DOCSLIB.ORG

Plant Development & the Fern Life Cycle Using Ceratopteris Richardii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plant Development & the Fern Life Cycle Using Ceratopteris Richardii How-To-Do-It Plant Development& the Fern Life Cycle Using Ceratopterisrichardii KarenS. Renzaglia Thomas R.Warne Leslie G. Hickok Plants can make importantcontribu- gametophytic phase of the life cycle. studies (Hickok 1985; Hickok et al. tions in demonstratingbasic biological In particular,phenomena such as ger- 1987). Ceratopterisis an ideal experi- Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/57/7/438/47354/4450034.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 principles of development, genetics, mination, organogenesis, interactions mental organism because of several physiology and cytology because of between individuals, control of devel- unique features that distinguish it the ease with which they can be cul- opment, fertilization,and embryo de- from other ferns; these include a rapid tured, manipulated and observed. velopment can be investigated using life cycle, the ease of culture and ma- Presently, two flowering plant model very simple techniques. nipulation of both sporophytes and systems, Fast Plants (rapid cycling In this paper, we describe a labora- gametophytes, and the availabilityof a Brassica)and Arabidopsis,are used ex- tory exercise for high school students large variety of specific mutant lines tensively in research and teaching or undergraduatesin General Biology (Hickoket al. 1987). (Williams& Hill 1986; Goldberg 1988; using C. richardii.This exercise ex- Perhaps the most attractivefeature Patrusky 1991). However, the exclu- tends over four weeks, with potential of Ceratopterisis that it can complete its sive focus on angiosperm models con- for continued observation, and fo- life cycle from spore to spore in less tributesto a limited appreciationof the cuses on the development of sexually than 90 days, thus permitting semes- diversity of plant development, mor- mature gametophytes from single- ter use. Both gametophytes and sporo- phology and life cycles. In fact, many celled spores. We have successfully phytes are easily cultured on a simple aspects of plant biology are more used this inquiry-based exercise for mineral medium, and can be manipu- readily explored in less specialized three years in a one-semester course lated, bred and propagated asexually. plants such as ferns and bryophytes, with 25 laboratorysections, each with The entire sexual phase of the life cycle in which there is a striking alternation about 20-25 students. We also present may be completed under axenic (ster- of generations or life cycle phases de- techniques for culture and manipula- ile) conditions. In addition to culture fined by meiosis and syngamy. A tion of gametophyte development on an agar-solidifiedmedium, game- model system based on the homo- from spores that are applicable for tophytes can be grown by a variety of sporous fern, Ceratopterisrichardii has hands-on activities for students at all means, including suspension culture, received relatively widespread appli- levels. The guiding text poses many on soil or on sand (Warne & Lloyd cation in research but has not been questions that promote interaction 1981). exploited to its full potential as an with the instructor. In addition, this Under standard culture conditions, instructionaltool (Chasan 1992). exercise can be used to reinforce or spores (Figure 1) initially germinateat Like all ferns, C. richardiiis charac- integrate with other biological princi- 3-6 days following spore imbibition terized by an alternationbetween mor- ples, such as genetics (homozygosity, and maximum germination occurs by phologically and physiologically inde- heterozygosity), evolution (mating 6-10 days. Gametophytes (prothalli) pendent haploid gametophyte and systems, sexual reproduction)and de- reach sexual maturity in 8-20 days, diploid sporophyte phases which de- velopment (mitosis, meiosis, cellular depending on culture conditions (Fig- velop from single-celled spores and differentiation),depending on the dis- ures 24). At sexual maturity two ga- zygotes, respectively. The relative cretion of the instructor. metophytic types are evident, males structural simplicity of these gen- and cordates. Male gametophytes are erations allows for direct illustration Organism small, lack a defined meristematicre- of fundamental principles of plant gion and bear only male sex organs or growth, differentiationand population Ceratopterisis a fern genus with one antheridia (Figures 4 & 5). The large dynamics, especially in the sexual or tetraploid and three diploid taxa cordate gametophytes exhibit a char- (Lloyd 1974). Plants are found rooted acteristicwell-defined notch meristem in swampy areas or floating in open and eventually bear both female sex Karen S. Renzaglia is Professor of Biolog- water throughout the tropics and sub- organs (archegonia) and antheridia ical Sciences at East Tennessee State tropics, and commonly exhibit a (Figures3 & 6). Sexual dimorphism is University,Johnson City, TN 37614. Tho- weedy habit, e.g. in roadside ditches mediated by a species-specific phero- mas R. Wame is a Research Associate in and Hawaiian the Department of Botany and Lesie G. taro patches (Lloyd mone, antheridiogen, which is se- Hickok Ph.D., is Professor of Botany at 1973). A strain of the diploid C. richar- creted by gametophytes into the the Universityof Tennessee, Knoxville,TN dii, Hn-n, is well-characterizedand medium and causes sensitive gameto- 37996. has been used for a variety of genetic, phytes to become male. Sexual dimor- developmental and physiological phism occurs even among populations 438 THEAMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER, VOLUME 57, NO. 7, OCTOBER1995 of genetically identical gametophytes (Warneet al. 1988). Fertilizationof the egg by sperm is effected by water- induced release of motile sperm which swim to and down the archegonial neck (Figure 7). Within 3-7 days fol- lowing fertilization,swollen regions at the base of the archegonia manifest development of young embryos. Un- like in seed plants, sex organs, sperm, egg cells, developing embryos and the process of fertilization may be ob- served in whole mounts of Ceratopteris gametophytes without extensive effort in dissection. Sporophytes develop over several weeks, producing a het- eroblasticsequence of sterile and then fertile leaves (sporophylls) that bear A,~~~~~~~~~~ sporangia (Figures 8-10). Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/57/7/438/47354/4450034.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 Preparation for Laboratory Exercise For this exercise, students sow spores and culture gametophytes in 60 x 20 mm plastic petri dishes con- taining an agar-solidified nutrient medium. The composition of stock solutions and the working nutrient medium (modified Parker/Thompson's culture medium, Klekowski 1969) is given in Table 1. Not all commercially available media are appropriate for fern culturing, but a half-strength modified Murashige and Skoog me- cordate gametophyte showing numerous/ arhgoi (AR. Br=5 Fgr .Hg dium with 1/2 x NH4NO3 and 1/2 x KNO3 (Sigma M8900) yields results comparable to the modified Parker/ Thompson medium. We usually pour mgifcto of~anaceoimwt-ueossemcls(P tepigt wmdw h about 100 petri dishes per liter of me- dium. Petri dishes can be poured on a nec an fetilze he gg.Bar= 1 ym clean bench without the use of a lam- inar flow hood. Culture dishes from each laboratory Mm~~ section are placed in a tray under grow lights (ideally four tubes, 4 inches apart at 20 cm from the cultures) at room temperature (ca. 25? C). For ex- perimental purposes, optimal condi- tions for gametophytic growth and development are a constant thermo- Plate 1, Figures 1-7. Gametophyte development in Ceratopteris richardii photoperiod of 28 ? 1? C and 80-85 Figure 1. Ungerminated spore showing wall ornamentation. Bar = 50 ALm.Figure 2. Young, ,umolesPAR per m2 per sec. However, developing gametophytes. The upper gametophyte is slightly younger than the lower gameto- can be successfully cul- phyte, which has begun to develop a notch meristem (M). Cell divisions in this meristem result in gametophytes a mitten-shaped or heart-shaped mature gametophyte such as that in Figure 3. Note rhizoids (R) tured under a wide variety of temper- at the base of the gametophyte near the ruptured spore walls (arrows). Bar = 50 ,um. Figutre ature and light regimens, including 3. Nearly mature cordate (hermaphrodite) gametophyte. Archegonia (AR) are visible near the ambient light conditions. Precise tim- notch meristem (M) and a few antheridia (AN) are developing along the wings. Rhizoids (R) are ing of development will depend on numerous around the base of the gametophyte, near the spore wall (arrow). Bar = 100 ,um. Figure environmental regimen, including 4. Male gametophyte of an age and magnification comparable to the hermaphrodite in Figure 3. type of culture medium, light inten- Growth of this form is limited to the production of numerous antheridia that cover the surface. Abundant rhizoids (R) are located at the base of the gametophyte near the spore watl (arrow). Bar sity, photoperiod and temperature. = 50 ,um. Figure S. Higher magnification of the surface of a male gametophyte similar to that in On the window sill or at room temper- Figure 4. Each antheridium contains 16 or 32 sperm cells (SP). The distinctly cofled sperm are atures below 240 C, spore germination mature and ready to be released. Bar = 50 ,am. Figure 6. Details of the notch meristem (M) of a and growth will be slowed consider- ably. A trial run under specific class- room conditions is recommended to determine timing of developmental FERNUFE CYCLE 439 events. Generally, at warm room For the following three weeks, we temperature and under constant light, prompt observations with questions spores germinate in one week and about specific aspects of development motile sperm are visible in three and other issues. Discussion between weeks. instructor and student may be simple, p1P Spores of Ceratopterisare relatively or more complex and detailed, de- easy to manipulate as they are atypi- pending on the background of the cally large (60-100 ,um diameter); there student. Thus, this exercise is applica- are about 1.25 x 106 spores per gram. ble at a variety of educational levels. Spores can be stored indefinitely at Spores are currently available from room temperature.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Paper PHYSICOCHEMICAL and PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS of the LEAVES of Acrostichum Aureum L
    Journal of Global Biosciences ISSN 2320-1355 Volume 9, Number 4, 2020, pp. 7003-7018 Website: www.mutagens.co.in DOI: www.mutagens.co.in/jgb/vol.09/04/090407.pdf Research Paper PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF THE LEAVES OF Acrostichum aureum L. M. Arockia Badhsheeba1 and V. Vadivel2 1Department of UG Biotechnology, Kumararani Meena Muthiah College of Arts and Science, 4 - Crescent Avenue Road, Gandhi Nagar, Adiyar, Chennai – 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India, 2PG and Research Department of Botany, V. O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin – 628008, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract The physicochemical parameters are mainly used in judging the purity of the drug. Hence, in the present investigation, moisture content, total ash, water-soluble ash, acid-soluble ash, sulphated ash and different solvent extractive values are determined. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step, in the detection of the bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and subsequently, may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, chief phytoconstituents of the Acrostichum aureum L (Fern) medicinal plant of the Pteridaceae family were identified to relate their presence with bioactivities of the plants. These research findings highlight that methanolic extracts of A. aureum leaves had the highest number of phytochemicals compared to other solvent extracts. Hence, methanolic extracts of A. aureum leaves holds the great potential to treat various human diseases and has profound medical applicability. Fluorescence analysis of powder under visible light and UV light helps establish the purity of the drug. Hence, fluorescence analysis of leaf powder is undertaken. Key words: Acrostichum aureum L., Pteridophytes, Physicochemical, Phytochemical Screening, Fluorescence Analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratopteris Pteridoides in China, and Conservation Implications
    Ann. Bot. Fennici 47: 34–44 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 10 March 2010 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2010 Genetic variation and gene flow in the endangered aquatic fern Ceratopteris pteridoides in China, and conservation implications Yuan-Huo Dong1,*, Robert Wahiti Gituru2 & Qing-Feng Wang3 1) Department of Biologic Technology, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000- 00200, Nairobi, Kenya 3) Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China Received 27 Mar. 2008, revised version received 3 Dec. 2009, accepted 24 Feb. 2009 Dong, Y. H., Wahiti Gituru, R. & Wang, Q. F. 2010: Genetic variation and gene flow in the endan- gered aquatic fern Ceratopteris pteridoides in China, and conservation implications. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 47: 34–44. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to measure the levels of genetic variation and patterns of the population structure within and among the five remaining populations of Ceratopteris pteridoides, an endangered aquatic fern in China. Fourteen RAPD primers amplified 101 reproducible bands, with 34 (33.66%) of them being polymorphic, indicating low levels of genetic diversity at the species level. The level of genetic diversity within the populations was consider- ably lower, with the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 16.83% to 24.75%. AMOVA analysis revealed a low level of genetic variation (30.92%) among the populations. The UPGMA cluster of 72 samples detected that individuals from the same population did not form one distinct group, indicating high levels of gene flow between the populations.
    [Show full text]
  • (Polypodiales) Plastomes Reveals Two Hypervariable Regions Maria D
    Logacheva et al. BMC Plant Biology 2017, 17(Suppl 2):255 DOI 10.1186/s12870-017-1195-z RESEARCH Open Access Comparative analysis of inverted repeats of polypod fern (Polypodiales) plastomes reveals two hypervariable regions Maria D. Logacheva1, Anastasiya A. Krinitsina1, Maxim S. Belenikin1,2, Kamil Khafizov2,3, Evgenii A. Konorov1,4, Sergey V. Kuptsov1 and Anna S. Speranskaya1,3* From Belyaev Conference Novosibirsk, Russia. 07-10 August 2017 Abstract Background: Ferns are large and underexplored group of vascular plants (~ 11 thousands species). The genomic data available by now include low coverage nuclear genomes sequences and partial sequences of mitochondrial genomes for six species and several plastid genomes. Results: We characterized plastid genomes of three species of Dryopteris, which is one of the largest fern genera, using sequencing of chloroplast DNA enriched samples and performed comparative analysis with available plastomes of Polypodiales, the most species-rich group of ferns. We also sequenced the plastome of Adianthum hispidulum (Pteridaceae). Unexpectedly, we found high variability in the IR region, including duplication of rrn16 in D. blanfordii, complete loss of trnI-GAU in D. filix-mas, its pseudogenization due to the loss of an exon in D. blanfordii. Analysis of previously reported plastomes of Polypodiales demonstrated that Woodwardia unigemmata and Lepisorus clathratus have unusual insertions in the IR region. The sequence of these inserted regions has high similarity to several LSC fragments of ferns outside of Polypodiales and to spacer between tRNA-CGA and tRNA-TTT genes of mitochondrial genome of Asplenium nidus. We suggest that this reflects the ancient DNA transfer from mitochondrial to plastid genome occurred in a common ancestor of ferns.
    [Show full text]
  • Fern Classification
    16 Fern classification ALAN R. SMITH, KATHLEEN M. PRYER, ERIC SCHUETTPELZ, PETRA KORALL, HARALD SCHNEIDER, AND PAUL G. WOLF 16.1 Introduction and historical summary / Over the past 70 years, many fern classifications, nearly all based on morphology, most explicitly or implicitly phylogenetic, have been proposed. The most complete and commonly used classifications, some intended primar• ily as herbarium (filing) schemes, are summarized in Table 16.1, and include: Christensen (1938), Copeland (1947), Holttum (1947, 1949), Nayar (1970), Bierhorst (1971), Crabbe et al. (1975), Pichi Sermolli (1977), Ching (1978), Tryon and Tryon (1982), Kramer (in Kubitzki, 1990), Hennipman (1996), and Stevenson and Loconte (1996). Other classifications or trees implying relationships, some with a regional focus, include Bower (1926), Ching (1940), Dickason (1946), Wagner (1969), Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1972), Holttum (1973), and Mickel (1974). Tryon (1952) and Pichi Sermolli (1973) reviewed and reproduced many of these and still earlier classifica• tions, and Pichi Sermolli (1970, 1981, 1982, 1986) also summarized information on family names of ferns. Smith (1996) provided a summary and discussion of recent classifications. With the advent of cladistic methods and molecular sequencing techniques, there has been an increased interest in classifications reflecting evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic studies robustly support a basal dichotomy within vascular plants, separating the lycophytes (less than 1 % of extant vascular plants) from the euphyllophytes (Figure 16.l; Raubeson and Jansen, 1992, Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Pryer et al., 2001a, 2004a, 2004b; Qiu et al., 2006). Living euphyl• lophytes, in turn, comprise two major clades: spermatophytes (seed plants), which are in excess of 260 000 species (Thorne, 2002; Scotland and Wortley, Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycopliytes, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Two Fern Genomes
    Sessa et al. GigaScience 2014, 3:15 http://www.gigasciencejournal.com/content/3/1/15 REVIEW Open Access Between Two Fern Genomes Emily B Sessa1,2*, Jo Ann Banks3, Michael S Barker4, Joshua P Der5,15, Aaron M Duffy6, Sean W Graham7, Mitsuyasu Hasebe8, Jane Langdale9, Fay-Wei Li10, D Blaine Marchant1,11, Kathleen M Pryer10, Carl J Rothfels12,16, Stanley J Roux13, Mari L Salmi13, Erin M Sigel10, Douglas E Soltis1,2,11, Pamela S Soltis2,11, Dennis W Stevenson14 and Paul G Wolf6 Abstract Ferns are the only major lineage of vascular plants not represented by a sequenced nuclear genome. This lack of genome sequence information significantly impedes our ability to understand and reconstruct genome evolution not only in ferns, but across all land plants. Azolla and Ceratopteris are ideal and complementary candidates to be the first ferns to have their nuclear genomes sequenced. They differ dramatically in genome size, life history, and habit, and thus represent the immense diversity of extant ferns. Together, this pair of genomes will facilitate myriad large-scale comparative analyses across ferns and all land plants. Here we review the unique biological characteristics of ferns and describe a number of outstanding questions in plant biology that will benefit from the addition of ferns to the set of taxa with sequenced nuclear genomes. We explain why the fern clade is pivotal for understanding genome evolution across land plants, and we provide a rationale for how knowledge of fern genomes will enable progress in research beyond the ferns themselves. Keywords: Azolla, Ceratopteris, Comparative analyses, Ferns, Genomics, Land plants, Monilophytes Introduction numerous traits found in seed plant crops and model spe- Ferns (Monilophyta) are an ancient lineage of land plants cies, such as rice and Arabidopsis [13,14].
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochrome Diversity in Green Plants and the Origin of Canonical Plant Phytochromes
    ARTICLE Received 25 Feb 2015 | Accepted 19 Jun 2015 | Published 28 Jul 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8852 OPEN Phytochrome diversity in green plants and the origin of canonical plant phytochromes Fay-Wei Li1, Michael Melkonian2, Carl J. Rothfels3, Juan Carlos Villarreal4, Dennis W. Stevenson5, Sean W. Graham6, Gane Ka-Shu Wong7,8,9, Kathleen M. Pryer1 & Sarah Mathews10,w Phytochromes are red/far-red photoreceptors that play essential roles in diverse plant morphogenetic and physiological responses to light. Despite their functional significance, phytochrome diversity and evolution across photosynthetic eukaryotes remain poorly understood. Using newly available transcriptomic and genomic data we show that canonical plant phytochromes originated in a common ancestor of streptophytes (charophyte algae and land plants). Phytochromes in charophyte algae are structurally diverse, including canonical and non-canonical forms, whereas in land plants, phytochrome structure is highly conserved. Liverworts, hornworts and Selaginella apparently possess a single phytochrome, whereas independent gene duplications occurred within mosses, lycopods, ferns and seed plants, leading to diverse phytochrome families in these clades. Surprisingly, the phytochrome portions of algal and land plant neochromes, a chimera of phytochrome and phototropin, appear to share a common origin. Our results reveal novel phytochrome clades and establish the basis for understanding phytochrome functional evolution in land plants and their algal relatives. 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. 2 Botany Department, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. 3 University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 4 Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK. 5 New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetland Plants of the Townsville − Burdekin
    WETLAND PLANTS OF THE TOWNSVILLE − BURDEKIN Dr Greg Calvert & Laurence Liessmann (RPS Group, Townsville) For Lower Burdekin Landcare Association Incorporated (LBLCA) Working in the local community to achieve sustainable land use THIS PUBLICATION WAS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE SUPPORT OF: Burdekin Shire Council Calvert, Greg Liessmann, Laurence Wetland Plants of the Townsville–Burdekin Flood Plain ISBN 978-0-9925807-0-4 First published 2014 by Lower Burdekin Landcare Association Incorporated (LBLCA) PO Box 1280, Ayr, Qld, 4807 Graphic Design by Megan MacKinnon (Clever Tangent) Printed by Lotsa Printing, Townsville © Lower Burdekin Landcare Association Inc. Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted under the Copyright Act, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without prior permission of LBLCA All photographs copyright Greg Calvert Please reference as: Calvert G., Liessmann L. (2014) Wetland Plants of the Townsville–Burdekin Flood Plain. Lower Burdekin Landcare Association Inc., Ayr. The Queensland Wetlands Program supports projects and activities that result in long-term benefits to the sustainable management, wise use and protection of wetlands in Queensland. The tools developed by the Program help wetlands landholders, managers and decision makers in government and industry. The Queensland Wetlands Program is currently funded by the Queensland Government. Disclaimer: This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The authors and funding bodies hold no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).
    [Show full text]
  • How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica Castrejón-Varela, Alejandra; Pérez-García, Blanca; Mendoza-Ruiz, Aniceto; Espinosa-Matías, Silvia Gametophyte morphology of Acrostichum aureum and A. danaeifolium (Pteridaceae) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 66, no. 1, 2018, pp. 178-188 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v66i1.27815 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44955366014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Gametophyte morphology of Acrostichum aureum and A. danaeifolium (Pteridaceae) Alejandra Castrejón-Varela1, Blanca Pérez-García1, Aniceto Mendoza-Ruiz1 & Silvia Espinosa-Matías2 1. Área de Botánica Estructural y Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2. Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México; [email protected] Received 01-VI-2017. Corrected 26-X-2017. Accepted 22-XI-2017. Abstract: Acrostichum is a pantropical genus and has four species, two of which occur in the Neotropics, A. aureum and A. danaeifolium. In Mexico, A. danaeifolium grows further in land wet soils and is much more common than A. aureum, which is typically found in brackish or saline habitats near the coast, and is restricted to coastal saline mangrove communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratopteris Thalictroides (Water Sprite)
    Figure 1: Ceratopteris thalictroides (water sprite). Photo by Shaun Winterton, Aquarium and Pond Plants of the World, Edition 3, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org California Pest Rating Proposal for Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongniart: water sprite Family: Pteridaceae Current Pest Rating: B Proposed Pest Rating: D Comment Period: 10/02/2019 through 11/16/2019 Initiating Event: This plant has been included on the CDFA noxious weed list [3 CCR § 4500] as a B-rated plant pest. However, water sprite has not been reviewed under the current pest rating system. A pest rating proposal is required to evaluate the current rating and status of water sprite in the state of California. History & Status: Background: Water sprite (Ceratopteris thalictroides) is an obligate wetland fern. It is a perennial plant whose natural habitat is still and sluggish waters and the margins of lakes, rivers, ponds, and swamps. Water sprite has a compact stem bearing numerous roots (Winterton, 2018). Its leaf shapes are highly variable in shape and habit on the same plant. Some leaves are emersed and others are floating. The floating leaves are often thick and fleshy with deep lobes on the margins. One form of emersed leaf is somewhat wide and relatively flat. Another form of emersed leaf is stiff, finely divided, and frilly, resembling thick needles (CAIP, 2018). These frilly leaves are the reproductive leaves and have ball- shaped sporangia on the undersides. The sporangia are the structures in which spores are produced (CAIP, 2018). Water sprite can be dispersed by spores, plantlets, and leaf fragments (Winterton, 2018). Water sprite does not produce flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Two Fern Genomes
    Sessa et al. GigaScience 2014, 3:15 http://www.gigasciencejournal.com/content/3/1/15 REVIEW Open Access Between Two Fern Genomes Emily B Sessa1,2*, Jo Ann Banks3, Michael S Barker4, Joshua P Der5,15, Aaron M Duffy6, Sean W Graham7, Mitsuyasu Hasebe8, Jane Langdale9, Fay-Wei Li10, D Blaine Marchant1,11, Kathleen M Pryer10, Carl J Rothfels12,16, Stanley J Roux13, Mari L Salmi13, Erin M Sigel10, Douglas E Soltis1,2,11, Pamela S Soltis2,11, Dennis W Stevenson14 and Paul G Wolf6 Abstract Ferns are the only major lineage of vascular plants not represented by a sequenced nuclear genome. This lack of genome sequence information significantly impedes our ability to understand and reconstruct genome evolution not only in ferns, but across all land plants. Azolla and Ceratopteris are ideal and complementary candidates to be the first ferns to have their nuclear genomes sequenced. They differ dramatically in genome size, life history, and habit, and thus represent the immense diversity of extant ferns. Together, this pair of genomes will facilitate myriad large-scale comparative analyses across ferns and all land plants. Here we review the unique biological characteristics of ferns and describe a number of outstanding questions in plant biology that will benefit from the addition of ferns to the set of taxa with sequenced nuclear genomes. We explain why the fern clade is pivotal for understanding genome evolution across land plants, and we provide a rationale for how knowledge of fern genomes will enable progress in research beyond the ferns themselves. Keywords: Azolla, Ceratopteris, Comparative analyses, Ferns, Genomics, Land plants, Monilophytes Introduction numerous traits found in seed plant crops and model spe- Ferns (Monilophyta) are an ancient lineage of land plants cies, such as rice and Arabidopsis [13,14].
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration Into Fern Genome Space
    GBE An Exploration into Fern Genome Space Paul G. Wolf1,*, Emily B. Sessa2,3, Daniel Blaine Marchant2,3,4,Fay-WeiLi5,CarlJ.Rothfels6,ErinM.Sigel5,9, Matthew A. Gitzendanner2,3,4,ClaytonJ.Visger2,3,4, Jo Ann Banks7, Douglas E. Soltis2,3,4, Pamela S. Soltis3,4, Kathleen M. Pryer5,andJoshuaP.Der8 1Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University 2Department of Biology, University of Florida 3Genetics Institute, University of Florida 4Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida 5Department of Biology, Duke University 6University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 7Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University 8Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton 9Present address: Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: August 12, 2015 Data deposition: Full data sets for this project, including sequence reads and assemblies have been deposited at the Utah State University Digitial Commons with the DOI 10.15142/T39G67 (http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T39G67). Annotated plastomes have been deposited at GenBank under the accessions KP136829-KP136832, KM052729, and HM535629. Abstract Ferns are one of the few remaining major clades of land plants for which a complete genome sequence is lacking. Knowledge of genome space in ferns will enable broad-scale comparative analyses of land plant genes and genomes, provide insights into genome evolution across green plants, and shed light on genetic and genomic features that characterize ferns, such as their high chromosome numbers and large genome sizes. As part of an initial exploration into fern genome space, we used a whole genome shotgun sequencing approach to obtain low-density coverage (~0.4X to 2X) for six fern species from the Polypodiales (Ceratopteris, Pteridium, Polypodium, Cystopteris), Cyatheales (Plagiogyria), and Gleicheniales (Dipteris).
    [Show full text]