Avian Phylogeny and Divergence Times Based on Mitogenomic
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(Ruru) Nest Box
Helping RURU with W I N G S P A N National Bird of Prey Centre There are lots of ways to help our native morepork owl or ruru but one of the best ways is to put up a ruru nest box. Wingspan has developed the following design which has proven effective both out in the wild and in captivity, to attract ruru when looking to nest, providing a safe environment for them to do so. Although ruru can and do nest in tree cavities and epiphytes, they sometimes choose to nest on the ground often somewhere as simple as under tree fern fronds or logs. With many introduced pest species predating on ground nesting birds, this puts them at great risk. A simple solution, to encourage them back up into the trees if there are no hollows around, is to construct and pop up a nest box. The following pages illustrate how you can construct a simple yet effective nest box to help out our native ruru. A sex bias towards male ruru recorded in one study suggests that females may be vulnerable to predation when incubating and brooding. A nest box can help reduce the risk of predation on this species. ASSEMBLED NEST BOX 300mm 260mm ENTRY PERCH < ATTACHED HERE 260mm 580mm Helping RURU with W I N G S P A N National Bird of Prey Centre MATERIALS: + 12mm tanalised plywood + Galvanised screws 30mm (x39) Galvanised screws 20mm (x2 for access panel) DIMENSIONS: Top: 300 x 650mm Front: 245 x 580mm Back: 350 x 580mm Base: 260 x 580mm Ends: 260 x 260 x 300mm Door: 150 x 150mm Entrance & Access Holes: 100mm + + + TOP + 300x650mm + + + + + + + + BACK 350x580mm + + + + ACCESS + + FRONT + HOLE + 100x100 ENTRANCE 245x580mm HOLE END 100x100 END 260x260x300mm 260x260x300mm + + + + + + + + + + + ACCESS COVER 150x150mm + BASE + 260x580mm + + + + + Helping RURU with W I N G S P A N National Bird of Prey Centre INSTRUCTIONS FOR RURU NEST BOX ASSEMBLY: Screw front and back onto inside edge of base (4 screws along each edge using pre-drilled holes). -
1931-15701-1-LE Maquetación 1
AMEGHINIANA 50 (6) Suplemento 2013–RESÚMENES REUNIÓN DE COMUNICACIONES DE LA ASOCIACIÓN PALEONTOLÓGICA ARGENTINA 20 a 22 de Noviembre de 2013 Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina INSTITUCIÓN ORGANIZADORA AUSPICIAN AMEGHINIANA 50 (6) Suplemento 2013–RESÚMENES COMISIÓN ORGANIZADORA Claudia Tambussi Emilio Vaccari Andrea Sterren Blanca Toro Diego Balseiro Diego Muñoz Emilia Sferco Ezequiel Montoya Facundo Meroi Federico Degrange Juan José Rustán Karen Halpern María José Salas Sandra Gordillo Santiago Druetta Sol Bayer COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO Dr. Guillermo Albanesi (CICTERRA) Dra. Viviana Barreda (MACN) Dr. Juan Luis Benedetto (CICTERRA) Dra. Noelia Carmona (UNRN) Dra. Gabriela Cisterna (UNLaR) Dr. Germán M. Gasparini (MLP) Dra. Sandra Gordillo (CICTERRA) Dr. Pedro Gutierrez (MACN) Dr. Darío Lazo (UBA) Dr. Ricardo Martinez (UNSJ) Dra. María José Salas (CICTERRA) Dr. Leonardo Salgado (UNRN) Dra. Emilia Sferco (CICTERRA) Dra. Andrea Sterren (CICTERRA) Dra. Claudia P. Tambussi (CICTERRA) Dr. Alfredo Zurita (CECOAL) AMEGHINIANA 50 (6) Suplemento 2013–RESÚMENES RESÚMENES CONFERENCIAS EL ANTROPOCENO Y LA HIPÓTESIS DE GAIA ¿NUEVOS DESAFÍOS PARA LA PALEONTOLOGÍA? S. CASADÍO1 1Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Lobo 516, R8332AKN Roca, Río Negro, Argentina. [email protected] La hipótesis de Gaia propone que a partir de unas condiciones iniciales que hicieron posible el inicio de la vida en el planeta, fue la propia vida la que las modificó. Sin embargo, desde el inicio del Antropoceno la humanidad tiene un papel protagónico en dichas modificaciones, e.g. el aumento del CO2 en la atmósfera. Se estima que para fines de este siglo, se alcanzarían concentraciones de CO2 que el planeta no registró en los últimos 30 Ma. La información para comprender como funcionarían los sistemas terrestres con estos niveles de CO2 está contenida en los registros de períodos cálidos y en las grandes transiciones climáticas del pasado geológico. -
Skull Shape Analysis and Diet of South American Fossil Penguins (Sphenisciformes) Claudia Patricia Tambussi & Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche
Skull shape analysis and diet of South American fossil penguins (Sphenisciformes) Claudia Patricia Tambussi & Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche CONICET & Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT – Form and function of the skull of Recent and fossil genera of available Spheniscidae are analysed in order to infer possible dietary behaviors for extinct penguins. Skull shapes were compared using the Resistant-Fit Theta-Rho- Analysis (RFTRA) Procrustean method. Due to the availability and quality of the material, this study was based on six living species belonging to five genera (Spheniscus, Eudyptula, Eudyptes, Pygoscelis, and Aptenodytes) and two Miocene species: Paraptenodytes antarticus (Moreno and Mercerat, 1891) and Madrynornis mirandus Acosta Hospitaleche, Tambussi, Donato & Cozzuol. Seventeen landmark from the skull were chosen, including homologous and geometrical points. Morphologi- cal similarities among RFTRA distances are depicted using the resulting dendrograms for UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average) cluster analysis. This shape analysis allows the assessment of similarities and differences in the skulls and jaws of penguins within a more comprehensive ecomorphological and phylogenetic framework. Even though penguin diet is not well known, enough data supports the conclusion that Spheniscus + Eudyptes penguins specialize on fish and all other taxa are plankton-feeders or fish and crustacean-feeders. We compared representative species of both ecomor- phological groups with the available fossil material to evaluate their feeding strategies. Penguins are the most abundant birds, indeed the most abundant aquatic tetrapods, in Cenozoic marine sediments of South America. The results arising from this study will be of singular importance in the reconstruction of those marine ecosystems. -
Bayesian Total Evidence Dating Reveals the Recent Crown Radiation of Penguins
Supporting Information Bayesian total evidence dating reveals the recent crown radiation of penguins Contents 1 Methods 1 1.1 Prior distributions for parameters..........................1 1.2 Data..........................................2 1.3 Fossil ages.......................................2 1.4 Validation.......................................8 2 Results 8 2.1 Divergence dates...................................8 2.2 Sensitivity to the choice of prior distributions for the net diversification rate.. 11 1 Methods 1.1 Prior distributions for parameters We used the following prior distributions for the parameters in all analyses except for the sensitivity analyses. For the net diversification rate, d, we place a log-normal prior distribution with parameters1 M = −3:5 and S2 = 1:5. The 2.5% and 97.5% quantiles of this distribution are 1:6 · 10−3 and 0:57 implying that it well covers the interval (with the lowest 5% quantile of 0.02 and the largest 95% quantile of 0.15) estimated in [1] Figure 1. We place a Uniform(0,1) prior distribution for the turnover, ν, and Uniform(0,1) prior distri- bution for the fossil sampling proportion, s. For birth, death and sampling rates (λ, µ, and ) we used log-normal distributions with pa- rameters1 M = −2:5 and S2 = 1:5 and 2.5% and 97.5% quantiles of 4:34 · 10−3 and 1:55. For the time of origin, tor, we use the Uniform prior distribution between the oldest sample and 160 Ma because Jetz et al. estimated the upper bound for the MRCA of all birds to be 1Parameters M and S for log-normal distributions here are the mean and standard deviation of the associated normal distributions 1 150 Ma ([1] Figure 1) and Lee et al. -