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Premna Species: a Review

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Premna Species: a Review J. Biol. Chem. Chron. 2015, 1(1), 55-59 ISSN (Print): 2454 – 7468 ISSN (Online): 2454 - 7476 www.eresearchco/jbcc/ Premna Species: A Review Atul Kabra1*, Ruchika Kabra1 and Uttam Singh Baghel2 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh) INDIA 2 Department of Pharmacy, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar (Punjab) INDIA * Correspondance: E-mail: [email protected] (Received 12 May, 2015; Accepted 10 July, 2015; Published 17 July, 2015) ABSTRACT: Millions of people all over the world are using herbal medicines from thousands of years, due to their great interest in traditional medicines. They belief that herbal medicines might be effective in the treatment of cer- tain diseases(Calixto, 2000).The genus Premna contains 200 species under the family Verbenaceaeall over the world and out of that approximately 30 species are present in India. The Premna genus can be used traditionally in treat- ing various ailments like rheumatism, asthma, dropsy, cough, fever, boils and scrofulous disease’s.The different parts of the plant like leaves, stem, stem barks, root, root barks and wood have been used for extraction purpose. The chemical constituents or secondary metabolites found are mainly alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavanoids and amino acids. The Pharmacological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti- hyperlipidemic and immuno-modulatory are mainly reported during in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Keywords: Premna; Verbenaceae; anti-inflammatory; Diuretics and anti-microbial. INTRODUCTION: Man and animals depends direct- longing to the family Verbenaceae was established by ly or indirectly on the plants for their existence. Our Linnaeus (1771) based on P. serratifolia. The genus environment is characterized by richly diversified now contains about 200 species worldwide which are plant life and the plant diversity is composed of more mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, than 5, 00,000 botanical species. The green algae and Africa, Australia and the Pacific Island(Harley et duckweed on the surface of some ponds, the lichens, al.,2004).A preliminary study of the genus in Thialand fungi, mosses, ferns, conifers and the flowering plants was first undertaken by Fletcher (1938), enumerating are representatives of plant diversity. 30 species. Later, Moldenke (1980), The Forest Her- barium (2001) and Govaerts et al., (2008) reported the Worldwide, drugs derived from various sources con- checklists of Premna with 39, 19 and 33 taxa, respec- tinue to be significant way for treatment and preven- tively. About 35 species occur in India. tion of diseases. Wild plants have enormous endemic, cultural and aesthetic importance and provide food, TAXONOMICAL/SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICA- medicine, fuel, clothing and shelter to majority of TION: people. Worldwide interest in adopting and studying traditional systems and exploring their potential based Domain: Eukaryota. on different health care systems are emerging .In this Kingdom: Plante. regard one of these heritages is species belonging to Subkingdom: Tracheobionta. Premna genus and family Verbenaceae. The Premna Phylum: Tracheophyta species can be used in treating varies ailments like Subphylum: Euphyllophytina rheumatism, asthma, dropsy, cough, fever, boils and Infraphylum: Radiatopses scrofulous disease. The aim of this review is to high- Class: Magnoliopsida light the pharmacological investigation so far carried Subclass: Lamiidae on the species of Premna genus, so that further re- Superorder: Lamianae search could be carried out on these genus plants. Genus: Premna Family: Verbenaceae PLANT PROFILE: The premna consists of trees, shrubs and rarely herbs and climbers. This genus be- J. Biol. Chem. Chron. 2015, 1(1), 55-59 55 [Premna Species: A Review] TRADITIONAL USES: The Premna genus can be used in treating various ailments like rheumatism, CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: The essential oil of asthma, dropsy, cough, fever, boils and scrofulous Premna latifolia Roxb. was obtained by diseases, etc. (Table1.). hydrodistillation of fresh leaves of the plant having an oil yield of 0.05%, both non-polar and essential oil were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Hexane fraction of Table 1: Traditional uses of Premna species. the leaves of P. latifolia was transesterified and ana- S. Name of the lysed by GC and GC–MS, 40 non-polar components Traditional Uses No. plant were identified comprising 89.3%. The most abundant Diuretic, dropsy, fever, fatty acid constituents were hexadecanoic acid 1. Premna latifolia liver complaints, etc. (25.04%), 8, 11, 14-docosatrienoic acid (13.62%), Toothache, stomach ail- octadecanoic acid (6.82%), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid P. herbacea ments, asthma and rheu- 2. (4.19%) and 29 components were investigated in the matism, scorpion and essential oil which comprises 78.1%. The most abun- snake bite. dant oil constituents were 1- octen-3-ol (35.69%), 3. P. divaricata Colds terpendiol II (7.19%), δ-guaiene (7.49%) 2- 4. P. chrysoclada Purgative, eye infection. undecanone (4.80%) and α-pinene (3.27%).The dif- 5. P. mucronata Boils. ferent parts of the Premna species contains the chemi- 6. P. obstusifolia Fevers, stomachic. cal constituents which shows the activities are given Vaginal irrigation, head- 7. P. serratifolia ache, beriberi, eye lotion. in Table 2. 8. P. lispida Buccal infections. 9. P. tomentosa Diuretic, diarrhoea. Table 2: Chemical constituents in Premna species. Plant species Parts used Chemical constituents Activity References Phytol, α-Humulene, Premna Aliqur Rahman et Leaves spathulenol,1-octen-3-l,eugenol, Antibacterial integrifolia al., 2011 phenyl ethyl alcohol Leaves and Flavanoids, proanthocyanidin, Antioxidant and P. microphylla Feng Xu,2011 stem phenolic, β-carotene Antibacterial Leaves and Alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic, P. serratifolia Antimicrobial Singh,2011 roots flavanoids and amino acids Flavanoids, terpenoids, alkaloids P. barbata Leaves Antibacterial Tamta et al.,2011 and polysaccharides Leaves and Phenols,Tannins, terpenoids, Anti- P. esculenta Zobaer et al,2011 roots flavonoids hyperlipidemic Alkaloids, premnine, ganiarine, Stem and Analgesic and Utpal kumar et P. integrifolia ganikarine, Reducingsugars, leaves antibacterial al., 2011 unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkaloids, Reducing sugars, Anti- P. integrifolia Root bark Patel,2011 unsaturated hydrocarbons hyperlipidemic Iridoids, glycosides, alkaloids, P. serratifolia Wood Anti-arthritic Rajendran,2010 phenoliccompounds, flavonoids Stem Iridoids, glycosides, alkaloids, Cardio protective P. serratifolia bark, Rajendran,2008 phenoliccompounds, flavonoids effect stem wood Iridoids, glycosides, diterpenes P. latifolia Leaves Anti-inflammatory Mahire, 2009 and saponins Volatile oil, Iridoids, glycosides, Anti- Root, stem P. sp. alkaloids, acteoside and inflammatory, Thirumalai,2011 and leaves xanthones antipyretic J. Biol. Chem. Chron. 2015, 1(1), 55-59 56 [Premna Species: A Review] Ganikarine, premnazole, Immuno- P. integrifolia Root flavanoids, sterols, Gokani,2007 modulatory Triterpenes Premnazole,flavanoids,β- Harsithakumari at P. abtusifolia Leaves sitosterol, premnalin, Anti-inflammatory al., 2013 flavonesglycoside Solomon et al., P. schimperi Leaves Diterpenes and andrographolide Anti-leishmanial 2013 Solomon et P. oligotricha Leaves Diterpenes and andrographolide Antibacterial al.,2013 Alkaloids, tannins, Anti- Subarmanyam et P. corymbosa Leaves cardiacglycosides, flavonoids hyperlipidemic al.,2010 Flavanoids, diterpenes and alka- Anti- Rina Ghosh et P. obtusifolia Root bark loids hyperlipidemic al.,2009 Immuno- P. tomentosa Leaves Diterpenes and glycosides Devi et al.,2004 modulatory Hexadecanoicacid, essential P. latifolia Leaves Anti-feedant Kumar et al.,2011 oil(terpendiol, α-pinene) Antimicrobial and Lunesa et P. odorata Leaves Diosmetin and acacetin Anti-inflammatory al.,2011 Immuno- Suresh et al., P. latifolia Stem bark Premnalatifolin A (diterpene) modulatory 2011 Hymavathi et al., P. tomentosa Stem bark Diterpenes Cytotoxic activity 2009 Hexadecanoicacid, terpendiol, α- Kumar et P. latifolia Leaves Anti-feedant pinene al.,2010 PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES: Chemolysis was assumed to be the mechanism for action drugs (Aravindakshan and Bai et al., 1996). Diuretic Activity: Alcoholic extract of roots of Premna latifolia was found to show diuretic activity. Antimicrobial Activity: Antimicrobial activities of The urine output was more in rats treated with 1mg/kg root nodules of Premna herbacea were studied. It was and 2mg/kg body weight and also in dogs treated with found bharanginmono acetate showed antimicrobial 2mg/kg than the control group. The mechanism of activity. Bharanginmono acetate showed more antimi- action was thought to be direct vasodilator effect crobial activity, against gram +ve, gram -ve organisms (Rema and Vijayamma, 1995).A study on indigenous and fungi, than bharangin. The reason reported was knowledge of Premna tomentosa was done. It of was due to presence of acetoxyl group (Murthy et concluded that leaves this plant has diuretic properties al.,2000).When antimicrobial studies of crude extract and can be used in dropsy treatment. Also an extract and fractions of Premna serratifolia root were con- of inner bark was used to arrest diarrhea and the de- cluded, finding showed potential antimicrobial proper- coction of root can be given in stomachache. It was ties of extracts (133.33mg/ml)and frac- also used by people for curing rheumatism, liver and tions(33.33mg/ml) of roots against different bacterial
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