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The Gospel of Mark

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The Gospel of Mark The Gospel of Mark A Living Word Independent Bible Study The Gospel of Mark Part 45 Mark 16:9-20 A Living Word Independent Bible Study All of the earliest manuscripts of Mark’s Gospel end after verse 8 of chapter 16. All modern Bibles, then, have a major break, with an explanation, after verse 8. Mark 16:9-20 Major scholarly debate surrounds the issue of the ending of Mark’s ( NIV) Gospel. Most likely, either the Gospel ended at verse 8, or, the INTRODUCTION original ending was somehow lost. The early manuscripts of Mark’s Gospel that have been discovered end in one of four ways: Ending at verse 8 (the very oldest manuscripts) Including an additional “short ending” after verse 8 Including an additional “long ending” after verse 8 These verses are given the numbering of 9-20 Including the “long ending” then followed by the “short ending” as an additional verse. Nearly all scholars agree that both the “short” and “long” endings are not part of the original work. Disagreement centers on whether the original text ended at verse 8, or if there is an original ending that has been lost. Only ONE ancient manuscript of Mark’s Gospel contains ONLY the Ma r k: The “short ending”, without the “long ending” ahead of it. This manuscript dates from the fourth century, and is a translation Short Ending into Old Latin – it does not reflect the original Greek version of the But all that they had Gospel. been told they reported Many other manuscripts that contain the full long ending (Mark briefly to those with 16:9-20 in most Bibles) ALSO contain this short ending … but Peter. But after these many do not. things, even Jesus himself sent out by Some scholars have taken to referring to this as “the happy mea ns of them, fr om ending”! east to west, the sacred Mark 16:8 ended with the women fleeing the empty tomb and imperishable in fear, saying nothing to anyone about what they had seen. The short ending takes care of the messy detail that Mark proclamation of eternal 16:9 leaves hanging – why didn’t the women do as the young man salvation. Amen. had commanded them, and tell the disciples what they had seen? According to the short ending, they DID! They gave a brief report to Peter, and then the disciples shared the gospel message across the known world. A Happy Ending! The only problem is: The language found in the short ending is not at all Ma r k: The typical of Mark. Nowhere do words like “the sacred and imperishable Short Ending proclamation of eternal salvation” appear in the rest of the Gospel. But all that they had It seems clear that the short ending of Mark was added, at some been told they reported point, by a copyist or scribe to correct any perception that the briefly to those with women who found the tomb were disobedient to the command the Peter. But after these “young man” gave them. things, even Jesus This would be especially true as the language of Matthew himself sent out by and Luke, in referring to this young man as an “angel”, became the mea ns of them, fr om dominant understanding of followers of Jesus. east to west, the sacred and imperishable proclamation of eternal salvation. Amen. Most ancient manuscripts of Mark’s Gospel DO include the “long Ma r k: The Long ending” found in Mark 16:9-20. Ending, Part 1: It is a very few, even more ancient manuscripts, that do NOT 16:9-11 include it. When Jesus rose early Most scholars believe that scribes copying the Gospel in the second on the first day of the century AD added the texts, either after the original ending was week, he appeared first lost or because they thought that, compared to Matthew, Mark, to Mary Magdalene, out and John, the ending seemed incomplete. of whom he had driven The stories included in verses 9-20 are a conflation of stories and seven demons. She went traditions found in Matthew, Luke, John, and even the Acts of the and told those who had Apostles. been with him and who were mourning and For each story in the “long ending”, we will look at the Gospel weeping. When they parallel from which it is drawn. heard that Jesus was alive and that she had seen him, they did not believe it. Ma r k: The Long Mark 16:9-11 is a summary of the story found in John 20:10-18. Mark is here following the tradition of John’s Gospel, in which Ending, Part 1: Jesus first appeared to Mary Magdalene, alone. 16:9-11 ( NIV) This is in contrast to Matthew’s Gospel, in which Jesus appears to When Jesus rose early both Mary Magdalene AND “the other Mary”. on the first day of the week, he appeared first And in contrast to Luke’s Gospel, which does not have a to Mary Magdalene, out Resurrection appearance to the women at all. of whom he had driven The next slide contains the full text of John’s account of Jesus’ seven demons. She went appearance to Mary Magdalene, which is summarized in Part 1 of and told those who had Mark’s “Long Ending”. been with him and who were mourning and weeping. When they heard that Jesus was alive and that she had seen him, they did not believe it. Ma r k: The Long Mark 16:9-11 is a summary of the story found in John 20:10-18: John 20:11-18 (NIV) – 11 Now Mary stood outside the tomb crying. As she Ending, Part 1: wept, she bent over to look into the tomb 12 and saw two angels in white, seated where Jesus’ body had been, one at the head and the other at the foot. 13 They asked her, 16:9-11 ( NIV) “Woman, why are you crying?” “They have taken my Lord away,” she said, “and I don’t know where they have put him.” 14 At this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not realize that it was Jesus. 15 He asked her, “Woman, why are you When Jesus rose early crying? Who is it you are looking for?” Thinking he was the gardener, she said, “Sir, if on the first day of the you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will get him.” week, he appeared first 16 Jesus said to her, “Mary.” She turned toward him and cried out in Aramaic, “Rabboni!” (which means “Teacher”). 17 Jesus said, “Do not hold on to me, to Mary Magdalene, out for I have not yet ascended to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, ‘I of whom he had driven am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’” 18 Mary Magdalene went to the disciples with the news: “I have seen the Lord!” And she told seven demons. She went them that he had said these things to her. and told those who had been with him and who were mourning and weeping. When they heard that Jesus was alive and that she had seen him, they did not believe it. Ma r k: The Long Mark 16:12-13 is a summary of the story found in Luke 24:13-35. Luke is the only Gospel writer to include the long story that has Ending, Part 2: come to be known as “The Walk to Emmaus”. 16:12-13 ( NIV) This short account of two disciples encountering the risen Jesus Afterward Jesus “while they were walking in the country”, and their return to appeared in a different Jerusalem where they “reported it to the rest” is almost assuredly a form to two of them reference to this longer story. while they were walking Luke’s full account of the walk to Emmaus is included on the next in the country. These slide, for comparison to Mark’s summary statement. returned and reported it to the rest; but they did not believe them either. Luke 24:13-35 (NIV): 13 Now that same day two of them were going to a village called Emmaus, about seven Ma r k: The Long miles from Jerusalem. 14 They were talking with each other about everything that had happened. 15 As they talked and discussed these things with each other, Jesus himself Ending, Part 2: came up and walked along with them; 16 but they were kept from recognizing him. 17 He asked them, “What are you discussing together as you walk along?” They stood still, their ( NIV) faces downcast. 18 One of them, named Cleopas, asked him, “Are you the only one visiting 16:12-13 Jerusalem who does not know the things that have happened there in these days?” 19 “What things?” he asked. “About Jesus of Nazareth,” they replied. “He was a Afterward Jesus prophet, powerful in word and deed before God and all the people. 20 The chief priests appeared in a different and our rulers handed him over to be sentenced to death, and they crucified him; 21 but we had hoped that he was the one who was going to redeem Israel. And what is more, it is form to two of them the third day since all this took place. 22 In addition, some of our women amazed us. They while they were walking went to the tomb early this morning 23 but didn’t find his body.
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