DOCSLIB.ORG

The Long-Legged Fly Free

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Long-Legged Fly Free FREE THE LONG-LEGGED FLY PDF James Sallis | 192 pages | 26 May 2012 | Oldcastle Books Ltd | 9781842436967 | English | Harpenden, United Kingdom The Long-Legged Fly - Soho Press Dolichopodidaethe long-legged fliesare a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 7, described species in about genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some species. Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species. Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators. An expanded The Long-Legged Fly of the family Dolichopodidae sensu lato includes the subfamilies Parathalassiinae and Microphorinae. The latter of these was formerly placed in the Empididaeand was at one time considered a separate family Microphoridae. For clarification of technical terms see Morphology of Diptera. Dolichopodidae are a family of flies ranging in size from minute to medium-sized 1mm to 9mm. They have characteristically long and slender legs, though their leg length is not as striking as in families such as the Tipulidae. The Long-Legged Fly posture often is stilt-like standing high on their legs, with the body almost erect. In colour most species have a green-to-blue metallic lustre, but various other species are dull yellow, brown or black. The frons in both sexes is broad. The eyes are separated on the frons of males, except in some species of Diaphorus and Chrysotus in which eyes touch above the antennal insertion. The face of some species The Long- Legged Fly entire; in others it is divided into two sections: the epistoma and the clypeus. The largest antennal segment is the third; in most species it bears a long arista, which is apical in some species, dorsal in others. In most species the mouthparts are short and have a wide aperture as an adaptation for sucking small prey. The legs are gracile and the tibiae usually bear long bristles. In some genera the legs are raptorial. In some species the tibiae of the males have modifications. The wings of most The Long-Legged Fly are clear or tinged, but some species have wings that are patterned in strong colours or with distinct spots. The anterior cross-vein is in the basal part of the wing. The posterior The Long- Legged Fly wing cell and the discoidal wing cell are always fused. The anal cell of the wing is always small. There are two veins branching from cross-vein DM-Cu in the direction of the The Long-Legged Fly margin; the upper one in some species curves strongly or forks into M 1 and M 2. The point of origin of R s is at or very close to h. The abdomen is elongate-conical or flat. The genitalia of the male often are free and borne on a petiole, The Long-Legged Fly tergite 8 being The Long-Legged Fly, lying on the left side of the epandrium. The gonopods may fuse with The Long-Legged Fly epandrium in genera such as HydrophorusThrypticus and Argyraor there may be a suture, as in the genera PorphyropsXiphandrium and Rhaphium. In some genera, such as Hypophyllus and Tachytrechusthe surstyli are well-developed as secondary outgrowths of the epandrium. In genera such as Tachytrechusthere are two pairs of surstyli—one proximal and one distal. The hypandrium in most species is a small sclerite, which may be asymmetrical as in the genera Porphyrops and Tachytrechus. Males of many species have highly developed cerci. Development of the phallus varies considerably between genera. Adults of the Dolichopodidae live largely in grassy places and shrubbery. The flies occur in a wide range of habitats, near water or in meadows, woodland edges and in gardens. Some groups are confined to wet places including sands on the banks of water bodies; examples include genera such as PorphyropsTachytrechusCampsicnemusand Teuchophorus. No truly aquatic species The Long-Legged Fly been described, but many are semi-aquatic and live in or near water margins. A small number of species develop on the shores of saline inland bodies of water or the intertidal zone of seashores. An example of a species that develop close to water is P. Other groups are found on trunks of trees damaged by bark beetles. Adults often are seen in a characteristic predatory posture standing high on their legs on the ground or on The Long-Legged Fly, tree trunks or rocks, and some species walk about on the surface of still The Long-Legged Fly. The adults are predators, feeding on small The Long-Legged Fly including Collembolaaphidsand the larvae of Oligochaeta. Species of the genus Dolichopus commonly prey on The Long-Legged Fly larvae of mosquitoes. The larvae occupy a wide range of habitats. Many are predators of small invertebrates and generally live in moist environments The Long-Legged Fly as soil, moist sand, or rotting organic The Long-Legged Fly. Genera such as Medetera live as predators under tree bark or in the tunnels of bark beetles. Larvae of the genus Thrypticus are unusual among Dolichopodidae, in that they are phytophagous and live in the stems of reeds and other monocots near water. Many studies have shown that Dolichopodidae give visual, rather than chemical or other signals during courtship. These characters include flaglike flattening of the arista and tarsi, strongly modified setae and projections of the tarsi, the prolongation and deformation of podomeres, orientated silvery pruinosity, and maculation or modification of the wings. Dolichopodids are well represented in amber deposits throughout the world and the group has clearly been well distributed since the Cretaceous at the latest. Together with the Empididae they are the most advanced members of the Empidoidea. They represent the bulk of Empidoidea diversity, and include more than two-thirds of the known species in their superfamily. Taxonomic interrelationships within the Dolichopodidae, and their delimitation from the Empididae, are not yet satisfactorily resolved. It is likely that many of the subfamilies currently within the The Long-Legged Fly will undergo drastic revision. Based on the most The Long-Legged Fly phylogenetic studies, the relationship between Dolichopodidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Dolichopodidae is emphasized in bold formatting. List of dolichopodid genera. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Play media. World Catalog of Dolichopodidae Insecta: Diptera. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press. Scepastopyga gen. Entomologica Scandinavica. Far Eastern Entomologist. Retrieved 20 December Priamus Supplement 24 : 1— Systematic Entomology. Zimmer et al. Extant Diptera families. Suborder Nematocera. Dixidae meniscus midges Corethrellidae frog-biting midges Chaoboridae phantom midges Culicidae mosquitoes. Thaumaleidae solitary midges Simuliidae black flies Ceratopogonidae biting midges Chironomidae non-biting midges. Blephariceridae net-winged midges Deuterophlebiidae mountain midges Nymphomyiidae. Bibionidae march flies, lovebugs. Anisopodidae wood gnats. The Long-Legged Fly Diadocidiidae Ditomyiidae Keroplatidae Mycetophilidae Sciaridae dark-winged fungus gnats Cecidomyiidae gall midges. Canthyloscelidae Perissommatidae Scatopsidae minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges. Psychodidae moth flies. Ptychopteridae phantom crane flies Tanyderidae primitive crane flies. Trichoceridae winter crane flies. Pediciidae hairy-eyed craneflies Tipulidae The Long-Legged Fly flies. Suborder Brachycera. Apioceridae flower- loving flies Apsilocephalidae The Long-Legged Fly Asilidae robber flies Bombyliidae bee flies Evocoidae Hilarimorphidae hilarimorphid flies Mydidae mydas flies Mythicomyiidae Scenopinidae window flies Therevidae stiletto flies. Atelestidae Dolichopodidae long-legged flies Empididae dagger flies, balloon flies Homalocnemiidae Hybotidae dance flies Oreogetonidae Ragadidae. Acroceridae small-headed flies Nemestrinidae tangle-veined flies. Ironomyiidae ironic flies Lonchopteridae spear-winged flies Opetiidae flat-footed flies Phoridae scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies Platypezidae flat-footed flies. Pipunculidae big-headed flies Syrphidae hoverflies. Conopidae thick-headed flies. Pallopteridae flutter flies Piophilidae cheese flies Platystomatidae signal flies Pyrgotidae Richardiidae Tephritidae peacock flies Ulidiidae picture-winged flies. Cypselosomatidae Micropezidae stilt-legged flies Neriidae cactus flies, banana stalk flies. Coelopidae kelp flies Dryomyzidae Helcomyzidae Helosciomyzidae Heterocheilidae Huttoninidae Natalimyzidae Phaeomyiidae Ropalomeridae Sciomyzidae marsh flies The Long-Legged Fly black scavenger flies. Chyromyidae Heleomyzidae Nannodastiidae Sphaeroceridae small dung flies. Celyphidae beetle-backed flies Chamaemyiidae aphid flies Cremifaniidae Lauxaniidae. Agromyzidae leaf miner flies Anthomyzidae Asteiidae Aulacigastridae sap flies Clusiidae lekking, or druid flies Fergusoninidae Marginidae Neminidae Neurochaetidae upside-down flies Odiniidae Opomyzidae Periscelididae Teratomyzidae Xenasteiidae. Camillidae Curtonotidae quasimodo flies Diastatidae bog flies Drosophilidae vinegar and fruit flies Ephydridae shore flies. Acartophthalmidae Australimyzidae Braulidae bee lice Canacidae beach flies Carnidae Chloropidae frit flies Inbiomyiidae Milichiidae freeloader flies. Cryptochetidae Lonchaeidae lance flies. The Long-Legged
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diptera, Empidoidea) of Switzerland
    The Atelestidae and Microphoridae (Diptera, Empidoidea) of Switzerland Autor(en): Merz, Bernhard Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse = Journal of the Swiss Entomological Society Band (Jahr): 71 (1998) Heft 1-2 PDF erstellt am: 28.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-402695 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch MITTEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ENTOMOLOGIQUE SUISSE 71,27-31, 1998 The Atelestidae and Microphoridae (Diptera, Empidoidea) of Switzerland Bernhard Merz Entomological Collection, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland The inconspicuous flies of the families Atelestidae and Microphoridae are only rarely collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Empidoidea) 263 Doi: 10.3897/Zookeys.365.6070 Research Article Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 365: 263–278 (2013) DNA barcoding of Hybotidae (Diptera, Empidoidea) 263 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.365.6070 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Using DNA barcodes for assessing diversity in the family Hybotidae (Diptera, Empidoidea) Zoltán T. Nagy1, Gontran Sonet1, Jonas Mortelmans2, Camille Vandewynkel3, Patrick Grootaert2 1 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (JEMU), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium 2 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (Ento- mology), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium 3 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’eau et environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Albert Thomas, 23, 87060 Limoges, France Corresponding author: Zoltán T. Nagy ([email protected]) Academic editor: K. Jordaens | Received 7 August 2013 | Accepted 27 November 2013 | Published 30 December 2013 Citation: Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Mortelmans J, Vandewynkel C, Grootaert P (2013) Using DNA barcodes for assessing diversity in the family Hybotidae (Diptera, Empidoidea). In: Nagy ZT, Backeljau T, De Meyer M, Jordaens K (Eds) DNA barcoding: a practical tool for fundamental and applied biodiversity research. ZooKeys 365: 263–278. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.365.6070 Abstract Empidoidea is one of the largest extant lineages of flies, but phylogenetic relationships among species of this group are poorly investigated and global diversity remains scarcely assessed. In this context, one of the most enigmatic empidoid families is Hybotidae. Within the framework of a pilot study, we barcoded 339 specimens of Old World hybotids belonging to 164 species and 22 genera (plus two Empis as outgroups) and attempted to evaluate whether patterns of intra- and interspecific divergences match the current tax- onomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Burmese Amber Taxa
    Burmese (Myanmar) amber taxa, on-line supplement v.2021.1 Andrew J. Ross 21/06/2021 Principal Curator of Palaeobiology Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland Chambers St. Edinburgh EH1 1JF E-mail: [email protected] Dr Andrew Ross | National Museums Scotland (nms.ac.uk) This taxonomic list is a supplement to Ross (2021) and follows the same format. It includes taxa described or recorded from the beginning of January 2021 up to the end of May 2021, plus 3 species that were named in 2020 which were missed. Please note that only higher taxa that include new taxa or changed/corrected records are listed below. The list is until the end of May, however some papers published in June are listed in the ‘in press’ section at the end, but taxa from these are not yet included in the checklist. As per the previous on-line checklists, in the bibliography page numbers have been added (in blue) to those papers that were published on-line previously without page numbers. New additions or changes to the previously published list and supplements are marked in blue, corrections are marked in red. In Ross (2021) new species of spider from Wunderlich & Müller (2020) were listed as being authored by both authors because there was no indication next to the new name to indicate otherwise, however in the introduction it was indicated that the author of the new taxa was Wunderlich only. Where there have been subsequent taxonomic changes to any of these species the authorship has been corrected below.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects and Molluscs, According to the Procedures Outlined Below
    Bush Blitz – ACT Expedition 26 Nov – 6 Dec 2018 ACT Expedition Bush Blitz Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Terrestrial molluscs 26 Nov – 6 Dec 2018 Submitted: 5 April 2019 Debbie Jennings and Olivia Evangelista Nomenclature and taxonomy used in this report is consistent with: The Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home Page 1 of 43 Bush Blitz – ACT Expedition 26 Nov – 6 Dec 2018 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................. 2 List of contributors ................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2. Methods .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Site selection ............................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Survey techniques ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Methods used at standard survey sites ................................................................... 7 2.3 Identifying
    [Show full text]
  • 1 U of Ill Urbana-Champaign PEET
    U of Ill Urbana-Champaign PEET: A World Monograph of the Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera) Participant Individuals: CoPrincipal Investigator(s) : David K Yeates; Brian M Wiegmann Senior personnel(s) : Donald Webb; Gail E Kampmeier Post-doc(s) : Kevin C Holston Graduate student(s) : Martin Hauser Post-doc(s) : Mark A Metz Undergraduate student(s) : Amanda Buck; Melissa Calvillo Other -- specify(s) : Kristin Algmin Graduate student(s) : Hilary Hill Post-doc(s) : Shaun L Winterton Technician, programmer(s) : Brian Cassel Other -- specify(s) : Jeffrey Thorne Post-doc(s) : Christine Lambkin Other -- specify(s) : Ann C Rast Senior personnel(s) : Steve Gaimari Other -- specify(s) : Beryl Reid Technician, programmer(s) : Joanna Hamilton Undergraduate student(s) : Claire Montgomery; Heather Lanford High school student(s) : Kate Marlin Undergraduate student(s) : Dmitri Svistula Other -- specify(s) : Bradley Metz; Erica Leslie Technician, programmer(s) : Jacqueline Recsei; J. Marie Metz Other -- specify(s) : Malcolm Fyfe; David Ferguson; Jennifer Campbell; Scott Fernsler Undergraduate student(s) : Sarah Mathey; Rebekah Kunkel; Henry Patton; Emilia Schroer Technician, programmer(s) : Graham Teakle Undergraduate student(s) : David Carlisle; Klara Kim High school student(s) : Sara Sligar Undergraduate student(s) : Emmalyn Gennis Other -- specify(s) : Iris R Vargas; Nicholas P Henry Partner Organizations: Illinois Natural History Survey: Financial Support; Facilities; Collaborative Research Schlinger Foundation: Financial Support; In-kind Support; Collaborative Research 1 The Schlinger Foundation has been a strong and continuing partner of the therevid PEET project, providing funds for personnel (students, scientific illustrator, data loggers, curatorial assistant) and expeditions, including the purchase of supplies, to gather unknown and important taxa from targeted areas around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Diopsoidea
    Chapter 2 Diopsoidea DiopsoideaTeaching material only, not intended for wider circulation. [email protected] 2:37 Diptera: Acalyptrates DIOPSOI D EA 50: Tanypezidae 53 ------ Base of tarsomere 1 of hind tarsus very slightly projecting ventrally; male with small stout black setae on hind trochanter and posterior base of hind femur. Postocellar bristles strong, at least half as long as upper orbital seta; one dorsocentral and three orbital setae present Tanypeza ----------------------------------------- 55 2 spp.; Maine to Alberta and Georgia; Steyskal 1965 ---------- Base of tarsomere 1 of hind tarsus strongly projecting ventrally, about twice as deep as remainder of tarsomere 1 (Fig. 3); male without special setae on hind trochanter and hind femur. Postocellar bristles weak, less than half as long as upper orbital bristle; one to three dor socentral and zero to two orbital bristles present non-British ------------------------------------------ 54 54 ------ Only one orbital bristle present, situated at top of head; one dorsocentral bristle present --------------------- Scipopeza Enderlein Neotropical ---------- Two or three each of orbital and dorsocentral bristles present ---------------------Neotanypeza Hendel Neotropical Tanypeza Fallén, 1820 One species 55 ------ A black species with a silvery patch on the vertex and each side of front of frons. Tho- rax with notopleural depression silvery and pleurae with silvery patches. Palpi black, prominent and flat. Ocellar bristles small; two pairs of fronto orbital bristles; only one (outer) pair of vertical bristles. Frons slightly narrower in the male than in the female, but not with eyes almost touching). Four scutellar, no sternopleural, two postalar and one supra-alar bristles; (the anterior supra-alar bristle not present). Wings with upcurved discal cell (11) as in members of the Micropezidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
    Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Succession Pattern of Carrion-Feeding Insects in Paramo, Colombia
    Forensic Science International 166 (2007) 182–189 www.elsevier.com/locate/forsciint Succession pattern of carrion-feeding insects in Paramo, Colombia Efrain Martinez, Patricia Duque, Marta Wolff * Grupo interdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares (GIEM). Universidad de Antioquia. AA, 1226 Medellı´n, Colombia Received 8 April 2004; accepted 10 May 2006 Available online 21 June 2006 Abstract The minimum postmortem interval can be estimated based on knowledge of the pattern of insect succession on a corpse. To use this approach requires that we take into account the rates of insect development associated with particular climatological conditions of the region. This study is the first to look at insect succession on decomposing carcasses in the high altitude plains (Paramo) in Colombia, at 3035 m above sea level. Five stages of decomposition were designated with indicator species identified for each stage: Callı´phora nigribasis at the fresh stage; Compsomyiops verena at the bloated stage; Compsomyiops boliviana during active decay; Stearibia nigriceps and Hydrotaea sp. during advanced decay and Leptocera sp. for dry remains. A succession table is presented for carrion-associated species of the region, which can be used for estimating time since death in similar areas. Compsomyiops boliviana is reported for the first time in Colombia. # 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Forensic entomology; Paramo; Insect succession; Neotropics 1. Introduction change drastically over short distances. In any study of this type we would expect to find a similar process of insects being Forensic entomology is a frequently used tool to estimate the involved in the recycling of cadavers, but the occurrence of the time interval between death and the discovery of the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa 414: 1–15 (2004) ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) ZOOTAXA 414 Copyright © 2004 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)
    Zootaxa 414: 1–15 (2004) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 414 Copyright © 2004 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Acraspisoides gen. nov. (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae): a new genus of stiletto-flies from Australia HILARY N. HILL & SHAUN L. WINTERTON Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. 27695, U.S.A. [email protected] Abstract A new Australian genus of Therevidae, Acraspisoides gen. nov., comprising a single species (A. helviarta sp. nov.) is described and illustrated. This new genus is placed within the subfamily Agapophytinae based on the presence of velutum patches on the fore and hind femora. Acrasp- isoides is easily separated from other agapophytine genera by the combination of characters: large ventral lobe on aedeagus, multiple rows of postocular setae in both sexes, antennae positioned low on frons, and wing cell m3 closed. Cladistic analyses using all genera of Agapophytinae (including Acraspisoides) based on adult morphological characters and sequence data of the protein-encoding gene, elongation factor-1α (EF-1α), were performed to determine the phylogenetic placement of Acraspisoides gen. nov. in the subfamily. Analysis of the combined morphological and molecular matrices produced two most parsimonious trees, placing Acraspisoides gen. nov. as the most basal genus of Agapophytinae. Key words: Diptera, Asiloidea, Therevidae, Agapophytinae, Acraspisoides, taxonomy, phyloge- netic, EF-1α, Australia Introduction Stiletto-flies (Diptera: Therevidae) are of virtually worldwide distribution, occurring in all geographical regions with the exception of Antarctica (Irwin & Lyneborg 1989). Therev- ids occur in a multitude of habitats including rainforests, coastal dunes, and deserts, with greatest diversity apparent in arid environments where the sandy, friable soils provide a suitable habitat for the soil-dwelling larvae (Irwin 1976; Winterton et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera; Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae)
    Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera; Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae) GEIR E. E. SBLI Snli, G. E. E. 1994. Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera: Diadocidi- idae and Mycetophilidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B 41: 1-12. During a study of terrestrial invertebrates in Jostedalen in 1988, more than 3.000 specimens of fungus gnats were caught. 214 species were recognized, belonging to the families Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae. The number of species in Jostedalen is exceptionally high when compared to number of species recorded from other local areas in Europe. The genus Drepanocercus (Vockeroth, 1980) is recorded for the first time from the Palaearctic region. Other rare species are Mycomya simulans Vaisanen, 1984, Acnemia falcata Zaitzev, 1982, Zygom.via pseudohumeralis Caspers, 1980, Anatella aquila Zaitsev, 1989. A. fungina Plassmann, 1984, Exechia subfrigida Las- tovka & Matila, 1974. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis Chandler. 1977 and E. pseudopul- chella (Lundstrom, 1909). Twenty species could not be identified, half of which undoubtly represent undescribed species. The fauna of Norwegian fungus gnats is poorly documented, and most species recorded here are new to Norway. According to the present knowledge on the distribution of fungus gnats, the fauna in Jostedalen seems to have an affinity to the central/eastern Palaearctic fauna, and has more species in common with the Finnish fauna than with the British. Geir E. E. Snli, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Musiplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. INTRODUCTION The river Jostedola has its origin in the gla- dae, Sciardae and Mycetophilidae. Fungus cier Jostedalsbreen, the largest ice cap on the gnats are distributed all over the world, but European mainland, and runs through the their taxonomy, biology and biogeography valley Jostedalen.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Flies) Benjamin Kongyeli Badii
    Chapter Phylogeny and Functional Morphology of Diptera (Flies) Benjamin Kongyeli Badii Abstract The order Diptera includes all true flies. Members of this order are the most ecologically diverse and probably have a greater economic impact on humans than any other group of insects. The application of explicit methods of phylogenetic and morphological analysis has revealed weaknesses in the traditional classification of dipteran insects, but little progress has been made to achieve a robust, stable clas- sification that reflects evolutionary relationships and morphological adaptations for a more precise understanding of their developmental biology and behavioral ecol- ogy. The current status of Diptera phylogenetics is reviewed in this chapter. Also, key aspects of the morphology of the different life stages of the flies, particularly characters useful for taxonomic purposes and for an understanding of the group’s biology have been described with an emphasis on newer contributions and progress in understanding this important group of insects. Keywords: Tephritoidea, Diptera flies, Nematocera, Brachycera metamorphosis, larva 1. Introduction Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a taxonomic group of organisms. Phylogeny is essential in understanding the biodiversity, genetics, evolution, and ecology among groups of organisms [1, 2]. Functional morphology involves the study of the relationships between the structure of an organism and the function of the various parts of an organism. The old adage “form follows function” is a guiding principle of functional morphology. It helps in understanding the ways in which body structures can be used to produce a wide variety of different behaviors, including moving, feeding, fighting, and reproducing. It thus, integrates concepts from physiology, evolution, anatomy and development, and synthesizes the diverse ways that biological and physical factors interact in the lives of organisms [3].
    [Show full text]