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Reflections on Time by Brian Clark

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Reflections on Time by Brian Clark Reflections on Time by Brian Clark A Question of Time Inherent in the astrological discourse is a natural treatise on time; in essence, astrology is centred on nature-based timing, observable, measureable and cosmetic in its order and beauty. The discipline of astrology is horological, a study of time, and each horoscope is a testament to this mystery. A horoscope ensouls time, inviting us to imagine and animate it with the spirit and nature of the moment. Horoscope is derived from the Greek hora, hour and skopein, to look at; therefore a horoscope is a view of time. Mythologically hora refers to the Horai, the trinity of goddesses whose collective name refers to the seasons and the eternal ordered round of time. Individually the Horai were known as Dike, Eirene and Eunomia or justice, peace and order. Together they represented the hours, the dance of seasons and the passing of time. The Horai were goddesses of the seasons who oversaw the turning of the heavenly wheel determining the natural movements of time. Being daughters of two orderly gods, Zeus and Themis1, the natural impulse towards organizing time is rooted in their parentage. Each horoscope and horary chart invokes these early goddesses, who were the custodians of the seasons and personifications of the virtues of justice, peace and order that underscore time. The Horai were also sisters to another trinity of goddesses known as the Moirai, or the Fates. As weavers of time each sister had a particular role: Clotho spun the fabric, Lachesis measured the length and Atropos cut the cord. The length of the cord that was woven, measured then cut, not only epitomized the life span, but also the seminal moment of birth. Fittingly time and fate are sisterly concepts in Greek mythology, woven together in both our collective and personal cosmogonies; our personal cosmogony being the horoscope. Both the Horai and the Moiria were imagined as apportioning time through their participation with nature and the heavens. A measure of time was metaphoric, part of a greater and more mysterious process that evoked a relationship with the gods. The Horai The Mythic Language of Time There are many ways of thinking about time; for instance the ancient Greeks knew chronos as the unyielding passage of time. Like the eponymous Titan who devoured his children, time was seen to consume all things.2 Images of the passing of time like the hourglass and crutches became linked with Chronus. As an early agricultural god the sickle was also his symbol. While this symbol was associated with power and prosperity, it also symbolised the cutting down of time. Ironically Chronus also presided over a Golden Age, an era when man lived in peace and prosperity like gods, and ‘miserable age rested not on them’.3 Once upon a time the age of Chronus was benevolent and undying, but now his time is all consuming. This ambivalence towards Chronus underpins the astrological archetype of Saturn. Chronus time enters our vocabulary though words that represent the passing and recording of time like chronological or the arrangement of recorded time; chronicle, a detailed account of events arranged sequentially; chronometer, an instrument that measures time. But perhaps the word that reminds us most of the troubling relentlessness of time is chronic, a mnemonic of the inevitability of temporal corrosion. Chronus remains a powerful symbol of time in our language and his surrogate Saturn remains one of astrology’s great chronocrators. But the Greeks knew another time and that was kairos, which had a subjective, even supernatural quality. While chronos characterised linear and measurable time, kairos referred to a critical moment, an appointed time or the right moment in time. In early usage it was linked with opportunity or the moment when possibility penetrated the present. In ancient Greek terminology it referred to an opening and kairos was the critical moment to enter into and take advantage of the moment. In the Homeric Greek kairos was the ‘penetrable opening’ which may have originated with the archer who aimed at the cracks in the armour to seize the right moment,4 an early symbolic association between arrows and time.5 The word was also associated with weaving which is frequently connected to fate and time, conjuring up the sisterly alliance of the Horai and the Moirai. Eternal moments are woven into the web of fate and kairos time is when these breach the surface of our everyday lives. In that instant the veil of time lifts and an opportune moment arises, akin to the idea that the time has come. Kairos is the mysterious process aligned with the ripening of time. Kairos could be likened to the birth moment, which opens us up to the vital opportunity of life, or other times when a fissure between the worlds appears. These two concepts embody the quantitative and qualitative nature of time and its literal and fictional qualities. As astrologers we constantly work with both, investing the literal planetary cycles with meaning, using chronos timing to become aware of the kairos moments of life. It is not the mechanism of time that creates the opportunity, but the willingness to participate freely in the imagined possibilities that astrology aptly outlines. The ancient Roman god associated with the thresholds of gateways and doorways was Janus, the patron of beginnings. As the spirit of the doorways his blessing was essential at the birth of each life, as well as beginning of each day, month and year, as evoked each January. Janus had two faces, one that looked east to the rising Sun; the other west, to its setting. As a two-faced god of time he also reminds us of the different attitudes towards time in Eastern and Western cultures, the objective and subjective nature of time, its measureable and mystical aspects, as well as the ancient Greek ideas of chronus and kairos. By the later Hellenistic period the image of Aion had made his way into mystery cults connected with Cybele, Orpheus and Mithras. Immigrating from the East into Egypt he found his way into Plato and Aristotle’s writing developing into a Hellenistic deity connected with time. Our modern word aeon which suggests an indefinitely long period of time is his contemporary incarnation. As the god of eternity, Aion was depicted within an orb representing the zodiac or the eternal cycle of life. By Hellenistic times the ouroboric orb of the zodiac had enclosed infinity and become the perpetual symbol against which man measured time. Measured Time Our contemporary reliance upon clocks to measure time maintains the illusion that time is physical. Hourly appointments, daily rituals, monthly rent, yearly tax returns and twenty-five year mortgages define the modern-day parameters of our relationship with time. Because it can be defined and divided, time has become a commodity. As a product it can be quantified and sold. We even have a price on what an hour of our time is worth; no wonder we might find it difficult to see time as something other than concrete or fixed. Time has become some-thing, when ironically it does not really exist. Perhaps what exists is a complex of rules that govern time, but time itself is invisible. Ironically even though time is invisible, it is a felt experience. When we liberate time from a chronological trajectory and consider its other dimensionality, time becomes meta-physical. A common occurrence in crisis or under duress is to experience a time warp; seconds feel like hours, the past may be re-lived or the future threatens the present. The nature of time is a mystery best left to the meta-physicians and quantum-physicians to probe. But as astrologers, our consideration is how to reflect on time and the soul in order to participate in the fullness of the moment for ourselves and our clients. Astrological timing is both quantitative and qualitative. Yet in both practice and theory, astrological timing is commonly thought of as only quantitatively, fixing the timing of a planetary movement to an event in clock time, whether that is hours, days, weeks, months or years. Prediction is limited when planetary symbols and movements are explained then projected onto future events or episodes. When time is fixed literally, astrological practitioners are coerced into anticipating future possibilities. When we are anticipating time, we no longer are participating in it. Pulled into the linearity of time and objectivity, we lose access to the cyclicality and subjectivity of the subtle world that astrology reveals. If this occurs then divination is severed from prediction since the porous boundaries vital to subjective involvement becomes eclipsed by literality and objectivity. From a quantitative point of view astrological periods are measured by the time it takes for a planet to pass through a particular point in the heavens, whether that is a zodiac sign, a degree of the zodiac or an aspect to another planet. For instance Pluto moves into Aquarius on the 23 March 2023 for the first time since its discovery and will move back and forth across the zodiacal cusp of Capricorn - Aquarius four more times until it enters Aquarius for nearly two decades on 19 November 2024. On 12 January 2020 Saturn conjoins Pluto at 22g46. Depending on an ‘orb of influence’6 we can time the period when the two planets will aspect one another. Quantitative time compares these planetary positions with a natal chart to personalise the advance of time. But how we engage with this symbol of time is the key: do we interpret, divine or imagine time? Qualitative timing is imaginative and symbolic, encouraging participation with the moment.
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