent UNDP/CARICOM Regional Sewage eruptions (since 1718) have caused over 1600 deaths Disposal Studies Project. The type of wastewater and resulted in damage to property valued in excess produced in 13 groups of industries are described, of 4.8 million USD. In addition, current development along with efforts aimed at waste recycling, reduction, plans for the area point towards increased risk of reuse and treatment. disastrous consequences from future activity at the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. volcano. All aspects of risk relevant to the volcano, are discussed, with particular emphasis on the manner ID: 1647 in which these are perceived and on the question of Au: Mansingh, Ajai; Wilson, Arlene. acceptable risk. A method is presented for use in risk Ti: Insecticide contamination of Jamaican assessment of volcanic hazard and a number of risk environment III. Baseline studies on the status of zones are defined for the Soufriere volcano. insecticidal pollution of Kingston Harbour. Numerical estimates of the relative loss expected So: Marine Pollution Bulletin; 30(10):640-5, Oct. 1995. within each zone are obtained from a consideration Ab: Kingston Harbour, a 50 km2 bay connected to the of the value of the property at risk, its vulnerability to Caribbean sea only through a 3.5 km channel, is the hazardous volcanic events and the expected contaminated with residues of at least seven spatial impact of volcanic events. Such estimates insecticides, which are introduced by the Rio Cobre. suggest that the northern-most third of the island is Weekly sampling of the Harbour for a month in July at least ten times more at risk than areas further 1992 revealed the following maximum and mean 191 residue levels in water (uglk-1) and sediments (ng g-1; characteristics of a structure that has been attributed data in parentheses), respectively; a-endosulphan, to both sector collapse and caldera collapse. The 8.56 and 2.18 (1 and 0.52); B-endosulphan, 15.7 and angular shape of the depression, the steep offshore 7.86 (0.76 and 0.4); endosulphan sulphate, 0.0003 and submarine slope, and the length-to-width ratio 0.0003 (O); p,p'-DDT, 7 and 7 (0.04 and 0.35); derived from the DEM are more consistent with a dieldrin, 3.75 and 1.88 (0.001 and 0.001); aldrin, O sector collapse than a caldera collapse. The Qualibou (36.7 and 9.2); endrin, 0.93 and 0.26 (0.006 and depression opens toward the backarc similarly to 0.006); lindane, 0 (0.8 and 0.5); and diazinon, 0.1 other postulated sector collapse features in the Lesser and 0.05 (0.007 and 0.045). Oysters and fish were also Antillean island arc, suggesting possible links among contaminated with a-endosulphan, diazinon and growth of the volcanic edifice, evolution of the back- aldrin. arc, and orientation of subduction. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1648 ID: 1650 Au: Opadeyi, Jacob. Au: Robertson, Richard E. A; Ambeh, William B; Lynch, Ti: Requirements analysis for developing a national Lloyd L. GIS infrastructure for Trinidad and Tobago. Ti: Strategic planning for volcanic emergencies in So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 18(1):25-32, the Commonwealth Eastern Caribbean. 1995. So: Caribbean Geography; 6(2):77-96, 1995. Ab: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a Ab: The essential elements of an overall strategy for better storage and distribution mechanism for spatial emergency management of volcanoes, incorporating data than the classical hardcopy map, hence, the preparedness, evacuation management and post- growing increase in the demand for a national or eruption activities, is outlined in an attempt to guide corporate approach to its development. A national the process of implementing loss reduction measures GIS will serve the spatial data needs of several public for future volcanic eruptions. An outline of alert and private agencies to meet their various land procedures to be followed at all stages of an management activities. The development of a impending emergency and; the essential components national GIS, however, hinges on the existence and of a volcano evacuation plan are also presented. continual maintenance of three basic infrastructure Finally, a number of issues pertinent to the elements: data, technology and institutions. This development of volcanic emergency plans are paper analyses elements of this infrastructure vis-a-vis discussed. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. requirements for the establishment of a national GIS in Trinidad and Tobago. ID: 1651 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Crawford, James A. Ti: The effects of Hurricane Allen at Discovery Bay, ID: 1649 Jamaica, and a post-hurricane survey of the Au: Mattioli, Glen S; Jansma, Pamela E; Jaramillo, Lorna; living hermatypic corals. Smith, Alan L. So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 31(3-4):237-42, Dec. Ti: Sector collapse in island arc volcanoes: a digital 1995. topographic and bathymetric investigation of the Ab: This report contributes new data on storm-induce Qualibou Depression, St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles. coral damage on a Caribbean reef. data collected So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 31(3-4):163-73, Dec. from pre-hurricane photographic transects of the 1995. coral cover on the West Fore Reef (WFR) of Ab: The emerging consensus is that sector collapse is an Discovery Bay were compared to post-hurricane data important process in the evolution of volcanoes. In to determine the extent of storm damage to most documented cases, the topographic features hermatypic corals. Pre-hurricane transects were now interpreted as the result of gravity-induced conducted in 1979 and 1980. Post-hurricane transects collapse were previously interpreted as the result of conducted in 1981 showed considerable changes in either explosive eruption or caldera collapse. To date, the coral cover and composition as a result of however, only a few studies have investigated this Hurricane Allen. Coral cover in the Palmata Zone phenomenon in island arcs. In this study, we use declined by 93.7 percent. The Mixed Zone, published 1:25,000 scale topographic quadrangle dominated by boulder corals, decreased 84.7 percent maps and unpublished bathymetric data to derive a in coral cover and the Cervicornis Zone experienced digital elevation model (DEM) of the onshore and a decrease of 78.9 percentage. The average horizontal offshore portions of the Qualibou depression, St. coral cover on the reef, as viewed from overhead, Lucia in the Lesser Antillean island arc, to evaluate decreased from 63.4 +-12 percent to 11.1 +- 3 quantitatively the morphological and topographic percent. Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata 192 incurred the most damage, experiencing almost 100 ID: 1657 percent and 98 percent destruction, respectively. Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Montastrea annularis, Porites astreoides, Siderastrea Ti: Ambient air quality management seminar for siderea and Millepora complanata seemed more Jamaica. resistant to storm damage. After the hurricane, Pub: Gainesville; KBN Engineering; 1995. Montastrea annularis was the most abundant species, Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. with an average coral cover of 7.6 +- 2 percent, down from 13.2 +- 4 percent prior to the hurricane. Results ID: 1658 show that branching corals are more prone to storm Au: Wright, Matthew G. damage than round, boulder corals, and the greatest Ti: An economic analysis of coral reef protection in destruction occurred in the shallow fore reef. Other Negril, Jamaica. reports on storm-induced coral damage are discussed. Pub: Kingston; UWICED; 1995. 45. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.

ID: 1652 ID: 1659 Au: Lohman, Ernst J. A; Haidar Nahla. Au: Trinidad and Tobago. Department of Civil Ti: Training for disaster reduction at universities. Engineering. So: Stop Disasters; 26(4):5-11, 1995. Ti: Basic principles of hurricane resistant housing Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. for the Caribbean. information booklet. ID: 1653 So: St. Agustine; Department of Civil Engineering, Au: de Ville de Goyet, Claude. University of the West Indies; 1995. Ti: Training for disaster reduction in Latin America Lo: St. Lucia., Hunter J. Francois Library. and the Caribbean. So: Stop Disasters; 26(4):13-4, 1995. ID: 1660 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation. Ti: Beach policy: a policy for the use of the foreshore ID: 1654 and the floor of the sea. Au: Carby, Barbara E; Ahmad, Rafi. So: Kingston; Natural Resources Conservation Authority; Ti: Vulnerability of roads and water systems to 1995. 26 hydro-geological hazards in Jamaica. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. So: Built Environment; 21(2-3):145-53, 1995. Ab: Case histories show that Jamaica's roads and water ID: 1661 supplies are at risk not only due to the physical Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority. conditions of the island but also to the absence of an Ti: Coral reef protection and preservation policy and integrated approach to planning and development regulation. control, inadequate mitigation measures and a lack of So: Kingston; NRCA; 1995. 24. proper data collection on the effects of natural Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. hazards. What is needed is a national plan for hazard management based on prevention and mitigation. ID: 1662 Lo: Costa Rico, Regional Disaster Information Center for Au: Bosch León, Raúl. Latin America and the Caribbean; UWI, Mona, Ti: Disminución de las inundaciones por Science Library; penetración del mar: tramo II del Malecón de calle J a calle 10, Vedado, Ciudad de La Habana. ID: 1655 So: Ciudad de La Habana; Empresa de Investigaciones y Au: Clarke, Yvonne. Proyectos Hidráulicos; 1995. Ti: Women and children: the key to disaster Co: Forum Nacional de Ciencia y Tícnica, 10; Ciudad de prevention in Jamaica. La Habana, 1995. So: Stop Disasters; 24: 8, 1995. Ab: Se plantea que las inundaciones que se producen en Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. las zonas aledañas al Malecón de Ciudad de La Habana, producidas por las penetraciones del mar ID: 1656 que tienen lugar por la ocurrencia de ciclones, frentes Au: Conrad Douglas and Associates. fríos u otros eventos meteorológicos, ocurren Ti: Alternative sites for the disposal of dredged spoil principalmente por el sobrepaso de las olas sobre el from Kingston Harbour: study commissioned by muro del Malecón y en menor medida, por la Port Authority of Jamaica. penetración del agua a través de los drenes pluviales Pub: Kingston; Conrad Douglas and Associates; 1995. 44. existentes en el tramo. Se exponen los resultados de Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. los estudios realizados en modelos de laboratorio

193 para determinar los caudales de agua para diferentes alturas de las y se propone para la evacuación parcial ID: 1666 del sobrepaso la construcción de pluviorreceptores Au: Ahmad, Rafi. con sobre elevación de calles o barreras definitivas, Ti: Landslides in Jamaica: extent, significance and incluyendo los muros necesarios en la acera sur del geological zonation. Malecón. Estas obras permitirán la remoción del 64 So: In: Barker, David. ed; McGregor, Duncan F. M. ed. porciento del volúmen de agua que sobrepase el Environment and development in the Caribbean: muro. geographical perspectives. Kingston, The Press Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. (University of the West Indies), 1995. 147-69. Ab: This paper reviews the extent and significance of ID: 1663 landslides in Jamaica and presents an analysis of Au: Gibbs, Tony. landslide phenomena. A geological zonation of Ti: Natural hazards? -yes. natural disaster? -no. landslides is proposed for the purposes of landslide natural hazards in the Caribbean, the loss reduction. construction industry and the economic impact. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Griffith, Mark D. ed.; Persaud, Bishnodat. ed. Economic Policy and the Environment: The ID: 1667 Caribbean Experience. Kingston, UWI Centre for Au: McGregor, Duncan F. M. Environment and Development, 1995. 243-47. Ti: Soil erosion, environmental change and Co: Seminar on Economic Policy and the Environment; development in the Caribbean: a deepening 27, Oct. 1995. crisis. Ab: The paper examines the economic impact of natural So: In: Barker, David. ed; McGregor, Duncan F. M. ed. hazards on the construction industry in the Environment and Development in the Caribbean: Caribbeana. The paper argues that the construction geographical perspectives. Kingston, The Press industry embraces all activities which shape our (University of the West Indies), 1995. 189-208. man-made physical environment. By extension, the Ab: This paper illustrates the present-day context of soil construction industry has an important role to play in erosion in the Caribbean through consideration of mitigating losses due to natural hazards such as studies of soil erosion in Jamaica. The potential earthquakes and hurricanes. It supports the concept influences of climate change on the extent and of a Caribbean Uniform Building Code, which importance of soil erosion, and hence on land would lead to a significant change in the strategies of degradation is discussed, and possible scenarios designers. It also touches on the influence of the outlined. insurance industry on the security of buildings against Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

hurricanes and earthquakes. ID: 1668 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Reading, Alison J; Walsh, Rory P. D. Ti: Tropical cyclone activity within the Caribbean Basin since 1500. ID: 1664 So: In: Barker, David. ed; McGregor, Duncan F. M. ed. Au: Collymore, Jeremy McA. Environment and Development in the Caribbean: Ti: Disaster mitigation and cost-benefit analysis: geographical perspectives. Kingston, The Press conceptual perspectives. (University of the West Indies), 1995. 124-46. So: In: Barker, David. ed; McGregor, Duncan F. M. ed. Ab: This paper examines the physical exposure, reflecting Environment and development in the Caribbean: the magnitude and timing of events, highlighting geographical perspectives. Kingston, The Press changes in cyclone tracks, frequencies and intensities (University of the West Indies), 1995. 111-23. for subregions within the Caribbean Basin. It then Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. attempts tentatively to relate some of the identified changes over the past four centuries to changes in the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. ID: 1665 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Maharaj, RusseLl J. Ti: Evaluating landslide hazard for land use ID: 1669 planning: upper St. Andrew, Jamaica. Au: ITW-Ingeneurberatung GmbH. So: In: Barker, David. ed; McGregor, Duncan F. M. ed. Ti: Environmental impact assessment of a new Environment and development in the Caribbean: sanitary landfill site. geographical perspectives. Kingston, The Press Pub:Castries; CARICOM/GTZ-Environmental Health (University of the West Indies), 1995. 170- 86. Improvement Project; 1995. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. 194 ID: 1670 ID: 1673 Au: Conrad Douglas and Associates. Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Ti: Environmental monitoring of the dredging of Ti: Guidelines for conducting environmental impact Kingston Harbour. assessment. Pub: Kingston; Conrad Douglas and Associates; 1995. Pub: Kingtston; NRCA; 1995. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.

ID: 1671 ID: 1674 Au: University of the West Indies. Centre for Nuclear Au: Coke, Michelle. Sciences Ti: Integrated coastal zone management seminar: Ti: Geochemical atlas of Jamaica. report on seminar. Pub: Kingston; Centre for Nuclear Sciences; 1995. 82. Pub: Kingston; NRCA; 1995. 102. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority; Co: NRCA Integrated Coastal Zone Management UWI, Mona, Science Library. Seminar; Kingston, 16, Dec. 1994. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. ID: 1672 Au: Maharaj, Russell J. ID: 1675 Ti: The performance of some coastal engineering Ti: Mangrove and coastal wetlands protection. structures for shore stabilization and coastal So: Kingston; Jamaica.Natural Resources Conservation defense in Trinidad, W.I. Authority. Coastal Zone Management Division; 1995. So: In: Maud, Julian G. ed. Geohazards and engineering 46. geology (International Hazard Assessment, Mitigation Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.

and Remediation): Proceedings. London, Geological ID: 1676 Society of London, 1995. 101-10. Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Co: 31st Annual Conference; Coventry University, 10-14, Ti: Monthly weather summary (part A 1995). Sept. 1995. Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteological Institute; 1995. Ab: Coastal erosion in Trinidad has caused the loss of Lo: UWI, Science Library. land and subsequent damage to many coastal engineering structures. Damage includes roadway ID: 1677 failures, loss of agricultural land, coastal flooding and Au: Anon. damage to property. In many areas, structural Ti: National guide for disaster preparedness. engineering measures have been implemented to Pub: Castries; ISIS; 1995. prevent these events from recurring. An example of Lo: St. Lucia, Hunter J. Francois Library. erosion and structural measures used in a segment of rapidly eroding coastline along the east coast of the ID: 1678 island is presented. The site is part of a coastal Au: Phillip-Jordan, Cheryl. section of the largest wetland on the island, the Ti: Natural hazard at Portmore, Jamaica: historical Nariva Swamp, through which drains the largest river analysis and vulerability. system, the Nariva River. Structural measures used Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; 1995. 361. include steel sheet piled revetment, reinforced steel Th: Submitted to University of the West Indies (Mona) concrete retaining walls, gabion basket retaining presented for the degree M.Sc. structures, boulder splash aprons, a steel reinforced Lo: UWI, Mona, Main Library. concrete pile cluster, concrete columns and blocks and boulder rip-rap. All these show signs of structural ID: 1679 failure, some of which have already collapsed. Au: Halcrow & Partners Ltd. Failures include spalling and cracking of concrete; Ti: New sanitary landfill for St. Lucia: report on site rebar corrosion; steel pile corrosion; foundation investigation at Deglos and Choc. settlement under retaining walls and structures, with Pub:Castries; Ministry of Planning development and subsequent surfical cracking; basal foundation Environment, Government of St. Lucia; 1995. sediment scour and undermining; wave and fluvial Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. induced removal of rip-rap and splash apron boulders and seasonal burial and sedimentation of the splash ID: 1680 apron and concrete pile cluster. Based on this study, Au: Schwab, Arnold. ed. it appears that construction-induced high energy Ti: Pesticides in tropical agriculture: hazards and conditions and oversights in design and construction alternatives. were partly responsible for failures. Pub: Weikersheim; Margraf; 1995. 281. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 195 ID: 1681 the climatic events in time, it should be possible to Au: Spring, Anita. determine if a causal relationship exists and, if so, a Ti: Project on human activities and environmental set of parameters, which can be used as statistical contaminants in the lower Black River Morass: predictors, will be sought. This paper will give results final report, social and policy section. of preliminary runs. So: Miami; s.n; 1995. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.

ID: 1682 ID: 1686 Au: Jamaica. Underground Water Authority. Au: Miller, David J; Donovan, Stephen K. Ti: Rio Cobre flood plain mapping: Gordon Pen to Ti: Late Pleistocene rocky shoreline Hunts Bay Reach. palaeoenvironments of the North Coast of Pub: Kingston; United Nations Development Programme; Jamaica. 1995. 20. So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. natural environment - preservation and exploration:proceedings. Kingston, University of the West Indies. Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1995. p.6 ID: 1683 Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Au: Organization of American States. U.W.I. (Mona); Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. Ti: Storm hazard assessment for Montego Bay, Ab: Ancient rock shores (palaeorupicosts) are poorly Jamaica. known from the rock record, even though up to 80 Pub: s.l; s.n; 1995. 57. percent of modern coastlines are estimated to be Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. rocky. Only a few examples of palaeorupicosts have been reported from the Antillean region, despite the relative importance of coastlines and coastal ID: 1684 environments for small islands. However, ancient Au: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. rocky shores are probably well represented in the Ti: The natural environment - preservation and region, but have yet to receive adequate exploration: proceedings. documentation. The present study is a description Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies. Faculty of and interpretation of selected localities of ancient Natural Sciences; 1995. 52. rocky, karstic shores of late Quaternary age exposed Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural along the north coast of Jamaica, with the intention Sciences,U.W.I.(Mona); Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. of documenting diverse geomorphic features in areas Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. that are currently being developed and are thus under threat of destruction. The palaeorupicosts we describe occur: (a) at the contact between the ID: 1685 Hopegate and Falmouth formations; and (b) in the Au: Amarakoon, A; Chen, A. A; Lodenquai, J; McTavish, Hopegate and Falmouth formations, that is, formed J; Ray, A; Taylor M. after deposition of the latter. The Hopegate Ti: Exploring El Nino and flood conditions in formation is late Pliocene in age (circa 2 Ma) and is Jamaica. unconformably overlain by the last interglacial So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The (Sangamonian) Falmouth Formation (circa 13,000 yr natural environment - preservation and b.p.). Both formations are raised reef deposits, but exploration:proceedings. Kingston, University of the are easily differentiated on the basis of their West Indies. Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1995. contrasting modes of lithification. Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Sciences,U.W.I.(Mona); Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. Ab: A significant correlation has been established between ID: 1687 the occurrence of El Nino events and flood Au: Phillip-Jordan, Cheryl. conditions in the month of May in Jamaica. An Ti: The environmental geology of Portmore. investigation is being carried out to see if there is a So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The physical relationship between the two events. The natural environment - preservation and primary tool for the investigation is an atmospheric exploration:proceedings. Kingston, University of the general circulation model provided by the Center for West Indies. Faculty of Natural Science, 1995. 4. Ocean, Land Atmospheric studies and run on the Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, convex mini-super computer. By simulating the U.W.I.(Mona); Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. general circulation of the atmosphere and following 196 Ab: Since the late 1960's, Portmore has grown from a deposits dated at 650070 B.P. (Bertrand, 1983) collection of small agricultural and fishing based Surface mining of the sands at Hodges began on a villages to a dense urban settlement. This rapid small scale in 1962, and continued until 1990 when growth has also meant rapid environmental changes. operations were shifted to the nearby Luana deposit. The relationship between man and the environment The principal use of the sand is in the glass bottle has necessarily changed, with each affecting the other. industry where it is sold to West Indies Glass The increasing human population means increased Company, a Kingston-based operation. The mining generation of sewerage, solid waste, pollutants and company anticipates that once exploitation of sand water demand. Other problems focus on coastal on the west side of Black River is completed, the erosion and the placing of more persons at risk from washing plant and its other operations will have to be natural hazards. The problems of treatment and located to the east in the more densely populated disposal of sewerage are quite obvious in the areas of Frenchman and Punches. However, Portmore area, as are the inadequacies of solid waste relocation may prove to be too expensive an exercise disposal. Pollution of land, air and water occurs from for the mining company leaving it with two options, unsightly garbage dumps, dust, exhaust fumes, either to terminate its operations, and thus import agricultural pesticides and untreated sewerage. Water sand into Jamaica or explore for possible subsurface is supplied from both surface and groundwater; the deposits in less populated areas west of the Black latter is particularly sensitive to periods of drought. River nearer the plant site. Our study was undertaken Quarrying activity in the area has provided a source to determine the origin and source of the silica sands of construction material since the 18th century. by examining the petrography and mineralogy of the Visual intrusions caused by the scars on the slope of sands and the surface texture of the quartz grains that the Port Henderson Hill are visible from all points predominate in the sands. The methods applied were north of the hill. Technological advances have optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray enabled man to increasingly change his environment, diffractometry. and to greatly influence, both positively and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. negatively, the natural processes that create hazards of floods, hurricanes and earthquakes. The natural ID: 1689 process of coastal erosion also maintains a close Au: Green, Sean; Webber, Mona K. relationship with man's activities and has caused Ti: A survey of the solid waste pollution in the Port problems in the Port Henderson area. With Royal mangroves, Kingston Harbour, Jamaica continuing development of the area, the inefficiencies So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The of the activated sludge sewerage treatment plants Natural Environment-Preservation and Exploitation: have been realised and an alternate method of aerobic proceedings. Kingston, University of the West Indies. treatment ponds is being used. With passing time the Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1995. 42 efficiency of this method will be tested. Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Sciences; Responsibility for the collection and disposal of Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. garbage needs to be given to a single authority instead Ab: The paper intends to highlight the problems in a small of the present situation where communities make but valuable area of Kingston Harbour, the Port their own arrangements or have none at all. Royal mangroves. The focus is on the distribution Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and levels of floatable solid waste in the mangroves with an attempt to determine possible sources of the ID: 1688 solid waste. The primary objective of this study was Au: Jackson, Trevor A; West-Thomas, Jennifer. therefore to determine the quantities and distribution Ti: The silica sands of Black River: past, present and of domestic solid waste in the Port Royal mangroves. future. 10 sites were sampled on four occasions between So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The November 1993 and January 1994 to give an natural environment - preservation and exploration: indication of the spatial and temporal variation in the proceedings. Mona, University of the West Indies. quantities and types of solid waste deposited in the Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1995. mangroves. The results indicate that there was a very Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, significant spatial variation in the distribution of solid U.W.I. (Mona); Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995.Ab: The waste in the mangroves, however, this was not silica sands located on the plains of Black River are influenced by the distance away from the point unique in that it is the only area in Jamaica where sources which were various gullies and rivers. The there are commercial quantities of such sand. These predominant material seen as waste was made of sands occur as small isolated exposures ranging in plastic and the category of non-mangrove wood was area from 1 hectare to 120 hectares. The sands second with respect to abundance. Generally, the overlie Pleistocene reefal limestones and underlie peat 197 solid waste seen in all categories was predominantly decrease in abundance of free-living algae, between made up of small or medium sized materials. these sites. At each, six small samples were collected Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. from specimens of the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis. They were transported, ID: 1690 frozen, to the Dept. of Geology at McMaster Au: Baptiste, Judit. University. Stable isotope abundance ratios were Ti: Hydrogeologic map of the lower Yallahs Basin determined as follows: for nitrogen in the coral So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The tissues, and for carbon and oxygen in the calcium Natural Environment-Preservation and Exploitation. carbonate skeletons. Corals from the four sites had Kingston, University of the West Indies. Faculty of significantly different levels of 15N in their tissues: Natural Sciences, 1995. 37-8. enriched inshore, progressively less offshore. Skeletal Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Sciences; 13C values were close to zero. Nitrogen isotope Kingston, Mar. 7-9, 1995. ratios in the Jamaican terrestrial and marine Ab: Documentation and graphic presentation of the environment are not yet known, so one cannot draw hydrogeological data collected by the research carried firm conclusions from these data. To the extent that out for the Ph.D. thesis, "Hydrogeological Study of corals obtain their nitrogen in particulate form (by the Lower Yallahs Basin, St. Thomas, Jamaica, W.I." particle capture) or in solution (by direct uptake), the to make it available for the scientific public. This inshore/offshore gradient in the abundance of 15N could be best carried out by producing the in their tissues may reflect an input of enriched hydrogeologic map of the investigated region. reliance, in the clearer waters offshore, on particulate Hydrogeologic features, characteristics and properties and dissolved nitrogen, with relatively more input of of any investigated region can be best summarised by nitrogen fixed by symbiotic bacteria (Shashar et al., the presentation of its hydrogeologic map. 1994), which would have 15N values closer to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. atmospheric (zero enrichment). Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. ID: 1691 Au: Mendes, J. M; Risk, M. J; Schwarcz, H. P; Woodley, ID: 1692 Jeremy D. Au: Reid, Carla W. L; Devi Prasad, P. V. Ti: Stable isotopes of nitrogen as measures of Ti: The performance of an integrated wastewater marine pollution: a preliminary assay of coral treatment system under Jamaican conditions. tissues from Kingston Harbour to the Pedro So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The Cays. Natural Environment - Preservation and So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The Exploitation: proceedings. Kingston, University of Natural Environment - Preservation and the West Indies. Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1995. Exploitation: proceedings. Kingston, University of 41 the West Indies. Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1995. Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Sciences; 46 Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. Co: 2nd Conference of Faculty of Natural Sciences; Ab: The concept of the use of an integrated wastewater Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. treatment system, comprising large stabilisation Ab: The impact of polluted waters issuing from Kingston ponds and constructed wetlands to treat wastewater, Harbour and neighbouring sources was studied by is very new in the Caribbean. The problems arising the Caribbean Coastal Management Study out of insufficient wastewater treatment resulting in (Goodbody, 1989). Elevated levels of nitrogen and serious pollution and other undesired effects is well phosphorus species were detected in the water known. Most traditional treatment systems are very column to the south and west of the Harbour expensive to operate both in financial and human entrance, whence they were carried by the estuarine terms. In Jamaica, a combination of stabilization outflow and the westward flowing Caribbean current. ponds and constructed wetlands has been built to These inorganic nutrients apparently resulted in treat wastewater from a new housing scheme just blooms of plankton and of benthic algae along the west of Kingston and is the first of its kind in Hellshire coast, where coral reefs were found to be Jamaica. This new housing project, Greater severely degraded. Degradation was less in the Port Portmore, has been designed to accommodate 17,000 Royal Cays to the south and east of the Harbour. In houses with an estimated population of about 70,000 the present study, four coral communities were - 85,000 persons. The stabilization is separated from selected along an apparent gradient of pollution: at the houses by a buffer zone of 122m. They were built Harbour Shoal, Drunkenman's Cay, Southeast Cay, to accommodate ultimately about 16 million liters of and Middle Cay on the . There was a wastewater per day and have a retention time of l26 progressive increase in water transparency, and a days. The stabilisation ponds have been functioning 198 for one and half years and the wetlands are just being ID: 1694 constructed. The present paper reports on the results Au: Sahota, John T. S. obtained from the monitoring of two series of ponds Ti: Environmental impact assessments: some [each series containing two facultative ponds and two principles and issues relating to the Bahamas. maturation ponds] over a period of one year. The So: Bahamas Journal of Science; 1(2):13-6, Feb.1994. ponds were monitored fortnightly and samples were Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. collected at five points, viz. the influent coming into pond 1 from the pumping station and through the ID: 1695 grit chamber, effluent from pond 1 to 1, 2 to 3, 3 to 4 Au: Carew, James L; Mylroie, John E. and the final effluent. Parameters monitored were Ti: Geology of the Bahamas. pH, BOD5, ammonia, nitrates, phosphates and So: Bahamas Journal of Science; 2(3):2-16, Jun.1995. suspended solids. All the methods employed were Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. adopted from Adams [1991]. Results have shown that there is a reduction in solid content, nutrient levels ID: 1696 and BOD5. For the year 1993, there was 41 percent Au: Watts, David. reduction in BOD5 through the pond system. The Ti: Environmental degradation, the water resource effluent shows that phosphates, nitrates and and sustainable development in the Eastern ammonia were reduced to lmg/L each. These results Caribbean. show the usefulness of large pond systems for So: Caribbean Geography; 6(1):2-15, Mar.1995. wastewater treatment and pollution control under the Co: Issues in Caribbean Sustainable Development Part 2; Jamaican environmental conditions. San Francisco, Mar./Apr.1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: This paper considers the link between increasing environmental degradation and the continued ID: 1693 diminution in the water resource of many Caribbean Au: Robinson, Dwight E; Mansingh, Ajai; Dasgupta, islands. The climatic influences on developments are Tara. considered in relation to crop growth and crop Ti: Management of pesticide residues in Jamaica: failures, and in relation to seasonal variations in run-off and leaching of endosulfan in weeded precipitation and periodic drought. The effects of and unweeded slopes of the Blue Mountains. global warming on sustainable development within So: In: Robinson, Ralph. ed; Reichgelt, Han. ed. The these territories are further considered. The paper natural environment - preservation and exploration: also considers the problem of soil loss and soil proceedings. Kingston, University of the West Indies. degradation. The subsequent lowering of the water Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1995. 28-9. table is considered in relation to the rising overall Co: 2nd Conference of the Faculty of Natural Sciences; demand for water. Kingston, 7-9, Mar. 1995. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Endosulfan is used extensively for the control of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari in ID: 1697 coffee plantations in the Blue Mountain watersheds. Au: Conway, Dennis; Lorah, Paul. The residues eventually run-off to rivers and sea coast Ti: Environmental protection policies in Caribbean contaminating sediment, water and aquatic fauna small islands: some St. Lucian examples. (Mansingh, 1993); Mansingh et al, 1994;Mansingh So: Caribbean Geography; 6(1):16-27, Mar.1995. and Wilson, 1995). The residues in fishes and shrimp Co: Issues in Caribbean Sustainable Development Part 2; are often beyond their tolerance levels (Mansingh and San Francisco, Mar./Apr.1994. Robinson, 1994). The vertical leaching and run-off of Ab: This examination of the contemporary situation in St. endosulfan residues at slopes of 23o and 38o, from a Lucia seeks to uncover the challenges posed by the Blue Mountain plantation with Cuffy Gully Gravelly confrontation of development and environmental Sandy Loam soil, was studied in weeded and conservation goals, when dealing with issues of unweeded plots with the aim of utilizing weeds for Coastal Zone Management. Firstly, a policy-guiding the management of residues and erosion of residue- framework is introduced as a mediating mechanism adsorbed soil particles. in an acceptable narrative form in order to brief Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. donor-agencies like the USAID on an acceptable

199 model of institutional mechanisms likely to meet the ID: 1700 goals of sustainable development and environmental Au: Pan American Health Organization. conservation in small islands. The narrated model Ti: ICAROS- roving seminar meets in Dominica. advocate 'stake-holder, self management 'and 'co- So: Disasters; (Supplement):4, Apr. 1995. management' principles as its basis. To substantiate Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and learn from particular local grassroot initiatives, the genesis and institutional maturing of three ID: 1701 interrelated recent co-management projects are Au: Pan American Health Organization. examined, where local, national and international Ti: Independent study course on disaster conditions appears to be making progress towards management available on the internet. the successful implementation of environmental So: Disasters (Supplement) 4, Apr. 1995. programmes and conservation efforts in the coastal Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. zones of St. Lucia. The successful ingredients so identified are expected to serve as primary inputs to the larger project's policy-guiding framework and ID: 1702 resultant brief. At the same time, caution needs to be Au: Pan American Health Organization. expressed due to the lack of awareness of the gravity Ti: Jamaica cabinets budget three million dollars for of environmental issues at political and local levels. health disaster program. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Disasters; (Supplement):3, 4, Apr. 1995. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1698 ID: 1703 Au: Lorah, Paul. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Unsustainable path: tourism's vulnerability to Ti: Preparing for aviation emergencies in the environmental decline in Antigua. Caribbean. So: Caribbean Geography; 6(1):28-39, Mar.1995. So: Disasters; (62):4, Apr. 1995. Co: Issues in Caribbean Sustainable Development Part 2; Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. San Francisco, Mar./Apr.1994. Ab: In Antigua, environmental degradation caused by colonial plantation agriculture is currently exacerbated ID: 1704 by short-sighted development goals and Au: Pan American Health Organization. governmental mismanagement. The result is a highly Ti: Some of the pitfalls for internet users in the eroded natural resource base and increasing Americas. economic vulnerability. Just as a colonial legacy of So: Disasters (Supplement) 1, Apr. 1995. environmental hastened the collapse of agricultural Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. sector, current degradation of Antigua's coastal zones threatens tourism. Policies attempting to address this ID: 1705 economic vulnerability have largely ignored Au: Pan American Health Organization. environmental conservation. Instead, they focus on Ti: Survey of public awareness of Disasters. strengthening the economy by promoting offshore So: Disasters; (Supplement):1, Apr. 1995. banking and light manufacturing. This type of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. economic diversification is necessary, but not sufficient. Recent growth in banking and ID: 1706 manufacturing has stagnated, and these sectors Au: Pan American Health Organization. should not be counted on to offset potential declines Ti: Update: Caribbean disaster mitigation project. in tourism revenues caused by coastal degradation. In So: Disasters; (Supplement):2, 4, Apr. 1995. the absence of strong effort to protect and improve Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the coastal and marine environment, Antigua in on an unsustainable development path. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1707 Au: Vidal Mendez, Eugenio. ID: 1699 Ti: Influencia del carso de la Sierra Guaso en la Au: Pan American Health Organization. formación de las avenidas que afectan a la Ti: Disaster mitigation for medium-sized buildings ciudad de Guantánamo. in the Caribbean. Pub: Guantánamo; s.n; 1995. 55. So: Disasters; (Supplement):2, Apr. 1995. Ab: Analiza las particularidades del funcionamiento Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. hidronámico del carso de la Sierra de Guaso y de su 200 influencia en la formación de los gastos máximos ID: 1714 estraordinarios que provocan serias afectaciones a la Au: Pan American Health Organization. ciudad de Guantánamo. Combina varios métodos de Ti: ECHO's pilots projects in disaster preparedness. investigaciones propias de las ciencias hidrológicas e So: Disasters; (64):3, Oct. 1995. hidrogeológicas. Explica el mecanismo mediante el Pr: European Community Humanitarian Office. Disaster cual las descargas subterráneas máximas del carso en Preparedness. relación directa con las precipitaciones atmosféricas Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. intensas, el aseguramiento máximo superficial y otros factores importantes concurren en un instante de tiempo dado, para producir las inundaciones que ID: 1715 afectan a la ciudad. Au: Gaudian, Gudrun; Medley, Paul. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Ti: Evaluation of diver carrying capacity and implications for reef management in the Turks & Caicos Islands. ID: 1708 So: Bahamas Journal of Science; 3(1):9-14, Oct. 1995. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: A new phase for SUMA: beyond the inventory. So: Disasters; (63):1+ Jul. 1995. Pr: Pan American Health Organization; World Health ID: 1716 Organization. Supply Management Project SUMA. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Hurricane season '95... relearning lessons. So: Disasters; (64):5, Oct. 1995. ID: 1709 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Bridging the gap between two cultures: military and humanitarian. ID: 1717 So: Disasters; (64):1+, Oct. 1995. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: SUMA mobilized after hurricane Luis. So: Disasters; (64):2, Oct. 1995. ID: 1710 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Caribbean tradewinds 1995. So: Disasters; (63):4, Jul. 1995. ID: 1718 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Gupta, Harsh K. Ti: A report on the commonwealth Science Council ID: 1711 sponsored visit of Dr. H. K. Gupta to Jamaica, Au: Pan American Health Organization. Trinidad and Barbados during August, 1995 in Ti: Central America: emergency response to dengue. connection with earthquake hazard assessment So: Disasters; (64):4, Oct. 1995. and mitigation project. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: National Geophysical Research Institute; Oct. 1995. 85 ID: 1712 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster and Emergency Au: Pan American Health Organization. Management. Ti: Cost of disaster mitigation measures in hospitals. So: Disasters; (63):2, Jul. 1995. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1719 Au: Mattioli, Glen S; Jansma, Pamela E; Jaramillo, Lorna; Smith, Alan L. ID: 1713 Ti: A desktop image processing and Au: Pan American Health Organization. photogrammetric method for rapid volcanic Ti: Cuba: experts looks at seismic risk. hazard mapping: application to air-photo So: Disasters; (63):4-5, Jul. 1995. interpretation of Mount Pelee, Martinique. Co: Seismic risk; Santiago de Cuba, Jun.19-22,1995. So: Bulletin of Volcanology; 58(5):401-10, Dec. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: A desktop image processing and photogrammetric method was developed for digitizing black-and-white aerial photographs. The technique was applied to airborne optical images of Mt. Pelee, Martinique, a historically active volcano in the tropical Lesser 201 Antilles island arc, to evaluate its utility for rapid ID: 1722 geologic mapping and hazard assessment in vegetated Au: Green, Sean; Webber, Mona K. areas. Ti: A survey of the solid waste pollution in the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Kingston Harbour mangroves, near Port Royal, Jamaica. ID: 1720 So: Caribbean Marine Studies: The Journal of the Au: Gayle, Michael. Institute of Marine Affairs; 5:14-22, 1996. Ti: A report on the January 13, 1993 earthquake and Ab: The objective of this study was to determine the the insurance industry. quantities and distribution of domestic solid waste in So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30:55-6, the Port Royal mangroves. Ten sites were sampled on 1996. four occasions in an attempt to give an indication of Ab: As a result of the January 13, 1993 earthquake, 7871 the spatial and temporal variation of the solid waste claims reporting losses of $152 million were made. in the mangroves. There was a very significant spatial Most of these were from the Corporation of variation in the distribution of the solid waste: Kingston and St. Andrew. Due to the 2 percent however, this was not influenced by the distance excess, the Conditions of Average Claus which were away from the point sources (gullies and rivers which introduced after Hurricane Gilbert in 1988, many enter Kingston Harbour) or rainfall. The claims will result in no payment to the insured. The predominant material seen as waste was made of occurrence of the earthquake and the attendants plastic, the category of non-mangrove wood was claims reported did not of themselves contribute to second with respect to abundance. Generally, the further increases in local insurance rates. solid waste seen in all categories was predominantly Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. made up of small or medium-sized materials (0.15 m - 1 m). The data indicate that the total quantities of ID: 1721 solid waste transported into the mangroves are Au: Adams, Alfrico D. related to the total rainfall in the Kingston Ti: A review of the effects of the January 13, 1993 metropolitan area. earthquake and building code provisions. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30:41-8, 1996. Ab: In Jamaica single-storey and two-storey are usually ID: 1723 non-engineered structures. These suffered minor Au: Gumbricht, Thomas. cracks in response to the January 13, 1993 Ti: Application of GIS in training for environmental earthquake. Generally, structures of two or more management. storeys or with long spans or complex structural So: Journal of Environmental Management; 46(1):17-30, arrangements usually benefit from engineering design Jan. 1996. services. Percentage-wise few of these structures were Ab: The multitude of environmental problems in a world damaged in the earthquake. The fact that much of the of dynamic and unpredictable natural systems call for observed cracking in buildings occurred in non- new methods that make use of recent development in structural masonry walls, led to recommendations the digital integration of human reasoning, data and that partition in multistorey buildings should be dynamic models. A reported course in Natural lightweight walls instead, and in lower buildings, all Resources Management is based on holistic masonry walls could be load-bearing. Structural perception, systems dynamics and cybernetics, and engineers are guided by two building codes: The uses geo-informatics as vehicles in projects on National Building Code, Jamaica (1983), which eutrophication, acidification, ecological settlings, and recommends use of the latest version of the Landsat-TM multispectral classification. The projects Structural Engineers Association of California are efficient, but time consuming, tools for teaching Building Code (SEAOC) and, the Caribbean Uniform environmental management. Student differences in Building Code (1985), which in the absence of cognisance are great, and most had problems reliable information of damaging Jamaican coupling different models and data, theory and earthquakes recommends use of the zone factor, Z= problem solving. Improved multimedia interfaces 0.75 (equivalent to an acceleration of 0.3g on rock). could be a temporary solution. Based on the information that the focus of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. earthquake was on land and close to populated areas, a recommendation was made that the zone factor be reviewed, possibly to 0.4g. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

202 ID: 1724 succession that summarize the major processes and Au: Gavidia, Jorge. pathways of ecosystem development and plant Ti: Disaster mitigation through appropriate plans succession on landslides. Additional work is needed and codes: case histories from the Caribbean and to characterize interactions between spatially Latin America. heterogeneous zones, controls over soil development, So: Stop Disasters; 28(2):11, 1996. impacts of key plant species, and the role of animals Ab: Caribbean countries, small islands and continental on Caribbean landslides. states, are subject to the regular occurrence of natural Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. disasters: hurricanes, earthquakes, and certain countries volcanic eruptions. Rapid economic and social development in most of the Caribbean ID: 1727 countries has been accompanied by a growing stock Au: Chiodini, G; Cioni, R; Frullani, A; Guidi, M; Marini, of housing and infrastructure services, as well as by a L; Prati, F; Raco, B. host of installation, and facilities necessary to support Ti: Fluid geochemistry of Montserrat Island, West economic activities mainly in tourism. This has Indies. contributed to the increase exposure of Caribbean So: Bulletin of Volcanology; 58(5):380-92, Dec. 1996. settlements to the effects of natural hazards. Ab: Two geochemical surveys carried out in March 1991 Housing, infrastructure, and other installations are and September 1992 revealed the existence of a often not located, designed or constructed taking into hydrothermal system in the southern portion of account principles from the mitigation of such Montserrat Island, below Soufriere Hills Volcano. hazards. This conclusion is supported by the presence of:(a) Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the thermal springs of Plymouth which are fed by deep Na-Cl waters (C1 concentration~25000 mg/kg. temperature ca 250oC) mixed with shallow steam- ID: 1725 heated waters; (b) the four fumarolic fields of Au: Palm, Elina; Vrolijks, Luc. Galway's Soufriere, Gages Upper Soufriere, Gages Ti: Disaster reduction, urbanization and the Lower Soufriere, and Tar River Soufriere, where acid environment. to neutral, steam-heated waters are present together So: Stop Disasters; 27(1):4-5, 1996. with several fumarolic vents, discharging vapors Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. formed through boiling of hydrothermal aqueous solutions. Involvement of magmatic fluids in the recharge of the hydrothermal aquifers is suggested by: ID: 1726 (a) the high 3He/4He ratios of fumarolic fluids i.e., Au: Walker, Lawrence R; Zarin, Daniel J; Fetcher, Ned; 8.2 R. at Galway's Soufriere and 5.9R.at Gages Lower Myster, Randall W; Johnson, Arthur H. Soufriere; (b) the &D and &18O values of Na- Ti: Ecosystem development and plant succession on C1thermal springs and steam condensates, indicating landslides in the Caribbean. the involvement of arc-type magmatic water in the So: Biotropica; 28(4a):566-76, Dec. 1996. formation of deep geothermal liquids; and (c) the Ab: Landslides are common in mountainous regions of CH4/CO2 ratios of fumarolic fluids, which are lower the Caribbean and are triggered by heavy rains and than expected for equilibrium with the Fe0-Fe01.5 earthquakes, and often occur in association with hydrothermal rock buffer, but being shifted towards human disturbances (e.g. roads). Spatially the S02-H2S magmatic gas buffer. heterogeneous removal of both substrate and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. vegetation is responsible for a variety of patterns of ecosystem development and plant succession trajectories within Caribbean landslides. Soil nutrient ID: 1728 pools in exposed mineral soils reach levels Au: Masure, Philippe. comparable to mature forest soils within 55 yr but Ti: GEMITIS network among cities in the soil organic matter recovers more slowly. Plant Caribbean. colonization of landslides depends on the availability So: Stop Disasters; 28(2):12, 1996. of propagules and suitable sites for germination, soil Ab: The Caribbean Basin is subjected to the most violent stability, and the presence of residual or newly natural phenomena. The GEMITIS (a word of Greek deposited soil organic matter and associated origin meaning "civilized land") program proposes nutrients. Once initial colonization occurs, the rate French cooperation in risk management in urban and trajectory of plant succession on landslides is planning and disaster prevention. strongly affected by plant/plant interactions. We Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. present two conceptual models of landslide

203 ID: 1729 significant modification of the fast-moving cloud- Au: Schumacher, Mary; Hoagland, Porter; Gaines, Arthur. system behaviour on the time-scale of about one day. Ti: Land-based marine pollution in the Caribbean: The experimental set-up was similar to that used by incentives and prospects for an effective regional Sui et al. The demonstrated episodic convective protocol. activity and the fundamental role of organised deep So: Marine Policy; 20(2):99-121, Mar. 1996. convection by and large agree with their analysis. Ab: This article reports some results of a study to However, despite many similarities, the results for the enhance the effectiveness of a prospective protocol mean thermodynamic statistical equilibrium are on land-based marine pollution (LBMP) in the Wider dramatically different: a warm and humid regime, as Caribbean Region (WCR), which is under opposed to the cold and dry regime of Sui et al. negotiation. We argue that the environmental, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. economic, and institutional diversity of the region as a whole suggests an incremental approach to ID: 1731 international resolution of LBMP problems, one that Au: McFarlene, Neville. builds upon successful arrangements among States Ti: Observation of the effects of the January 13, 1993 that have appropriate incentives for solving earthquake on the Jamaica Public Service transboundary or common pollution problems. We Company (electric utility). report on two approaches to the identification of So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30:51-4, commonalties and complementarities that can serve 1996. as the basis for subregional collaborations and Ab: It was estimated that the Jamaica Public Service exchanges. First, we consider the relative identities of Company Limited sustained damage to their facilities, WCR States as polluters and pollutees within amounting to $4.65 million, as a result of the January subregional groupings already designated by a joint 13, 1993 earthquake. The types of damages varied UNEP-IOC program. The analysis yields several from minor cracks in Customer Service offices to illustrative examples of key match-ups among source, power generating system failures, which resulted in stakeholder and facilitator States within and across power outages in a few areas. The company put its subregions. Second, we develop a rating system that Emergency Response Plan into effect and in so reflects the size and direction of a State's economic doing, activated its Emergency Operations Centre incentive to control LBMP and its economic and System Control and conducted rapid damage institutional capacity to do so. The results are useful assessments, Electricity was restored to affected areas for predicting which States are the most likely to within approximately 38 minutes. engage in sustained and effective action to control Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. LBMP and the general categories of assistance or special inducements that the other States are likely to ID: 1732 need in order to participate successfully. Au: Wilson, Lauriston. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Observations on the effect of the January 1993 earthquake on educational institutions in ID: 1730 Jamaica. Au: Grabowski, Wojciech W; Moncrieff, Mitchell W; So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30:49- Kiehl, Jeffrey T. 50, 1996. Ti: Long-term behaviour of precipitating tropical Ab: The January 13, 1993 earthquake was a test of the cloud systems: a numerical study. structural integrity of Jamaica's schools which vary So: Quarterly Journal of the Meteorological Society; considerably in age and design. Damage reports came 122(533): 1019-42, Jul. 1996 Part A. from approximately 100 schools, mainly in Kingston, Ab: Results of a 24-day, two dimensional integration of St. Andrew, Portland, St. Thomas and St. Catherine, tropical cloud systems forced by large-scale ascent, parishes of Eastern Jamaica. The Ministry of surface luxes and radiation in a typical sheared Education and Culture in collaboration with the tropical environment are presented. A non- Ministry of Construction examined the affected hydrostatic, cloud-resolving numerical model buildings. Damage by way of cracks to non-load containing sophisticated microphysical bearing walls, separation of walls and columns, parametrizations as well as turbulence, surface flux opened construction joints and shifted door frames, and short/long-wave radiative representations were were identified. In no case was the structural integrity used. A predominant cloud-system hierarchy was of the building so threatened that schools had to be identified; fast westward-moving mesoscale closed. A very rough estimate of repairs was set at convective systems, producing extensive cirrus anvils $10 million. The Ministry also found that there was a and a strong radiative effect; and slow-moving need to train school personnel in earthquake regions of enhanced precipitation, causing a response. The Office of Disaster Preparedness and 204 Emergency Management has already developed a review provided a good overview of the effects of the programme which will be introduced in teacher tremor on buildings and utilities. The most significant training colleges. information to emerge, however, was the evidence Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. that on-land faults in Jamaica can generate a large earthquake. The implications of this are considerable and should form the basis of further discussion ID: 1733 among emergency managers, the professional Au: Friends of the sea. societies and the planning authorities. This paper Ti: Ocho Rios Marine Park not forgotten! summarizes the lessons learnt from the earthquake So: Sea Views; (5):1, 1996. based on papers presented at the review meeting, and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. makes recommendation for strengthening areas of weakness. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1734 Au: Harris, Norman H. ID: 1737 Ti: Preliminary observation on ground response and Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. performance of non-engineered buildings: the Ti: Seismology of the January 1993 earthquake. January 13, 1993 earthquake. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30:1-14, So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30: 33- 1996. 40, 1996. Ab: A moderate earthquake with duration magnitude Ab: On January 13, 1993 an earthquake of magnitude 5.4 (MD) 5.4 and Modified Mercalli intensity (MM) 7 caused damage mainly in the eastern section of the occurred near Kingston, Jamaica, at 12:11 p.m. (EST) island. Landslides were widespread in the hilly terrain on January 13, 1993. The main shocks were located of St. Andrew and Portland causing damage to near to Silver Hill Peak, Portland. The hypocentres of roadways and affecting quarry slopes. Ground cracks 32 after shocks were determined and these defined a were observed on the approach of the causeway nearly vertical fault plane with a rapture length of bridge and also on the ground pavements in the Jacks nearly 12km in a SW-NE direction. The depth of the Hill area. In Barbican and August Town, St Andrew, main shock and aftershocks were between 4.2 to 18.4 the ground settled under earthquake loading in areas kilometers, indicating that no surface break took located on the edge of gully courses. Buildings, place. A brief report of the performance and the particularly non-engineered residential structures condition of the Jamaica Seismograph Network at the showed damage ranging from non-structural to time of the earthquake are also given. The earthquake severe structural damage. Within the area of reported indicated that land-based faults in Jamaica could damage, concrete reinforced buildings showed better produce events with damaging intensities, whereas structural performance than buildings made of heretofore, damaging earthquakes were perceived to unreinforced concrete, wattle and daub, or structures have offshore origins. made of concrete-nog timber frame construction. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1738 Au: Robinson, Edward; Ahmad, Rafi; Phillip-Jordan, ID: 1735 Cheryl; Armstrong, Michael. Au: Mutomaa, Narumo R. Ti: The Burlington landslide, mouth of the Rio Ti: Psycho-social caretaking model for the crisis Grande, Jamaica: example of an ancient slide management. dam. So: Stop Disasters; 27(1):16-7, 1996. So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 31:37- Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 42, 1996. Ab: There are several historical records of landslides that ID: 1736 have blocked river courses in Jamaica. Some of these Au: Carby, Barbara E. are only vaguely located geographically. Here we Ti: Review of the January 13 earthquake: lessons outline the main features of a large, previously learnt and recommendations. unrecognized landslide at Burlington, near the So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30 57-9, mouth of the . Recognition of this feature 1996. suggests that a systematic examination of geomorphic Ab: The earthquake of January 13 was the largest to affect evidence in the river valleys of eastern Jamaica will Jamaica since 1957. It was important, therefore, that lead to the identification of additional ancient, slope as much information as possible be recorded from failures that may have formed landslide dams in the earthquake. The Geological Society of Jamaica's prehistoric and historic times. The Burlington 205 landslide also serve as a possible model for studied in a wind tunnel. Moisture significantly demonstrating that there are locations in Jamaica increased threshold wind velocities for the initiation where a landslide dam could result in the formation of sediment transport and modified vertical sediment of a lake, greater than 10km in extent, such as was profiles. reported to have occurred after the 1962 earthquake. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1741 ID: 1739 Au: Smith, T. E; Thirlwall, M. F; MacPherson, C. Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Ti: Trace element and isotope geochemistry of the Ti: The Jamaica Earthquake of January 13, 1993: volcanic rocks of Bequia, Grenadine Islands, Geology and Geotechnical aspects. Lesser Antilles Arc: a study of subduction So: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica; 30:15- enrichment and intra-crustal contamination. 31, 1996 So: Journal of Petrology; 37(1):117-43, Feb. 1996. Ab: A magnitude 5.4 earthquake occurred in the Blue Ab: The purpose of this study is to describe the Mountain Ridge (Wiggins- Grandison, this volume) petrography, Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotopic composition, causing significant damages in the parishes of and the major and trace element geochemistry of the Kingston and St. Andrew. The effects of the tremblor lavas and dykes, and to use these data to assess their were mapped in approximately 225 km2 area. Heavy petrogenics. Particular attention is paid to the role of objects were upthrown as a result of well marked incorporation of subducted sediments versus crustal vertical ground accelerations. Ground cracks tending contamination in the evolution of these lavas [see nortwest were mapped in an area due south of the Davisdson, (1935, 1987, White & Dupre (1986) and epicentre. The ground failures were controlled by the Davidson et al. (1993]. geology and geomorphology of the area, and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. included: landslides, ground cracks and localized liquefaction. These caused significant damage to lifeline structures, illustrating the significance of ID: 1742 geological information in urban planning, especially Au: Mathur, Mahendra. for the Kingston Metropolitan area which has a Ti: Trinidad: flooding need not be a killer. population of over 700,000, a population density of So: Stop Disasters; 27(1):9, 1996. 1200 persons /km2, and is highly vulnerable to Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. multiple hazards. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1743 ID: 1740 Au: Pompa Toledano, Ana Cristina. Au: Van Duk, P. M; Stroosnuder, L; De Lima, J. L. M. Ti: Caracterización del comportamiento de las Ti: The influence of rainfall on transport of beach tormentas locales severas en la provincia sand by wind. Santiago de Cuba y su peligrosidad para la vida So: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms; 21(4):341- humana. 52, April 1996. Pub: Camagüey; s.n; 1996. 26. Ab: This paper deals with the effect of rainfall on the Co: Congreso Internacional de Desastres; Camagüey, 12- process of wind erosion of beach sands and presents 15, Nov. 1996. results from both field and wind tunnel experiments. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Although sediment transport by splash is of secondary importance on coastal dunes, splash- saltation processes can move sediments in conditions ID: 1744 where no motion is predicted by aeolian processes. Au: Glasgow, Joyce. The effect of rain-drop impact on the movement of Ti: Environmental education pilot project, Jamaica soil particles by wind was measured on a sand beach 1995/1996. plain using an acoustic sediment sampler. In general, Pub: Kingston; Natural Resources Conservation Authority; an increase of particle movement by wind at the 1996. 56. sensor heights was observed during rainfall. Rainfall Ab: Report of a pilot field project to introduce also affected the wind erosion process during and UNESCO-UNEP modules in environmental after rain by changing the cohesive conditions of the education to educators. The project also sought to surface. The influence of the surface moisture obtain feedback as to their effectiveness as teaching content on the initiation of wind erosion and on the sources. vertical distribution of transported sand particles was Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. 206 ID: 1745 ID: 1750 Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Au: Wadge, Geoffrey; Woods, Andy; Bower, Sally; Ti: Monthly weather summary (part A 1996). Jackson, Paul. Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1996. Ti: A volcanic hazard evaluation system for Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Montserrat, West Indies. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard ID: 1746 management: abstract. Kingston, University of the Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Ti: Monthly weather summary (part B 1996). Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 38. nd Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1996. Co: 2 Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: When an explosive andesitic volcano is erupting, warnings given to government are set in the context ID: 1747 of a continual influx of new data and a general lack of Ti: Port Antonio sanitation study. analytical tools to interpret these data in terms of the Pub: Kingston; Louis Berger International; 1996. specific multiple hazards faced. The Montserrat Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Volcano Observatory (MVO) has faced this situation during the 1995-1996 volcanic crisis at the Soufriere ID: 1748 Hills Volcano. Here we describe a computer system Au: Planos Gutiérrez, Eduardo O. that aids MVO scientists to operationally evaluate the Ti: Regional analysis of hurricane rain and their two main hazards faced: dome collapse and sub- influence on the hidrological regime/Análisis dome explosions. There are 3 main components to regional de las lluvias torrenciales y su influencia the system. Data imports and processes relevant en el régimen hidrológico. monitoring data for use in the other two modules. Pub: Ciudad de la Habana; Centro de Hidrología y Calidad dome analyses dome morphology and rate of growth de las Aguas; l996. 8. and assesses the likelihood of major collapse. Ab: Basándose en la caracterización hidrológica detallada Volcano models the transport of magma to the de las lluvias torrenciales se exponen algunos surface from a sub-surface reservoir and assesses the conceptos metodológicos para el tratamiento de estos probability of explosive pressure build-up. Our en un análisis regional. Se plantea que esta experience at designing and using the system caracterización se basa en 30 años de observaciones operationally will be presented. hidrológicas provenientes de una adecuada red, la Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. cual comprende l2000/cm2 de la región oeste de Cuba. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. ID: 1751 Au: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Ti: Science, hazards and hazard management: ID: 1749 abstracts. Au: Hammouya, G; Allard, P; Clocchiatti, R; Jean- So: Kingston; University of the West Indies, Department Baptiste, P; Parello, F; Semet, Michael P. of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Ti: Geochemistry of fumarolic and magmatic fluids Studies; 1996. 41. from Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Indies. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 34. ID: 1752 Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Au: Chen, A. A; McTavish, J; Roy, Abraham K. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12, Oct. 1996. Ti: A Caribbean database for the earth sciences. Ab: We report preliminary geochemical results obtained So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard on volcanic fluids emitted before and during the management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the current eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, as West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, well as on volatiles trapped in crystal melt inclusions Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 5. nd of the newly extruded lava. Co: 2 Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

207 ID: 1753 June 1996. The net result is great hardship amongst Au: Montserrat. Montserrat Volcano Observatory. the people of Montserrat since many are living in very Ti: A photographic and videographic chronicle of unfavourable conditions and the economy has been important events during the current eruption of severely damaged. the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Indies. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard ID: 1754 management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Au: Turk, Michael A. West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Ti: Analysis of an objective during Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 27. the 1995 hurricane season. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Ab: The Soufriere Hills volcano is the youngest of four West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, major volcanic centres on the island of Montserrat Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 24. which have been active during approximately the last Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and five million years. It consists of a central nucleus of Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. four andesite lava domes which are separated by deep Ab: The Dvorak technique is the internationally valleys and truncated by English's Crater, a horse- recognized means of estimating tropical cyclone shoe shaped structure open to the east and partly intensity using satellite data. The determination of the filled by Castle Peak Dome. After more than three Dvorak T number can be highly subjective. The years of intermittent earthquake swarm occurrence Regional and Branch and almost 400 years of dormancy, the Soufriere Hills (RAMM) of NESDIS in conjunction with the volcano started erupting on 18 July 1995. The initial Cooperative Institute for Research in the phase was characterised by phreatic eruptions during Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University, have which several vents were opened up on and around developed an objective technique for use on Castle Peak dome and significant quantities of ash hurricanes with well defined eyes. This objective were produced. In late September 1995, a small spine technique uses the warmest eye temperature and the and dome was extruded in English's Crater and this coldest surrounding ring temperature to determine grew to a height of about 20cm and then stopped the final T number. The Synoptic Analysis Branch growing. Activity then returned to a state of mainly (SAB) of NESDIS has been experimenting with this episodic steam and ash eruptions of variable objective technique for the last two years. The amplitudes. The eruptions became larger (in terms of unusually active 1995 Atlantic hurricane season ash volumes) and more frequent during late October provided the basis for a preliminary analysis of the and early November 1995. In mid November 1995, objective technique. This initial study based on the an andesite lava dome was extruded into the main 1995 season revealed that (1) the subjective Dvorak vent excavated by the phreatic eruptions. Since early estimates were within a half T number of objective December 1995, activity has been dominated by estimates approximately 80 percent of the time for variable but relatively slow, quiet dome growth on systems with well defined eyes; and (2) subjective Castle Peak dome within English's Crater. The (objective) intensities were within a half T number of unstable sides of the growing dome occasionally reconnaissance-based estimates 76 percent of the collapse, resulting in the formation of pyroclastic time. flows and associated ash clouds. The larger Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. pyroclastic flows propagate at the moment down the open eastern side of the crater while the ash clouds ID: 1755 are blown on the wind, mainly towards the west and Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Manning, Paul A. S; McCain, Trevor W. northwest. Relatively significant pyroclastic flows Ti: Ancient landslides in the Red Hills and Stony occurred on 03, 06 and 08, April and 12, May 1996, Hill, St. Andrew, Jamaica. in the Tar River Valley area to the east of the So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Soufriere Hills volcano, with the flow front on 12, management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the May 1996 reaching the sea. Eleven months have West Indies, Department of Geography and already passed since the beginning of the eruption Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 4. and although no person has been hurt or killed and Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and no houses have been seriously damaged or destroyed Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. yet, three major evacuations of about 3000-6000 Ab: Landslides are recognised over a large part of the people from southern to northern Montserrat have northern slopes of Red Hills and Stony Hill in the already taken place. The latest evacuation which parish of St. Andrew. Rockfalls, rock slides, debris started on 03, April 1996 is still in force at the end of flow and deep-seated complex slides are the major 208 types of slope movements mapped. These pre- Guinea Corn-Corner Shop Road, Clarendon. This historic slope movements appear to be associated road is subject to recurrent landslides and flooding with the evolution of the east-west trending, following every event of significant rainfall in the Quaternary fault scarp that defines the northern watershed. In July 1994, we mapped some 82 boundary of the Tertiary limestones exposed in the landslides along the entire ll km of the road, that is, 7 Red Hills and Stony Hill. The insitu limestone failures/km. Most of the slides are confined to highly outcrops examined in the vicinity of the fault scarp weathered and jointed volcaniclastic sediments and show brecciation, solution features, red clay-filled ignimbrites and their residual soils which cover an pipes and fractures and development of terra rossa. area of 284.26 ha (62 percent of the total area) with The colluvium covered slopes are under a dense slopes in excess of 20o. The existing vegetation types forest and bush, and generally inaccessible. In some and landuse practices along the road have been areas bare rock slopes are seen. Several lines of described in terms of their function in arresting mass evidences have been used to identify the landslides. movement and the protection cover they offer These include anomalous topography, geological against infiltration. In areas where vegetation cover is structure and the occurrence of exotic boulder inadequate or instability is observed, deposits of Tertiary limestones overlying the recommendations are made as to vegetation types Cretaceous basement rocks comprising granitoids, and techniques which may be implemented to volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. The landslide increase slope stability. An assessment is made of the deposits consist of limestone debris, boulders and characteristics of existing vegetation with regard to its blocks and terra rossa which have often been ability to coppice, display rapid regrowth, nodulate, extensively modified by surficial processes and its adaptability to variation in sites and to poor site colonised by bushes and tall trees. The landslide zone conditions, robustness, ability to propagate and mapped is some 7 km long and 1.5 km wide. Active whether it will direct seed. Where these criteria are landslides are confined to drainage channels which not met by existing vegetation, other species are may have acted as chutes for old slides. We suggest recommended which would grow in the observed that the possible triggering mechanisms for these conditions. This study will directly benefit the Rural landslides may be seismic shaking and/or Road Rehabilitation and Improvement Project catastrophic storms. The occurrence of rock slides (RRRIP) currently being undertaken by the may indicate seismic shaking as a possible mechanism Government of Jamaica. The Guinea Corn-Corner for the initiation of landslide activity in this area. Shop Road is one of the roads being improved under However, paleoseismicity and the age of sliding need this programme. to be established. The evaluation of the landslide Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. hazard is in progress as a part of the Caribbean Disaster Mitigation Project sponsored by OAS and ID: 1757 USAID. Au: Doser, Diane I; Vandusen, Shelley R. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Body waveform modeling studies of large historic earthquakes near Puerto Rico (1915- ID: 1756 1920). Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Manning, Paul A. S; McDonald, Morag; So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Clark, Jane; Hellin, John. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Ti: Bio-engineering for prevention of landslides on West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Jamaican roads. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 7. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Disasters; Kingston, 9-12, Oct. 1996 West Indies, Department. of Geography and Ab: Between 1915 and 1920 a series of five large Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 3. earthquakes magnitude 6.7 to 7.5) occurred near Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Puerto Rico. Although the locations of these Disasters; Kingston, 9-12, Oct. 1996. earthquakes are poorly known, the epicenters f three Ab: Our experiences in the eastern Caribbean and of events (1915, 1917 and 1920) fall within the elsewhere indicate that when employed along with rupture/aftershock zone of the 1943 (magnitude 7.9) the other conventional methods, bio-engineering may North Mona Passage earthquake. Thus these offer simple, robust and cost-effective solutions to earthquakes could provide important information on the management of roads in steep terrains where precursory stress field changes that led to the 1943 landslides frequently disrupt the traffic flow, in event. The other two earthquakes (1916 and 1918, addition to mitigating excessive erosion. In this paper the largest events of the sequence) occurred in the we present a preliminary assessment of the potential central Mona Passage due west of Puerto Rico. A of bio-engineering in the slope stabilization on the preliminary evaluation of body waveforms suggests 209 that several of these earthquakes occurred at sub- with appreciable runup on the opposite side of the crustal (40 km) depths. The waveforms also suggest valley from which the slide originated. Investigation that reverse-oblique faulting occurred in most events of these landslide features is continuing. and that several events had complex rupture histories. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1760 ID: 1758 Au: Lander, James F. Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Ti: Caribbean tsunamis: an initial history. Ti: Focal mechanism for the Jamaican earthquake of So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard January 3th, 1993. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 13. Conference (abstract). Kingston, University of the Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and West Indies (Mona). Deptartment of Geography and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Geology, 1998. 71-2. Ab: Reports of 14 tsunamis or possible tsunamis are Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, known for the Caribbean beginning with an event off Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. the coast of Venezuela in 1530. Seven of these have Ab: This paper presents a focal mechanism for the M 5-4 reported damage associated with them. Although the (duration magnitude) Jamaica earthquake of January history of the Caribbean area is the longest in the 13th, 1993, based on the computations of Russ Western Hemisphere, the tsunami history has not Needham of USGS/NEIC. The Earthquake Unit, been studied in detail due to the varied colonial past UWI, Jamaica, located the epicentre of the main and the number of political divisions and shock northwest of the Silver Hill Pak (18.115o N, consequently must be considered incomplete. It is 76.686oW) in the Blue Mountain structural block. subject to tsunamis of tectonic origin but most seem This earthquake triggered landslides in eastern to be associated with structures other than the eastern Jamaica. Given the limitations of the seismic data oceanic trench and subduction zone. Notable is the used in the computations, the nodal plane with a 1867 tsunami originating in the Anegada trough strike of 310o appears to be the preferred fault plane between St. Thomas and St. Croix, Virgin Islands and is supported by the available structural data. which caused 14 to 16 fatalities and was observed Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. through the Caribbean. The 1918 tsunami off the northwestern corner of Puerto Rico caused about 40 ID: 1759 fatalities and extensive damage. The Caribbean area is Au: Robinson, Edward; Laughton, Dionne V. also subject to rare but destructive tsunamis from Ti: Burlington and Jupiter landslides, Rio Grande Atlantic sources. The 1755 Tsunami which affected Valley, Jamaica: comparison with Millbank Lisbon, North Africa and England put waves as high landslide as examples of processes producing as 7 meters at Saba, and 3.7 meters at Antigua and natural dams. Dominica. Waves reached the second story of So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard buildings in Martinique. The Caribbean may also be management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the subject to tsunamis generated by volcanic activity and West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, landslides but none were documented from the 1902 Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 19. Pelee eruption or the 1692 Port Royal, Jamaica Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and subsidence. Tsunamis at least as high as those in Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. historic times can be expected to reoccur but with the Ab: Two large, presumably prehistoric landslides in the greatly increased coastal development and increased Rio Grande, are those at Burlington, at the mouth of tourism the disaster potential is much larger. The risk the Rio Grande, and at Jupiter, near Moore Town. should be thoroughly evaluated by a multi-national Both these slides are considerably larger than the historical effort and modeling. landslide that blocked the Rio Grande at Millbank Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. in 1937, impounding a lake. The Burlington landslide has been described briefly in a previous publication. ID: 1761 The Jupiter landslide is similar in form to, and has Au: Boudon, Georges; Semet, Michael P; Villemant, B. developed over the same geological units, as the Ti: Characterisation of the hydrothermal system of Millbank slide. Although presumed to be prehistoric, the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West its geomorphology suggests that it is of comparatively Indies. recent origin, and the nature of the debris indicates So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard that more than one event is involved. Debris from management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the the most recent event extends across the valley floor, 210 West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, a regional "drill day" is to increase the earthquake Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 35. preparedness awareness in the area and to simulate, Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and and thereby evaluate, the activation of the volunteer Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. community-based organisations. The paper will Ab: The Soufriere Hills volcano has one of the most explore the degree to which these intentions were active hydrothermal systems among Lesser Antilles met. The paper will also discuss the utility and volcanoes. The horseshoe-shaped English's Crater (2 viability for using drills and simulations for these x 1.2 km) is the result of a flank-collapse event that volunteer-oriented organisations. As this "drill day" is produced debris deposits observed in the to become an annual event, recommendations will be eastern seaside cliffs. Detailed geochemical (whole offered regarding how to optimise the use of rock, trace elements, U-Th disequilibrium), simulations and drills in community-based mineralogical (x-ray power diffraction-XRD) and organisations on an ongoing basis. microtextural (Scanning Electron Microscope-SEM) Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. studies on different samples representative of the entire 1995-96 period of dome growth should help ID: 1763 confirm the nature and extent of interaction at the Au: Smith, Douglas L. hydrothermal-magma interface and their influence on Ti: Comparison of seismic attenuation values for eruptive style. events in the Caribbean with those located in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. North America. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard ID: 1762 management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Au: Simpson, David M. West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Ti: Community-based organisations and the use of Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 21. drills and simulations for increasing earthquake Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and preparedness and response. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Ab: Continuing analyses of seismograms for earthquake management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the events recorded by the University of Florida network West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, yield attenuation, coefficients related to the Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 21. geographic origin of the event. Of 34 events Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and subjected to reanalyses, twenty-one originated in Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Central and South America. Identifiable Lg phases Ab: On April 20, 1996, over 25 cities in the California San were selected from records of events from North Francisco Bay Area will conduct an earthquake drill. America, but p wave phases were used for those This regional drill will be the first of its kind in the events from the circum-Caribbean region. An United States. The effort is a product of a regional attentuation coefficient of y=0.10 per degree is non-profit organisation called BAYNET (Bay Area derived from events which originated in North Network) which represents cities and communities America. Efforts to independently calculate Q from that have created community-based earthquake transmissivity data from the upper Floridan Aquifer preparedness and training organisations. These yielded Q values of 172 to 688. While these y and Q community-based groups focus their efforts on both values are comparable to assigned values for the preparedness education and disaster response eastern United States, significantly higher attenuation training. The groups seek to educate and train citizens is recognised from records of events from the in urban search and rescue, fire suppression, first aid, circum-Caribbean region. and other response skills. The managers who Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. administer the community-based programmes, and who are organising the drill activity in their ID: 1764 jurisdiction, will be surveyed immediately following Au: Hooper, Donald M; Kover, Thomas P; Mattioli, Glen the drill. Using a combination of mail and phone S. surveys, the programme managers will be asked about Ti: Computer-simulation models of pyroclasltic the structure of their drill, the type of simulation flows at the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat: scenario, the level of participation, and questions application to hazard assessment. relating to the interaction of volunteers with the local So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard emergency management organisations. This paper management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the will present the results of the programme manager West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. survey, with a focus on the institutional and Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 39. organisational design and implementation of the drills Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and in local jurisdictions. The stated intent of sponsoring Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. 211 Ab: Soufriere Hills volcano consists of a series of central the sea cliffs and in river valleys on the flanks of the andesitic lava domes. The youngest dome, Castle volcano. Radiocarbon dating of these deposits yielded Peak, occupies English's Crater. The computer code ages ranging from c.24 to 16 ka. A single date of FLOW3D is being used to simulate several types of 32054 had been obtained (1959) from a poorly gravity-driven, pyroclastic, surge, and block-and-ash exposed section along Hot River, which drains the flows that have been observed or may potentially breached eastern side of the summit crater. This date occur at the Soufriere Hills volcano. These computer had not been duplicated and was thus suspect. A simulations can be extremely useful in assessing and combination of volcanic mudflows and rainfall mitigating the risk associated with several types of following the passage of 2 hurricanes and a tropical volcanic hazards. Because of their predominance at storm between early August and late October 1995 the Soufriere Hills volcano, an understanding of caused severe erosion in Hot River and in several block-and-ash flows produced by the disintegration other ghauts, revealing several good sections through of lava domes is critical. Furthermore, because carbon-bearing deposits from the volcano. In support English’s Crater is open to the ENE, this region is of the monitoring exercise at Soufriere Hills volcano, highly susceptible to various volcanic flow products, a series of sampling visits was made and key sections including lahars. investigated in the Hot River valley in order to clarify Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the stratigraphy and age of the most recent deposits. Radiocarbon ages obtained from one or more ID: 1765 relatively thin pyroclastic flow deposits thought to Au: Morrissey, Michael. include the same deposit as that sampled in 1959 Ti: Curriculum innovation for natural disaster were 20040, 24050, 27050, 29050, 32045, 35050, reduction: the experience of the Commonwealth 42050, 43045, and 77045;an AMS date on a sample at Caribbean. a similar stratigraphic level about 50 m further So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard downstream gave an age of 42025 yrs BP. Later Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the investigations revealed a complex sequence of West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, pyroclastic flow and lahar deposits of assumed recent Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 16. age, the best section (although not necessarily the Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and most complete) being close to the mouth of Hot Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. River. Radiocarbon ages from a number of these Ab: This survey article explores the roles of the Pan- units will be presented, along with petrological and Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention geochemical data. In addition to the Hot River Project and the Jamaican Office of Disaster section, investigations of other areas revealed Preparedness in stimulating the incorporation of additional widespread deposits along the eastern natural disaster mitigation concepts into the curricula coast in which Amerindian artifacts have been found of primary and secondary schools, and-through the along with carbon of both anthropogenic and sensitization of key resource persons-in infusing such probable volcanogenic origin. A date from the carbon concepts into primary and secondary textbooks collected in basal part of this deposit gave an age of published for the region. 395070. Further carbon-bearing deposits within Fort Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ghaut to the west of the volcano will also be described; these are not thought to be volcanogenic ID: 1766 deposits. Investigation of the most recent deposits Au: Young, Simon R; Hoblitt, Richard P; Smith, Alan L; from the Soufriere Hills has enabled the monitoring Devine, Joseph D; Wadge, Geoffrey; Shepherd, John team to better understand the style of dome-building B. events at this volcano. Ti: Dating of explosive volcanic events associated Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. with dome growth at the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. ID: 1767 So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Au: Suite, Winston H. E. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Ti: Disaster management training by the case study West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology. method-its application to the Caribbean Region. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 28. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Ab: Prior to the reawakening of the Soufriere Hills Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 22. volcano in 1995, research on the deposits of past Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and eruptions of the volcano had concentrated on a well Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. exposed sequence of block and ash flows exposed on 212 Ab: The paper attempts to review disaster management effective mitigation strategies for reducing losses training in the Caribbean in the face of both natural from hurricanes and earthquakes in the Caribbean are and man-made hazards. It identifies several critical discussed with particular reference to the Caribbean weaknesses which remain in spite of frenzied Uniform Building Code (CUBiC) provisions for wind activities over the last decade. The paper also seeks to and earthquake loads. A brief review of these identify and discuss the elements of a disaster plan in provisions is presented and it is emphasised that there terms of specific and concrete examples which have is an urgent need to enforce compliance with the been ever present in the region. Finally the paper requirements of CUBiC and to encourage higher presents the case study approach as offering the standards of construction quality throughout the maximum opportunity to train public and private Caribbean. Other factors affecting effective sector management personnel with responsibility for mitigation strategies are outlined and the economics safety and disaster management at the industry level. and practicalities of mitigation are discussed against Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the background of the attitudes of the Caribbean peoples at risk and the nature of Caribbean political ID: 1768 administrations. The paper concludes that successful Au: Peacock, Walter Gillis. and effective mitigation strategies must involve the Ti: Disaster mitigation, response and recovery: a close collaboration between the local community and socio-political ecology perspective. the government agencies and must contain a mixture So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard of immediately visible improvements and of less management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the visible but long term sustainable benefits. In this West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, regard the paper recommends the urgent completion Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 18. of Part 5 of CUBiC which deals with the construction Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and of Small Buildings. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The development of effective policies related to disaster mitigation, response, and recovery demand a ID: 1770 fuller appreciation of society structure and Au: Gibbs, Tony. organisation. At best, attention usually focuses on Ti: Effects of Hurricane Luis on structures in society's relationship to the physical environment Antigua. with little concern for the particular problems arising So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard from the structure of social systems. This paper management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the considers various structural and organisational West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, dimensions of human societies and communities in Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 9. particular, the structure of human communities Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and related to division of labour, inequality, cooperation, Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. competition, and conflict. Their implications for Ab: This paper focuses on the electricity and health policy planning, development and implementation are sectors after Hurricane Luis struck Antigua and discussed. Barbuda in the north-east Caribbean on 4 and 5, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. September 1995. The nature and extent of the damage are described and illustrated. The causes of ID: 1769 failures and successes are analyzed. It is shown how Au: Chin, Myron W. the failures could have been reduced to a manageable Ti: Effective mitigation strategies for hurricanes and amount and, in many cases, eliminated completely earthquakes in the Caribbean. with little incremental effort and cost. The impact of So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard building codes and standards is assessed. Damage to management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the buildings was mainly due to weak connections of West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, light-weight roofing materials, impact damage to Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 6. glazed openings from flying objects, inadequate Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and fixings of windows and external doors and water Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. damage from the torrential rains. There were also Ab: The Caribbean is affected by geological, climatic and several examples of catastrophic collapse of entire environmental hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic buildings due to unsound structural concepts. The eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, floods, lack of maintenance of building components drought, environmental pollution and deforestation. contributed significantly to the damage. In the cases However, historically, the damage caused by of structures not associated with buildings (e.g. earthquakes has not been as great as that caused by telecommunication towers and transmission systems) hurricanes and floods. In this paper therefore, inadequate specification of performance criteria at the 213 procurement and design stages was an important monitoring applications is basically the same as that factor in the failures. The actual wind speeds were of its more expensive off-the-shelf counterpart of not greater than should have been in a 1-in-50-year similar bandwidth. event. The introduction of mandatory building Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. standards and codes would have a significant, positive impact in reducing losses in future hurricanes. ID: 1772 Antigua is not only in the regular path of severe Au: Murria, Juan. hurricanes. It is also located in the most hazardous Ti: Evaluation and mitigation of earthquake risk in area of seismic activity in the Caribbean Archipelago. the Venezuela petroleum industry: an update. The Interrelationship of wind-resistant and So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard earthquake-resistant design is analysed. Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 17. ID: 1771 Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Au: Lynch, Lloyd L; Ramsingh, Chandradath; Ambeh, Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. William B. Ab: Most of the facilities of the Venezuela petroleum Ti: Electronically tailoring the frequency response of industry are located in areas of low to moderate to low cost exploration geophones for volcano high seismic activity. As a consequence, Petroleos de monitoring applications. Venezuela (PDVSA), the national oil company So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard undertook in 1991 a ten year project to evaluate the management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the seismic risk in the critical installations of its facilities West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, at a cost of approximately US$2.5 million. This Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 29. project is being coordinated by INTEVEP, the Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and research and development subsidiary of PDVSA with Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. the decided cooperation of the operating petroleum Ab: Electronically extending the bandwidth of a seismic and petrochemical subsidiaries CORPOVEN, sensor to improve its range of usefulness for a LAGOVEN, MARAVEN and PEQUIVEN. This particular application is not a new idea. The primary paper presents an update of the activities performed disadvantages of instruments designed with this to date, the problems encountered and the solutions technique are instability problems and reduced adopted. dynamic range. If designed carefully, however, the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. above problems can be minimised and a broader instrument response will be obtained at relatively low ID: 1773 cost. This is very attractive in volcano monitoring Au: Sergio, Mora C. where it is often required to deploy several Ti: Extent and social economic significance of instruments which may be lost during an eruption. In slope-instability in the island of Hispaniola this paper, we describe the design of a highly stable (Haiti and Dominican Republic). tri-axial seismometer for volcano monitoring So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard applications. The desired response was obtained by Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the tailoring the response of inexpensive HS-1 rotary West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, geophones that are designed with a natural frequency Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 15. of 4.5 Hz and a transductance of 4.1 V/m/s. In our Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and design, a low noise preamplifer interface is used to Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. optimise the self noise performance of the system. Ab: In the island of Hispaniola, slope instability The preamplifier is followed by a two stage frequency phenomena are frequent, particularly intensive soil equalizer to compensate for the low frequency roll- erosion and landslides. In Haiti, soil erosion is off of the geophone down to a frequency of 0.45 Hz. extreme and has contributed to increase the A fourth order Butterworth filter which follows is generalised food supply and environment degradation used to set the upper cut-off frequency of the system problems currently affecting this country. Landslides to 20 Hz. Using a broadband accelerometer, we are also common, such as those around the Peligre estimated the seismic noise spectra of various seismic reservoir and the Massif de la Selle. In the Dominican station sites around the Soufriere Hills volcano in Republic, intensive erosion phenomena are not less Montserrat. We then verified that the self noise common, such as the case of the locality of Banica, spectra of the instrument is below that of the seismic where it has reached an ultimate scale. Large noise spectra for most of the usable bandwidth. We, landslides are widespread throughout Septentrional therefore, conclude that the useful dynamic range and Central ranges, with the well known case of the that is offered by this instrument in volcano town of Carlos Diaz in the former and the vast 214 movements generated in the latter during the Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and passages of David and Frederic Tropical Storms in Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. 1979. Climatic and geomorphic conditions are Ab: The popularity of World Wide Web (WWW) as a evidently the origin of these phenomena, which are medium of information exchange can be used for deteriorated by the frequent transit of hurricanes and disaster management. In this paper, a method is seismic activity. However, irrational human activity is described to create a database of disasters which can steadily aggravating the situation. be used for emergency management in the Caribbean. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. This consists of a central server which hosts the database with the associated software and a number ID: 1774 of nodes (Sub-servers) with special authorization to Au: Roy, Abraham K. update the database. A Common Gateway Interface Ti: Generating a database for hurricanes from non- (CGI) script is used to create, update and retrieve the conventional sources. database. Images and videos of the disasters can also So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard be hosted at the server at any of the nodes. The management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the database can be mirrored at the central server as well West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, as at the nodes. The basic skeleton of such a network Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 1. is designed and is available at Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and URL:http/wwwphysics.uwimona.ed.jm:1104/staff/vi Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. sit/abraham/climate/author.html. This website will Ab: It is extremely difficult to represent a hurricane even be extremely useful for scientists, engineers, policy in its mature stage by the operational assimilation makers and media. Although anybody can retrieve the systems. This is due to the lack of efficient data through WWW, only authorized individuals at observational network over the land in tropical the server and nodes are allowed to create and update regions but also due to the development of the data. This is to protect the database from hackers hurricanes over the oceans where they can be missed and other unlawful individuals. The flexibility of the completely by the conventional observation network. system ensures the fastest, quickest and cheapest way Due to this reason the hurricane vortex cannot be of information exchange across the islands of the properly represented and hence results in the poor Caribbean, which is essential for disaster emergency prediction of track and intensity of the hurricanes. management. In this paper, a method is described to generate a Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. complete data set for a hurricane from a few essential non-conventional sources in Caribbean weather ID: 1776 conditions. A complete multi-level data set of zonal Au: Pascaline, H; Jeremie, J. J; Jacques, D. and meridianal wind, temperature, relative humidity Ti: Geochemistry of ash and new dome rock erupted and surface pressure is generated. Since no two during the period July 1995 to April 1996 at the hurricanes are similar, a number of analytical vortices Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. are included in this method. The vortex which gives So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard the least coefficient of spatial variation with respect management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the to the observed hurricane is selected for hurricane West Indies. Dept. of Geography and Geology. Unit reconstruction. This complete reconstruction of a of Disaster Studies, 1996. 39. hurricane can be made more realistic with the tuning Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and of the analytical profiles with the observed data. Such Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. a data can be used for numerical weather prediction Ab: Samples of ash and rocks extruded from July 1995 to in forecast models. The method is tested using an April 1996 during the current eruption of the observed hurricane. Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, were analysed Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and the results obtained agree with the type of eruption dynamism observed. The andesitic nature of the rock is that which normally occurs in the calc- ID: 1775 alkaline series of island arcs. The petrographic Au: Roy, Abraham K; Chen, A. A; McTavish, J. character of the extruded lava is also in accordance Ti: Generation of a database for the disaster with evolution generally observed towards management in Caribbean using WWW. hornblende andesites. From the chemical viewpoint, So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard indices of crystallization appear which may enable the Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the elucidation of the physico-chemical characteristics of West Indies Department. of Geography and Geology, the magma chamber. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 2. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

215 ID: 1777 controlled, while areas with high ground failure Au: Maharaj, Russell J. incidence are those primarily affected by intense Ti: Geotechnical evaluation of ground hazards in tectonic deformation, strain partitioning and strain expansive mudrocks and clays from a watershed localization. In addition, gypsum and jarosite in Trinidad, West Indies. precipitation, weathering of primary gypsum and the So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard geological control on expansive clay development has management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the largely been unrecognised from previous studies on West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. expansive clays from Trinidad. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 13. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Investigations of mudrocks from the Ortoire ID: 1778 watershed from south Trinidad show that pyritic, Au: Vandusen, Shelley R. calcareous, glauconitic and gypsiferous mudrocks and Ti: Historic earthquakes (1917-1962) of the North- expansive clays occupy more than 79 percent of the Central Caribbean margin. drainage basin. The watershed supports domestic and So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard commercial agriculture, hydrocarbon exploratory management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the activities, is intensively populated and provides West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. important transportation routes to other parts of the Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 24. island. However, many of these land uses are Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and disrupted by ground failures due to frequent Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. landslides; foundation heave; soil piping, macropore Ab: We have studied the faulting processes of eight development; soil cracking and foundation settlement earthquakes along the north-central Caribbean plate in high shrinkage/expansive clays. These incur high margin using body waveform modeling techniques. annual damage/repair costs to local residents and Our study area extends from southwestern Cuba to Government Departments. Investigations show that the Swan Island fracture zone (75o to 85o W). weathered clays are mainly montmorillonite (20-80 Results of this study show that the western portion of percent), with secondary kaolinite (8-35 percent and the region (80o to 84oW) has only experienced large illite (20-35 percent) and are overconsolidated (due to (magnitude 6.0) strike-slip earthquakes with focal highly compressive tectonic stresses and uplift and depth of 12 km or less. Since 1917, seismic slip due Quaternary sea level fluctuations). They are highly to large earthquakes in this region is 50 to 80 percent plastic, with liquid limits between 74-109 percent; of plate motion rates. The oceanic nature of the plasticity index between 46-77 percent; clay content plates on either side of this portion of the plate between 52-92 percent; shrinkage limit between 12- boundary likely accounts for this simple, uniform 19 percent; skemptons clay activity index between behaviour. Within the eastern portion of the study are 0.70-1.43; in-situ density between 1620-1900 kg/m3; (75o to 80o W), where more continent-like material is natural moisture between 31-43 percent; optimum found on either side of the plate boundary, seismic moisture (ASTM Standard proctor test) between 22- deformation occurs over a -250 km wide zone. 32 percent; one dimensional swell potential between Three of four large earthquakes we studied occurred 1.25.3.25kg/cm2; caution exchange between 20-70; at focal depths 12km, however, an event offshore of milliequivalents/100g dry soil and of Unified southern Cuba in 1932 could be as deep as 26km. engineering soil classification, CH. In addition, Large earthquakes off southern Cuba most likely degradation of pyritic mudrocks and the transfer of involved slip along northward dipping, high angle- their acidic leachates to adjacent calcareous marls and reverse faults. Onshore and offshore of Jamaica, large mudstones lead to gypsum precipitation, while in earthquakes showed a combination of strike-slip and fluvial areas, glanconitic mudstones and sandstones, reverse motion, most likely along east-west and jarosite precipitation is another possible hazard. Both northwest-southeast striking fault planes. Seismic slip these sulphates can increase the swell potential of rates are much lower (2 to 20percent) than plate weathered clays by more than 100 percent, decrease motion rates in this region, however, one earthquake soil strength and further increase ground failures and of magnitude 7.8 (comparable to the 1946 Hispaniola hazards. Field studies, supported by laboratory data earthquake) would make the seismic slip rates show that their precipitations are stratigraphically and comparable to plate motion rates. tectonically controlled. Primary gypsum is also found Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. in the mudrocks of lagoonal facies. Weathering of these facilitate loss of soil volume, potential collapse and foundation settlement. The geotechnical properties of all expansive clays are geologically 216 ID: 1779 closely monitoring the most recent unrest since it Au: Wadge, Geoffrey. began back in 1992, the Montserrat public and the Ti: How did we do? Looking back on the 1986 civil authorities were less prepared for the eruption. assessment of volcanic hazard at Soufriere Hills. Not only was there not a detailed emergency plan in So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard existence but most people were unaware that there management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the was a potentially active volcano on the island. These West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, two factors strongly influenced the courses of action Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 29. that were taken at various stages during the first six Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and months of the crisis by some of the key social actors. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12, October, 1996. This paper explores the protocols and procedures Ab: In 1986 Mike Isaacs and I undertook an assessment that were employed in communication of scientific of the future hazards posed by volcanic activity at and other advice to the civil authorities and Soufriere Hills volcano. This was done under the information to the public during the crisis. It also Seismic Research Unit's basic remit to supply hazard explores the public response to some of the assessment and partly funded by the Pan Caribbean emergency preparedness measures implemented and Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Project. Field the avenues that were used to express public work comprised mapping the most recent deposits sensation, desire and perception. and collecting and submitting charcoal for Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. radiocarbon dating. In the laboratory at Reading, computer simulations of the deposition of past eruptions were made. A 35 page report to the ID: 1781 Montserrat government and an academic paper Au: Rogers, Cassandra T. resulted. The former was dusted off in July of 1995 Ti: Landslide hazard evaluation products for and helped guide some of the early thinking on how selected watersheds in St. Lucia, West Indies. to respond to the crisis. Reading the report now it is So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard clear that we did not anticipate the actual course of management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the events in 1995-6. Specifically, we made no attempt to West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, assess the addition of new dome lava to Castle Peak Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 20. dome. However, what the report was successful at Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and doing was to alert the authorities to the potential of Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. major explosive eruption in southern Montserrat and Ab: The limited availability of landslide hazard data and giving guidelines on which to base evacuation the non-existence of relevant digital databases for strategy. The emphasis on this "worst-case scenario" most Caribbean islands limit the methodology by was therefore justified and indeed is still valid for which the time frame in which landslide hazard in future use. these islands can be evaluated. In spite of these Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. limitations, landslide hazard products must be prepared with sufficient accuracy and timeliness to ID: 1780 enable their utilization by potential users. The paper Au: Lynch, Lloyd L; Ambeh, William B; Robertson, describes a landslide hazard evaluation package which Richard E. A. was prepared under these conditions for eleven Ti: Interaction between the scientists, civil priority watersheds in St. Lucia, immediately authorities and the public during the first six following widespread landslide damage which months of the Soufriere Hills Volcano crisis in affected the island during Tropical Storm Debbie. Montserrat. The package consists of a suite of three annotated So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard maps, at 1:25,000 scale, and a companion guidance management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the document. The map data base contains an updated West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, landslide inventory map, a debris flow hazard map Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 41. and a map of existing and potential debris flow Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and initiation sites and runout regions. The guidance Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. document provides, i) recommendations for Ab: The current eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano, appropriate land use in regions of varying landslide Montserrat, is the most serious volcanic crisis in the hazard and ii) procedural action to reduce the Caribbean since the 1979 eruption of the Soufriere vulnerability of planned activities to landsliding. The Volcano in St. Vincent. There have been four maps were prepared manually by calculating hazard volcano-seismic crises at this volcanic centre in the ratios for individual hazard units, terrain units with past 100 years but no eruptions since about 350 years uniform slope gradient, slope form, soil type and BP. Unlike the regional scientists who have been mean annual rainfall. Although these hazard 217 evaluation products have high utility, the problems ID: 1784 involved in their preparation highlight the urgent Au: Chen, A. A; McTavish, J; Roy, Abraham K. need for the development of digital databases to Ti: Modelling of flood and drought conditions in the better equip these islands to mitigate against Caribbean. landslides prior to a disaster, and to respond more So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard rapidly to post-disaster conditions. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology,

Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 6. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and ID: 1782 Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Au: Devine, Joseph D; Rutherford, Malcolm J; Young, Ab: A project to model flood and drought conditions in Simon R; Ambeh, William B; Hoblitt, Richard P; the Caribbean was initiated in 1994 with the Shepherd, John B. formation of the Climate Modelling Group, Mona Ti: Mineralogy of dome-forming andesite lavas (CMGM). The objective of the project is to recently erupted in Montserrat, West Indies. determine the atmospheric conditions responsible for So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard floods and droughts in the Caribbean by the use of management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, The model used in the project is the Center for Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 36. Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies (COLA) model Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and with resolution determined by triangular 30 Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. truncation. One of the initial activities of the project Ab: Volcanic activity at the Soufriere Hills Volcano in was to conduct a series of statistical analyses of Montserrat (Lesser Antilles island arc) resumed after observed climate data to identify climate parameters a dormant period of 420+25 years on 18 July 1995 which would likely affect flood and drought with a series of phreatic explosions accompanied by conditions in the Caribbean. Techniques employed abnormally high levels of seismic activity. Since late included empirical orthogonal functions (eof), September 1995 a small andesitic lava dome has correlation functions and spectral analysis. The grown in the vicinity of Castle Peak, a young (20 COLA model was validated for use of the University years b.p.) andesitic dome which occupies English's of the West Indies' computer and for use in the Crater (20,000 years b.p.). A review of seismic Caribbean region. A series of runs were then made to monitoring and volcanic hazard assessment activities simulate Caribbean climate in real time and in triggered by the ongoing eruption will be presented conditions where individual or combined climate elsewhere by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory parameters were used. Model runs indicate that scientific team. This report summarises the results of precipitation in the Eastern Caribbean is positively mineralogical studies of old and new Castle Peak correlated with El Nino events. However, the COLA dome eruption products undertaken in order to model is not accurate enough for conclusive studies provide estimates of magma ascent rates and pre- and it has a resolution of 40o longitude x 5o latitude eruption conditions (e.g. T, P, PH20) in the magma so that the climate of individual islands, such as storage region. Jamaica, is not well represented. For more accurate Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. work and to predict climate changes in individual islands a higher resolution model, the so-called regional model, is needed. Such a model will have the ID: 1783 beneficial spin-off of giving 10 day weather forecast Au: Timiovska, L. S. for an island such as Jamaica. Ti: Model of seismic intensity field in the problems Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of seismic risk evaluation. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard ID: 1785 management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Au: Robertson, Richard E. A; Shepherd, John B; Jackson, West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Paul; Skerritt, George. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 23. Ti: Monitoring ground deformation at the Soufriere nd Co: 2 Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 31. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. 218 Ab: Geodetic levelling stations designed to measure earth encircle a horse-shoe shaped summit crater. English's tilt as a means of prediction of volcanic activity, were Crater is an arcuate structure one kilometre in established at the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat diametre breached on the east and partly filled by in 1966. These early stations used a Hawaiian-type Castle Peak dome. Eruptive activity began at the portable water-tube tiltmeter and were deployed Soufriere Hills volcano on 18, July with the opening during the 1966-67 volcano-seismic crisis. Single of a steam and ash vent on the northwest side of setup levelling lines using a Wild N3 precision level Castle Peak dome. During the period July to replaced the water-tube tiltmeters during the 1980s September 1995, activity at the volcano was largely and a number of new stations were established. phreatic and a succession of vents formed, which During the current period of unrest at the Soufriere skirted the flank and top of the old Castle Peak Hills volcano, a variety of techniques and instruments dome. A cryptodome was formed during late have been used to measure ground deformation. September 1995 and a juvenile spine was extruded on These include: a) Single-setup or "dry tilt" levelling the west side of Castle Peak dome. Since this time using a Wild N2 level; b) Electronic tiltmeters using visible activity at the volcano has been characterised bubble tiltmeters; c) Electronic Distance by slow growth accompanied by magmatic gas Measurement (EDM) using a Leica TC1100 total emission. Visual observations of conditions at station. The techniques and instrumentation used has English's Crater from a helicopter and from various evolved in response to specific problems which have observation points around the volcano, have been a arisen as the crisis developed. The EDM technique vital component of monitoring activities. Basic has proved to be the most useful in terms of photography using small and medium format still interpretation of the progress of the eruption. cameras have been used to document changes around Changes in ground tilt have been noted at the dry tilt the volcano. Significant changes in the morphology stations but these have been ambiguous. No genuine of Castle Peak dome and in conditions at English’s tilt event has been recorded by the electronic Crater, which have occurred during the eruption have tiltmeter stations. Expansions of the Castle Peak been well documented. This poster presents a region has been continuous since the application of pictorial review of the 1995/96 eruption of the the EDM technique during late August 1995. The Soufriere Hills Volcano using both photographs and rate has generally been very low but an increase in the topographic maps to illustrate the morphological rate of expansion by one to two orders of magnitude changes which have occurred at Castle Peak dome. It immediately preceded the phase of significant dome serves to highlight the utility of a detailed growth which began in the middle of November photographic and visual record in the interpretation 1995. The poster examines all aspects of ground and analysis of volcanic activity. deformation used in Montserrat. The principles, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. techniques and equipment used, particularly during the current period of volcanic activity, are presented ID: 1787 as well as some of the results obtained so far. The Au: Earle, Aedan H. development of the ground deformation network is Ti: Multi-hazard mapping and risk assessment in also highlighted and plans for its future expansion the British Virgin Islands-an application of GIS reviewed briefly. in environmental assessments and development Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. planning. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard ID: 1786 management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Au: Robertson, Richard E. A; Young, Simon R; Darroux, West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Billy. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 8. Ti: Morphological changes due to volcanic activity Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and at English's Crater, Montserrat, West Indies Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Ab: The Hazard and Risk Assessment Project currently management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the underway in the British Virgin Islands involves the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, systematic evaluation and mapping of natural and Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 27. man-made hazards, production of an inventory of the Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and elements at risk, establishing degrees of vulnerability Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. and estimating losses. Ultimately risk associated with Ab: The Soufriere Hills Volcano lies in the south-central the various hazards will be assessed. The project is part of the island of Montserrat, at the northern end being conducted within the framework of a of the Lesser Antilles island arc. Volcanic activity in Geographic Information System. Data sets generated the past has produced a series of volcanic domes: by the different stages of the project are overlain and Gages, Chances, Galways and Perches, which additional Data sets or themes developed. The GIS 219 data base will serve as inputs for long term oriented database of geographical and other spill- development planning purposes and real time disaster related data. OSIMS combines the utility of a management. The outputs of the project are to be Geographic Information System (GIS) with the used to develop disaster mitigation strategies. The intelligence of a Decision Support System (DSS), and advantages of a comprehensive approach to hazard provides world-wide access through the Internet and assessment is outlined and the value of GIS in the World-Wide Web (WWW). In addition to the environmental management is demonstrated. static maps available in a traditional GIS, OSIMS Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. provides an advanced visualization tool for atmospheric and oceanic data, including animations ID: 1788 of oil spill trajectory models and 3-D plots of ocean Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Robinson, Edward. currents. The DSS component of OSIMS includes Ti: Neotectonic faults and landslides in Jamaica. on-line contingency plans for selected areas of the So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard Florida Coast, which may be accessed by the user or Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the searched automatically by a rule-based expert system West Indies, Department. of Geography and Geology (CLIPS). Rules are used to determine what to display, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 3. and at what level of detail. The key is to provide the Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and requisite information without overwhelming the user Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. with irrelevant details. OSIMS provides the high Ab: Neotectonic faults and fault scarps form an important degree of organisation and preparation required to landslide generating environment on the island of allow the various agencies and responsible parties to Jamaica, located in a seismically active, strike-slip effectively manage an oil spill cleanup effort. OSIMS plate boundary zone. Some of the more spectacular may also provide an organised management system to and damaging landslides, e.g. Judgement Cliff, support strategic activities, e.g. contingency-planning, Millbank, Valley, Ewarton and Preston training and event-reconstruction. A prototype are associated with neotectonic structures. In all regional OSIMS system has been developed. The cases, it is Tertiary limestones exposed in the fault system is also capable of being expanded to address scarps that have slipped over a basement of older and more general pollution issues, fishery management relatively less competent rocks. At Judgement Cliff, issues and expand its geographic focus in the Sea of the rupture surface lies within lithological horizons the Americas. It can also form the basis for the containing gypsum. These conditions provide an ideal development of similar information management environment for the overlying limestone slabs to slip systems for the other natural and man-made hazards over the weak basement rocks. In areas where fault and emergency situations. scarps overlook relatively narrow valleys, such Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. landslides have the potential to block and dam the river course, flooding the valley with a temporary ID: 1790 lake. The Millbank and, probably, the Judgement Cliff Au: Gardner, Cynthia A; Casadevall, Thomas J; landslides were of this type. The landslide triggering Robertson, Richard E. A. mechanisms are heavy rainfall and/or seismic Ti: SO2 emissions during the phreatic phase of vibrations. Human interference with the slopes volcanic unrest in the Soufriere Hills Volcano, associated with fault scarps is thought to increase Montserrat, West Indies. their susceptibility to failure. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, ID: 1789 Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 33. nd Au: Douligeris, Christos; Collins, John. Co: 2 Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Ti: Prototype oil spill information management Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. system. Ab: On 18, July 1995, after almost three years of So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard irregularly increasing seismicity, phreatic explosions management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the opened a vent at the Soufriere Hills volcano, about 4 West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, km east of the capital city of Plymouth, Montserrat, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 7. West Indies. A programme of primarily airborne gas Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and measurements using the COSPEC (correlation Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. spectrometer) method to assess SO2 emissions was Ab: The Oil Spill Information Management System initiated to help monitor the unrest. Excellent (OSIMS) is an integrated information management logistical support allowed almost daily flights from tool providing a graphical interface to an object- late July to early September, 1995. The SO2 data correlated well with seismic and observational data 220 and helped constrain hypotheses regarding the unrest. erupting volcano and experienced severe damage, the These measurements implicated magma in the unrest National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration four months before the first arrival of juvenile (NOAA), the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material at the surface. COSPEC measurements (FAA), and the U.S. Geological Survey have formally began on 29, July 1995, a day after phreatic implemented the Volcano Hazards Alert Plan, a explosions opened a second vent (Vent 2) in cooperative, operational system to coordinate English's Crater, an easterly directed breach in the information on ongoing eruptions and issue warnings summit of the Soufriere Hills volcano and the site of of the presence of air-borne ash to aviation interests. the youngest volcanic activity on the island. Initial The plan is activated whenever an eruption occurs SO2 values of 300100 tonnes per day (t/d) were which may endanger aircraft within U.S. Flight detected until 4 August 1995 when a value of 800 t/d Information Regions (FIRs). The Synoptic Analysis was measured shortly after a seismic signal, indicative Branch of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, of a steam emission event had occurred. This and Information Service (NESDIS) provides heralded the 5-6 August 1995 seismic swarm which information at 3 to 12 hour intervals on the location was interpreted to be the manifestation of magma and time of the eruption, estimated height and being intruded to shallow levels. Maximum COSPEC horizontal distribution of the ash cloud and estimated measurements during the swarm were 1200t/d. This direction of movement to the National Weather value fell to about 200t/d after the swarm was over, Service and the FAA, which transmit appropriate and over the next two weeks COSPEC warnings to aviators. Currently under development at measurements held steady at about 150t/d. A second NESDIS are procedures to provide more timely seismic swarm (13 August, 1995) centered on a access to high resolution Advanced Very High complex of older domes northwest of the Soufriere Resolution Radiometer imagery, and Total Ozone Hills and had no effect on SO2 emissions. This is Mapping Spectrometer data using modern consistent with the interpretation that this second communication links, and workstation technology. seismic swarm was due to crustal readjustments and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. not to another batch of magma moving to shallow levels. On 21 August 1995, SO2 values fell abruptly ID: 1792 to background levels after a third period of intense Au: Alvarez, Leonardo. shallow seismicity. The decrease in SO2 was Ti: Seismic hazard and seismic zoning of Jamaica: a coincident with an abrupt decrease in tremor. From preliminary approach. this period until 02 September, 1995 when COSPEC So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard measurements ceased, SO2 levels only deviated from management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the background levels briefly (and then only slightly West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, above background) immediately after a third vent Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 5. opened on 27 August 1995. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: General features of seismicity of North Central ID: 1791 Caribbean region were established from earthquake Au: Swanson, Grace; Stephens, George. data. They were used together with regional Ti: Satellite monitoring of volcanic hazards to neotectonic characteristics for delineating main aircraft. seismic source zones. Seismic hazard assessment in So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard terms of intensity was performed with program Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the SACUDIDI. Initial data (rate of seismicity, intensity West Indies. Dept. of Geography and Geology. Unit attenuation, maximum magnitude, focal depths) were for Disaster Studies, 1996. 22. specially prepared or taken from papers or reports. nd Co: 2 Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and As main results, recurrence periods for different Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. intensities in points of a regular grid were obtained. Ab: Ash clouds from erupting volcanoes pose serious Seismic zoning was performed, instead of selecting a hazards to aircraft flying through them. particular hazard map (intensities for a given Environmental satellite data offer a means of recurrence period or given waiting time and detecting volcanic eruptions in order to issue timely probability level), by classification of recurrence warnings. Ash plumes may be detected by visible or periods of different intensities, with the aim of a infrared sensors during daylight hours, and by logical-combinatorial algorithm of non supervised infrared sensors at night. Ash drift direction may be pattern recognition included in system correlated with radiosonde wind data to estimate ash PROGNOSIS. Results -group of points with similar cloud altitudes. In response to several situations hazard behaviour, characterised by one of them called where jet aircraft flew into the ash cloud of an "holotype" - are presented in a zoning map together 221 with curves of recurrence periods vs. intensity for West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, holotypes. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 30. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. ID: 1793 Ab: Montserrat is one of the islands forming the inner Au: Ambeh, William B; Miller, Angus; White, Randy; volcanically active segment of the Lesser Antilles arc. Power, John A. The Soufriere Hills Volcano, located in the southern Ti: Seismicity during the current eruption of the part of the island, started erupting on 18, July 1995 Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. for the first time since European colonization of the So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard island in 1632. However, during the past 100 years, management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the the seismicity of Montserrat has been dominated by West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, the occurrence of long duration, major earthquake Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 31. swarms or volcano-seismic crises in 1897-98, 1933-37 Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and and 1966-67. None of these was accompanied by an Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. eruption although there are increased activity at some Ab: The Soufriere Hills volcano, located in southern of the Soufrieres and possible minor ground Montserrat, started erupting on 18 July 1995 after deformation in the southern part of the island during about 400 years of quiescence. The eruption has been the 1966-67 episode. Seismicity preceding the 18 July going on for almost one year and has moved through 1995 eruption was dominated by energy release in the an initial phase of phreatic eruptions to one presently form of episodic earthquake swarms. During the dominated by the slow and quiet emplacement of a period January 1992 to 17, July 1995, eighteen low to lightly degassed andesitic lava dome whose over- moderate intensity earthquake swarms of variable steepened sides occasionally collapse to produce durations ranging from a few hours to several days pyroclastic flows. During the current eruption a occurred in Montserrat. In June 1994, because of one broad spectrum of seismic signals, including volcano- of these earthquake sequences which was slightly tectonic earthquakes, long period earth quakes, more intense, the Seismic Research Unit increased hybrid earthquakes and tremor, has been recorded by the number of seismic stations in Montserrat from a nine-station seismic network. This network was an the pre-existing two (which were telemetered to upgrade during the first two weeks of the eruption of Trinidad) to six, with data from five of the stations a pre-eruption network of two permanent and four being recorded on a PC locally, as well as continuing temporary seismic stations operated by the Seismic transmission of signals from the original two stations Research Unit. To date, more than 50,000 to Trinidad. These swarms are often characterised by earthquakes have been detected of which more than a non-stationarity of events within them, i.e., there is l1,000 have been located. Most of the located clustering of earthquakes into subswarms. earthquakes place in the area beneath and Hypocentres calculated for some of these surrounding the Soufriere Hills volcano at depths in earthquakes yields a spatial distribution of epicentres the range 0-8 km. The seismic events have shown concentrated in southern Montserrat and focal depths both spatial and temporal variations. While the initial generally less than 20km. However, unlike the major (phreatic) phase of the eruptions was dominated by sequences in 1897-98, 1933-37 and 1966-67, no the occurrence of volcano-tectonic earthquakes change in the activity rates at the Soufrieres was (mainly as short duration swarms), their numbers observed during the recent swarms. decreased considerably after the extrusion of the lava Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. dome. Intense, repetitive, hybrid earthquake swarms generally seem to be associated with periods of ID: 1795 increased dome growth while long period events do Au: Morrow, Betty Hearn. not seem to show any specific associations. Current Ti: Surviving the second disaster: social changes in seismic activity is dominated by signals attributable to the aftermath. rockfalls from the growing lava dome. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, ID: 1794 Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 16. Au: Ambeh, William B; Lynch, Lloyd L. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Ti: Seismicity preceding the current eruption of the Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. Ab: The relationship between disaster and social change is So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard an intriguing one. There are obvious ways in which management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the the physical destruction caused by an earthquake or hurricane, as examples, leads to changes in the social 222 structure and culture of a community. Internal powerhouse, bridge and tailrace structures are factors, such as population loss or redistribution, are vulnerable to minor rock falls and floods, to which likely to result in long-term alterations in its they will be appropriately protected. demography and economy. This paper focuses, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. however, on changes precipitated by external forces in the aftermath. Increasingly people and individuals from all over the world respond to disasters-- ID: 1797 converging, often with surprising speed, into stricken Au: McKinnon, Barbara E; Heath, Warren. communities with motives ranging from altruism to Ti: The analysis of earthwork and slope avarice. The effects of the infusion of people, ideas, deterioration from aerial photographs. resources and technologies can be profound, So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard particularly on small, relatively isolated communities, management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the such as the islands of the Caribbean. Using case West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, studies from hurricanes Hugo on St. Croix, Andrew Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 14. in Miami, and Marilyn on St. Thomas, this paper Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and examines several factors, some inherent in the social Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. system itself, others in the nature of the disaster, Ab: Roads, railways and coastlines are all large scale linear influencing the extent and ways in which a disaster- features usually incorporating many earthworks. struck society is likely to be changed. This leads to These earthworks are subject to deterioration and speculation about how communities might mitigate may fail causing serious problems. A significant against the negative effects of these "second number of these failures could be prevented if all disasters". earthworks were monitored frequently and early signs Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of deterioration noted so that improvements could be made. Inspections on foot, however, are very costly and time consuming and therefore are rarely ID: 1796 undertaken. A technique to monitor earthworks and Au: Sergio, Mora C; Jimenez, Oscar; Madrigal, Carlos. provide information for their repair has been Ti: The Rio Toro landslide dam and its implications developed at the Transport Research Laboratory on the construction of a hydro-power plant, (TRL)). It has been used in a number of countries Costa Rica. including Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines and Jordan So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard to record and analyse slope conditions on more than Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the 700 km of road. The analysis procedure employed is West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. designed to be used on linear features, when many Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 16. earthworks have to be evaluated quickly and Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and inexpensively, and concise information about their Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. location and cause of deterioration is required. Ab: A large landslide occurred during the night of 12-13 Details of the technique used to record earthworks June 1992, 700m upstream of the Power House site and description of the analysis procedure is provided, of Toro 2 hydroelectric project under construction. A with an example showing the results for one combination of factors contributed to the slide of particular section of road in the Philippines. 2.5X10 6m3 pond. The debris dam was composed of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 70 percent large rock boulders (columnar lavas, volcanic breccia) several decimeters to decameters in diameter and 30 percent pyroclasts, soils and ID: 1798 vegetation debris. The destruction of the dam Au: Krebs, Wolf; Krebs, Ingeborg. occurred progressively from June 16 to July 14. By Ti: The effect of the Soufriere Volcano on the coastal the end of September there were practically no sea life in the west of Montserrat. remains of the dam. The debris was carried So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard downstream and aggraded from 20 to 30m the course management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the of the river at the power house site. In September, West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. 1964, the river has re-excavated the course 10-15m. It Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 40. is estimated that the river will find its former level in Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and 8-10 years. The stability of the slope behind the Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. power house was re-evaluated through field reconnaissances, drill holes, geophysical prospection and calculations. It is estimated that the slope is stable in terms of large slides, but the penstock, 223 Ab: Healthy coral reefs are found along the western coast ID: 1799 of Montserrat wherever rocky outcroppings provide Au: Sergio, Mora C. substrate for their development. Since July 1995, the Ti: The impact of natural hazards on socio- Soufriere Hills volcano had frequent phreatic economic development in Costa Rica. eruptions. The prevailing easterly winds have So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, Hazards and Hazard transported the airborne volcanic ash predominantly Management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the into the sea south of Bransby Point. Rain water West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, transported ash that was deposited on land into the Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 15. sea via rivers and ghauts. Both models of pollution Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and had different effects on the marine biosphere. The Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. airborne ash fell on the surface of the sea over a large Ab: Important contributions in identifying natural hazards area. As it sank slowly to the bottom, the currents and vulnerability in Costa Rica have been made by further diluted the material. Thus an effect on the individuals and institutions, however, relatively little reefs was only seen after the largest of the eruptions. effort has been aimed towards prevention, In these cases mainly marine algae suffered. It took preparedness ad mitigation of natural disasters. about two to three weeks for them to regenerate. The Recognition and prevention campaigns which were ash that was washed down the rivers entered the sea initiated in the late 1980's and early 1990's lacked in high concentration (mud) and it was deposited momentum and their benefits have vanished without around the mouths of the rivers or ghauts. The reef the required continuity. Heavy economic losses adjacent to the mouth of was monitored. caused by natural disasters such as the Limon-Telire The ash that was washed down the rivers entered the earthquake (April 22, 1991;Mw 7.6; 5 to 8.5 percent sea in high concentration (mud) and it was deposited of 1991 Gross National Product, GNP) and a GNP around the mouths of the rivers or ghauts. The reef loss average of close to 2 percent /year (around US$2 adjacent to the mouth of White River was monitored. billion between 1988 and 1993) should be a In October 1995 a layer of about 20 cm of silt testimonial motivation to reinitiate and improve a covered a large area ranging from the mouth of the general preventive and mitigative programme for river to a depth of about 20cm. In this region the natural hazards. Essential elements in this programme previously healthy reef was completely destroyed. In ere planning and land-use zonation endeavours, the periphery of the silt deposits, the sequence of the design and implementation of expedite information decay of the reef could be studied. At first, after flux systems, education programmes for students as being covered by only a thin film of silt, the green well as the general public and sponsorship for and brown algae died. The next organisms to be multidisciplinary technical groups. The image and affected were sponges. Lighter loads of silt apparently credibility of organisations such as Commission could be cleared away by sucking it through the pores Nacional de Emergencia (CNE) should be appraised of the animals. However, if the silt load got too heavy and strengthened working with specific communities the sponges died. Corals survived the longest due to upon which situations urgently require help in the their ability to clear the silt from their surfaces. The natural hazards field. picture gets somewhat complicated by two hurricanes Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and a tropical storm in August and September 1995 and by torrential rainfalls in December 1995. In addition to the new volcanic material, these storms washed huge amounts of old soil into the sea. Due to ID: 1800 the nature of the tidal currents in Montserrat, there is Au: Grases, Jose. no transportation of material in the sea from the Ti: Uniform design criteria against natural hazards: south of Bransby Point to the North of it and vice the Caribbean case. versa. Ash falls in the region north of Bransby Point So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard are not affected at all by the volcanic activity. management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the Eventual changes in these reefs must be attributed West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. solely to the effect of the storms. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 11. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996.

224 Ab: Recent revisions of the selection of seismic maximum make it more interesting and lively. This tool can be ground motions to be used for the design and/or used to educate the public as a distant learning safety evaluation of critical dams state that such technique, especially considering the geographical works should be capable of withstanding the nature of the distribution of Caribbean islands. This expected effects of the maximum credible website is available at URL, earthquakes at the site. This implies the review of a http//wwwphysics.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/staff/visit number of dams located in seismic-prone areas, /abraham/climate/quiz.HTML. upstream of important population centres and, most Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. important, represents a more conservative strategy in the engineering approach to dam design. In parallel ID: 1802 to this, currently used earthquake resistant code Au: Gorham, Richard J. design criteria are based on maximum ground Ti: Waterborne disease control in natural disasters. motions which have been selected upon annual So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard exceedences, far smaller than those accepted for the management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the selection of maximum wind design velocities, West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. whatever, the definition used for 'sustained velocity'. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 11. The fact that during the last five centuries, the vast Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and majority of the Caribbean countries have been Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. affected several times by destructive hurricanes, Ab: Natural disasters can have profound deleterious earthquakes and tsunamis, makes the previous issue a effects on public and private water systems. These critical one for short and long term planning and negative impacts also pose a threat to the public's development. It seems desirable, that long term health through the effects of hazardous materials mitigation strategies against the threat of natural released into the environment by the disaster or hazards should follow unified criteria, associated with through the transmission of waterborne or water- acceptable costs as well as with a reasonably small associated diseases. Natural disasters, especially probability of an unacceptable performance. This floods, may cause sewage contamination of water paper discusses these particular issues, with emphasis supplies and cause the proliferation of mosquitoes, on the expected structural reliability of presently flies and rats. One of the major health consequences enforced seismic design codes. of disasters is contamination of the water supply by Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. pathogenic microbes. Prevention and control of waterborne diseases in the disaster area falls within the purview of the preventive medicine team. ID: 1801 Protection of the health of emergency responders is Au: Roy, Abraham K; Chen, A. A. given high priority. Provision of emergency supplies Ti: Using WWW as an education and teaching tool of potable water, restoration of water-treatment and for disaster awareness. sewage-treatment systems, food-service inspections, So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard testing of water supplies for coliforms, sanitation in management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the emergency shelters and environmental sanitation in West Indies. Dept. of Geography and Geology. Unit general, monitoring and suppression (if necessary and for Disaster Studies, , 1996. 1. feasible) of pest and vector populations, Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and epidemiological surveillance and disease control, and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. collaboration with local health workers are all Ab: In this era of information explosion and the easy important activities of the preventive medicine team. accessibility of information super high way, World Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Wide Web (WWW) can be used as a teaching and educational tool as well as for generating public ID: 1803 awareness about the disasters. Using different tools Au: Oostdam, Ben L. available in the Hyper Text Markup Language Ti: World Wide Web against Caribbean natural (HTML) such as fill out forms, image maps, hazards and disasters. Common Gateway Interface (CGI), images and So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Science, hazards and hazard animation, it is possible to make the web sites more management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the educational and informative. Such an attempt has West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. been made in this study to educate the public about Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 18. the fundamentals of hurricanes through WWW. In Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and this case, through a quiz, the various aspects of a Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. hurricane are explained using images and animation. Ab: Results are presented of investigations of the actual The interactive nature of the website is designed to and potential use of World Wide Web in the ongoing 225 battle against natural hazards and disasters in the ID: 1805 Caribbean. WWW can be successfully used in linking Au: Maul, George A. ed. investigators, coastal zone management experts, Ti: Small islands: marine science and sustainable emergency preparedness managers, relevant development. Government Agencies and NGO's, as well as the Pub: Washington, D. C; American Geophysical Union; general public. The need for improvements in 1996. 467. connectivity between isolated and possible Co: Small isalnds: marine science and sustainable mechanisms for funding of acquisition, maintenance development; s.l, 8-10, Nov. 1993. and training in WWW use is assessed and compared Ab: Small islands developing states (SIDS) were with present communication techniques. Summaries recognized at the 1992 United Nations Conference are presented and analysed of interviews with and Development Conference [UNCED] as requiring emergency management officials and others involved special attention by the scientific community in order in the 1995 Caribbean hurricane season and of to address problems associated with sustainable reports by and communications with authorities economic development and coastal area management. involved in emergency management of earthquakes The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and volcanic eruptions in analogous tectonic island of UNESCO convened a meeting on small island arc settings of Indonesia and Japan. In addition to oceanography (Martinique, 8-10 November 1993) real time use during and immediately after disasters. that brought together specialist from marine science, WWW can play a vital and preventative and pro- geography, hydrology, ecology, fisheries, active role in increasing public awareness, reversing management, economics and sociology. Thirty the still prevalent passive attitude against natural participants from 15 countries and SIDS in the disasters, improving and making environmental Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans approach the education more relevant, and promoting appropriate challenge from UNCED with cross-cutting lectures, codification, legislation and enforcement of zoning, debates, and problem solving exercises focusing on construction, insurance and emergency measures. It is the three "c's" of successful interdisciplinary also proposed that the network of organisations to be endeavor: communication, collaboration and established according to one of the major stated coordination. Oceanographic science information to objectives of the Conference commit itself to the support coastal zone management was deemed constructive use of the Internet and teleconferencing essential to the following most critical and related in order to speed up communications and to publish SIDS issue areas: (1) water quality; (2) natural hazards its proceedings on the World Wide Web in addition prediction and response planning; (3) harvest of to more conventional, slower and much less living marine resources; (4) shoreline coastal accessible means of printed Proceedings. dynamics; and (5) habitat conservation. Cross-cutting Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. solutions to these five issue areas emphasize the need for numerical modelling, enhance monitoring and inter-calibrations, education and training, data ID: 1804 sharing, regional coordination and networking, and Au: Rivero Vega, Roger E; Garcia Bargados, Dositeo R; appropriate methodology development of for Rivero Jaspe, Roger R. decision making, In particular, quantitative data from Ti: Sistema de alerta temprana de la sequia agriola : coastal physical oceanography was identified as the experiencias de su uso durante la emergencia highest priority in an issue/solution matrix, and the ganadera de 1995-96 en Camaguey. expanded use of PC or workstation computer models Pub: Camaguey; s.n; 1996. 10. that integrate the physical environment with socio- Co: Forum Provincial de Ciencia y T‚cnica, 11; economic response such as climate change, sea level Camaguey, Nov. 1996. rise, and population growth was recommended. Ab: El balance hidrico de los ecosistemas y el contenido Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. de humedad del suelo constituyen par metros relevantes para el desarrollo vegetativo de los bosques, cultivos y pastizales, los cuales est n en ID: 1806 relación directa con la productividad primaria de Ti: Solid waste management project, sewerage and ecosistemas naturales y artificiales y determina la sewage treatment component interim report. producción de biomasa y los rendimientos agricolas. So: Castries; Organization of Eastern Caribbean States Expone un sistema de alerta temprana de la sequia (OECS); 1996. agricola, las experiencias obtenidas, durante la sequia, Lo: St. Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. y los beneficios económicos y sociales de su aplicación durante la emergencia ganadera. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. 226 ID: 1807 ID: 1809 Ti: The home companion: guide disaster Au: Barrett, Mearle. preparedness. Ti: Waste management opportunities in developing So: Castries; ISIS; 1996. countries: Paper prepared for presentation at the Lo: St. Lucia, Hunter J. Francois Library. 18th Canadian waste management conference, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, October, 1996. So: s.l; s.n; 1996. 5. ID: 1808 Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Au: Tuitt, Carol. Ti: The socio-psychological impact of ongoing volcanic activity on the lives of people in ID: 1810 Montserrat. Au: Pan American Health Organization. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. The science, hazards and hazard Ti: Barbados: disaster and emergency medicine management: abstracts. Kingston, University of the course. West Indies. Department of Geography and Geology. So: Disasters; (65):4, Jan. 1996. Unit for Disaster Studies, 1996. 39. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: On 18 July 1995, the lives of the approximately ID: 1811 10,000 people living on the island of Montserrat were Au: Pan American Health Organization. changed dramatically as the Soufriere Hills volcano Ti: The internet: tending to the basics. sprang to life. While life has been particularly difficult So: Disasters; (65):1+, Jan. 1996. for the 4000 persons who have had to be relocated in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the interest of safety, no resident on the island has been untouched by this crisis situation. The impact, from an economic/developmental standpoint, has ID: 1812 been tremendous, but more so, in the socio- Au: Pan American Health Organization. psychological sphere. It is the latter which is the Ti: Tradewinds 1996. focus of this study. A series of counselling sessions So: Disasters; (65):4-5, Jan. 1996. are being held with persons from all walks of life, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. relocated or not, both in groups and with individuals. Stress levels are extremely high as the activity nears its one year mark, and this is manifested in a number ID: 1813 of ways. This includes feelings of hopelessness, Au: Pan American Health Organization. helplessness and displacement; irritability and Ti: Workshop on joint civilian military public health increased aggressiveness, reduced capacity for humanitarian interventions. decision making, poor concentration and short-term So: Disasters; (65):2, Jan. 1996. memory. The limitation in available accommodation Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. has forced separation of family members on one hand, or overcrowding on the other, as persons attempt to deal with this problem. Reports of ID: 1814 increased sexual activity, less attention to Au: Shaklee, Ranold V. rules/regulations and reduced ability to focus on Ti: Tropical cyclone frequency in the Bahamas 1900- academics have been raised among youths. While for 94. others, loss of employment, impending layoffs and So: Bahamas Journal of Science; 3(2):23-9, Feb.1996. reduction in work hours are raising the panic button. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Conversely, terms such as broadband tremor, pyroclastic flows, dome growth and EDM ID: 1815 measurement have taken on new meaning, and are Au: Pan American Health Organization. now part of the vernacular of the youngest child, as Ti: Defining the military role in humanitarian an island looks on with awe at the wonders of nature. assistance. For the first time since activity started, people are So: Disasters; (66):3, Apr. 1996. now coming to terms with the reality of the situation Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and are understanding the long-term repercussions of this crisis. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

227 ID: 1816 ID: 1824 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Montserrat volcano threatens. Ti: WHO issues new international guidelines for So: Disasters; (66):5, Apr. 1996. Drug Donations. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Disasters; (67):1, Jul. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1817 Au: Pan American Health Organization. ID: 1825 Ti: Prevention – mitigation - preparedness: who Au: Perdersen, Scott C; Genoways, Hugh; Freeman, should lead?. Patricia W. So: Disasters; (66):1, 7, Apr. 1996. Ti: Notes on bats from Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. with comments concerning the effects of Hurricane Hugo. So: Caribbean Journal of Science; 32(2):206-13, ID: 1818 Aug.1996. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ab: From August 1993 to August 1994, bats were Ti: Project on disaster preparedness in Eastern surveyed on Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. Four years Caribbean. after this small volcanic island was struck by So: Disasters; (66):4, Apr. 1996. Hurricane Hugo (1989), there remains a 20-fold Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. decrease in bat populations as compared to levels before Hugo. After the hurricane, compositions of the community shifted from smaller fungivorous ID: 1819 species to one of more omnivorous and larger Au: Pan American Health Organization. fungivorous species. With the addition of a new Ti: Safe hospitals by the Year 2001. record for Sturnira thomasi, voucher specimens from So: Disasters; (66):1-2, Apr. 1996. Montserrat exist for ten species of Chiroptera: Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. Noctilio lrporinus, Monophylus plethodon, Sturnira thomasi, Chiroderma improvisum, Artibeus ID: 1820 jamaicensis, Ardops nichollsi, Brachyphylla Au: Pan American Health Organization. cavernarum, Natallus stramineus, Tardarida Ti: University of Puerto Rico launches disaster brasiliensis and Molosus molossus. management program. Lo: UWI, Science Library. So: Disasters; (66):4, Apr. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1826 Au: Moreno, Carmen. ID: 1821 Ti: Salud ambiental con posterioridad a desastres : Au: Pan American Health Organization. cuaderno de referencia para los técnicos de Ti: Barbados: training in disaster and emergency saneamiento ambiental, código 2.10.2. medicine. Pub:s.n; 1996. 22. So: Disasters; (67):4, Jul. 1996. Ab: Documento en el que se define y clasifican los Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. desastres, así como se exponen las características diferenciales de los mas frecuentes en la región. En su parte intermedia se tratan los conceptos de ID: 1822 planificación y medidas de prevención para desastres, Au: Pan American Health Organization. así como las fases por las que atraviesa la Ti: Jamaica: UWI sponsors course on geological preparación para los desastres. Posteriormente se risks. describen cada una de las actividades de saneamiento So: Disasters; (67):5, Jul. 1996. ambiental que deben ejecutar los técnicos de Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. saneamiento después del impacto. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.

ID: 1823 ID: 1827 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Au: Pan Anerican Health Organization. Ti: The regional disaster documentation center six Ti: Looking beyond hospitals to other health years of distribution. lifelines. So: Disasters; (67):2, Jul. 1996. So: Disasters; (68):1+, Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 228 ID: 1828 ID: 1831 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Au: Li, Chun; Jones, Brian; Blanchon, Paul. Ti: St Lucia new web site under construction. Ti: Lagoon-shelf sediment exchange by storms- So: Disasters; (68):5, Oct. 1996. evidence from foraminiferal assemblages, East Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Coast of Grand Cayman, British West Indies. So: Journal of Sedimentary Research; 67(1):17-25, Jan. ID: 1829 1997. Au: Blanchon, Paul; Jones, Brian; Kalbfleisch, William. Ab: This study (1) identifies the foraminiferal species that Ti: Anatomy of a fringing reef around Grand can be used for tracing sediment movement, (2) Cayman: storm rubble, not coral framework. considers the size distributions of those species So: Journal of Sedimentary Research; 67(1):1-16, Jan. across the shelf, and (3) develops a model that 1997. explains the movement of sediment on this shelf Ab: The authors describe the zonation, anatomy and during severe storm conditions. architecture of a fringing reef complex around Grand Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.. Cayman in order to assess the relative importance of storm processes on reef development. By integrating ID: 1832 data from aerial and sonar profiles, sediment analysis, Au: Rahmstorf, Stefan. cores, and underwater sections, it is shown that Ti: Risk of sea-change in the Atlantic. hurricanes control the anatomy of the fringing-reef So: Nature; 388(6645):825-26, 28 Aug.1997. complex and dictate where the reef develops on the Ab: Emissions of greenhouse gases could weaken or even shelf. In addition, consideration of how these half ocean overturning in the North Atlantic, radically hurricane processes interact with sea-level rise allows altering the regional climate. It seems that the rate of us to propose a process-response model of reef greenhouse-gas increase may be as important as the development that not only explains lateral final concentrations reached. architectural variations along the fringing-reef Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. complex but also provides a mechanism by which fringing reefs can develop into barrier reefs and ID: 1833 eventually into atolls. Au: Ekwue, E. L; Stone, R. J; Smith, R. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Statistical analysis of Caribbean rainfall data: formulating linear models relating dependable ID: 1830 rainfall to mean monthly rainfall. Au: Bender, Michael A. So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 19(2):49-58, Jan. Ti: Effect of relative flow on the asymmetric 1997. structure in the interior of hurricanes. Ab: Monthly aggregate rainfall for 25 stations in the So: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 54(6):703-24, English-speaking Caribbean region were analysed 15 Mar. 1997. using the computer software, RAINBOW in order to Ab: Asymmetric structure of tropical cyclones simulated obtain rainfall values with different levels of by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory high probability. Most of the monthly aggregate rainfall resolution triply nested movable-mesh hurricane data for the stations were homogeneous and log- model was analysed. Emphasis was placed on the normally distributed. The method to be used to quasi-steady component of the asymmetric structure obtain the rainfall values of different probabilities in the region of the eyewall. It was found that the using the given parameters of the log-normal asymmetry was primarily caused by the relative wind, distribution is described. Simple linear regression that is, the flow entering and leaving the storm region models were developed to relate dependable rainfall relative to the moving storm. A set of idealized at 20, 50 and 80 percent probability levels to mean numerical experiments was first performed both with monthly aggregate rainfall for individual stations as a constant and a variable Coriolis parameter (f) and well as for the entire English-speaking Caribbean the addition of basic flows that were either constant region. The dependable rainfall of some other 10 or sheared with height. Analysis was then made for Caribbean stations estimated by the derived models one case of Hurricane Gilbert (1988) to demonstrate were close to the published values. The use of these that the quasi-steady asymmetric structure analyzed in models is expected to remove the tedium involved in the idealized studies could be identified in this real obtaining such rainfall probability data particularly for data case. locations with insufficient recorded data. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

229 ID: 1834 afford easy and quick access to updated data which Au: Montserrat Volcano Observatory Team. can be used for graphical presentation, for statistical Ti: The ongoing eruption in Montserrat. analysis and for inputs to research programmes. So: Science; 276(5311):371-2, 18 Apr. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1839 Au: Turk, Michael A. ID: 1835 Ti: Analysis of an objective Dvorak Technique Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. during the 1995 hurricane season. Ti: Monthly weather summary (part A 1997). So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard So: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1997. management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for ID: 1836 Disaster Studies, 1997. 38-42. Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Ti: Monthly weather summary (part B 1997). Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. So: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1997. Ab: The Dvorak technique is the internationally Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. recognized means of estimating tropical cyclone intensity using satellite imagery. A drawback of the ID: 1837 technique is that it can be highly subjective. This Au: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. paper analyzes an improved objective satellite Ti: Natural hazards and hazard management in the technique for use on strong tropical storms and greater Caribbean and Latin America. hurricanes. The objective technique uses the warmest So: Kingston; University of the West Indies, Department eye temperature and the coldest surrounding ring of Geography and Geology,Unit for Disaster Studies, temperature to determine the final T number. The 1997. 235 unusually active 1995 Actlantic hurricane season Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and provided the basis for a preliminary analysis of the Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. objective technique. An initial study based on this Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. single season revealed that (1) a negative bias existed in the Satellite Analysis Branch's subjective Dvorak ID: 1838 estimates compared to reconnaissance observed Au: Chen, A. A; McTavish, J; Abraham K, Roy. mean sea level pressure observations; (2) a negative Ti: A Caribbean data base for thee earth sciences. bias also existed with the objective technique; and (3) So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural Hazards and Hazard a critical review of the current intensity-wind-pressure Management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin relationship is warranted. America. Kingston, Unit for Disaster Studies, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. University of the West Indies, 1997. p.202-11 Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. ID: 1840 Ab: A Caribbean data base developed by the Climate Au: Robinson, Edward; Laughton, Dionne V. Modelling Group, Mona (CMGM) is described. The Ti: Burlington and Jupiter landslides, Rio Grande engine of the database is the Grid Analysis and Valley, Jamaica: comparison with Millibank Display System (GrADS), which is an interactive Landslides as examples of processes producing desktop tool that is currently in use world wide for natural dams. analysis and display of earth science data. GrADS was So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard developed by the Center for Ocean Land management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Atmosphere Studies (COLA) with whom CMGM is America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, associated. The data base presently contains Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for precipitation, temperature and sea level pressure from Disaster Studies, 1997. 56-61. Caribbean stations and, with expanded computing Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and facilities, other earth science data can be added Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. including sea level and ecology data on a gross scale. Ab: Two large, presumably prehistoric landslides in the Data can be presented in graphical form or extracted Rio Grande valley are those at Burlington, at the in an ASCII file. A data base such as the one mouth of the Rio Grande, and at Jupiter, near Moore described, available on the Internet, is a powerful Town. Both these slides are considerably larger than regional resource for researchers and other persons the landslide that blocked the Rio Grande at Millbank interested in climate, hazards and disasters. It can in 1937, impounding a lake. The Burlington 230 landslide has been described briefly in a previous difficult and needing local involvement. Tsunamis publication. The Jupiter landslide is similar in form have affected the whole area from the northern coast to, and has developed over the same geological units, of South America, Costa Rica and , to the as the Millbank slide. Although presumed to be whole arc of the Antilles. It is subject to tsunamis of prehistoric, its geomorphology suggests that it is of tectonic origin associated with the trench and comparatively recent origin, and the nature of the structures cutting the arc. Notable is the 1867 debris indicate that more than one event is involved. tsunami originating in the Anegada trough between Debris from one of the more recent events extended St. Thomas and St. Croix, Virgin Islands, which across the valley floor, with appreciable run-up on the caused 14 to 16 fatalities and was observed opposite side of the valley from which the slide throughout the Caribbean. The 1918 off the originated. Investigation of these landslide features is northwestern corner of Puerto Rico caused 40 continuing. fatalities and extensive damage. The Caribbean area is Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. also subject to rare but destructive tele tsunamis from Atlantic sources. The 1755 tsunamis which affected Lisbon, North Africa and England put waves as high ID: 1841 as 7 metres at Saba and 3.7 metres at Antigua and Au: Worrell Campbell, Jennifer. Dominica. Waves reached the second story of Ti: Caribbean disaster mitigation project: making in buildings in Martinique. The Caribbean may also be roads into the development process. subject to tsunamis generated by volcanic activity as So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard seen by the 1690 landslide on Nevis Peak and an management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin explosion of a mud volcano near Trinidad in 1911. America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Kick-em Jenny, a submarine volcano discovered in Department of Geology and Geography, Unit for 1939, may have generated small, local tsunamis in the Disaster Studies, 1997. 107-11. 1939 or 1990 eruptions (Sigurdsson, 1996) and may Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and in the future produces a larger wave. Landslides are Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. another source of tsunamis. Each type of source Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. produces tsunamis with different characteristics. The risk should be thoroughly evaluated by a multinational effort to improve the history and ID: 1842 predict the effect by using models. Au: Lander, James F. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Caribbean tsunamis: an initial history. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and jhazard ID: 1843 management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Au: Smith, Douglas L. America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Ti: Comparison of seismic attenuation values for Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for events in the Caribbean with those located in Disaster Studies, 1997. 1-18. North America. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Ab: Reports of 50 tsunamis of varying certainty are listed America. Kingston, Unit for Disaster Studies, for the Caribbean beginning with an event off the University of the West Indies, 1997. 43-6 coast of Venezuela in 1530. Fifteen of these have Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and reports of damage associated with them and six have Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. reported fatalities. As a thoroughly research history Ab: Continuing analyses of seismograms for earthquake for the region has not been done, these numbers are event recorded by the University of Florida network approximate and probably low. The author has just yield attenuation coefficients related to the learnt of but not yet seen, a paper on Caribbean geographic origin of the event. Of 34 events subject tsunamis by Myrtle Thorm and Compton Deane at to reanalyses, twenty-one originated in Central and the Civil Engineering Department, University of the South America. Identifiable Lg phases are selected West Indies, St, Agustine, Trinidad written in the late from record of events from North America, but P 1970's. Also given the increase in coastal wave phases were used for those events from the development, a repeat of these events today would circum-Caribbean region. An attenuation coefficient cause much higher damage and fatalities. Although of y = 0.11 per degree is derived from events which the history of the Caribbean area is the longest in the originated in North America. Efforts to Western Hemisphere, the tsunamis history has not independently calculate Q values of 172 to 688. While been studies in detail. The varied colonial past and these y and Q values are comparable to assigned the number of political divisions made such a study values for the eastern United States, significantly 231 higher attenuation is recognized from records of dimensional model. These computer simulations can events from the circum-Caribbean region. Analyses be extremely useful in assessing and mitigating the of events from Central and South America yield y = risk associated with several types of volcanic hazards. 0.15 per degree. These results suggests that Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. attenuation values and resulting hazard assessment should be segregated according to events from specific seismotectonic provinces, and that some ID: 1845 anisotropy may exist in the attenuation of seismic Au: Morrissey, Michael. waves through the circum-Caribbean region. Ti: Curriculum innovation for natural disaster Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. reduction: the experience of the Commonwealth Caribbean. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard ID: 1844 management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Au: Hooper, Donald M; Mattioli, Glen S; Kover, Thomas America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, P. Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Ti: Computer-simulations models of pyroclastic Disaster Studies , 1997. 184-97. flows and hazards at Soufriere Hills volcano, Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Montserrat: applications to hazard assessment. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, ID: 1846 Department of Geography nad Geology, Unit for Au: Suite, Winston H. E. Disaster Studies, 1997. 19-32. Ti: Disaster management training by case study Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and method: its implication to the Caribbean Region. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard Ab: Soufriere Hills Volcano (Montserrat, British West management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Indies) consists of a series of andesitic lava domes. America. Kingston, Unit for Disaster Studies, English's Crater, a horseshoe-shaped depression University of the West Indies, 1997. 177-83. opening to the east north-east, contains the youngest Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and dome prior to the onset of volcanic activity on 18 Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. July 1995 and the creation of the 1995-6 dome Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. complex. The computer code FLOW3D is being used to stimulate several types of volcanic flows that ID: 1847 have been observed or may potentially occur at the Au: Gibbs, Tony. Soufriere Hills. Because of their predominance at Ti: Effects of Hurricane Luis (September 1995) on Soufriere Hills, an understanding of pyroclastic flows structures in Antigua. produced by the disintegration of lava domes is So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard critical. In this study, we concentrate primarily upon management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin pyroclastic flows and lahars, as well as examine an America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, energy-cone model. The programme first constructs a Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for digital terrain model based upon a 3D network of Disaster Studies , 1997. 165-76. (x,y,z) triplets. The triangulated irregular network Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and (TIN) of digitized topographic data serves as the Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. basis for the numerical computations. Gravitational Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. acceleration and flow retardation is interactively calculated for each flow element as it passes over the ID: 1848 finite element net. The shear stress retarding the Au: Abraham K, Roy; Chen, A. A; McTavish, J. flows is divided into three parameters: basal friction, Ti: Generation of a database for the disaster internal viscosity (or viscous drag), and internal management in the Caribbean using WWW. acceleration (or dissipation). Estimated values and So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard limits for these flow parameters are based upon the management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin known distribution of products from Soufriere Hills America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, and the observation of actual flows of various types Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for at other volcanoes. Any desired number of flow paths Disaster Studies , 1997. 212-5. can be traced to their terminations with the velocity Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and displayed on a color scale. An animated eruption Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. image is presented on a computer screen as a three Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 232 ID: 1849 ID: 1852 Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Au: Chin, Myron W. Ti: Hazard and environment geology of Kingston Ti: Possible mitigation strategies for hurricanes and and St. Andrew, Jamaica: field guide. earthquakes in the Caribbean. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural Hazards and Hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 216-27. Disaster Studies, 1997. 88-95. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: The island of Jamaica lies within a 200 km wide, Ab: The Caribbean is affected by geological, climatic and seismically active zone of Neogene left-lateral strike- environmental hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic slip deformation that defines the central section of eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, floods, the boundary between the Caribbean and North drought environmental pollution and deforestation. American plates. The present-day topography on the However, historically, the damage caused earthquakes island has resulted from intensive crustal movements has not been as great as that caused by hurricanes and during Quaternary. The bedrock and neotectonics floods. In this paper therefore, possible mitigation control the landforms and geomorphic processes to a strategies for reducing losses from hurricanes and remarkable degree. Slope instability is notable earthquakes in the Caribbean are discussed with throughout the island. A summary of the particular reference to the Caribbean Uniform physiography, geology and land use is given in Table Building Code (CUBiC) provision for wind and 1 which provides a basis for understanding the earthquake loads. A brief review of these provisions various geohazards and environmental problems on is presented and it is emphasized that there is an the island. urgent need to enforce compliance with the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. requirements of CUBiC and to encourage higher standards of construction quality throughout the Caribbean. Other factors affecting effective ID: 1850 mitigation strategies are outlined and the economics Au: Rogers, Cassandra T. and practicalities of mitigation are discussed against Ti: Landslide hazard data for water shed the background of the attitudes of the Caribbean management and development planning, St peoples at risk and the nature of Caribbean political Lucia, West Indies. administrations. The paper concludes that successful So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard mitigation strategies must involve the close management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin collaboration between the local community and the America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, government agencies and must contain a mixture of Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for immediately visible improvements and of less visible Disaster Studies, 1997. 150-64. but long-term sustainable benefits. In this regard the nd Co: 2 Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and paper recommends the urgent completion of Part 5 Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. of CUBiC which deals with the construction of Small Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Buildings. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1851 Au: Lalor, Dennis. Ti: Natural hazards and insurance industry: report ID: 1853 and recommendations of the working group Au: Adams, Wayne D. established by the Caricom Heads of Ti: Proposed revision to the national building code Government, July 1994. of Jamaica. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. Disaster Studies, 1997. 96-106. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

233 ID: 1854 ID: 1856 Au: Douligeris, Christos; Collins, John. Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Clark, J; Hellin, John; Manning, Paul A. Ti: Prototype oil spill information management S; McDanold, Morag. system. Ti: The potential. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 78-84. Disaster Studies , 1997. 112-23. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: The Oil Information Management System (OSIMS) is Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. an integrated information management tool providing a graphical interface to a database of geographical and other spill related data. OSIMS combines the utility ID: 1857 of Geographic Information system (GIS) with the Au: Abraham K, Roy; Chen, A. A. intelligence of a Decision Support System (DSS), and Ti: Using WWW as an education and teaching tool provide worldwide access through the Internet and for disaster awareness. the World Wide Web (WWW). In this paper we So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard present the main components of OSIMS with an management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin emphasis on oil spill data and environmental data. America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies ,1997. 198-201. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and ID: 1855 Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Au: McKinnon, B; Heath, Warren. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: The analysis of earthwork and slope deterioration from aerial photographs. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard ID: 1858 management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Au: Swanson, Grace; Stephens, George. America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Ti: Volcano detection and monitoring using satellite Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for data. Disaster Studies , 1997. 47-55. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Ab: Roads, railways and coastlines are all large scale linear Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for features usually incorporating many earthworks. Disaster Studies , 1997. 33-7. These earthworks are subject to deterioration and Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and many fail causing serious problems. A significant Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. number of these failures could be prevented if all Ab: Volcanic ash plumes injected into the atmosphere earthworks were monitored frequently and early signs pose dangers to aircraft flying through them. of deterioration noted so that improvements could be Geostationary and polar orbiting meteorological made. Inspections on foot, however, is very costly satellite data offer a means of detecting volcanic and time consuming and therefore are rarely eruptions in order to issue timely warnings. NOAA undertaken on a frequent basis. A technique, known and the U.S Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as ECAT, to monitor earthworks and provide have implemented the Volcano Hazard Plan. This is a information for their repair has been developed at the cooperative, operational system to coordinate Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). The analysis information on ongoing eruptions and issue warnings procedure employed is designed to be used on linear of the presence of airborne ash to aviation interests. features, when many earthworks have to be evaluated The plan is activated whenever an eruption occurs quickly and in expensively, and concise information which may endanger aircraft within continental U.S. about their location and cause of deterioration is Flight Information Regions (FIRs). NESDIS' required. The technique used to record earthworks Synoptic Analysis Branch (SAB) is responsible for the and a description of the analysis procedure is satellite support and overall coordination required for provided with an example showing the results of the the plan. Currently under development at NESDIS is analysis. a procedure to provide more timely access to high Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 234 resolution AVHRR imagery, using modern ID: 1862 communication links and workstation technology. Au: Sharif University of Technology. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Structural engineering, earthquake engineering. So: Tehran; Sharif University of Technology; 1997. Co: 4th International Conference of Civil Engineering; ID: 1859 Tehran, 4-6, May 1997. Au: Gorham, Richard J. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Waterborne disease control in natural disasters. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin ID: 1863 America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Au: Carby, Barbara E. Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Ti: A scientific basis for earthquake contingency Disaster Studies, 1997. 62-70. planning: an example from Jamaica. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and So: In: Sharif University of Technology. Structural Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. engineering earthquake engineering. Tehran, Sharif Ab: Natural disasters have profound deleterious effects on University of Technology, 1997. 345-55. public and private water systems. These negative Co: 4th International Conference of Civil Engineering; impacts also pose a threat to the public's health Tehran, 4-6, May 1997. through the effects of hazardous materials released Ab: Many developing countries initiate national into the environment by the disaster or through the emergency management agencies in response to the transmission of waterborne or water associated impact of a particular disaster. Consequently, a major diseases. Natural disasters, especially floods, may part of the responsibility of these agencies is the cause the contamination of water supplies by sewage preparation for responding to disasters, which and the proliferation of mosquitoes, flies and rats. includes the development of contingency plans. One of the major health consequences of disasters is Many contingency plans however, outline a standard the contamination of the water supply by pathogenic series of actions to be taken regardless of the microbes. Prevention and control of waterborne magnitude of the event. Examination of the diseases in the disaster area fall within the purview of earthquake response plan for Jamaica shows that it is the preventive medicine team. Protection of the not based on any scientific consideration of the health emergency responders is given highest priority. earthquake hazard. For example, the plan does not Provision of emergency supplies of portable water, consider variables such as the location of epicentre or restoration of water-treatment and sewage-treatment the magnitude of the earthquake. The earthquake of systems, food service inspection, testing of water January 13,1993 indicated that in addition to the long supplies for coliforms, sanitation in emergency accepted off-shore source zone for Jamaican shelters and environmental sanitation in general, earthquakes, an on-shore source for large earthquakes monitoring and suppression (if necessary and is a possibility. Although large earthquakes generated feasible) of pest and vector populations, on-shore can be expected to cause a much higher epidemiological surveillance and disease control, level of death, injuries, dislocation and damage, the collaboration with local health workers are all plan has not been updated to take this into important activities of the preventive medicine team. consideration. This paper reviews historical Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. information, recent instrumental data, and geology, and proposes an approach to earthquake contingency planning based on analysis of these factors. ID: 1860 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Ti: Palisadoes - Port Royal, protecting our natural and cultural heritage. ID: 1864 Pub:Kingston; NRCA; 1997. 30. Au: Chen, A. A; Roy, A; McTavish, J; Taylor, M; Marx, L. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Ti: Using SST anomalies to predict flood and drought conditions for the Caribbean.

Pub:Calverton; Centre for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere ID: 1861 Studies; 1997. 39. Au: National Environmental Societies Trust. Ab: Rainfall patterns in the Caribbean are investigated Ti: Strategic plan action 2001. with particular emphasis on periods of flood and Pub:Kingston; National Environmental Societies Trust; drought. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) 1997. 14. analysis of the rainfall in May-June-July (MJJ), one of Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. the two rainy seasons, reveals a significant component having periodicity similar to that of El 235 Nino. Statistical and graphical analyses confirm that ID: 1868 the heaviest MJJ rainfall occurs in the year following Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and an El Nino event. Numerical experiments, using the Emergency Management.; Mitigation Planning & Centre for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA) Research Division. general circulation model and observed sea surface Ti: Damage assessment report, flooding: parish of temperature (SST) boundary conditions, confirm a Trelawny for the November -December 1995. connection between the Pacific and Caribbean SST So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness anomalies and the MJJ precipitation. Statistical and and Emergency Management., 1997. 8. EOF analyses also suggest a link between Climate Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Prediction Center NINO3 and NINO4 SST and the Emergency Management. Caribbean SST anomaly. Results of an investigation of the Caribbean wind stress patterns could be a manifestation of an El Nino type signal, but other ID: 1869 explanations are possible. The various results indicate Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and that SST measurements might be employed as a Emergency Management., Mitigation Planning & predictor for Caribbean flood and drought Research Division. conditions. Ti: Damage assessment report: parish of Clarendon Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. for the period May - October 1995. So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; 1997. 32. ID: 1865 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Mitigation Emergency Management. Planning and Research Department. Ti: Catalogue of major incidents and disasters for 1559 - 1996. ID: 1870 Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1997. 50. Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; Mitigation Planning & Emergency Management. Research Division. Ti: Vulnerability assessment and recommendations: Nightingale Grove St. Catherine. ID: 1866 Pub: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and and Emergency Management.; 1997. 37. Emergency Management.; Mitigation Planning & Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Research Division. Emergency Management. Ti: Damage assessment report flooding: parish of St. Ann for the period November - December 1995 . Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 1871 Emergency Management; 1997. 11. Au: McElroy, Jerome L; de Albuquerque, Klaus. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Ti: Community and the NGO initiatives in coastal Emergency Management. conservation: lessons from Antigua and Barbuda. So: Caribbean Geography; 8(1):18-31, Mar. 1997. Ab: Like other small Caribbean micro-states, Antigua- ID: 1867 Barbuda has heavily promoted tourism to modernise Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and its former colonial sugar economy. Three decades of Emergency Management., Mitigation Planning & free market growth, however, suggest the island's Research Division. tourism path is non-sustainable. Unbridled Ti: Damage assessment report flooding: parish of St. development of large-scale infrastructure and foreign James for the period November - December 1995. financed hotel-marina resorts along delicate coastlines So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness has caused lost of wetlands, endemic species, and and Emergency Management., 1997. 17. pre-Columbian settlement sites, and spawned illegal Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and sand mining, beach erosion and near shore pollution. Emergency Management. these coastal stresses have continued despite protective legislation, either ignored or unenforced, and the conservation effort of local citizens and non- government organizations. Four case studies of instances of irreversible environmental damage are reviewed. Results indicate a sharp public policy reversal is warranted to sustain coastal assets for 236 future commercial (tourists) and recreational Ab: This paper begins with the general introduction to the (resident) value. This shift toward a more sustainable volcanic geology of the Eastern Caribbean and then path is needed for three reasons: (1) the current outline the main elements involved in volcanic hazard context of heavy external debt and limited resources assessment. It traces the historical development and available for restoring past damage, (2) the current surveillance of the Eastern Caribbean governments pervasive control of coastal resource volcanoes, examines the nature of the volcanic use and its minimal success in diversification, and (3) hazards and volcanic crisis in the region and focuses the gradual maturation of Antigua towards becoming briefly on eruptions in the twentieth century. Finally, a high-density mass tourism destination where the question of eruption forecasting and eruptive crowding, asset loss, and declining visitor satisfaction probability is discussed. The authors contend that are more the rule than the exception. The direction volcano monitoring should form a part of an overall for change involves comprehensive planning, strategy designed to better cope with the hazards of environmental education, training, and monitoring in volcanic activity in the region. participatory decision-making. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1874 Au: Pan American Health Organization. ID: 1872 Ti: Caribbean and Latin American countries discuss Au: de Graff, Jerome V. chemical accidents. Ti: Evaluating the sustainable development of the So: Disasters; (69):5, Apr. 1997. Kingston watersheds in Jamaica, 1980-93. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Caribbean Geography; 8(1):46-56, Mar.1997. Ab: An evaluation study is carried out of development activity undertaken in the watershed around Kingston ID: 1875 in the period 1983-93. These watersheds are not only Ti: Internet and disaster and epidemic management: important for agriculture but for Kingston’s water all passengers aboard! supply. An attempt is made to include the effects of So: Disasters; (69):1+, Apr. 1997. erosion control measures on the water supply in this Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. evaluation. The actual implementation of two projects is compared with three hypothetical ID: 1876 alternatives. Step-by-step the major effects of the Ti: PAHO/IDNDR disaster documentation center alternative activities are analyzed: the cost, the effects expanding. on foreign exchange earnings, the effects on land use So: Disasters; (69):2, Apr. 1997. and soil erosion and the resulting effect on river Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. discharge, reservoir storage and water supply to Kingston. Unfortunately not enough hard data were available to apply a quantitative evaluation method. ID: 1877 Using a qualitative method called 'Regime Analysis' it Au: Carby, Barbara E. was found that for farmers, agriculture and planning Ti: West Indies: university host disaster course. agencies, the activities actually executed, scored better So: Disasters; (69):4, Apr. 1997. than the three alternatives. However, for consumers Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. and water supply organizations, the option with strong emphasis on erosion control scored higher. It ID: 1878 is concluded that in watersheds with important Au: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and functions for both the rural and urban population Emergency Management, Mitigation Planning & more attention should be paid to the monitoring of Research Division. the various effects of the project activities and regular Ti: Damage assessment report: parish of Portland government programmes alike. for the period September 1995 - February 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; Apr. 1997. 50. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and ID: 1873 Emergency Management. Au: Robertson, Richard E. A; Lynch, Lloyd L; Latchman, Joan L. Ti: Volcano surveillance and hazard mitigation in the Eastern Caribbean. So: Caribbean Geography; 8(1):1-16, Mar.1997. 237 ID: 1879 extinction risk is related to population size when Au: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and disturbance is moderate but not when it is Emergency Management., Mitigation Planning & catastrophic. Third, after catastrophic disturbance, Research Division. the recovery rate among different types of organisms Ti: Damage assessment report: parish of St. Thomas is related to dispersal ability. The absence of the for the period September - October 1997. poorer dispersers, lizards, from many suitable islands So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness is probably the result of long-lasting effects of and Emergency Management.; Apr. 1997. 13. catastrophes. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Emergency Management. ID: 1886 ID: 1880 Au: Young, Simon R. Ti: Discover what's new from CRID. Ti: Monitoring on Montserrat: the course of an So: Disasters; (70):4, Jul. 1997. eruption. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Astronomy & Geophysics; 39(2):2.18-2.21, Apr. 1998. ID: 1881 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Dominican Republic: news from the national ID: 1887 mitigation committee. Au: Madramootoo, C. A; Dodds, G. G; Norville Peter. So: Disasters; (70):2, Jul. 1997. Ti: Sustainable hillside farming systems for the Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Eastern Caribbean. So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 21(1):1-9, Jul. ID: 1882 1998. Au: Valdes, Helena Molin. Ab: Soil erosion on tropical hillside lands is an increasing Ti: IDNDR announces theme of next world day. problem. Traditional subsistence farming practices of So: Disasters; (70):5, Jul. 1997. shifting cultivation, especially without soil and water Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. conservation measures are unsustainable. Agronomic and physical measures to reduce soil erosion and render hillside agriculture sustainable are outlined. A ID: 1883 case study in Saint Lucia showed that terraced, Au: Pan American Health Organization. strip-cropped and contour-drained hillside plots had Ti: New disaster office in the Dominican Republic. low rates of soil loss, with the terraced plot showing So: Disasters; (70):4, Jul. 1997. the least soil loss. However, the terraced plot showed Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. the lowest overall crop yield due to soil disturbance during construction and the smaller land areas ID: 1884 available for planting. An economic analysis of Au: Acosta, Edgardo . construction and maintenance costs indicates that Ti: Recent disasters in the region: Montserrat, expensive bench terraces are beyond the means of Mexico, Venezuela. most small farmers, and that government support or So: Disasters; (70):3, Jul.1997. incentives are needed for implementation of these Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. techniques. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1885 Au: Spiller, David A; Losos, Jonathan B; Schoener, ID: 1888 Thomas W. Au: International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Ti: Impact of a catastrophic hurricane on island Ti: The large hydrometeorological disasters. populations. So: Stop Disasters; 34(2):5-11, 1998. So: Science; 281(5377):695-7, 31 Jul. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Lizard and spider populations were censured immediately before and after on ID: 1889 islands differentially affected by the storm surge. The Au: Gaudru, Henry. results support three general propositions. First, the Ti: West Indies dangerous volcanoes: the Soufriere larger organisms, lizards, are more resistant to the Hills in Montserrat. immediate impact of moderate disturbance, whereas So: Stop Disasters; 34(2):17-8, 1998. the more prolific spiders recover faster. Second, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 238 ID: 1890 ID: 1893 Au: Feralta Martín, Alba María. Au: Sen, Gautam; Maurrasse, Florentin; Gold, Mitchell. Ti: Ciclo hidrológico y el medio ambiente. Ti: Double whammy? evidence from volcanogenic Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1998. 15. and meteorite breccia layers in Haiti. Co: Congreso Interamericano del Medio Ambiente, 5; So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Ciudad de La Habana, 17-20 Nov. 1998. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Lo: Cuba, Latin Amercian Centre for Disaster Medicine. Conference. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology 1998. 94. ID: 1891 Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Bureau of Standards. Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. Ti: Jamaican standard specification for standard Ab: As we reported earlier (Maurrasse & Sen, 1991), hollow concrete blocks. Science, 252:1690-1693), a tektite layer (-55 cm thick, So: Kingston; Jamaica Bureau of Standards; 1998. 17. henceforth referred to as Layer T) containing Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica. shocked quartz grains marks the K/T boundary in Beloc area of Haiti. Here we report a newly

discovered, 90 cm thick clastic layer (henceforth ID: 1892 referred to as Layer V) from Platoon Piton, near Au: Trombley, Robert B. Beloc. Spatial correlation indicates that Layer V lies Ti: An improved statistical, long-range, volcano about 7 m below Layer T. The fossiliferous marls, eruption forecasting programme, "eruption". containing foraminifera and nannofossils, that occur So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. above and below Layer V indicate the A. mayaroensis Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological zone. Petrographically, Layer V is composed of Conference (Abstracts). Proceedings of the Fifteenth angular volcanic rock fragments (andesitic) and Caribbean Geological Conference. Kingston, isolated euhedral amphibole phenocrysts that are University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of typical of andisitic lavas. In the field, distinct cross- Geography and Geology, 1998. 95. stratification and lenses occur throughout this layer, th Co: 15 Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, indicating transportation by fluids. We interpret this Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. layer as being a volcanaogenic breccia that has been Ab: Forecasting the time, place, and character of a reworked, probably in the deep marine environment. volcanic eruption is one of the major goals of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. volcanology. It is also one of the most challenging goals to achieve. The current goal is forecasting long- range volcanic eruptions, and the precept of this, is to ID: 1894 provide the best possible long-range forecasts based Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. on the geologic history of the volcanoes under study, Ti: Observations on Jamaican seismicity: 1988-1996. as well as the day-to-day vital signs of the volcanoes So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. in terms of surface deformation, micro-earthquakes, Proceedings of the 15th Caribbean Geological and gas emissions. "Eruption" performs analysis on Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the current available volcano eruption data from both West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and historical and current available eruption and Geology ,1998. 95. measurement data. It produces three forecasts, a Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, statistically projected next eruption year, the next Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. forecasted beginning eruption year with a greater than Ab: In late 1987, the Earthquake Unit at Mona came into 50 percent probability of eruption occurrence and being at agency responsible for operating the Jamaica finally, the next forecasted beginning eruption year Seismograph Network (JSN). The Central Recording with a greater than 95 percent probability of eruption Systems were changed from analogue FM tape to PC occurrence. This software engineering package has based acquisition and processing of data. The last six been under development since 1989. Since the years, 1990-1996, have proven to be the most incorporation of new and improved algorithms in late consistent years of operation of the JSN. As the JSN 1996, the overall results of the ability to forecast by passed into yet another era of change and "Eruption" has yielded a significantly higher and modernization, accomplished in 1997, it became more reliable accuracy rate. Thus, this paper re- necessary to summarize the data captured during the examines the entire forecasting endeavour. period of operation of the Soufriere system in Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Jamaica. An examination of local seismicity was undertaken for the nine years from 1988 to 1996. The studied area lies between latitudes 17.5o and 19.0o N 239 and longitudes 75.5o and 79.0o W. It includes the has been used to characterize the exotics (fragments island of Jamaica and roughly 50 km offshore from of rocks, small boulders, pebbles, etc.) ejected along the coastline. For this work, earthquakes falling with the mud. In terms of oxides content, analytical within these limits are referred to as 'local'. The chemical methods revealed that the mud contains author conducted the following analyses: the some 54 percent Si02, 18 percent AI 2 03 and 6 completeness of the catalogue, relocation of well percent Fe2 O3 as the major oxides. Similarly, while recorded events, focal mechanisms, of teleseismically the free alumina content was found to be 3.9 percent, recorded felt events, epicentral distributions and focal the soluble sulphate, soluble phosphate and organic depth profiles. These enabled conclusions to be made matter content amounted to 0.60, 0.15 and 2.0 about the future of Jamaican seismicity and the percent respectively. Mineralogically, XRD and relationship to local faults. differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed the grey, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. fine-particle size, high plasticity mud to be essentially a kaolinitic clay incorporating some quartz, mica, potash feldspar and calcite. Finally, XRD shows that the major exotics ejected may be grouped as quartz ID: 1895 species, calcite species, siderite (Fe CO3), Au: Robertson, Richard E. A; Jackson, Trevor A; Scott, conglomeratic mudstones and lignitic organics. Peter W. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: Petrology of volcanic rocks in Southern St. Vincent, West Indies. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. ID: 1897 Proceedings of the 15th Caribbean Geological Au: Jackson, Trevor A; Scott, Peter W. Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the Ti: The paleogene volcanic rocks of Cuba and West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Jamaica: similarities and differences. Geology , 1998. 91. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Jun – 2, Jul. 1998. Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the Ab: St. Vincent is composed of a series of north-south- West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and trending stratovolcanic centres (Mt. St. Andrew, Geology 1998. 83. Grand Bonhomme, Unnamed Peak, Richmond-Mt. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Brisbane Centre and Soufriere Volcano), which show Jun.- 2, Jul. 1998. a northward migration with age. The centres are Ab: Paleogene volcanic rocks are exposed in eastern Cuba composed of a succession of lava flows and in the Sierra Maestra Mountain Range, and in eastern pyroclastic deposits. A large portion of the island is Jamaica in the Wagwater Belt of the Port Royal mantled by well-bedded, pyroclastic fall deposits, Mountain Range. In Cuba, the volcanic rocks are produced by eruptions of the Soufriere volcano contained within the El Cobre Group and comprise during the late Pleistocene. basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites and dacites, some Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. of which have been hydrothermally altered. In Jamaica, the volcanic rocks form part of the Wagwater Group and are distinctly bimodal in composition with basalts and dacites being the ID: 1896 dominant rock types. Metasomatism is also evident in Au: Knight, J. C; Scott, J. P; Grierson, L. H. these rocks which have altered to spilites and quartz Ti: The Devil's Woodyard Mud Vulcano of Trinidad: keratophyres. The volcanic rocks of El Cobre show chemistry and mineralogy. tholeiitic and calcalkaline characteristics typical of an So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. island arc assemblage. In the Wagwater Group only th Proceedings of the 15 Caribbean Geological the dacites are calcalkaline, whereas the basalts are Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the described as tholeitic rift-related basalts (RRB). The West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and absence of RRB in the Paleogene island arc of Cuba Geology , 1998. 84. implies that the evolution of the arc-back-arc system th Co: 15 Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, in Cuba was different to that of Jamaica. Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: Analytically, little is documented about the ejecta of mud volcanoes of Trinidad. Consequently, the chemistry and mineralogy of the mud effused at the Devil's Woodyard, Trinidad's largest mud volcano prior to the Piparo eruption in early 1997, have been investigated. In addition, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) 240 ID: 1898 ID: 1906 Au: Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: OECS hospital disaster preparedness project. Ti: Health university and disaster management. So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2: 15, Jan – Jun. 1993 So: Disasters; (72):1, 7, Apr. 1998. Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1899 ID: 1907 Au: Environmental Resources Management (ERM). Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Waste disposal strategy for St. Lucia: final Ti: Tradewinds '98. strategy report. So: Disasters; (72):4, Apr. 1998. Pub: Castries; St. Lucia Solid Waste Management Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Authority (St. Lucia Solid Waste Management.); 1998. Lo: St, Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management. ID: 1908 Au: Pan American Health Organization. ID: 1900 Ti: Airport stimulation exercises underway in the Au: Pan American Health Organization. Caribbean. Ti: Caribbean mass casualty management training So: Disasters; (73):5, Jul. 1998. continues. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Disasters; (71):5, Jan. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1909 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Less paper and more bytes? let the reader ID: 1901 decide!. Au: Pan American Health Organization. So: Disasters; (73):1, 7, Jul. 1998. Ti: Crisis management on the internet: a snapshot of Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. progress in the region. So: Disasters; (71):1, 7, Jan. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1910 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Red Cross launches Caribbean website. ID: 1902 So: Disasters; (73):5, Jul. 1998. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: MCDU focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean. ID: 1911 So: Disasters; (71):3, Jan. 1998. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ti: A closer look at Hurricanes Georges and Mitch. So: Disasters; (74):1, Oct. 1998. ID: 1903 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Up coming meeting of Caribbean disaster ID: 1912 coordinators. Au: Pan American Health Organization. So: Disasters; (71):5, Jan. 1998. Ti: Hospital safety: a collective responsibility. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: Disasters; (74):1, 7, Oct. 1998. Ab: Preventing disaster-related damages in hospitals and other infrastructure is not only the responsibility of ID: 1904 technical health agencies such as PAHO/WHO. The Au: Pan American Health Organization. dimensions of the problems are so great that they Ti: Caribbean MCM instructors' training to be held also require the focused attention and collaboration in Barbados. of international leading agencies. So: Disasters; (72):4, Apr. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1913 ID: 1905 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Hurricane season '98: a double blow from Ti: El Nino: a snapshot of the region. George and Mitch. So: Disasters; (72):5, Apr. 1998. So: Disasters; (74):5, Oct. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 241 ID: 1914 una zona o región determinada. En cambio los Au: Pan American Health Organization. desastres de origen humano abarcan las relaciones Ti: SUMA aerves disaster victims in the Caribbean pol¡ticas, sociales y culturales entre los pa¡ses and in Mexico. establecidos por el propio hombre incluso el So: Disasters; (74):4, Oct. 1998. sabotaje y la guerra, las ocasionan lamentablemente Pr: PAHO/WHO. Supply Management Project. serios daños. Se demostró mediante el m‚todo de la Ab: SUMA, the humanitarian relief supply system, was matríz tridimensional, se logra obtener de una forma mobilized in two emergencies in the Region to assist r pida y eficaz la forma de actuar ante un proceso de in classifying and sorting post-disaster aid and cualquier tipo y la solución del mismo en un período increase the efficiency with which supplies are corto de tiempo. received and distributed to the affected populations. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1917 ID: 1915 Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Rosa Pina, Arbelio de la; Paéz Pardo, Alicia; Delgado Response Agency. Toranzo, María Felix. Ti: CDM for the Caribbean Region. Ti: Enfrentamiento de los desastres naturales y So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):12, Dec 1998. biológicos por el servicio veternario. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub: Ciego de Avila; s.n; 1998. 16. Co: Forum Provincial de Ciencia y Técnica, 12; Ciego de Avila, 27 Oct. 1998. ID: 1918 Ab: Con el objetivo de conocer las causas de mortalidad Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency que en las condiciones nuestras pueden ser afectados Response Agency. por dos tipos de desastres, el natural y el de origen Ti: DFID/UK supports EOC training. biológico realizamos este trabajo. Los desastres So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):3-4, Dec.1998. naturales provocados por inundaciones, huracanes, Lo: Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. terremotos, sequías y erupciones volcánicas, ocasionan severas perturbaciones del medio ID: 1919 ambiente, que excede la capacidad de respuesta de Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency una zona o región determinada. En cambio los Response Agency. desastres de origen humano abarcan las relaciones Ti: Enhancing disaster preparedness for schools, políticas, sociales y culturales entre los países broadcast services and communities. establecidos por el propio hombre incluso el sabotaje So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):4, Dec.1998. y la guerra, las ocasionan lamentablemente serios Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. daños. Se demostró mediante el método de la matríz tridimensional, se logra obtener de una forma rápida y eficaz la forma de actuar ante un proceso de ID: 1920 cualquier tipo y la solución del mismo en un período Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency corto de tiempo. Response Agency. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine. Ti: FAO building capacity in the agricultural sectors of the Eastern Caribbean. ID: 1916 So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):11, Dec 1998. Au: Rosa Pina, Arbelio de la; Paéz Pardo, Alicia; Delgado Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Toranzo, María Felix. Ti: Enfrentamiento de los desastres naturales y biológicos por el servicio veternario. ID: 1921 Pub: Ciego de Avila; s.n; 1998. 16. Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Co: Forum Provincial de Ciencia y Técnica, 12; Ciego de Response Agency. Avila, 27 Oct. 1998. Ti: Montserrat volcanic emergency update. Ab: Con el objetivo de conocer las causas de mortalidad So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):6-8, Dec.1998. que en las condiciones nuestras pueden ser afectados Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. por dos tipos de desastres, el natural y el de origen biológico realizamos este trabajo. Los desastres naturales provocados por inundaciones, huracanes, terremotos, sequías y erupciones volc nicas, ocasionan severas perturbaciones del medio ambiente, que excede la capacidad de respuesta de 242 ID: 1922 ID: 1926 Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Au: Jamaica. Caribbean Disaster Information Network Response Agency. Ti: The Caribbean Disaster Information Network Ti: Mud volcanoes in the Caribbean. (CARDIN) So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):5, Dec.1998. So: International strategy for disaster reduction; (15): Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. 1999. 33, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.

ID: 1923 Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency ID: 1927 Response Agency Au: Costa Rica. Regional Disaster Information Centre for Ti: New relief supply management software. Latin American and the Caribbean So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):3, Dec.1998. Ti: Regional Disaster Information Centre for Latin Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. American and the Caribbean ( CRID) So: International strategy for disaster reduction; (15): 1999. 32, ID: 1924 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Ti: Landslide-related fractures and coseismic fractures: observations from Jamaica. ID: 1928 So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Response Agency Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the Ti: Disaster awareness for schools : a resource guide West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and for Caribbean teachers Geology , 1998. 72. So: Barbados; CDERA : 2000. 28. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Jun. – 2, Jul..1998. Agency, UWI, Mona, Science Library. Ab: The M 5-4 (duration magnitude) Jamaica earthquake of 13th January, 1993, triggered landslides within a 300 km2 area of eastern Jamaica. Most of these were ID: 1929 shallow slope failures confined to the weathered Au: Carby, Barbara bedrock and soils. The other type of surface Ti: Developing a disaster prevention strategy in deformation features mapped were fissures and Jamaica fractures which were apparently unrelated to slope So: In: Natural disaster management: a presentation to failures. Landslides and fractures have also been commemorate the International Decade for natural reported for the earthquakes of 1692 and 1907. Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), Jon Ingleton ed., UK: However, it is not always possible to discriminate Tudor Rose Holdings Ltd, 1999 174- 5. between the fractures related to landslides and Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency tectonic displacements, especially earthquake fault Management Agency. ruptures. The objective of this paper is to document and describe the field evidence that may be used in ID: 1930 the discrimination of tectonic and landslide-related Ti: Historicasl documents of Trinidad and Tobago: fractures using Jamaica data. Tobago hurricane of 1847. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Pub:Trinidad and Tobago; Office of the Prime Minister. 1966. 27. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency ID: 1925 Management Agency. Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. ID: 1931 Ti: A regional approach to disaster management Au: Carby, Barbara So: International strategy for disaster reduction; (15): Ti: Role of science in the evolution of disaster 1999. 28, management. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. So: In: Cetto, A. M. ed. Science for the tenty-first century, a new commitment. Proceedings of the

world conference on science. UNESCO, 2000.390-3 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library 243 Author Index

Aspinall, W. P 333, A 406, 646, 669 Aarons, John A 1001, 1110, Asso Martínez, M 532 1161 Atherley, K. A 1380 Abbott, Charles G 111 Attwell, Lynette 1097 Abraham K, Roy 1838, 1848, Atwood, Donald K 336 1857 Augustin, Michael 1233 Abreu, D Aviles-Lopez, Javier 1612 1011 Ackerman, James D 1353 Acosta, Edgardo 1884 Adams, Alfrico D 548, 1074, 1260, 1721 Adams, Cyril B 1010 B Adams, Wayne D 1853 Bacarreza, Vivian 966 Agosti, E Bacon, Peter R, 898, 1046, 491 1051, 1052, 1053, 1298, 1382 Aguilar-Bercerril, Hector R 1612 Badcock, J Aguirre, Benigno E 1579 184 Ahmad, Rafi 6, 772, 793,1044, 1071, Bailey, A 1285 1127, 1142, 1203, 1222, 1347, 1362, 1446, 1474, Baillie, I. C 1371 1571, 1572, 1575, 1576, 1586, 1654, 1666, 1738, Baisre, J 1739, 1758, 1837, 1924 1399 Aiken, Karl A 630, Baker, David 1414 723, 1052 Baker, P. E 210 Ajayi, Owolabi 571 Ballah, Lennox 334 Akong, Al Banning, Forest D 112 312, 328 Banus, Mario D 429 Alcott, Washington 1315 Baptiste, Judith 1690 Allard, P 1749 Barberi, Franco 1418 Allen, Locksley 1120 Barker, David 1080, Alonso, Daniel 1091, 1092 1121, 1154, 1307, 1360, Alvarez Vicente, Piedad 1514 Barke, Phillip 537 Alvarez, Leonardo 1792 Barnes, Elspeth S 253 Amarakoon, A 1685 Barr, K. G 197 Ambeh, William B 1406, 1605, Barr, K. W 139 1650, 1771, 1780, 1782, 1793, 1794 Barrett, Mearle 1809 Aming, A Barron, C. N 1536 1149 Bartoloni, Tony J 1624 Andersen, R 257 Basnet, Khadga 1442 Anderson, B. R 589 Bayle, Bruce 1487 Anderson, H. Dale 426 Bayley, F 43 Anderson, Marcel A 1487 Beanlands, Gordon E 1100 Andrew, E. M 178 Beatley, Timothy 945 Andrews, Norma 1169 Beaty, Chester B 127 Applefield, M 528 Beckford, William 41 Araujo, L Beckles, David 669, 962 295 Been, B 1553 Archer, Arthur B 24, 1444, Beer, Henrik 611 Archer, Ewart 730 Bellingham, P. J 1361, 1557 Armstrong, Michael 1738 Bender, Michael A 1830 Bender, Stephen O 1088, 1237, 1247, 1493, 1502

244 Bendz, Marten 611 Benjamin, Ivy Jean 738 Bennet, Clarence 869 Benson, E. G 110 Berke, Philip R 1395, 1396, 1397 Bertrand, Diane 767, 1081, 1210, 1344, 1378 Berz, G 400 Besson, Pascale 1558 Bicheler, Jean 959 Biju-Duval, B 356 Binford, Michael 182 Bishop, A 446 Black, John A 1388 Blake, J. Theo 441,762

245 Blanchon, Paul 1829, 1831 Cambers, Gillian 578, 892, 946, 1376, Blanco, R 491 1377, 1596, 1602 Block, Authur McB 429 Cambray, F. W 229, 232 Boardman, Mark R 1437 Cameron, Barrington F 589, 641, 694 Bonnett, Jeremy 408 Cant, Richard V 1440 Boose, Emery R 1554 Cantero Corrales, L. E 1534 Bosch Leñn, Raúl 1662 Carby, Barbara E 6, 865, 1180, 1207, 1347, 1430, Botterell, Art 1638 1631, 1654, 1736, 1863, 1877, 1929, 1931, Boucher, Douglas H 1269 Cardy, W. F. G 233 Boudon, Georges 1761 Carew, James L 1695 Boulle, Philippe 1007 Carey, Steven 1289, Bowden, Martyn J 292 1375, 1492 Bower, Sally 1750 Carity, B. G. J 975 Bowman, V 431 Carlson, Leonard A 125 Boyle, Alan E 1450 Carr, J. P 1371 Brady, Lamuel 1471 Carr, Michael J 1284 Brass, Andrew R 1426 Carreras Rodr¡guez, A 935 Brennan, J. F 32, 92 Carrillo Urrutia, Raúl 1514 Brenner, Mark 182 Carroll, Paul Michael 353, 590 Brest van Kempen, C. P 105 Carter, Jay B 1306 Brewster, A 525 Casadevall, Thomas J 1790 Brokaw, Nicholas V. L 1357, 1368, 1555 Case, Ron Brower, David J 945 1310 Brower, W. A 291 Caso, Edwards L 720 Brown, Aggrey 100, 748 Catalin Ojeda, A. S 689 Brown, Charles W 67 Cepero Mart¡n, Jos‚ Antonio 683 Brown, Encile Roy 1464 Chambers, Claudia M 1478 Brown, Headly 1569 Chambers, Nina 1527 Brown, Hyacinth 1060, 1150 Channon, J. A 159 Brown, Philbert E 1077, 1370 Chapin, Neil M 465 Brown, Sandra 695, 700 Chávez Quintana, Pablo 688 Browne, Herbert E 478, 1245 Chávez, O 487 Brownell, Jennifer 1198 Chen, A. A 1552, 1685, 1752, 1775, Bruce, J. P 1784, 1801, 1838, 1848, 1857, 1864 1420,1501 Cheshire, Anthony C 982 Bryan, Frank L 1466 Chin, B. G Bryce, R 363, 1621 369,1445 Chin, Myron W 218, 596, 848, 1232, Budhu, Chetram 910 1316, 1594, 1609, 1769, 1852 Buffong, Vernon L. R 1257, 1312 Chiodini, G 1727 Bungum, Hilmar 1622 Chornesky, P. A 435 Burke, K 206 Chow-Gabbadon, A 776 Burns, Carolyn C 927 Christian, Cora L. E 1317 Burns, Stephen J 868 Christie, Andrea 1006 Burton, Carlisle 621, 647 Chubb, L. J 115 Burton, Frederic J 859 Chung, Riley M 1577 Burton, Horace H. P 749 Chuy, T 489 Bush, David M 1578, 1581 Cioni, R 1727 Bush, Michael 1422 Clark, J 1756, Byer, T 252 1856 Byles, G 454 Clark, T. F 282 Clarke, R. P 1629 C Clarke, S 669 Cadbury, H. J 221 Clarke, Yvonne 1655 Cairn, Ernest E 164 Clashing, Owen A 1172, 1173

246 Clayton, Tonya D 1365 De Graff, Jerome V 658, 890, 973, 1082, Clement, David B 1242, 1286, 1208, 1411, 1872 1490 De Lima, J. L. M 1740 Clements, Richard G 429 De Ville de Goyet, Claude 1425, 1653 Clocchiatti, R 1749 Deane, Compton 265, 266, 270, 274, 275, Coates, A. G 206, 302 209 Dearden, Philip 526 Cobley Conner, A 1413 Delgado Toranzo, María Felix 1915, 1916 Coke, Michelle 1674 Depradine, Colin A 261, 756 Collins, Carol 1019 Desai, B. N 1370 Collins, John 1789, 1854 Devi Prasad, P. V 898, 1692 Collymore, Jeremy McA 21, 34, 447, 902, 947, 948, Devine, Joseph D 1766, 1782 960, 971, 1086, 1123, 1152, 1166, 1182, 1189, Díaz Lombardo, G. B 689 1229, 1238, 1239, 1319, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1448, Díaz Rodr¡guez, L 488 1452, 1664, Díaz, A 487 Conliffe, Wilton L. E 36, 913, 1103, Dickson, W. R 237 Conway, Dennis 1697 Diller, J. S 53 Corbin, C. J 1515, 1517 Diloreto, Ann 507 Cornish, Vaughan 69, 76 Dinnick, Ralph 801 Cote, R. P 1179, Dissmeyer, George E 695 1295 Divine, Reverend 39 Cotterell, Calvin 1276 Dixit, A Couillard, D 1364 586 Courtenay, A 1255 Dixon, T. H 864 Cowing, Mike 326 Diyaljee, V. A 3 Cowper, H. A 46 Dodds, G. G 1887 Coxson, D. S 941 Dolcy, A Crawford, James A 1651 894 Crozier, Carl 774 Donaldson, L. A 371 Cry, George W 720 Donovan, Stephen K, 1686 Cuffe, O'Neil L 1122 Doser, Diane I 1626, 1757, Cumberbatch, F. M 791 1758 Cummins, Hays 1437 Douglas, James E 542 Curtis, Jason H 182 Douligeris, Christos 1789, 1854 Curtis, Russell E 696 Dowding, Julie Ann N 1346, 1347 Drakapoulos, Yolanda 1148 Dranis, Jeffrey 944 D Duff, Edith Marilyn 1372 Dahl, Arthur Lyon 1513 Duncan, Linda Francis 22, 1505 Dalling, J. W 1200, 1479, Dur n Cerdeiras, M 687 1559 Dyer-Williams, K 7, 1224 Danaldson, L 437 Danes, J. V 17 Dania, A. J 909 E Daniel, J. R. K 580 Earle, Aedan H 957, 1571, Daniel, Pierre M. S 1634 1787 Darroux, Billy 1786 Edlyne, Edmund 219 Dasgupta, Tara 1693 Edmunds, Henry 265, 266, 275 Davenport, Alan G 654, 731, 1196, Edwards, David T 1597 Davi Persad, P. V 1509 Edwards, Linda E 1186 Davis, C. Clinton 456 Ekwue, E. L 1833 Davis, Ian 829 Ellis, A. B 49 Davis, Rae 645 Ellson, Don 1221 De Albuquerque, Klaus 1390, 1871 Ellwood, Elsie E 704 De Fernicola, Nilda 703 Erb, D. K 212

247 Eschenbrenner, Sylvain 873 Gaudru, Henry 1889 Espeut, Peter 1476 Gavidia, Jorge 1724 Ethridge, F. G 401, 527 Gayle, Michael 1720 Eva, A 327 Geddes, A. J. S 1367, 416, 656 Evan Wong, Sue 1214 Gelabert, Pedro A 932 Evans, J. C 294 Genoways, Hugh 1825 Evans, Wallace 354 George, Errol 1330, 552 Everham, Edwin M 1555 George, Vincent 1070 Ewing, Maurice 85, 175 Georgiou, P. N 654, 731 Eyre, L. Alan 198, 204, 393, 440, 543, Gerald, Lloyd 1378 763, 773, 901, 970, 1408, 1454, 1595 Gerrish, Harold P 925 Gersony, Robert 518 Gibbs, A. K 1536 F Gibbs, Tony 478, Fahie, Crispin W 1262 548, 836, 1245, 1663, 1770, 1847, Farnum, F. C 390 Gibson, G. A 1371 Fassey, O. L 78 Gill, Richard C 1104 Felippe, M 497 Gillett, Vincent 531, 866 Fenton, Alison D 582 Gillezeau, K. A 1406 Fenton, Heather 1244 Girardin, Nicole 873 Feralta Mart¡n, Alba María 1890 Gittens, Florence 647 Fern ndez Milan‚s, N 936 Glasgow, Carl 524, 529 Fern ndez Torres, Josefa 683 Glasgow, Joyce 840, 1744 Fernandez, Basil 371, 1535 Glass, R Fernández, C. 487 693 Fernández, N 1009 Goddard, Donald 958 Ferreira, Kerwin J 1234 Godschalk, David R 945 Fetcher, Ned 1726 Gold, Mitchell 1893 Feuillard, Michel 659 Golden, Joseph H 1582 Fielding, William J 1432, 1553 Golofre, Jose Grases 1616 Fletcher, R 251 Gómez Carro, R 938 Florey, Anna Lea 823 Gomez, Luis Odonel 1623 Fluet, Marcheterre 1554 González Quiñones, E 754 Folkes, David 801 González Vald‚s, E 1413 Ford, Keith 1279 González, L 498 Fortner, Rosanne 592 Good, James 1645 Fortoul, Edgar 1617 Goodbody, Ivan 1407, 249, 898 Foster, David R 1554 Gordon Gofton, Lorna 974, 981, 1194 Fowler, W. J 123 Gordon, Angela 1243 Francis, Peter W 1451 Gordon, Derek 1058, 1477, Freeman, Patricia W 1825 Goreau, Peter D. E 572, 884 Freestone, David 1383 Gorham, Richard J 1802, 1859 Fritz-Sheridan, R. P 941 Grabowski, Wojciech W 1730 Frullani, A 1727 Granger, Orman E 514, 969, 1099 Grant, Aubery 591 Grant, Patrick 1143, 1144 G Grases, Jose 1800 Gaines, Arthur 1729 Gray, Calvin R 10, 13, 52, 788, 877, García Bargados, Dositeo R 1804 882, 891, 988, 1116, 1217, 1329, 1370, 1521 García, C Gray, K 245 1399 Gray, William M 1556 Gardner, Cynthia A 1790 Green, Kenneth M 1387 Garrett, R. G 1367 Green, Sean 1689, 1722 Gary, Calvin R 1328 Greenaway, A. M 1439, 898 Gaskin, Molly 457 Greenaway, C. Franklin 566 Gaudian, Gudrun 1715 Greenidge, E 895

248 Greenwood, R. F 1470 Henshaw, Renzy 1178 Gregoire, Joseph C. W 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, Heppheimer, T. A 637 856 Hernández de la Torre, B 1399 Grey, Calvin R 1283 Hernández, M. V 491 Grierson, L. H 1896 Higgins, G. E 280 Griffith, Mark D 640, 960, 1086, Higuera-Gundy, Antonia 182 Grillo Rodr¡guez, M 686 Hill, Bob Grossman, Lawerence S 1494 1067 Gruber, Steve 797 Hill, V. G 177, Guevara, L. Teresa 1617 181 Guidi, M Hilton, Anne 344, 1727 568 Gumbricht, Thomas 1723 Hinds, Hugh C 968 Gunn, B. M 217 Hines, Albert 1365 Gunneman, Brenda 1441 Hirn, Alfred 873 Gupta, Avijit 263, Hoagland, Porter 1729 297 Hobbs, W. H 68 Gupta, Harsh K 1718 Hoblitt, Richard P 1766, 1782 Hodell, David A 182 Hodges, C 214 H Hodges, Stephen 1075, 1441 Hadwen, Peter 553, 614 Hoilett, Philemon 585 Haggstrom, Martin 545, 576 Honig, P Hagman, Gunnar 611 105, 106 Haidar Nahla 1652 Hooley, Joan 1067 Hall, Maxwell 57, 65, 66, 72, 74, 79, Hooper, Donald M 1764, 1844 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 88 Hooper, R 1042, Hamilton, Alexander 55 1043 Hamilton, E. 942 Hoosein, Abdool N 796 Hammouya, G 1749 Horsfield, W. T 250, 278 Hardware, Thorant 255, 877 Hospedales, James 1318 Harnarine, R 295 Houston-Williams, Ann 577 Harrell, Richard 1306 Hovey, E. O 54, Harris, Linnette 870 56, 70 Harris, Norman H 680, 769, 888, Howells, K. A 4 893, 1015, 1351, 1445, 1734 Hubbard, Dennis K 1443 Harrison, R. L 1273 Hudson, Brian J 214, 1213 Hartford, D. N. D 8, 668, Huerta Graupera, J 488 Hatcher, Anne Thurland 1317 Hull, E. W. Seabrook 383 Haughton, P. W 512 Hulse, Justin 1370 Haughton, Stephen 1593 Hunter, G. T 1042, Hayden, Everet 47 1043 Haynes Sutton, Ann 937 Hunter, Ian G 230 Haynes, Ann 825 Huntley, Gillian A. D 928 Haynes, Vernice 805 Hurdley, J 1363 Healey, J. R 1509, Hyppolyte, Paul 541 1557 Heath, Warren 1797, 1855 Heileman, Leo J 1267 I Hellin, John 1756, Ibielele, Dagogo D 1405, 1517 1856 Ifill, Max B 304 Helm, Thomas 196 Imbert, Colm P 1384, 1403 Helms, C. David 1085 Ireland, C. C. McArthur 192 Henderson, P. W 1621 Iremonger, Wright 1568 Hendry, Malcolm D 364, 563, 722, 898, 1298, Irvine, Ranold A 588 1402, 1433, 1522, 1573, 1600, 1601

249 Isaacs, Michael C 872, 940, 953, Kidd, Roderick W 644 972 Kiehl, Jeffrey T 1730 Ivedchuk, V 936 King, David B 306 Kiremidjian, Anne S 1047 Kirkpatrick, William 154 J Kjerfve, R 753 Jackson, Donald A 33, 340, 1486 Knight, J. C 1896 Jackson, Paul 1750, Knowlton, N 433 1785 Koeing, Andreas W 1227 Jackson, Tony 518 Kover, Thomas P 1764, 1844 Jackson, Trevor A 215, 582, 818, Krebs, Ingeborg 1798 949, 1146, 1349, 1350, 1688, 1895, 1897 Krebs, Wolf 1798 Jacobs, Lenworth 647, 750 Kreimer, Alcira 1247, 1248 Jacques, D 1776 Krieg, E. A 342 James, Arlington 1596 Kugler, H. G 208 James, Carlton A 592, 636, 729 Kumar, S. Prasanna 1370 Jansma, Pamela E 1649, 1719 Jaramillo, Lorna 1649, 1719 Jarvinen, Brian R 720 L Jean-Baptiste, P 1749 Ladd, John W 871 Jeremiah, Patrick 1358, 1370 Lalor, Dennis 1851 Jeremie, J. J 1776 Lalor, G. C 1363 Jimenez, Oscar 1796 Lambie, Ian 301 Johnson, Arthur H 1726 Lamm, P Johnson, Nicole 280 1281 Johnson, W. Bruce 705 Land, Lynton S 1365 Johnston, Colin F 1432, 1553 Lander, James F 1760, 1842 Jones, Brian 1829, Landsea, Christopher W 1556 1831 Lang, M. C 433 Jones, Eleanor B 351, 434, 779, Latchman, Joan L 1608, 1873 780, 1093, 1449 Laughton, Dionne V 1759, 1840 Jones, Margaret A. J 1287, 1382 Laverde de B., L. A 684 Jones, Mildred 449 Lawrence, M. Steve 1456 Jones, Roy 1487 Lawrence, Nigel 681 Joseph, Anthony 457 Lawson, D. E 1042, 1043 Joseph, Bert 552 Lee, David 1417 Joseph, Clavis J. H 1187 Lee, Wendy 979 Joseph, Zephaniah 1308 Leger, Pierre R 513, 606 Jovel, J. Roberto 1138 Leitch, Errol 428, Jules, Carleen 326 471 Julian, Karen 1646 Leslie, Kenneth A 1293 Jupp, Barry 723 Leus, Y. C. Kintar 431 Levine-Cointreau, Sandra 922 Lewis, Alberto 1095 K Lewis, Beverley 748 Kahwa, Isenkumba A 1603 Lewis, C. B 311 Kalbfleisch, William 1829 Lewis, Delando Roy 1373 Kapos, V Lewis, Fred 1137 1359 Lewis, J. F 217 Kaske, Rudiger 37 Lewis, Lowell 1216, 1318 Kassaye, Elizabeth 1491 Lewsey, Clement D 1379 Katz, M. E 1530 Leyden, Barbara W 182 Keens-Dumas, J 1228 Li, Chun Key, David 625, 1831 1620, 1633 Liddell, W. D 436 Khan-Kernahan, Ian 1594 Liegel, Leon H 697

250 Likens, Gene E 1442 Mattson, Peter ed 341 Lirios, J. E 235 Maul, George A 1114, 1521, Lloyd, Jerome 1187 1522, 1523, 1525, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, Lodenquai, J 1685 1602, 1805 Lodge, D. Jean 1296, 1357, Maurrasse, Florentin 1893 1555 Maynard, Patricia 493 Lohman, Ernst J. A 1652 Mc Donald, Franklin 375 Lorah, Paul 1697, McCain, Trevor W 1446, 1572, 1698 1576, 1755 Lord, Kenneth M 1624 McCalpin, James P 1347 Losos, Jonathan B 1885 McCann, William R 1282 Lovell, Longford 42 McCullough, Matt L 1365 Lowe, Ivan 904 McDanold, Morag A 1509, 1756, Lugo, Ariel E 528, 698, 700, 1856 1442 McDonald, Franklin 28, 352, 404, Lynch, Joseph 1318 439, 520, 621, 622, 657, 863, 877, 896, 900, Lynch, Lloyd L 962, 1434, 1607, 1608, 1136, 1537, 1650, 1771, 1780, 1794, 1873 McDonald, R. E 528 Lynch, Raymond 518 McElroy, Jerome L 1871 McFarlane, John A 1274 McFarlane, Mary 286 M McFarlene, Neville 1731 MacPherson, C 1741 McGregor, Duncan F. M 827, 1360, 1664, 1665, Madramootoo, C. A 1887 1666, 1667, 1668 Madrigal, Carlos 1796 McKinnon, Barbara E 1797, 1855 Magill, K. E 753 McLean, Peter 1006 MaGregor, A. G 117 McQuilkin, Preston A 1391 Maharaj, Russell J 87, 1145, 1225, McTavish, J 1685, 1278, 1461, 1465, 1472, 1518, 1540, 1541, 1547, 1752, 1775, 1784, 1838, 1848, 1864 1665, 1672, 1777 Medina Prendes, R 488 Mann, Paul 1409 Medley, Paul 1715 Manning, Paul A. S 1446, 1572, Meganck, Richard A 557 1576, 1755, 1756, 1856, 1949 Mehigan, P. J 8, 668, Mansingh, Ajai 867, 1647, Melchior, Gerard 713 1693 Melendez, Elvia J 1353 Marini, L Mellowes, Winston A 1102 1727 Méndes, J. M 1691 Marshall, Richard D 1583 Méndez, M 497 Marshall, Richard R 1581 Méndez, M. A 701 Marti, Jose L. Juanes 1599 Mendezova, J 1413 Martin-Kaye, P 184 Menéndez, Y 1040 Martinez, Ricardo Perez 1637 Mercado, Aurelio 1094 Marx, L 1864 Meyerhoff, A. A 342 Marx, Robert F 201 Michael, Cornelia 1020 Mascle, Alain 356, Mielke, Paul W 1556 943 Mignon, Glenn A 551, 554, 558, Masid Oramas, Elba 1460 561, 633, 824 Mason, John 533 Milham, N 1551 Masure, Philippe 1728 Millas, Jose Carlos 207 Mather, M Miller, Angus 1793 2 Miller, Arnold I 1437 Mathur, Mahendra 1742 Miller, B Matley, Charles Alfred 109, 113, 31 757, 770, 771 Matos, Catia 1095 Miller, David J 1121, 1154, Mattioli, Glen S 1649, 1719, 1686 1764, 1844 Miller, K. G 1530

251 Miller, Learie A 1506 Newton, Eric 875 Millette, Emru D 319 Nichols, Maynard 343, 372 Millington, Neville 647 Niessen, Walter R 1483 Minnott, Dennis A 582 Nikolov, P 638 Mitchell, Carlyle 1252 Nishimura, Yoshiaki 1006, 1436 Mitchell, Denis 1611 Nkemdirim, Lawrence C 351 Mitchell, Nikola 300 Noel, Gloria E 615, 616, 717, 738, 798, Mitchell, Rutty M 1475 812, 813, 931 Mofjeld, H. O 357 Noji, Eric K 1512 Mohammed, Stephen 309, 314, 569 Norman, Peter E 593 Molin Valdes, Helena 1644 Norville, Peter 1482, 1887 Molina, Medardo 10, 28, 788, 808, 877, 891, 900, Nurse, Leonard 1380, 1402 904, 906, 924, 1006, 1096, 1217, 1271, 1430, Molinelli, Jose 1083 Moncrieff, Mitchell W 1730 O Mondesire, Alicia 1215 O'Brien-Delpesh 1378 Monroe, Watson H 180 O'Hara, Martin 363, 367, 369, Montadert, L 356 414, 980 Montero, Guillermo Garcia 1599 O'Regan, J. W 121 Mood, Eric W 331 Oancea, M 1011 Moore, Euna, 943 Ogley, Bob 1067 Mootoo, Danold A 1511 Ohlhorst, S. L 436 Moreno, Carmen 1826 Oliver, J Morgan, E. L 1131 448, 458 Morris, Daniel 682 Oostdam, Ben L 1300, 1803 Morrison, Sandra 1012 Opadeyi, Jacob 1632, 1648 Morrissey, Michael 1765, 1845 Orbera, L 489 Morrow, Betty Hearn 1795 Osborne, Robin W. A 1610, 1625 Mouginis-Mark, Peter J 1451 Ossae, Stella 361 Muchoney, Douglas M 1568 Outram, Clyde K. V 564 Mulleady, Tomas 1639 Oxman, Boris L 1098, 1386 Mullings, Audrey 931 Oyewo, E. O 752 Mullings, Elizabeth 1118,1227 Munro, Ian R. P 1211 P Munroe, Eric 1135 Paéz Pardo, Alicia 1915, 1916 Murray, D. B 120 Pagon, Rosemarie 332 Murria, Juan 1772 Palm, Elina 1725 Murty, V. S. N 1370 Panomoriov, B 1009 Mutomaa, Narumo R 1735 Parello, F Mylroie, John E 1695 1749 Myron, Leslie 58 Parkin, Gillian Lois Nieole 1463 Myster, Randall W 1726 Pascaline, H 1776 Patazopoulou, S. J 1609 N Patteron, V. I 1078 Nancoo, M. E 168 Patterson, A. W 507 Nanita-Kennett, Milagros 1321, 1322, 1323 Paul, Annie 1198 Naranjit, S 751 Paultre, Patrick 1611 Naughton, Patrick W 324, 338, 388, 403, 445, Peacock, Walter Gillis 1768 610, 874 Pearson, C 452 Navarro Gómez, N 955 Pecora, Frank A 482 Navarro, A 1032 Pennington, Wayne D 1282 Neufville, Larry 1548 Perdersen, Scott C 1825 Neumann, Charles J 720 Pereira, John A 267, 347, 355, Neumann, Conrad A 868 376, 412, 413, 442, 444, 468, 515, 516, 861 Newell, Granville R. A 523 Perelli, Richard J 185

252 Peres, Jacques 713 Ramanathan, R 1299 Pérez Eiriz, Mar¡a C 938 Ramdial, Bal S 345, 418, 509 Pérez Hernandez, Ada Luisa 1570 Ramírez, R 489 Pérez Leyva, R 691 Ramkissoon, Elizabeth B 1102 Pérez Monteagudo, Oraldo 359, 399, 1270 Rammerlaere, Marc 680, 768, 889, Pérez, P. J 754 1013, 1348 Perez-Rocha, L. Eduardo 1612 Ramnanan, H 1628 Perkins, Godfrey W 1045 Ramsingh, Chandradath 1771 Perret, Frank A 97, 98 Rankine-Jones, A. I 1439 Persad, Carolann 384 Rao, R. Prasada 1299 Persad, Deenesh 1431 Rawley, Keith 289 Persaud, Vishna 20 Ray, A Peterson, Carsten 583 1685 Peynado, Rory 885, 1076 Ray, John Pfister, Michael 87 40 Phelps, H. O 1404 Raymond M. Wright 326 Phillip-Jordan, Cheryl 1574, 1678, 1687, 1738 Reading, Alison J 760, 1268, Pickery, Nancy I 1392 1366, 1668 Pierson, T. C 29 Reed, A. J 186 Pilgrim, Grace P 826 Reese, Richard B 1220 Pirazzoli, Paolo A 1600 Reid, Brian 60 Planos Gutiárrez, Eduardo O 1748 Reid, Carla W. L 1692 Plant, J. A Reid, Howard O. N 1603 1363 Reid, Stanley E 968 Plasencia Concepción, D 686 Reid, Una V 711 Plaza, Dwaine 1352 Reyes, Elma 310 Poirier, Jean-Paul 1558 Reynolds, Roy C 1190 Pompa Toledano, Ana Cristina 1743 Richards, Vincent A 560 Poncelet, Jean Luc 1318 Richardson, Jane 407 Pool, D. J Richardson, Jeffrey 801 528 Richardson, Mark 316 Portal, C. M 1039 Riera Betancourt, Celia 1460 Porter, Anthony R. D 430 Risk, M. J Porter, J. M 753 1691 Portieles, F. L 1011 Rivero Jaspe, Roger R 1804 Potter, H. C 205 Rivero Vega, Roger E 1804 Potter, Robert B 1634 Roberts, D 887 Power, John A 1793 Robertson, Richard E. A 1619, 1642, 1650, 1780, Prati, F 1727 1785, 1786, 1790, 1873, 1895 Prescott, G. C 138 Robertson, Richard F 881 Prockter, L 1618 Robinson, Dwight E 1693 Projorienko, Stanislav 755 Robinson, Edward 150, 206, 229, Provan, Maura 531, 866, 867 1266, 1447, 1575, 1576, 1738, 1759, 1788, 1840 Pryce-Harvey, J 725 Robotham, H 1363 Pubillones León, María A 938 Robson, G. R 124, 140, 156, Puerto Quintana, Conrado del 1066 157, 174, 176, 183, 190, 191, 197, 329, 438 Pujol, R Rocheford, B. A 478 497 Rodgers, Kirk P 1354 Punch, Ruskin 596 Rodrigues, Kirton 1204, 1223 Putney, Allen D 395 Rodríguez Alvarez, Pedro 1066 Rodríguez, B 532 Rodriguez-Robles, Javier 1353 R Roff, John C 1438 Raco, B 1727 Rogers, C. T 767, Rahmstorf, Stefan 1832 776 Rajpaulsingh, W. T 1224 Rogers, Caroline 482

253 Rogers, Cassandra T 1781, 1850 Sharma, A. K 1629 Rogers, Everett M 450 Sharma, P. R 1595 Rogers, Ingrid 521 Shaul, Wendy 825 Romano, Hayden 767, 1378 Shearer, Hugh L 485 Romero Gonzalez, Alberto 1460 Sheate, W. R 759 Roobol, M. J Sheng, Ted C 1272, 231, 238, 254, 278, 313, 1297, 1614 1280 Rooney, P. A 433 Shepherd, John B 202, 203, 222, Rosa Pina, Arbelio de la 1915, 1916 223, 248, 333, 381, 406, 521, 646, 669, 784, 785, Rosa, Luis I 429 806, 845, 860, 930, 939, 962, 977, 1023, 1084, Rosales, Vanessa 1627 1434, 1435, 1607, 1615, 1618, 1766, 1782, 1785, Ross-Frankson, Joan 1389 Sheridan, Robert 871 Rouse, W. C 760 Siam Lahera, C 934 Rowley, Keith C 381, 385, 646, 845, 951, Sigurdsson, Heraldur 1289, 1375, 1492 962, 1406, 1434, 1455 Simpson, David M 1762 Roy, A 1864 Simpson, P. R 1363 Roy, Abraham K 1752, 1774, Simpson, R. W 199 1775, 1784, 1801 Singh, J. G 1515, Rozenblat, E. E 690 1517 Rudder, Joy 1427 Singh, Naresh C 1484, 1646 Russac Poves, P 692 Siung-Chang, Avril 1267 Rutherford, Malcolm J 1782 Skeete, Cecil C 152 Skelte, C. C 90 Skerritt, George 1785 S Skoglund, Per-Olof 583 Sahota, John T. S 1694 Smith, Alan L 313, 1297, Salazar Vindas, Sandra 1488 1614, 1649, 1719, 1766 Salisbury, Lutishoor 764 Smith, David 1498 Samaroo, Keewanmatie Susan 879 Smith, Douglas L 1624, 1763, Sammy, George K 1646 1843 Santos, Felix A 429 Smith, Douglas T 427 Saunders, John B 210, 211, 280 Smith, G. W 194 Saunders, P. H 6 Smith, Henry 571 Saunier, Richard E 557 Smith, Martin S 1615 Scatena, F. N 1442 Smith, R Schaub, Warren R 743 1833 Scheu, Manfred 1481 Smith, Ralston N 1261 Schmucker, Harold 1087 Smith, T. E 1741 Schoener, Thomas W 1885 Sood, Rahul 450 Schrinner, J. E 1428 Speed, R. C 702 Schroeder, William W 330 Spence, B 247 Schumacher, Mary 1729 Spiller, David A 1885 Schwab, Arnold 1680 Spitzer, James D 746 Schwarcz, H. P 1691 Spring, Anita 1681 Scott, Calford 315 St. Helene, Leo 912 Scott, J. P 1896 St. Hill, Leonard E 556 Scott, Peter W 1895, 1897 Stadlberger, Helmut 1197 Sealey, Neil E 522 Stemshorn, Barry 1057 Selby, A. Tony 26 Stennett, H. R 358 Self, Brian 595 Stephens, George 1791, 1858 Semet, Michael P 1749, 1761 Stevenson, Adlai 346 Sen, Gautam 1893 Stoiber, Richard E 1284 Seon, Kenneth 535, 952, 1263 Stone, R. J 1833 Sergio, Mora C 1773, 1796, Storms, Doris 555 1799 Stott, Duncan 801 Shaklee, Ranold V 1814 Streete, Don L 1457

254 Stroosnuder, L 1740 Timiovska, L. S 1783 Su rez Soler, E 1413 Tomblin, J. F 290, Suchanek, Thomas H 482 252 Suite, Winston H. E 218, 848, 962, 978, Tomblin, John 348, 350 1033, 1232, 1316, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1341, 1343, Tomblin, Judith M 211, 234, 296, 1511, 1594, 1606, 1767, 1846, 307, 329, 382, 387, 391, 392 Surry, D Topper, Brian F 1294 654, 731 Toppin, Y. B 1380 Susan, Robb 1568 Towle, Edward L 500 Swanson, Grace 791, 1858 Tran, F. T 1364 Sweeney, Vincent 1646 Trollope, D. H 448 Sweeting, Marjorie M 130 Trombley, Robert B 1892 Sykes, Lynn R 85, 175 Trujillo Merás, Manuel 1066 Symes, G Trujillo Pérez, C. 683 245 Tuitt, Carol 1808 Turbott, I. G 144, 148 T Turk, Michael A 1754, 1839 Taber, Stephen 84 Turnovsky, Jarmillar 337, 339, 347, Tannehill, I. R 129 352, 355 Tanner, E. V. J 765, 1359, Tyagi, R. D 1364 1557 Tyndale-Brisco, J. S 802 Tanner, J. G 1607, Tyrell, Andrew J 1585 1618 Tyrell, Kenith M 944 Tatem, William R 89 Tyson, C. F 1131 Taylor M 1685 Taylor, Charlotte M 1555 U Taylor, Elliott 943 Underwood, J. R 525 Taylor, Federick 1409 Urish, M Taylor, L 1381 641 Utria, Boris E 1090 Taylor, L. O 281 Taylor, M 1864 V Taylor, W. A 181 Vaagt, Gero 37 Tedd, Thomas 45 Valdes, Helena Molin 1882 Tedesco, Lenore P 944 Valencia, A 685 Ter Braake, Alexander L 106 Van Duk, P. M 1740 Thacker, Katy 1604 Van Dusen, Shelley R 1626, 1757, 1758, 1778 Theiler, Robert 1422 Vandermeer, John H 1269 Thirlwall, M. F 1741 Vardi, J 466 Thom, Myrtle 265, 266, 275, Varty, Nigel 1277 Thomas, Augustus R 699 Veliz Canolo, Jos‚ 755 Thomas, C. P 502 Verdoorn, F 105, 106 Thomas, Herbert 900, 903, 1107 Vermeiren, Jan C 1089, 1236, Thomas-Hope, Elizabeth 1516 1253, 1256, 1374 Thompson, C 1363 Versey, H. R 134, Thompson, D. A 765 138, 149, 150 Thompson, Patricia Y 1288 Vickers, D. O 200, Thompson, Paul 1645 362 Thorhang, Anitra 897 Vidal Mendez, Eugenio 1707 Thorhaug, A 757 Villamil Martínez, A 638, 935 Thorn, Malcolm E 1192, 1195 Villemant, B 1761 Thwaites, Peter 1192 Viode, Jean-Pierre 873 Tilling, Robert I 1503 Vlugman, A 1059

255 Vogel, John L 1580 White, Michael N 405 Vogel, Peter 1419 White, Randy 1793 Voight, Barry 906 White, Sharon 1640 Voorduin, M 400 Whitehead, J. A 906 Vrolijks, Luc 1725 Whittow, John B 411 Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D 1226, 1314, 1334, 1410, 1415, 1630, 1737, 1894 W Wightman, A 1621 Wade, Barry A 1105, 220, 236, 240, Wijkman, Anders 611 323, 360, 484, 866, 867 Wilcox, William H 1175 Wadge, G 651, Wilkinson, Clive R 982 652 William, N 43 Wadge, Geoffrey 1750, 1766, 1779, 650, Williams, A. T 1385 651, 652, 708, 758, 864, 940, 953, 972 Williams, J. B 150, Wadge, J 158, 171 327 Williams, Lawrence A. D 967 Wagh, Arun 1370, Williams, M. J 1385 501, 645 Williams, Mervin C 1005, 1101, Waide, Robert B 1296, 1357, 1106 1369, 1555 Williams, Ronald A 303, 565, 915, Walker, Lance 432 1177 Walker, Lawrence R 1357, 1368, Wilmot-Simpson, Conliffe 883, 899 1726 Wilson, Arlene 1647 Wallace, Ineta 738 Wilson, Brent 1453 Waller, David 1192 Wilson, Lauriston 1732 Walsh, Rory P. D 1668, 4, 760 Wilson-Kelly, Peter 1487 Walters, M. O 371 Wilthe, Danold 1508 Walters, W. O 437 Wimbush, M 357 Wanless, Harold R 944 Wint, Barry 1275, Wanneson, J 356 994 Ward, Roy 726, Wint, J. McL 195 815 Wint, M Warneford, F. H. S. 128 1072 Wason, Alwyn T 409, 619, 621, Winter, D. E 751 623, 632, 665, 780, 787, 817, 818 Woodley, Jeremy D 402, 435, 438, Wasserman, Ellen 546 477, 753, 898, 1054, 1691 Watkins, N. D 232 Woods, Andy 1750 Wattley, Paul 801 Workman, Addison 629, 718 Watts, David 1696 Worrell Campbell, Jennifer 1841 Weaver, John D 188, 298 Wraight, Joseph 239 Weaver, Peter L 831 Wright, A. C. S 1371 Webber, Dale F 1041, 1438 Wright, Christopher 534, 544 Webber, Mona K 1438, 1689, Wright, Matthew G 1567, 1658 1722 Wright, Raymond M 1,14, 237, 308, Wenger, Dennis 1395, 1396, 321, 349, 483 1397 Wright, Roberta 1137 Werner, von der Ohe 37 Wunderle, Joseph M. Jr 1296 Wernstedt, Frederick 155 Wylie, Johnathan J 906 Wescott, W. A 401, 527 West-Thomas, Jennifer 1688 Westercamp, D 858 Y Weyl, R 193 Yih, Katherine 1269 Wharton, Stanley 1199 Young, Simon R 1766, 1782, White, A. U 284 1786, 1886 White, Fred B 63 White, Gilbert F 285

256 Zarin, Daniel J 1726 Z Zeballos, Jose Luis 1248 Zaida, J. G 1039 Zephirin, Manuelita 495 Zamora, Nelson 1269 Zimmerman, Jess K 1555 Zans, V. A 141

257

Subject Index

A C Acropora cervicornis (staghorn coral) 433, 436 Caribbean Disaster Information Network, 1926 Agriculture, 34, 179, 427, 487, 823, 902, 916, 1002, Caribbean Disaster Mitigation Project, 1706, 1841 1050, 1102, 1123, 1212, 1229, 1231, 1233, Caribbean Environment Programme, 1526 1234, 1239, 1250, 1253, 1294, 1307, 1325, Caribbean Coastal Management Study (CCMS) 898 1327, 1360, 1516, 1551, 1553, 1680, 1887, Cayman Islands, 31, 859, 1829, 1831 1920 Central Emergency Relief Organization, 617, 791 Aid see International Assistance Chemical Safety 681, 908, 1176, 1177, 1874 Air Pollution see Pollution, Air Chemical Engineer, 1594 Anguilla, 561, 734 Climate, 155, 262 Antigua and Barbuda, 45, 148, 296, 299, 516, 552, Climate change, 182, 198, 970, 1099, 1114, 1167, 1433, 560, 604, 607, 616, 629, 643, 718, 733, 738, 1523, 1525, 1832 848, 1020, 1137, 1221, 1232, 1336, 1352, Clouds, 1730 1383, 1390, 1395, 1412, 1698, 1717, 1770, Coastal Resources, 16, 265, 266, 270, 274, 275, 306, 1871 364, 484, 522, 644, 705, 722, 757, 770, 775, 779, Aquifer, 725, 1281 780, 883, 934, 1042, 1043, 1376, 1378, 1379, 1380, Aviation 1155, 1703, 1791, 1908 1383, 1387, 1388, 1390, 1402, 1403, 1429, 1439, 1528, 1547, 1674, 1675, 1686, 1715, 1871 Community Participation, 533, 620

Conservation, 395, 467, 476, 1190, 1272, 1498, 1509, B 1527 Bahamas, 187, 330, 522, 868, 871, 1412, 1440, Coral Reef see Reef 1601, 1694, 1814 Corrosion, 645 Barbados, 25, 44, 152, 184, 230, 235, 356, 474, Costa Rica, 1799 504, 555, 730, 913, 943, 946, 960, 1042, 1043, Cuba, 239, 488, 489, 755, 934, 935, 1040, 1091, 1092, 1086, 1352, 1409, 1452, 1458, 1498, 1543, 1270, 1412, 1544, 1570, 1599, 1713, 1743, 1897 1601, 1718, 1810, 1821 Cyclone Hattie, 164 Bauxite Industry, 1463, 1485, 1548 Belize, 423, 427, 510, 731, 813, 1299, 1371, 1470 Bermuda, 1188 Bibliography, 1344, 1928 D British Virgin Islands, 292, 573, 633, 706, 735, 741, Damage Assessment, 30, 299, 305, 388, 608, 930, 969, 742, 1377, 1517, 1787 1048, 1051, 1084, 1088, 1098, 1138, 1140, 1194, Building Code, 472, 474, 478, 504, 538, 548, 634, 1214, 1230, 1232, 1237, 1353, 1506, 1569, 1583, 655, 671, 673, 674, 675, 677, 678, 679, 718, 1664, 1725, 1770, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1878, 739, 744, 745, 778, 781, 787, 801, 804, 851, 1879 853, 854, 855, 856, 1074, 1235, 1350, 1458, Deforestation, 763, 1056, 1271 1721, 1770, 1852, 1853 Directory, 1215 Building Construction, 15, 170, 195, 227, 443, 475, Disaster, 218, 305, 411, 611, 684, 817, 822, 829, 1138, 478, 504, 548, 619, 625, 627, 632, 665, 709, 1147, 1163, 1236, 1261, 1263, 1286, 1354, 1374, 716, 781, 814, 885, 918, 1000, 1076, 1092, 1459, 1524, 1560, 1594, 1826, 1884, 1888, 1915 1266, 1441, 1470, 1511, 1610, 1617, 1625, Disaster Committee, 273, 794, 950, 1061, 1424, 1881, 1635, 1659, 1663, 1699, 1724, 1734, 1891, 1903 1920 Disaster Education, 11, 566, 748, 761, 919, 928, 1701, Building Reconstruction, 119, 121, 409, 419, 1213, 1705, 1928 1323 Disaster Information System, 911, 956, 1019, 1077, Building Research Institute, 876 1774, 1775, 1801

258 Disaster Insurance, 108, 621, 623, 624, 1192, 1195, Emergency Communications System, 100, 710, 920, 1197, 1234, 1720, 1851 921, 923, 924, 948, 974, 981, 1021, 1036, 1221, Disaster Legislation, 309, 456, 595, 896, 1333, 1324, 1919 1343, 1377, 1457, 1468, 1660, 1661 Emergency Feeding, 686, 1288, 1293 Disaster Management, 422, 481, 507, 812, 813, Emergency Operations Center, 464 833, 881, 1017, 1060, 1079, 1303, 1392, 1398, Emergency Medical Services, 987 1493, 1502, 1701, 1775, 1846, 1901, 1917, Emergency Medical System, 743 1925, 1931 Environment, 301, 480, 490, 587, 730, 917, 1055, 1072, Disaster Organization, 422 1108, 1162, 1305, 1684, 1725, 1890 Disaster Plan, 9, 126, 173, 272, 287, 386, 408, 423, Environmental Impact Assessment, 1100, 1104, 1106, 451, 453, 455, 463, 473, 499, 510, 540, 549, 1639, 1669, 1673, 1694 567, 573, 575, 626, 631, 643, 653, 660, 661, Environmental Pollution see Pollution, Environment 706, 714, 726, 741, 742, 1003, 1060, 1063, Environmental Policies, 309, 524, 529, 1697 1097, 1152, 1168, 1170, 1192, 1193, 1238, Epidemiology, 25, 667, 670, 683, 684, 689, 692, 938, 1291, 1292, 1304, 1330, 1579, 1584, 1591, 1459, 1460 1861, 1863 Erosion, 56, 99, 103, 104, 110, 161, 188, 266, 407, 418, Disaster Preparedness, 25, 36, 203, 218, 228, 365, 578, 755, 759, 932, 946, 1280, 1391, 1402, 1416, 366, 398, 420, 421, 462, 513, 520, 558, 633, 1596, 1599, 1641, 1667, 1672, 1887 715, 732, 733, 734, 735, 782, 805, 840, 1062, European Community Humanitarian Office, 1714 1144, 1186, 1187, 1220,1290,1341, 1352, 1356, 1389,1504, 1561, 1677, 1807, 1818 Disaster Response, 183, 1189, 1321 F Disaster Team, 609, 1780 Fault Plane, 702 Displaced Persons, 597, 983, 969, 1795, Fire Prevention and Protection, 729, 796 Dominica, 8, 25, 42, 197, 277, 409, 419, 424, 450, Fire Safety 663, 807 473, 528, 549, 602, 603, 608, 650, 651, 652, Fires, 344, 345, 901 668, 708, 760, 777, 851, 853, 854, 855, 856, First Aid, 547, 792 1187, 1249, 1352, 1366, 1492, 1515, 1596 Flood Plain Mapping Project, 1141, 1430, 1436 Dominican Republic, 400, 425, 499, 553, 714, Floods, 28, 297, 359, 367, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377, 1336, 1773, 1881, 1883 393, 399, 410, 414, 417, 418, 430, 432, 434, 437, Drought, 251, 283, 389, 585, 614, 1358, 1508, 1784 439, 440, 441, 487, 491, 497, 543, 576, 610, 648, Dumpsites, 1131, 1593 701, 762, 802, 808, 811, 832, 834, 841, 877, 899, Dvorak Technique, 1754, 1839 900, 903, 904, 905, 906, 924, 955, 960, 980, 989, Dykes, 232, 758 990, 996, 1009, 1011, 1012, 1029, 1038, 1041, 1085, 1275, 1279, 1373, 1430, 1438, 1570, 1587, 1662, 1685, 1707, 1742, 1784, 1864, 1866, 1867, E 1868, 1869 Early warning system, 76, 1804 Folding, 1409 Earthquakes, 5, 39, 40, 44, 45, 48, 49, 58, 61, 62, Food Relief, 1466 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 80, Forestry, 763, 765, 1115 84, 105, 137, 143, 156, 158, 176, 183, 190, Foraminifera,1530, 1831 191, 202, 221, 223, 252, 267, 271, 279, 280, Fossil Fuel, 1595 281, 290, 307, 308, 321, 329, 333, 347, 348, Freshwater Pollution see Pollution, Freshwater 349, 355, 412, 413, 438, 442, 444, 468, 516, 521, 637, 764, 784, 806, 836, 844, 845, 850, 860, 861, 930, 939, 1020, 1203, 1211, 1260, G 1282, 1319, 1574, 1586, 1606, 1607, 1613, Geochemistry, 1363, 1367, 1671, 1727, 1741, 1749 1617, 1626, 1631, 1633, 1718, 1720, 1731, Geographical Information Systems, 1087, 1090, 1426, 1732, 1736, 1737, 1739, 1757, 1758, 1762, 1632, 1648, 1723, 1752, 1787, 1789, 1854 1769, 1778, 1862, 1863, 1924 Geological Survey Division, 1351 Eastern Caribbean Seismic Telemetry Network, Geology, 33, 109, 113, 138, 160, 185, 186, 206, 209, 350 215, 298, 327, 340, 772, 1486, 1536, 1576, 1601, El Niño – 692, 1685, 1905 1687, 1849 Geomorphology, 434, 446, 580, 1499

259 Geoscientist, 1447 Hurricane Joan, 995, 1027, 1126 Grand Cayman, 147 Hurricane Kate, 944, 1151 Grenada, 133, 215, 304, 551, 578, 653, 699, 726, Hurricane Lili, 1885 743, 835, 839, 946, 1061, 1449, 1517, Hurricane Luis, 1717, 1770, 1847 Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS), 1752 , 740, 1911, 1913 Groundwater Level, 225, 251, 255 Hurricane Research Stations, 147 Guadeloupe, 45, 325, 453, 659, 941, 1129, 1183, Hurricanes, 10, 13, 30, 34, 41, 47, 50, 55, 78, 79, 80, 81, 1558, 1598 82, 83, 89, 90, 92, 107, 111, 112, 118, 121, 129, Guyana, 555, 580, 729, 782, 812 131, 135, 144, 151, 159, 165, 166, 168, 172, 179, GEMITIS Network, 1728 189, 196, 207, 218, 261, 292, 294, 370, 390, 403, 423, 426, 433, 435, 436, 443, 446, 449, 453, 459, 460, 461, 512, 516, 517, 535, 579, 581, 654, 731, H 738, 753, 754, 788, 819, 830, 862, 880, 891,1014, Haiti, 15, 182, 386, 533, 539, 1032, 1337, 1773, 1049, 1068, 1091, 1265, 1269, 1294, 1298, 1308, 1893, 1310, 1316, 1349, 1357, 1359, 1361, 1368, 1369, Health Advance Team, 421, 690, 691, 693 1370, 1395, 1396, 1443, 1521, 1553, 1554, 1555, Health Education, 546, 550, 616, 667, 691, 711, 1556, 1557, 1587, 1598, 1716, 1769, 1774 1066, 1183, 1459, Hydrogeological Map, 1345, 1690 Health Risks, 687, 994, 1711 Hydrogeology, 130, 233, 1381, 1654 Health Sector, 503, 507, 536, 539, 550, 559, 616, Hydrography, 330 719, 721, 766, 790, 795, 798, 812, 813, 870, Hydrology, 199, 1580, 1748 878, 915, 1248, 1262, 1312, 1462, 1500, 1627, 1702, 1709, 1813, 1819, 1906, Humanitarian Assistance, 1813, 1815 I Hurricane Allen, 276, 402, 409, 416, 433, 435, 448, Industrialization, 1331, 1332 458, 477, 577, 608, 753, 982, 1005, 1651 Information Technology, 1636, 1909, 1923 Hurricane Alma, 120, 293 Insurance see Disaster Insurance Hurricane Andrew, 1643, 1795 International Assistance, 35, 116, 1217, 1497 Hurricane Betsy, 187 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, Hurricane Charlie, 443, 454 228, 810, 1117, 1128, 1156, 1315, 1421, 1423, Hurricane David, 25, 396, 397, 400, 409, 424, 425, 1473, 1496, 1501, 1507, 1882 450, 482, 528, 608, 760 International Federation for the Red Cross and Red Hurricane Dean, 1188 Crescent Society, 1910 Hurricane Donna, 148 Hurricane Emily, 925, 952, 975 Hurricane Flora, 204, 534, 936 J Hurricane Frederick, 396, 397, 482, 760 Jamaica, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 25, 28, 37, 39, 40, 88, Hurricane Georges, 740, 783, 785, 1065, 1911, 112, 115, 116, 125, 134, 138, 146, 147, 157, 160, 1913 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 253, Hurricane Gilbert, 937, 967, 985, 986, 991, 992, 256, 267, 278, 342, 349, 412, 413, 443, 465, 583, 993, 997, 1001, 1002, 1004, 1006, 1007, 1008, 641, 725, 731, 773, 866, 917, 924, 957, 1073, 1184, 1010, 1016, 1018, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1263, 1347, 1351, 1365, 1372, 1382, 1393, 1394, 1046, 1048, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1058, 1407, 1408, 1412, 1483, 1540, 1559, 1567, 1568, 1064, 1067, 1121, 1122, 1125, 1126, 1152, 1569, 1593, 1597, 1630, 1654, 1655, 1657, 1671, 1154, 1158, 1160, 1165, 1166, 1169, 1184, 1685, 1686, 1718, 1734, 1758, 1863, 1872, 1894, 1191, 1195, 1196, 1198, 1230, 1242, 1243, 1897, 1924, 1929 1244, 1277, 1296, 1307, 1372, 1407, 1422, Jamaica Amateur Radio Association, 1135 1446, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1490, 1830 Hurricane Hugo, 831, 1050, 1112, 1113, 1205, 1216, 1218, 1221, 1231, 1232, 1241, 1245, K 1246, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1254, 1257, Karst Studies, 17, 180 1306, 1309, 1312, 1317, 1318, 1397, 1422, Kingston Harbour, 236, 249, 323, 1105, 1438, 1439, 1437, 1442, 1578, 1592, 1795, 1825 1529, 1585, 1647, 1656, 1670, 1689, 1691, 1722 Hurricane Hunter, 1155

260 L O Land Management, 562, 1070, 1072, 1733 Oceanography, 583 Landslide, 3, 7, 115, 127, 141, 363, 388, 610, 656, Oil Spills, 360, 383, 570, 574, 897, 942, 968, 1219, 1364, 657, 668, 760, 767, 768, 769, 776, 888, 889, 1428, 1789, 1854 890, 973, 1013, 1015, 1044, 1071, 1082, 1118, 1127, 1142, 1143, 1145, 1256, 1278, 1313, 1347, 1348, 1362, 1411, 1445, 1446, 1452, 1461, 1465, 1472, 1479, 1540, 1541, 1559, P 1571, 1665, 1666, 1726, 1738, 1755, 1756, Pan American Health Organization, 609, 976, 1545, 1758, 1759, 1781, 1788, 1796, 1924 1823, 1876 Library Documents, 1001, 1110, 1150, 1161, 1214 Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Life of Jamaica Limited, 1168 Pesticides, 37, 639, 954, 1202, 1494, 1680, 1693 Limestone, 130, 134, 149, 180, 405 Petrography, 1741 Locusts, 1057 Petrology, 1895, 879 Physiography, 229 Plans see Disaster Plans M Pollution Macroseismic Intensity, 659 Air, 214, 457, 756, 1102, 1413, 1657 Manual, 486 Fresh Water, 213, 502, 590, 593, 1681 Mantees, 825 Marine, 19, 220, 236, 240, 253, 323, 331, 334, Mapping, 1047, 1073, 1080, 1081, 1089, 1096, 335, 336, 703, 746, 771, 859, 866, 867, 1347, 1363, 1572, 1719, 1787 875, 886, 887, 942, 1103, 1105, 1267, Marine Pollution see Pollution, Marine 1287, 1382, 1400, 1431, 1444, 1450, 1513, Martinique, 53, 54, 56, 313, 659, 858, 1338, 1431, 1515, 1517, 1729 1492, 1598, 1601, 1719 Noise, 525 Media, 226, 450, 511, 523, 635, 826, 1170 Port Royal, Jamaica, 5, 267, 279 Memorandum of Understanding, 1542 Prevention and Mitigation, 268, 269, 638, 685, 1929, Meteorologist, 1116 1563, 1564 Meteorology, 57, 96, 579, 880, 1521, 1549, 1582 Privatization, 1384 Mexico, 1884 Project, 505, 636, 791, 956, 1031, 1765 Monserrat, 45, 98, 222, 554, 737, 848, 940, 953, Psycho-social Impact, 717, 1735 972, 974, 1214, 1216, 1221, 1232, 1245, 1254, Puerto Rico, 291, 429, 831, 924, 1094, 1353, 1386, 1257, 1318, 1397, 1517, 1727, 1750, 1753, 1442, 1555, 1577, 1579, 1757 1761, 1764, 1766, 1776, 1779, 1782, 1785, 1786, 1790, 1793, 1794, 1798, 1808, 1816, 1825, 1834, 1844, 1884, 1886 1889, 1921 R Mount Pele (Martinique), 97, 313, 858 Radio Operators, 710 M.V. Chrotena, 216 Rainfall, 4, 52, 74, 75, 88, 91, 101, 102, 167, 235, 263, 304, 362, 488, 494, 506, 749, 1040, 1159, 1164, 1270, 1283, 1329, 1430, 1432, 1534, 1552, 1740, N 1748, 1833, 1864, National Emergency Management Agency, Reconstruction, 396 (NEMA) 712 Reef, 157, 230, 253, 435, 436, 438, 508, 1429, 1567, National Disaster Coordinators, 821 1658, 1715, 1829 National Forestry Action Plan, 18 Regional Disaster Information Centre for Latin National Water Commission, Jamaica, 154 America and the Caribbean (CRID) 1880 Natural Hazards, 26, 247, 284, 285, 324, 338, 447, Rehabilitation, 820 526, 591, 596, 664, 707, 747, 863, 1078, 1119, Relief work, 64, 133, 378, 380, 415, 417, 420, 469, 789, 1123, 1146, 1182, 1264, 1344, 1346, 1386, 828 1467, 1474, 1605, 1678, 1799, 1837, 1851 Remote Sensors, 640 Natural Resources, 557, 1146, 1487, 1860 Rio Minho, Jamaica, 27 Needs Assessment, 555, 618, 976 Risk Assessment, 406, 799, 800, 910, 927, 964, 978, Netherland Antilles, 105, 106, 875 1033, 1619, 1772 Noise Pollution see Pollution, Noise

261 S T Scout training, 1173, 1174 Technological Disasters, 1206, 1340 Sea Level, 1034, 1223, 1522, 1525, 1539 Tectonics, 327, 342, 379, 401, 572, 884 Search and Rescue, 479, 612, 628 Telecommunications, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1165, 1259, Seismic Activity, 128, 178, 352, 356, 406, 1129, 1310, 1324 1226, 1314, 1334, 1365, 1415, 1611, 1616, Tide, 357 1620, 1713, 1763, 1772, 1800 Toxic Hazards, 752 Seismic Measurement, 337, 1620, 1622, 1624, Toxic Substances, 1175, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1295, 1300 1783, 1843 Trade Winds, 1710, 1812, 1907 Seismic Research Unit, UWI, 949, 963 Training, 15, 682, 803, 1139, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1336, Seismic Sea Wave 1608 1543, 1546, 1645, 1652, 1653, 1701, 1744, 1765, Seismic Zone, 140, 871, 958, 1406, 1609, 1621, 1767, 1801, 1821, 1845, 1846, 1900, 1904, 1918, 1713, 1800 1937 Seismology, 146, 163, 452, 669, 872, 1120, 1737 Triage, 750 Seismicity, 85, 175, 873, 1120,1282, 1435, 1623, Trinidad and Tobago, 2, 3, 87, 120, 166, 189, 205, 252, 1794, 1793 280, 295, 514, 521, 524, 593, 669, 712, 806, 860, Shelter Management, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 1081, 1097, 1133, 1145, 1171, 1181, 1199, 1204, 603, 604, 605, 617, 724, 824, 835, 839, 914, 1210, 1217, 1267, 1378, 1331, 1333, 1340, 1343, 926, 1035, 1122, 1302, 1322 1345, 1391, 1406, 1461, 1511, 1546, 1608, 1610, Slope stability 6, 8, 12, 29, 132, 868, 893, 1227, 1618, 1648, 1672, 1718, 1742, 1777, 1896, 1930 1518, 1575, 1773, 1797 Tropical Cyclones, 13, 59, 284, 494, 613, 720, 909, Soil, 1366, 1367, 1371, 1688 1009, 1171, 1328, 1391, 1399, 1412, 1431, 1434, Soil Conditions, 281, 1612 1512, 1514, 1628, 1668, 1814, 1830 Soil Conservation, 184, 249, 264, 530, 774, 892 Tropical Storm, 544, 788, 1268 Soil Moisture, 194 Tsunami, 1600, 1615, 1760, 1842 Soufriere (Guadeloupe), 1558 Turks and Caicos Island, 1601, 1715 Soufriere Volcano (St. Vincent), 27, 117, 289, 381, 382, 385, 387, 391, 392, 646, 953, 1619, 1642, Soufriere Hills Volcano (Monserrat), 940, 953, 972, U 1749, 1750, 1753, 1761, 1764, 1766, 1776, U.S. Virgin Islands, 1094, 1300, 1437, 1443, 1795 1779, 1780, 1782, 1785, 1786, 1790, 1793, United Nations, 1007 1794, 1798, 1808, 1844, 1889 United States Peace Corps, 1542 Soufriere Region (St. Lucia), 211 University of the West Indies, 1427, 1631, 1822, 1877, St. Kitts/Nevis, 45, 156, 191, 210, 216, 1130, 1218, 1894 1251, 1262, 1396, 1453, 1517, St. Lucia, 36, 124, 287, 326, 451, 530, 558, 631, V 649, 660, 912, 947, 1089, 1101, 1164, 1187, Venezuela, 1772, 1884 1229, 1233, 1239, 1319, 1326, 1352, 1387, Volcanic Eruption, 53, 54, 234, 254, 313, 325, 431, 1401, 1481, 1482, 1515, 1517, 1679, 1697, 1558, 1886 1781, 1828, 1887, 1899 Volcanic Tremor, 197, 376 St. Vincent, 25, 53, 54, 56, 117, 254, 286, 381, 382, Volcano, 60, 106, 117, 128, 140, 183, 193, 208, 210, 385, 387, 391, 392, 409, 431, 598, 599, 608, 222, 231, 237, 286, 312, 650, 651, 652, 708, 777, 646, 805, 881, 973, 1111, 1187, 1326, 1339, 786, 806, 906, 951, 961, 962, 965, 977, 1023, 1111, 1492, 1494, 1619, 1642, 1895 1130, 1228, 1284, 1289, 1297, 1375, 1418, 1451, Storm Surge, 874, 1094 1455, 1492, 1558, 1614, 1615, 1649, 1650, 1771, Storms, 10, 120, 256, 847, 1544, 1598, 1683 1808, 1858, 1873, 1886, 1892, 1893, 1896, 1897, SUMA, 1708, 1717, 1914 1921, 1922 Survey, 4, 225, 337, 448, 560, 598, 599, 600, 601, Volcanology, 106, 140, 208, 231, 1892 602, 603, 604, 605, 734, 918, 1367, 1453, 1517 Vulnerability Analysis, 1153, 1870 Sustainable Development, 20, 537, 1402, 1405, Vulnerability Study, 727, 779, 780, 935, 1083, 1092, 1420, 1427, 1634, 1696, 1805, 1871, 1872 1093 Suriname, 456

262 1454, 1520, 1540, 1597, 1777, 1781,1850, 1872 W Weather Forecast, 152, 1301, 1510, 1531, 1532, 1588, Waste Management, 1, 14, 257, 319, 326, 332, 354, 1589, 1590, 1676, 1745, 1746, 1835, 1836 500, 509, 541, 594, 615, 894, 895, 922, 959, Wind, 32 1069, 1285, 1393, 1404, 1405, 1440, 1468, Women, 931, 1240, 1244, 1644, 1655, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1505, 1535, 1537,1646, World Disasters, 1185, 1865 1692, 1747, 1806, 1809, 1899 World Health Organization, 1824 Water Resources, 198, 255, 258. 303, 343, 501, World Wide Web, 1801, 1803, 1789, 1828, 1875, 1901 514, 606, 607, 629, 1456, 1604, 1696, 1802 World Organization of Volcano Observatories(WOVO), Watershed, 38, 224, 241, 242, 243, 244, 259, 260, 1503 264, 358, 542, 571, 589, 641, 694, 695, 696, 697, 699, 700, 957, 1276, 1394, 1408, 1416,

263 Appendix III

List of Acronyms

ADMD Asociación Dominicana de Mitigación de Desastres

BIREME Latin America and Caribbean Centre on Health Sciences Information

CAREC Caribbean Epidemiology Centre

CARDIN Caribbean Disaster Information Network

CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market

CCMS Caribbean Coastal Management Study

CDERA Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency

CDMP Caribbean Disaster Mitigation Project

CEHI Caribbean Environmental Health Institute

CERO Central Emergency Relief Organization

CLAMED Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine

CRID Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Disaster Information Center

CDM Caribbean Disaster Management

CZM Coastal Zone Management

DIPECHO Disaster Preparedness Programme of the European Community Office

DFID Department for International Development

ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office

ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

EERI Earthquake Engineering Research Institute

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency

FPMP Flood Plain Mapping Project

GTZ German Technical Cooperation Agency

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

IAEE International Association for Earthquake Engineering

89 IAEG International Association of Engineering Geology

IATA International Air Transport Association

IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction

IFRC International Red Cross and Red Crescent Society

ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

NEMA National Emergency Management Agency

NRCA Natural Resources Conservation Authority

OAS Organization of American States

ODPEM Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management

OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States

PAHO Pan American Health Organization

PCDPP Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project

REDIS Regional Disaster Information System for Latin America and the Caribbean (SRID in Spanish)

STIRANA Stichting Rampenbestrijding Nederlandse Antillen -

SUMA Humanitarian Supply Management System

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme

UNDRO United Nations Disaster Relief Office

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WHO World Health Organization

WMO World Meteorological Organization

WSSI World Seismic Safety Initiative

WOVO World Organization of Volcano Observatories

90 Addresses of Organizations

Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CDERA) Latin America Centre for Disaster Medicine The Garrison (CLAMED) St. Michaels, Barbados Calle 18 No. 710, Playa Tel. No: (246) 436-9650 Ciudad, Fax No: (246) 437-7649 Habana, Cuba E-mail: [email protected] Tel. No: (537) 24 88 06 Fax No: (537) 55 22 22 E-mail: [email protected] Geological Survey Division (formerly Geological Survey Department) Manchester Parish Council Ministry of Mining and Energy Mandeville P.O. Mines and Geology Division Manchester Hope Gardens Jamaica, West Indies Kingston 6, Jamaica Tel No: (876) 962-2278-9; 962-0612 Tel No: (876) 927-1936/9 Fax No: (876) 962-0612 Fax No: (876) 977-1204 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Manchester Parish Library Mandeville P.O Hunter J. Francois Library Manchester Sir Arthur Lewis Community College Jamaica, West Indies Morne Fortune, Castries Tel No: (876) 962-2972; 962-2012 St. Lucia Fax No: (876) 962-6986 West Indies E-mail: [email protected] Tel. No: (758) 452-5507 Fax No: (758)452-7901 Ministry of Agriculture Email: [email protected] ; 193 Old Hope Road [email protected] Kingston, Jamaica Tel No: (876) 977-0580 Fax No: (876) 977-1875 Jamaica Information Service ( formerly Agency for Public Information) National Emergency Management Agency 58a Half Way Tree Road (NEMA) Kingston 10, Jamaica #17-19 Abercromby Street Tel No: (876) 926-3740; 926-3590/8 Port Of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago Fax No: (876) 926-6715 Tel No: (868) 623-2078/ 623-8004/ 623-1943 E-mail: [email protected] Fax No: (868) 625-8926 E-mail: [email protected] Kingston and St. Andrew Parish Library 2 Tom Redcam Drive National Library of Jamaica Kingston 5, Jamaica 12 East Street Tel No: (876) 926-3315; 754-8148 Kingston, Jamaica Fax No: (876) 926-3554 Tel No: (876) 922-0620 E-mail: [email protected] Fax No: (876) 922-1147 E-mail: [email protected]

91 Natural Resources Conservation Authority 10 Caledonia Avenue University of the West Indies, Mona P.O. Box 207 Main Library Kingston 5, Jamaica University of the West Indies Tel No: (876) 754-7550-1 Mona, Kingston 7 Fax No: (876) 754-7596 Jamaica, West Indies E-mail: [email protected] Tel No: (876) 935-8294/6, 927-2123 Fax No: (876) 927-1926 Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency E-mail: [email protected] Management (formerly Office of Disaster Preparedness) University of the West Indies, Mona 12 Camp Road Medical Library Kingston 4, Jamaica University of the West Indies Tel. No: (876) 928-5111-4 Mona, Kingston 7 Fax No: (876) 928-5503 / 928-8763 Jamaica E-mail: [email protected] Tel No: (876) 927-1073 Fax No: (876) 927-1073 Planning Institute of Jamaica E-mail: [email protected] 8 Ocean Boulevard Kingston, Jamaica University of the West Indies, Mona Tel No: (876) 906-4386; 906-4453 Science Library Fax No: (876) 906-4465 University of the West Indies E-mail: [email protected] Mona, Kingston 7 Jamaica, West Indies Regional Disaster Information Center for Latin Tel No: (876) 935-8202; 935-8835-43 America and the Caribbean (CRID) Fax No: (876) 970-1758 Aptdo Postal 3745-1000 E-mail: [email protected] San José, Costa Rica Tel No: (506) 296 3952 Fax No: (506) 231-5973 University of the West Indies, Mona E-mail: [email protected] Sir Authur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies (formerly Institute of Social St. Lucia Solid Waste Management Authorities and Economic Research) P.O., Box 103 University of the West Indies Castries, St. Lucia Mona, Kingston 7 Tel. No: (738) 453-2208 Jamaica WI Fax: (758) 453-6856 Tel No: (876) 927- 0233 E-mail: [email protected] Fax No: (876) 927-2409 E-mail: [email protected] Scientific Research Council Hope Gardens University of the West Indies, St. Agustine P.O. Box 350 The Main Library Kingston 6, Jamaica University of the West Indies Tel No: (876) 927-1771; 927-1706 St. Augustine Fax No: (876) 9771840 Stomata, Port of Spain E-mail: [email protected] Trinidad and Tobago Tel No: (868) 663-1344 Ext. 2008 University of the West Indies, Mona Fax No:(868) 662-9238 Unit for Disaster Studies E-mail: [email protected] Department of Geography and Geology University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston 7 Urban Development Cooperation Jamaica, West Indies 12 Ocean Boulevard Tel No: (876) 927-2128; 927-2129 Kingston, Jamaica Fax No: (876) 977-6029 Tel No: (876) 922-8310; 922-8317

92 Fax No: (876) 922-9326 E-mail: [email protected]

93