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TAXON:Majidea Zanguebarica J. Kirk Ex Oliv. SCORE:2.0 RATING:Evaluate TAXON: Majidea zanguebarica J. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate Kirk ex Oliv. Taxon: Majidea zanguebarica J. Kirk ex Oliv. Family: Sapindaceae Common Name(s): black pearl tree Synonym(s): Majidea zanguebarica subsp. zanguebarica mgambo tree velvet seed tree Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 15 Nov 2018 WRA Score: 2.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Tropical Tree, Naturalized, Monoecious, Self-Fertile, Animal-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 15 Nov 2018 (Majidea zanguebarica J. Page 1 of 14 Kirk ex Oliv.) TAXON: Majidea zanguebarica J. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate Kirk ex Oliv. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 15 Nov 2018 (Majidea zanguebarica J. Page 2 of 14 Kirk ex Oliv.) TAXON: Majidea zanguebarica J. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate Kirk ex Oliv. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes This species has not been cultivated over sufficient generations to WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication distinguish it from wild varieties 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes Davies, F. G. & Verdcourt, B. (1998). Flora of Tropical East "DISTR. ... Madagascar; cultivated in Nairobi Arboretum, also in Africa - Sapindaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Rodrigues, India (Assam), Sri Lanka, Singapore and Hawaii" Netherlands 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes Davies, F. G. & Verdcourt, B. (1998). Flora of Tropical East "Madagascar; cultivated in Nairobi Arboretum, also in Rodrigues, Africa - Sapindaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, India (Assam), Sri Lanka, Singapore and Hawaii" Netherlands 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes Dave's Garden. (2018). Majidea Species, Black Pearl, Pearl "Hardiness: of Zanzibar. Majidea zanguebarica. USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/176960/. USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) [Accessed 14 Nov 2018] USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" Creation Date: 15 Nov 2018 (Majidea zanguebarica J. Page 3 of 14 Kirk ex Oliv.) TAXON: Majidea zanguebarica J. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate Kirk ex Oliv. Qsn # Question Answer "Range Madagascar; cultivated in Nairobi Arboretum, also in Rodrigues, India (Assam), Sri Lanka, Singapore and Hawaii ... KENYA Kilifi District: Marafa, 19 Nov. 1961, Polhill & Paulo 803! Kwale District: Diani Forest, ϭϭʹϭϯJuly 1972, Gillett & Kibuwa 19874! Lamu Davies, F. G. & Verdcourt, B. (1998). Flora of Tropical East District: Witu, Mambosasa Forest Station, 29 Jan. 1958, Verdcourt Africa - Sapindaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 2128! TANZANIA Pangani District: Bushiri, 30 Nov. 1950, Faulkner Netherlands 715! Tanga District: near Moa, Mtotohovu, 10 Sept. 1951, Greenway 8708! Uzaramo District: Dar es Salaam, Yacht Club, 4 Jan. 1970, B.J. Harris 3806! Zanzibar: , Pangajuu Cave-well, 10 June 1930, Vaughan 1340" [Based on available distribution data, species appears to be confined to lowland tropics] Llamas, K.A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants. Timber Press, "Tropical Africa, Madagascar, possibly Zanzibar. Semideciduous tree, Portland, OR 35-60 ft.; zones 10-11." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Davies, F. G. & Verdcourt, B. (1998). Flora of Tropical East "Madagascar; cultivated in Nairobi Arboretum, also in Rodrigues, Africa - Sapindaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, India (Assam), Sri Lanka, Singapore and Hawaii" Netherlands "Mgambo, or velvet-seed, is a small, fast-growing tree that is Parker, J.L. & Parsons, B. (2012). New plant records from cultivated sparingly on the Big Island for its attractive black, velvety the Big Island for 2009. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers seeds. This specimen was naturalizing in the Kealakehe area, near 113: ϱϱʹϲϯ Kailua-Kona. Several seedlings and saplings, many flowering, were sprouting up near a large, fruiting cultivated tree." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "A large majidea growing at Foster Botanical Garden appears to have Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora been the source of seeds planted in several places around O'ahu. It is - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other also reported to be grown on the Big Is land. Majidea is said to have Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI been introduced from Sri Lanka by Loy Marks in the early 1960s." Davies, F. G. & Verdcourt, B. (1998). Flora of Tropical East "cultivated in Nairobi Arboretum, also in Rodrigues, India (Assam), Africa - Sapindaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Hawaii" Netherlands 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes Broome, R, Sabir, K, & Carrington, S. (2007) Plants of the "Majidea zanguebarica ͙Found in the Lesser Antilles in Barbados, Eastern Caribbean. St. Vincent Status: Introduced" [Introduced, but not reported as http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html. [Accessed 14 naturalized] Nov 2018] Creation Date: 15 Nov 2018 (Majidea zanguebarica J. Page 4 of 14 Kirk ex Oliv.) TAXON: Majidea zanguebarica J. SCORE: 2.0 RATING: Evaluate Kirk ex Oliv. Qsn # Question Answer "Mgambo, or velvet-seed, is a small, fast-growing tree that is cultivated sparingly on the Big Island for its attractive black, velvety seeds. This specimen was naturalizing in the Kealakehe area, near Kailua-Kona. Several seedlings and saplings, many flowering, were Parker, J.L. & Parsons, B. (2012). New plant records from sprouting up near a large, fruiting cultivated tree. Material the Big Island for 2009. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers examined. HAWAI͚I: North Kona distr. Kealakehe, 2178898N, 113: ϱϱʹϲϯ 187120E. Naturalized specimen found growing near large cultivated tree with many other keiki across a fence. This flowering specimen was approximately 4 ft tall, 6 Aug 2009, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED95." 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes "This specimen was naturalizing in the Kealakehe area, near Kailua- Parker, J.L. & Parsons, B. (2012). New plant records from Kona. Several seedlings and saplings, many flowering, were the Big Island for 2009.
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