DOCSLIB.ORG

U.S. Army Office of Medical History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
U.S. Army Office of Medical History Office of Medical History HOME FAQ CONTACTS LINKS MEDCOM SITEMAP ARMY.MIL AKO SEARCH ACCESS TO CARE Section 1 The Histories of the Commissions - Contents HISTORY OF THE OFFICE OF MEDICAL Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases HISTORY ANC HISTORY Incorporating Three Other Commissions: Commission on Air-Borne Infections Commission on Meningococcal Meningitis Commission on Pneumonia AMEDD BIOGRAPHIES This history is dedicated with grateful appreciation to Drs. John H. Dingle and Colin M. AMEDD CORPS HISTORY MacLeod. Dingle's pioneering work was highly instrumental in ensuring success of the Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases. MacLeod, his friend and associate, directed the BOOKS AND first Commission on Pneumonia and made lasting contributions not only to a number of DOCUMENTS commissions, but to the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board. It is not possible to measure the HISTORICAL ART impact of each of these two remarkable medical scientists in the whole field of preventive WORK & IMAGES medicine. MEDICAL MEMOIRS Foreword AMEDD MEDAL OF HONOR RECIPIENTS The annals of military preventive medicine provides a remarkable record of achievement ORGANIZATIONAL extending from Beaumont to Billings to Sternberg, Reed, Strong, Siler, Simmons, and so many HISTORIES more. Their work was a culmination of intelligent thought and scientific innovation all aimed at THE SURGEONS solving problems that arose from those social forces and political upheavals that involve GENERAL society as a whole. So often, there has been productive interaction between military and civilian scientists. Their combined opinions and collective funds of knowledge have helped ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SURGEON determine just what should be done and how it might be accomplished, all with the aim to GENERAL better maintain the highest standards of health in military personnel. AMEDD UNIT PATCHES William S. Jordan, Jr., has carefully evaluated and addressed these principles in preparation of AND LINEAGE his history of four commissions of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board (AFEB). Each THE AMEDD commission, in its own unique way, was involved in vital issues that required identity of cause, HISTORIAN clarification of pathogenesis, and how best to prevent specific illness in the individual and NEWSLETTER throughout the military population. Throughout the AFEB's illustrious history, no one has been more devoted and contributed more to the cause of prevention and control of infectious diseases in the U.S. military services than Dr. Jordan. He was in an admirable position to prepare this account of the activities of the Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases (CARD) and three related, short-lived Commissions, having knowledge of them almost from their beginnings. John Dingle, first director of the CARD, was one of Jordan's attendings in 1940 and 1941, when he was a medical student serving as a substitute intern on the Harvard Medical Service at Boston City Hospital (BCH). After graduation in 1942, he interned at BCH with such mentors as Drs. Chester Keefer and Maxwell Finland before active duty as a Naval Medical Officer. When home on leave in his hometown of Fayetteville, North Carolina, in the summer of 1944, he visited Dr. Dingle and the CARD laboratory at Fort Bragg. After World War II and more training at BCH, he joined Dr. Dingle's new Department of Preventive Medicine at Western Reserve University, working there during the years that Dr. Dingle continued as director of the CARD and later as president of the AFEB. Dr. Jordan then moved to the University of Virginia School of Medicine in Charlottesville to create his own Department of Preventive Medicine and to serve for 6 years as the CARD director. Subsequently, as dean of the College of Medicine at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, and as director of the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, he continued to participate in the activities of the AFEB. Never have I known Bill to shirk a difficult assignment because of being "too busy." Furthermore, the ultimate product always came as close to the best solution as possible. Although technically retired, he continues as an involved public servant performing with his characteristic alert, vigorous, and wise approach to problem solving. http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/historiesofcomsn/section1.html[11/25/2014 12:55:12 AM] Office of Medical History -Theodore E. Woodward, M.D. History of the Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases, Commission on Air-Borne Infections, Commission on Meningococcal Meningitis, and Commission on Pneumonia William S. Jordan, Jr., M.D. INTRODUCTION Five of the first seven commissions formed at the first meeting (6 February 1941) of the Board for Investigation and Control of Influenza and Other Epidemic Diseases in the Army dealt with respiratory pathogens: Commissions on Influenza, Measles, Meningitis, Pneumonia, and Streptococcal Infections. At its third meeting 5 months later, the Board formed the Commission on Cross Infections in Hospitals, which was renamed the Commission on Air- Borne Infections shortly thereafter because the sterilization of air was a common problem for all groups seeking to prevent disease by limiting the dissemination of airborne organisms. Within 1 year, the Commissions on Acute Respiratory Diseases (CARD) and Neurotropic Viruses began. Thus, 7 of the first 10 commissions were concerned with airborne bacteria and viruses that cause respiratory infections. As the Board gained experience with the commissions and as new problems were identified, new commissions were formed and existing ones merged or terminated. The Commission on Measles soon added Mumps to its title and eventually joined the Commission on Neurotropic Viruses to become the Commission on Viral and Rickettsial Diseases. The Commission on Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections was folded into the CARD in 1946 but was revived in 1949. The other three respiratory pathogen-related commissions were incorporated into the CARD after World War II,: Pneumonia in December, 1945, and Air-Borne Infections and Meningococcal Meningitis in April, 1946. These and subsequent administrative actions are listed in chronological order in Appendix 1. The research projects undertaken and observations made by the last four above-named commissions are listed in approximate order in Appendix 2. As far as possible, study results are dated when they were reported to the Board or to the Commissions, rather than when they were published, to illustrate better the evolution of the problems explored, information gained, and control measures tested. Except for the items in Appendices I and II, the material related to streptococcal infections has been incorporated in the account of the Commission on Streptococcal and Staphylococcal Diseases (CSSD). The following sections discuss the origins and organization of these four commissions, with emphasis on the longer-lived CARD. The scientific contributions made during their periods of service are then summarized, along with information as to the current knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, prevention, and control of the diseases of concern to them. Lists of the publications of the Commissions are appended and will not be referenced here. Those interested in learning of the details of a particular study can do so by matching Appendix 2 with the list of publications and by consulting the supplemental references that cite the relevant and subsequent reports of others. 6 ADMINISTRATION Acute Respiratory Diseases The specter of a repeat of the influenza pandemic of 1918 and 1919 and its attendant high mortality from pneumonia accounted for the inclusion of influenza as the only specific disease mentioned in the title of the Board for the Investigation and Control of Influenza and Other Epidemic Diseases in the Army. The structure of the Board and its commissions was similarly shaped by the experience in these years. In World War I, the Pneumonia Commission of 1917 had supplemented undermanned military staffs with civilian physicians, and the Pneumonia Board of 1918 had organized specialist groups on short notice to investigate pneumonia whenever the need arose. Among the commissions formed by the Board at its first meeting 10 months before the attack http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/historiesofcomsn/section1.html[11/25/2014 12:55:12 AM] Office of Medical History on Pearl Harbor were those for Influenza and Pneumonia. The minutes of this meeting note that the Influenza Commission is to include "related acute respiratory diseases," although a mission statement prepared after the third meeting of the Board just a few months later makes no mention of this fact. One year later, at the fifth meeting of the Board in May, 1942, John H. Dingle, M.D. presented the report of a group appointed to investigate primary atypical pneumonia at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana. In addition to discussion of that disease, the minutes emphasize the difficulty in characterizing respiratory disease, noting that "advance requires a major effort in etiology and serology." There was prolonged and detailed discussion of the proposal, first outlined by Dr. Dingle in response to an informal suggestion by Colonel James Stevens (Steve) Simmons, that a permanent commission or group be established to study respiratory diseases. The Board recommended to The Surgeon General that provision be made for a permanent year-round study of respiratory disease by a specially selected group of investigators,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NMQF 2007 Leadership Summit Biographical Sketches
    National Minority Quality Forum 2007 Leadership Summit Biographical Sketches Angel F. Avendano, MD Angel F. Avendano, MD, is a bilingual cardiologist with more than 20 years of clinical practice experience. He served as professor of medicine at Universidad Central de Venezuela. He cofounded and directed IDET, a main primary care institution in Venezuela. He has experience in clinical research since 1998 both international and in the United States. His work has been published. His research experience includes hypertension, hepatitis C, and HIV. His main research interests include the metabolic syndrome in HIV, lipid metabolic and cardiac risk factors in HIV, and hypertension. Jennifer Beaulieu (BIOGRAPHY NOT AVAILABLE.) Richard Beswick, PhD Richard Beswick, PhD, is associate medical director with Roche Laboratories Inc. Previously, Dr. Beswick served as manager of clinical affairs with Johnson and Johnson/Orthobiotech. During Dr. Beswick’s tenure with Orthobiotech, he was involved in new business development and clinical trial development. Born in Montego Bay, Jamaica, he earned a bachelor’s degree in biology from Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, a master’s degree in cardiovascular physiology from Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant; a master’s in business administration from Rollins College in Florida; and a PhD in molecular renal physiology from the University of Michigan School of Medicine. Dr. Beswick trained with Janice Douglas and Jackson Wright at Case Western Reserve University in the area of endocrinology and receptor kinetics with a focus on angiotensin receptor system in the kidneys of African American patients. Moreover, he has been involved in and has developed numerous protocols for academia and pharmaceutical industry.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Annual Convention and Scientific Assembly Table of Contents
    11-0143 NMA ConvBk_Cvr 6/29/11 2:34 PM Page 1 N ATIONAL M EDICAL NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2011 Annual Convention and Scientific Assembly A SSOCIATION 2011 Annual Convention and Scientific Assembly LEONARD WEATHER,JR., R.PH., M.D. 111TH PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Washington, DC OFFICIAL PROGRAM July 23-27, 2011 • Washington, District of Columbia WALTER E. WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER 11-0143 NMA ConvBk_Cvr 6/29/11 2:34 PM Page 2 PLEASE JOIN US NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA July 28 - August 1, 2012 2012ANNUAL CONVENTION AND SCIENTIFIC ASSEMBLY National Medical Association 8403 Colesville Road, Suite 920 Silver Spring, MD 20910 202-347-1895 www.NMAnet.org July 23-27, 2011 Washington, DC Health Equity: Lead, Reform, Deliver OFFICIAL CONVENTION PROGRAM BOOK* NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 109TH ANNUAL CONVENTION AND SCIENTIFIC ASSEMBLY Walter E.Washington Convention Center Related additional information including needs assessment, disclosures, and speaker descriptions will be found in the individual session or section manuals. *This program is subject to change without prior notice. 8403 Colesville Road, Suite 920 Leonard Weather Jr., R.Ph., M.D. Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 President 202.347.1895 Ext. 211 • Fax 202.347.0722 www.NMAnet.org Dear Colleagues and Friends, I am pleased to welcome you to the National Medical Association’s (NMA) 109th Annual Convention and Scientific Assembly. The theme of this year’s meeting – “Health Equity: Lead, Reform, Deliver” references the vital leadership role that the NMA, and its members, must actively play in ensuring that healthcare reform is implemented in all states in a man- ner that results in improved health access, services, and outcomes for all especially our most vulnerable patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Onsolidated R & D *Annual Project Report
    / RCC1.950804.003 REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL CSCRO-16 ARMY MEDICAL SERVIC€ ONSOLIDATED R & D *ANNUAL PROJECT REPORT (EXCLUDING 0 M) Tlg I-TTOII COWAIlYOD -IN IS UWCLASBIFm EUT YAY NOT W mI&tQ)WITmIJT Tm expR688 PwYISsIrn dc n QIIOI, R#Ascdm AI0 DIVISION. -ICE CF TIP SuaOn m,DEPART- mtrQlmARyy. Whoa this document hr served its uur~oeeit my be di.Wlad of without reference to tha originating offiur. -. -. I JANUARY - 31 DECEMBER 1957 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION OFF!CE OF THE SURGEON GENERAL US ARMY pJm-yb-*?w?r. "-'-" .;~*:?q?.,~3.~ ' -1 . '* ,'.',. :)". I' AFXY MEDICAL SERVIm CONSOLIDATSD R & D ANNUAL PROJECT REPORT (Excluding GM) (Reports Control Symbol CSCRD-16) 1 January - 31 December 1957 The information contained herein is unclassified but may not be published 5.iithout the express permission of the Chief, Research and Development Division, Office of Tho Surgeon General, Department of the Amy. When this document has served its purpose it may be disposed of without reference to the originating office. Do not return this document. Research and Development Division Office of The Surgeon General u. s. Army .. _... - . .-..- - ... .--.. .- .. ,.. __ . - , TABU OF COIJTlEJTS Reports Control Symbol CSCRD-16 DIDEX OF PROJECTS 31 December 1957 CODE NO. PROJECT TITI;F: PROJECT NUIBEX PAGE 6.28 IIedical Wpment .I Developnent of Uedical, Dental 8 Veterinary 3qyipment & Supplies 1 7.23 IiIedical Sciences 4 ArnTy eosthetics Research Program 4 Ocular Research 6 X-ray & Photographic Techniques 8 Biological &Medical Aspects of 10 Ionizing Radiatim
    [Show full text]
  • THE Double Helix Vol
    THE DOUBLE HELIX Vol. 35, No. 4 | December 2010 Published by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases NFID to Present Prestigious Awards at Upcoming Gala he National Foundation for result of Dr. Beasley’s findings vaccination Minister Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus Infectious Diseases (NFID) program around the world have prevented Dr. Tedros Adhanom Tannounces honorees for its 2011 untold numbers of deaths. Ghebreyesus has served Annual Awards Dinner on Tuesday, as Ethiopia’s Minister March 22, 2011 —Drs. R. Palmer Beasley Dr. Beasley conducted his remarkable of Health for the past and Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. research career in Taiwan, as the director of five years. Under his the American Medical Research unit at the leadership the country NFID will present the Maxwell Finland U.S. Naval Research Unit in Taipei, where has embarked on an Award for Scientific Achievement to Dr. he and his colleagues studied and wrote effort to improve the Beasley for his distinguished scientific about hepatitis B. The studies led by Dr. health of Ethiopians career in preventive medicine and infectious Beasley were “incredible in terms of size and by addressing specific diseases. The Maxwell Finland Award is thoroughness,” stated Herbert L. DuPont, diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS presented to a scientist who has made out- MD, former NFID president and recipient and to improve the structure and capacity standing contributions to the understanding of the 2007 Maxwell Finland Award. for health services, with a special emphasis of infectious diseases or public health. on maternal care. Under Dr. Beasley’s leadership the Center Dr. Ghebreyesus will be honored with the for Infectious Disease at the University Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the College of William and Mary--Catalogue Issue, 1952-1953
    College ot Willmm antr jHarp in Virginia Two Hundred and Sixtieth Year Williamsburg, Virginia 1952 - 1953 Bulletin of The College of William and Mary—Catalogue Issue Vol. 47, No. 6 April, 1953 Entered at the post office at Williamsburg, Virginia, July 3, 1926, under act of August 24, 1912, as second-class matter. Issued 10 times: Januar)', February, three issues in March, one issue in April, two issues in June, one issue in August, and one in December. "^ |£^-V •• my ^ •^- • •« - , * >Sgv^> ^''^^9^1% ^^A^^ • PRIORITIES • OF THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY. Charterf'd Febrnary 8,lBfl3.by Kiu^ William and One<»D Mary Maiu baildiog designod by Sir (hrisTopber Wen. First Collesje in the Uuiteri States m its antece- dents, which j?o hacK to the College propo?^ed at Heurico ( iGi 9 ). Second to Harvard University in actual operatioD. First American College to receive its charter from the Crown under the Seal of the Privy Coimctt. 1683. Hence it was known as their Majesties' Royal College of William and Mary." First and OMY American College to receive a Coat-ofArms from the College of Heralds,l694. First College in the United States to have a fnll Fac nlty. consisting of a President,six Professors, nsher. and writing master f229. First College to coiiler medallic prizesrthe ^old medals donated hy Lord Botetourt in iWl. First College to establish an inter collegiate fraternity, the Phi Beta Kappa. Ilec ember 5, 1'XIfG. First College to have the Elective System of stndy, 1773. First College to have the Honor Svstem,l'278.
    [Show full text]
  • ACIP Meeting Minutes
    DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices February 21-22, 2007 Atlanta, Georgia Record of the Proceedings DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES February 21-22, 2007 Atlanta, Georgia C O N T E N T S February 21, 2007 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………..1 HEPATITIS A POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS ………………………………………..2 Introduction: Dr. Bell........................... ……………………………………………....2 Study Results: Dr. Victor........................ …………………………………………….2 ROTAVIRUS VACCINE …………………………………………………………………...12 General Update: Dr. Parashar......................................................................................13 Disease Burden: Dr. Payne........................ ………………………………………….14 VAERS: Ms. Haber.....................................................................................................15 Data Interpretation: Dr. Patel................... …………………………………………...16 THIMEROSAL: REVIEWING THE EVIDENCE ………………………………………….21 Dr. Lieberman VACCINE SUPPLY………………………………………………………………………….28 Dr. Wallace INFLUENZA…………………………………………………………………………………32 Update: Dr. Allos..........................................................................................................33 Information: Dr. Fiore...................................................................................................34 Vote...............................................................................................................................43
    [Show full text]
  • American Journal of PUBLIC HEALTH Contents: July 1 2005, Volume 95, Issue 7 LETTERS
    American Journal of PUBLIC HEALTH Contents: July 1 2005, Volume 95, Issue 7 LETTERS: G. David Batty and Ian J. Deary HEALTH COMMUNICATION, INTELLIGENCE, AND HEALTH DIFFERENTIALS Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1088,. Vicki S. Freimuth and Sandra Crouse Quinn FREIMUTH AND QUINN RESPOND Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1089, 10.2105/AJPH.2005.063396. Lois A. Fingerhut, James Harrison, Yvette Holder, Birthe Frimodt-Møller, Susan Mackenzie, Saakje Mulder, and Ian Scott ADDRESSING THE GROWING BURDEN OF TRAUMA AND INJURY IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1089-1090, Herbert K. Abrams LINKING HEALTH TO SOCIAL JUSTICE Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1090, Iman A. Nuwayhid NUWAYHID RESPONDS Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1090-1091, Anne-Emanuelle Birn and Klaudia Dmitrienko THE WORLD BANK: GLOBAL HEALTH OR GLOBAL HARM? Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1091-1092, Jennifer Prah Ruger RUGER RESPONDS Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1092, Erika Bácskai, Ágnes Tallár, and József Gerevich DRINKING AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN A CHANGING SOCIETY Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1092-1093, Xiao Xu and Jacquelyn Campbell XU AND CAMPBELL RESPOND Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1093, ERRATUM: ERRATUM Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1093 ERRATUM Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1093. EDITOR'S CHOICE: Bernard M. Dickens The Challenges and Opportunities of Ethics Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1094. EDITORIALS: Anne-Emanuelle Birn and Natalia Molina In the Name of Public Health Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1095-1097, Jake McKinstry Using the Past to Step Forward: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in the Western Cape Province of South Africa Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1097-1099, Jorge Rosenthal, Arnold Christianson, and Jose Cordero Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention in South Africa and Other Low- Resource Countries Am J Public Health 2005 95: 1099-1101, FIELD ACTION REPORT: gfedc Martha W.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiments and Research with Humans: Values in National
    DCCUNBNT RESUME ED 125 906 SE 020 984 TITLE Experiments and Research with Humans: Values in Conflict. INSTITUTION National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C.; National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington, D.C.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 75 CONTRACT NO1-0D-5-2116 -------NOZE 231p. AVAILABLE FROM Printing and Publishing Office, National Academy of Sciences,72101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418 ($5.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$12.71 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Science Research; Communications; Conferences; Educational Responsibility;, *Ethics ' Federal Legislation; *Human Resources; *Research; Research' Projects;, *Scientific Research IDENTIFIERS *National Academy of Sciences ABSTRACT This book contains the .foraal presentations and discussions of a public forum organized by the National Academy of Scientes and held in February 1975. The topics discussed include informed consent by the research subject based on a full explanation of :what will be done, the workings of tyre ptocess, and the potential risks and benefits; research on fetuses\and on children.; research, participation by the,econosically poor,military personnel, prisoners, and the insiitutionalized; the teens used .to obtain volunteers for experiments; and the future role of federal legislation. A recurrent. theme, the balance between the promises and perils of human research and betwe'em societal and i dividual I, considerations, isemphasized. In addition, this v ume illustrates the successes and failures of,communication when a ontroversial subject is explored in a public arena. (Author /SD) ***********************************************************#***********- * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informalunpublished * materials not available from other sources.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Clinical and Climatological Association: 1884
    Chapter 9 THE FOURTH QUARTER-CENTURY THE SEVENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING The seventy-sixth annual meeting was held at The Homestead, No­ vember 4-6,1963, under the presidency of Chester Keefer1 (Fig. 27). The President's Address, about the failure of the potato crop in Ireland in the 1840s, came up with the astounding implication that our then-Chief Executive of the United States, John Kennedy, might have been born and perhaps have remained in Ireland had it not been for the soggy FIG. 27. Left to right: Chester Keefer, Lewis B. Flinn 170 THE FOURTH QUARTER CENTURY 171 environment, which fostered the growth of a potato fungus. The Gordon Wilson Lecture was delivered by Albert H. Coons, who gave an excellent summary of his own contributions and the current knowledge of the theories of antibody formation. J.J. Kilpatrick, editor of the Richmond News-Leader, gave a provocative talk after dinner on Tuesday, empha­ sizing the need for better lines of communication between physicians and their lay friends and the public in general. Joseph H. Holmes presented an excellent memorial to James Johnston Waring,2 who died unexpectedly on June 2, 1962. Born in Savannah, Georgia in 1883, Waring attended Yale University and began the study of medicine at Johns Hopkins in 1904. While a student, he contracted tuberculosis and moved to Colorado. When his condition improved, he returned to the study of medicine and was graduated from the University of Colorado School of Medicine in 1913. He interned at St. Luke's Hospital and took a residency at Phipps Sanitorium, both in Denver.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text Article
    SJIF Impact Factor: 5.464 WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE ISSN: 2457-0400 Arpita et al. World Journal of Advance HealthcareVolume: Research 5. HEALTHCARE RESEARCH Issue: 2. Page N. 171-179 Year: 2021 Review Article www.wjahr.com NASAL PASSAGE IS THE COMMON ROUTE FOR RHINOVIRUS: A SILENT PATHOGENIC ALLERGEN READY TO HARM ANYTIME IS A CONTAGIOUS ONE *1Arpita Biswas, 1Amrita Chakraborty, 1Kushal Nandi, 1Saroni Saha, 1Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, 2Dr. Dhananjoy Saha, 3Dr. Kishor Dholwani and 4Dr. Pankaj H. Prajapati 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector–V, EM–4/1, Kolkata– 700091, West Bengal, India. 2Deputy Director, Directorate of Technical Education, Bikash Bhavan, Salt Lake City, Kolkata‒700091, West Bengal, India. 3Laxminarayandev College of Pharmacy, Narmada Nagar, Beside Swaminarayan School, Bharuch, Gujarat, India. 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana–384001, Gujarat, India. Received date: 25 January 2021 Revised date: 15 February 2021 Accepted date: 05 February 2021 *Corresponding author: Arpita Biswas Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector–V, EM–4/1, Kolkata– 700091, West Bengal, India. ABSTRACT The rhinovirus (from the Greek ῥίς rhis "nose", GEN ῥινός rhinos "of the nose", and the Latin virus) is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold. Rhinovirus infection proliferates in temperatures of 33–35°C (91–95°F), the temperatures found in the nose. Rhinoviruses belong to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. The three species of rhinovirus (A, B, and C) include around 160 recognized types of human rhinovirus that differ according to their surface proteins (serotypes).
    [Show full text]
  • Silent Victories: the History and Practice of Public Health In
    SILENT VICTORIES This page intentionally left blank SILENT VICTORIES The History and Practice of Public Health in Twentieth-Century America Edited by John W. Ward and Christian Warren 1 2007 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2007 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-515069-8 ISBN-10: 0-19-515069-4 CIP information available online from the Library of Congress 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface At the beginning of the twentieth century, the crude death rate in the United States stood at 17.2 per 1000 population, infant mortality was around 120 per 1000, and life expectancy was less than 50 years.1,–3 Respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases were responsible for the majority of deaths. To many health experts, simply compar- ing health-oriented public activities and expenditures in healthy and unhealthy com- munities pointed to the solution.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Prevalence of HRV and Its Genotypes in Asia, Review
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(5): 97-104 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2016; 4(5): 97-104 Annual prevalence of HRV and its genotypes in © 2016 JEZS Received: 15-07-2016 Asia, review Accepted: 16-08-2016 Sonia Aslam Sonia Aslam, Hameed Ur Rehman, Maryuem Humayun, Zakir Ullah, Department of Zoology, Saeed Ahmad, Muhammad Ayub Jadoon, Javid Khan, Mian Numan, Kohat University of Science and Technology, KPK, Pakistan. Muhammad Naeem and Kausar Saeed Hameed Ur Rehman Abstract Department of Chemistry, Human rhinovirus is the major pathogen among all age groups causing common cold and can be Kohat University of Science and Technology, KPK, Pakistan. associated with severe infections like asthma, pneumonia, wheezing which may lead to hospitalization. Phylogenetic analysis has led to the classification of human rhinovirus into three genotypes i-e HRV-A, Maryuem Humayun HRV-B and HRV-C. These genotypes have different biological properties, clinical outcome and provide Department of Microbiology, information for studying the epidemiology and pathogenesis. This review article characterizes the Abbottabad University of Science distribution of HRV and its genotypes for the first time in Asia. 94 published articles (2005-2015) related and Technology, Pakistan to HRV and its genotypes in Asia were searched. Children were more infected with HRV in Asia than in any other age group. HRV is the main agent causing acute respiratory infections in Asian countries, Zakir Ullah Department of Microbiology, responsible for mild to severe respiratory infections in all age groups, particularly in children. Effective Abbottabad University of Science preventive measures are needed on urgent basis to control the disease burden.
    [Show full text]