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MSC Pre-Assessment Update for Wakayama Tuna Longline Fishery

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MSC Pre-Assessment Update for Wakayama Tuna Longline Fishery MSC Pre-assessment Update for Wakayama Tuna Longline Fishery March 2017 Prepared for Resources Legacy Fund Prepared by Ocean Outcomes 421 SW 6th Ave, Ste 1400, Portland, OR 97204, USA Pre-assessment Team: Dr. Jocelyn Drugan, Ocean Outcomes 1 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update Table of Contents Glossary 1. Executive summary 2. Introduction 2.1 Aims/scope 2.2 Constraints 2.3 Unit(s) of Assessment 2.4 Catch data 3. Description of the fishery 3.1 Overview of the fishery 3.3 Principle One: Target species background 3.4 Principle Two: Ecosystem background 3.5 Principle Three: Management system background 4. Evaluation Procedure 4.1 Assessment methodologies used 4.2 Stakeholders to be consulted 4.3 Harmonisation with any overlapping MSC certified fisheries 5. Traceability (issues relevant to Chain of Custody certification) 5.1 Eligibility of fishery products to enter further Chains of Custody 6. Preliminary evaluation of the fishery 6.1 Applicability of the default assessment tree 6.1.1 Expectations regarding use of the Risk-Based Framework (RBF) 6.2 Evaluation of the fishery 6.3 Summary of likely PI scoring levels 7. Gap analysis References 2 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update Glossary B, B Biomass, biomass at maximum sustainable yield ​MSY EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ETP Endangered,Threatened or Protected F, F Fishing rate/catching rate, fishing rate at maximum sustainable yield ​MSY FAO Food and Agriculture Organization [of the United Nations] FCR Fisheries Certification Requirements [for MSC] FIP Fishery Improvement Project GRT Gross register tons, one hundred cubic feet per ton IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JFA Japan Fisheries Agency LRP limit reference point MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries mt metric tons MSC Marine Stewardship Council MSY Maximum sustainable yield NGO Non-Governmental Organization PA Pre-assessment PI performance indicator RBF Risk Based Framework SSB, SSB Spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass at maximum sustainable yield ​MSY TAC Total Allowable Catch TRP target reference point UoA Unit of Assessment 3 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update 1. Executive summary This report is essentially an updated version of the 2012 MSC pre-assessment (PA) conducted on the Nachi-Katsuura Tuna Longline (Haenawa) Fishery. We used recent, publicly available information on stock status, bycatch species, and management to re-describe and re-evaluate potential MSC scoring ranges for the fishery. Main strengths of the fishery are that the targeted North Pacific albacore stock does not yet appear overfished, and RFMO management collects data and coordinates management across all of the countries that harvest the stock. One weakness is the lack of well defined harvest control rules, which will help ensure reduction of exploitation rate as the stock approaches limit reference points. Additionally, longline fisheries may catch species with overfished or depleted stock status, such as Pacific bluefin tuna, Western and Central Pacific bigeye tuna, and various shark species. Fishery impacts on depleted stocks will need to be considered in Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) or full assessment. 2. Introduction 2.1 Aims/scope This report provides an updated assessment and gap analysis of the MSC Pre-assessment of the Nachi-Katsuura Tuna Longline (Haenawa) Fishery, published by SCS Global Services in ​ ​ 2012. In particular, there is now improved information on the stock status of relevant tuna species. This report does not attempt to duplicate a full assessment against the MSC standard. 2.2 Constraints We did not have a specific fishery client to consult for this analysis and relied on publicly posted information to develop this assessment. 2.3 Unit(s) of Assessment Species: Binnaga or albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) ​ ​ Geographical Area: Western and Central Pacific. The main fishing areas are the coastal and offshore waters of Japan, which are traditionally divided into four fishing zones: Nihon-kinkai (waters adjacent to Japan; between latitudes N 25°and 32°and longitudes E 133°and 140°), Higashi-oki (waters off eastern coast of Japan; between latitudes N 37°and 40°and longitudes E 147°and 150°), Chunan (waters off south-central Japan; between latitudes N 10°and 30°and longitudes E 133°and 160°), and Nanpou (southern equatorial waters; south of latitude N 10°). Nihon-kinkai, 4 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update Higashi-oki, and Chunan are in FAO area 61(Northwest Pacific), while Nanpou is in FAO area 71 (Western Central Pacific). Figure 1. Tuna fishing areas near Japan used by 19 GRT longline vessels. Nihon-kinkai (waters adjacent to Japan; shown in blue), Higashi-oki (waters off eastern coast of Japan; shown in red), Chunan (waters off south-central Japan; shown in green), and Nanpou (southern equatorial waters; shown in dark yellow). Figure from Watanuki and Vincent 2012. This fishery operates both inside and outside of the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Winter (December through April) is the peak time to catch Pacific bluefin, bigeye, yellowfin, and albacore in the Nihon-kinkai area. Chunan is the largest and most productive area for albacore and yellowfin, which are fished throughout the year. Method of Capture: Tuna longline, operated by 19 GRT (hundreds of cubic feet) vessels. Stocks: There are six albacore tuna stocks assessed and managed worldwide, and this fishery targets the North Pacific Ocean stock. Management System: ● At the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMO) level, relevant management bodies include the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) 5 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update ● At the national level relevant management bodies include the Japan Fisheries Agency (JFA) in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). 2.4 Catch data No TAC (total allowable catch) has been set for North Pacific albacore, either globally or within Japan. Total catches (in metric tons; mt) are shown in the table below. Table 1. Albacore catch data from WCPFC 2015. Year Japan, coastal longline North Pacific, longline North Pacific, total WCPFC, total 2006 16,734 34,270 69,761 104,986 2007 18,409 31,771 94,644 126,701 2008 13,679 28,369 68,255 104,966 2009 18,183 28,802 84,114 135,476 2010 17,224 28,375 68,573 124,898 2011 16,098 35,398 80,074 115,766 2012 17,668 35,968 91,763 143,078 2013 15,110 31,624 87,208 137,567 2014 15,701 29,403 80,673 121,547 2015 12,142 23,948 64,600 113,571 Figure 2. Albacore catches for the Japanese coastal longline fishery (blue) and for the North Pacific stock in total (red). Catch data from WCPFC (2015). The catch trend for Japanese coastal longliners has been stable around 16,000 mt per year, with a gradual decline from 2012 to 2015. Total catches of the North Pacific stock declined by about 2500 mt between 2012 and 2015. 6 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update 3. Description of the fishery 3.1 Overview of the fishery Fishery operations The 2012 SCS Pre-assessment provided a good description of the fishing gear and operations, which is copied below: “Tuna longline used by 19-GRT vessels consists of a main line about 100 km long with 2,000 to 2,200 branch lines, each bearing one hook about 8.5 cm long. Average branch line test is 150kg. The hooks are either of circle or J-type, but mostly J-type, baited with whole sardine, mackerel scad or pacific saury. There are no regulations limiting the number of lines, hook size, or the number of hooks. The gear is set early in the morning at depths of about 150 to 200 meters. Location of sets are recorded in log books. Setting longlines takes three to four hours. Each of the buoys that mark the lines have radio transponders that help locate gear. Longline vessels are encouraged to use tori-poles (bird streamers) to reduce incidental catch of albatross and other seabirds. After the whole line is set, the gear is left to drift for three hours. Hauling takes up to 10 hours and requires a line hauler. In times of high catching ratio or under bad weather conditions, more time is needed to haul-in the lines. Tunas are dispatched soon after they are caught and bled to preserve freshness (this technique is called ikejime). The products are then soaked in seawater and cooled to the freezing point to preserve the freshness. Vessels fishing on the high seas are required to use Automatic Location Communicators (ALC) that transmits vessel locations in real time via satellite.” In 2015, 227 Japanese coastal longliners were in operation, which was the lowest number on record (WCPFC 2015). Longline gear is not especially selective and catches multiple species in addition to tunas, such as billfish and sharks. Because the MSC standard includes shark finning as a factor in the evaluation of harvest strategy, fishery assessors should check whether shark finning takes place. History of management and fishing practices Because tunas are highly migratory species, they are managed by Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) that have multiple member states, including Japan. The RFMOs coordinate stock assessments and make catch recommendations, while member states have the jurisdiction to implement the recommendations. In Japan, harvests are managed through input controls and some output controls, described as follows: ● The number of entrants in the fishery is controlled through the the national fishing license system. 7 oceanoutcomes.org Wakayama longline tuna PA update ● For Pacific bluefin tuna, there are recommended catch limits. Approximately 64,600 mt of albacore was caught in the North Pacific Ocean in 2015, which was a decrease of 20% from the previous year’s catch of 80,673 mt (WCPFC 2015).
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