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George Simpson to John Mcloughlin, 1842
George Simpson to John McLoughlin, 1842 By Governor George Simpson Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) Governor George Simpson wrote this short letter to John McLoughlin, chief factor of the company’s Columbia Department, on April 27, 1842, to inform him of the recent murder of his son, John McLoughlin, Jr. “Young John” was chief trader of Fort Stikine, a fur-trading post rented from the Russian American Company on the southeast Alaskan coast. This typescripted version was edited by E. E. Rich and published in 1943 in The Letters of John McLoughlin from Fort Vancouver to the Governor and Committee, Second Series, 1839 – 44 John McLoughlin, Jr. was born on August 18, 1812. For most of his youth, he was raised apart from his father, primarily by his great-uncle, Simon Fraser. Although young John’s first appeal to join the ranks of the HBC was denied (by Simpson himself), his subsequent participation in James Dickson’s failed “Indian Liberating Army” in 1836 gave cause for Simpson to re-evaluate his earlier assessment. Simpson decided to offer young John, along with several other trouble-making “half-breeds” like him, positions in the company rather than have them unemployed and directionless within HBC trading territory. Young John was made chief trader of Fort Stikine during the spring of 1841. He was murdered there in April 1842. Simpson discovered the death of young John while on a tour of the Columbia Department’s coastal operations. Although his letter to McLoughlin was brief, Simpson’s depiction of the murder as “justifiable homicide” enraged the bereaved father. -
Southeast Alaska Mid-Region Access Port and Ferry Terminal Technical Memorandum
S A M-R A P Ferr T T M Prepared for Fr Highw An Through R Pecci Associates, I. 825 Custer Avenue Helena, Montana 59604 (406)447-5000 www.rpa-hln.com Prepared by T Gos Associates, I. 1201 Western Avenue, Suite 200 Seattle, WA 98101 www.glosten.com Pametri, I. 700 NE Multnomah, Suite 1000 Portland, OR 97232-4110 T. 503.233.2400 F, 503.233.4825 www.parametrix.com CITATION The Glosten Associates, Inc., Parametrix, Inc. 2011. Southeast Alaska Mid-Region Access Port and Ferry Terminal Technical Memorandum. Prepared by The Glosten Associates, Inc., Seattle, Washington, Parametrix, Inc., Portland, Oregon. April 2011. Port and Ferry Terminal Technical Memorandum TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... ES-1 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Purpose of the Mid-Region Access Study ......................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Southeast Alaska Mid-Region Access Study Corridors ..................................................... 1-3 1.2.1 Bradfield Canal Corridor ....................................................................................... 1-3 1.2.2 Stikine River Corridor ........................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.3 Aaron Creek Corridor............................................................................................ 1-5 1.3 Characteristics -
Mutiny on the Beaver 15 Mutiny on the Beaver: Law and Authority in the Fur Trade Navy, 1835-1840
Mutiny on the Beaver 15 Mutiny on the Beaver: Law and Authority in the Fur Trade Navy, 1835-1840 Hamar Foster* ... I decided on leaving them to be dealt with through the slow process of the law, as being in the end more severe than a summary infliction." L INTRODUCTION IT IS CONVENTIONAL TO SEEK THE HISTORICAL ROOTS of British Columbia labour in the colonial era, that is to say, beginning in 1849 or thereabouts. That was when Britain established Vancouver Island, its first colony on the North Pacific coast, and granted the Hudson's 1991 CanLIIDocs 164 Bay Company fee simple title on the condition that they bring out settlers.' It is a good place to begin, because the first batch of colonists were not primarily gentlemen farmers or officials but coal miners and agricultural labourers, and neither the Company nor Vancouver Island lived up to their expectations.' The miners were Scots, brought in to help the Hudson's Bay Company diversify and exploit new resources in the face of declining fur trade profits, but * Hamar Foster is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Victoria, teaching a variety of subjects, including legal history. He has published widely in the field of Canadian legal history, as well as in other areas of law. James Douglas, Reporting to the Governor and Committee on the "Mutiny of the Beaver Crew, 1838", Provincial Archives of Manitoba, Hudson's Bay Company Archives [hereinafter HBCA] B. 223/6/21. ' In what follows the Hudson's Bay Company ("IHC') will be referred to as "they," etc., rather than "it". -
Interpreting the Tongass National Forest
INTERPRETING THE TONGASS NATIONAL FOREST via the ALASKA MARINE HIGHWAY U. S. Department of Agriculture Alaska Region Forest Service INTERPRETING THE TONGASS NATIONAL FOREST By D. R. (Bob) Hakala Visitor Information Service Illustrations by Ann Pritchard Surveys and Maps U.S.D.A. Forest Service Juneau, Alaska TO OUR VISITORS The messages in this booklet have been heard by thousands of travelers to Southeast Alaska. They were prepared originally as tape recordings to be broadcast by means of message repeater systems on board the Alaska State ferries and commercial cruise vessels plying the Alaska waters of the Inside Passage. Public interest caused us to publish them in this form so they would be available to anyone on ships traveling through the Tongass country. The U.S.D.A. Forest Service, in cooperation with the State of Alaska, has developed the interpretive program for the Alaska Marine Highway (Inside Passage) because, as one of the messages says, "... most of the landward view is National Forest. The Forest Service and the State of Alaska share the objective of providing factual, meaning ful information which adds understanding and pride in Alaska and the National Forests within its boundaries." We hope these pages will enrich your recall of Alaska scenes and adventures. Charles Yates Regional Forester 1 CONTENTS 1. THE PASSAGE AHEAD 3 2. WELCOME-. 4 1. THE PASSAGE AHEAD 3. ALASKA DISCOVERY 5 4. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY 6 5. TONGASS ISLAND 8 6. INDIANS OF SOUTHEAST ALASKA 10 Every place you travel is rich with history, nature lore, cul 7. CLIMATE 12 ture — the grand story of man and earth. -
Petition to List the Alexander Archipelago Wolf in Southeast
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF INTERIOR PETITION TO LIST THE ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO WOLF (CANIS LUPUS LIGONI) IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA AS THREATENED OR ENDANGERED UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT © ROBIN SILVER PETITIONERS CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, ALASKA RAINFOREST DEFENDERS, AND DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE JULY 15, 2020 NOTICE OF PETITION David Bernhardt, Secretary U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Margaret Everson, Principal Deputy Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Gary Frazer, Assistant Director for Endangered Species U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1840 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Greg Siekaniec, Alaska Regional Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1011 East Tudor Road Anchorage, AK 99503 [email protected] PETITIONERS Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Larry Edwards Center for Biological Diversity Alaska Rainforest Defenders 1212 Broadway P.O. Box 6064 Oakland, California 94612 Sitka, Alaska 99835 (415) 385-5746 (907) 772-4403 [email protected] [email protected] Randi Spivak Patrick Lavin, J.D. Public Lands Program Director Defenders of Wildlife Center for Biological Diversity 441 W. 5th Avenue, Suite 302 (310) 779-4894 Anchorage, AK 99501 [email protected] (907) 276-9410 [email protected] _________________________ Date this 15 day of July 2020 2 Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. §1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity, Alaska Rainforest Defenders, and Defenders of Wildlife petition the Secretary of the Interior, through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (“USFWS”), to list the Alexander Archipelago wolf (Canis lupus ligoni) in Southeast Alaska as a threatened or endangered species. -
Alaska Region New Employee Orientation Front Cover Shows Employees Working in Various Ways Around the Region
Forest Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Alaska Region | September 2021 Alaska Region New Employee Orientation Front cover shows employees working in various ways around the region. Alaska Region New Employee Orientation R10-UN-017 September 2021 Juneau’s typically temperate, wet weather is influenced by the Japanese Current and results in about 300 days a year with rain or moisture. Average rainfall is 92 inches in the downtown area and 54 inches ten miles away at the airport. Summer temperatures range between 45 °F and 65 °F (7 °C and 18 °C), and in the winter between 25 °F and 35 °F (-4 °C and -2 °C). On average, the driest months of the year are April and May and the wettest is October, with the warmest being July and the coldest January and February. Table of Contents National Forest System Overview ............................................i Regional Office .................................................................. 26 Regional Forester’s Welcome ..................................................1 Regional Leadership Team ........................................... 26 Alaska Region Organization ....................................................2 Acquisitions Management ............................................ 26 Regional Leadership Team (RLT) ............................................3 Civil Rights ................................................................... 26 Common Place Names .............................................................4 Ecosystems Planning and Budget ................................ -
Four Physician-Explorers of the Fur Trade Days
FOUR PHYSICIAN-EXPLORERS OF THE FUR TRADE DAYS By J. MONROE THORINGTON, M.D. PHILADELPHIA THE four physicians, whose lives Fraser. After Waterloo, David took up I are here recounted, spanned praetice in Paris, while John, following I almost a century of the fur his training in Scotland, returned to ■ J*.. trade in Canada, roughly the Canada and became a partner in the period between the arrival of Lewis and North-West Company. We find him at Clark at the mouth of the Columbia Fort Duncan, Lake Nepigon, in 1807; River (1805) and the completion of the at Sturgeon Lake in the winter 1807- Canadian Pacific railroad (1885). 08, and at the capture of Fort William The successive thrusts of exploration in 1816. through the valley of the St. Lawrence The Hudson’s Bay Company ab- were largely concerned with a search sorbed the North-West Company in for a Northwest Passage to the spice 1821, thereby obtaining a monopoly islands of Asia, and were the forerun- of the fur trade. At this time John ners of Verendrye’s sighting of the McLoughlin was in charge of Fort Wil- Rockies in 1738, of Hearne’s reaching liam on Lake Superior. He reached the Coppermine delta in 1771, and of Rainy Lake House in 1823, en route to Alexander Mackenzie’s journey to Bella the Columbia district of which he was Coola inlet and the Pacific in 1793. made supervisor in 1824, and where he John Jacob Astor’s ship, the Ton- ruled during the critical times of the quin, established the Astoria post on Oregon country, 1824-46. -
MEASLES, 1847-1850 the First Modern Epidemic in British Columbia
MEASLES, 1847-1850 The First Modern Epidemic in British Columbia R. M. GALOIS ITH THE ARRIVAL OF the steamer Beaver in 1836, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) brought modern industrial Wtechnology to the Northwest Coast. An unintended conse quence of this innovation was the enhanced mobility of Old- World diseases. In this instance, a combination of the Beaver; other HBC transportation systems and Native trading patterns produced the first epidemic to affect much of the area that is now British Columbia — the measles epidemic of 1847-1850. Similar interactions of disease, technology and culture have been described elsewhere.1 Here, I draw upon and expand the picture presented in a recent article by the American anthropologist Robert Boyd2 in order to argue that this measles epidemic, and not the smallpox epidemic of 1862-1863, was the first "modern" epidemic in British Columbia. Beginning in 1846, measles spread from the American Plains north wards to the Canadian Prairies and westwards across the Cordillera. Boyd demonstrates that the epidemic entered British Columbia from the Columbia River watershed via coastal and interior routes in the winter of 1847/48. I begin with the latter. INTERIOR ROUTES From Ft Colvile in December 1847, Boyd describes the spread of the measles to Kamloops and Ft Alexandria by early January 1848 (see Figures 1 and 2). To this, two additions can be made. First, there is 1 See A. J. Ray, "Diffusion of Diseases in the Western Interior of Canada, 1830-1850," Geograph ical Review 66 (1976): 139-157; C. D. Dollar, "The High Plains Smallpox Epidemic of 1837-38," Western Historical Quarterly 8 (1977): 15-38. -
George Simpson to John Mcloughlin, 1842
George Simpson to John McLoughlin, 1842 By Governor George Simpson Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) Governor George Simpson wrote this short letter to John McLoughlin, chief factor of the company’s Columbia Department, on April 27, 1842, to inform him of the recent murder of his son, John McLoughlin, Jr. “Young John” was chief trader of Fort Stikine, a fur-trading post rented from the Russian American Company on the southeast Alaskan coast. This typescripted version was edited by E. E. Rich and published in 1943 in The Letters of John McLoughlin from Fort Vancouver to the Governor and Committee, Second Series, 1839 – 44 John McLoughlin, Jr. was born on August 18, 1812. For most of his youth, he was raised apart from his father, primarily by his great-uncle, Simon Fraser. Although young John’s first appeal to join the ranks of the HBC was denied (by Simpson himself), his subsequent participation in James Dickson’s failed “Indian Liberating Army” in 1836 gave cause for Simpson to re-evaluate his earlier assessment. Simpson decided to offer young John, along with several other trouble-making “half-breeds” like him, positions in the company rather than have them unemployed and directionless within HBC trading territory. Young John was made chief trader of Fort Stikine during the spring of 1841. He was murdered there in April 1842. Simpson discovered the death of young John while on a tour of the Columbia Department’s coastal operations. Although his letter to McLoughlin was brief, Simpson’s depiction of the murder as “justifiable homicide” enraged the bereaved father. -
25 JUL 2021 Index Aaron Creek 17385 179 Aaron Island
26 SEP 2021 Index 401 Angoon 17339 �� � � � � � � � � � 287 Baranof Island 17320 � � � � � � � 307 Anguilla Bay 17404 �� � � � � � � � 212 Barbara Rock 17431 � � � � � � � 192 Index Anguilla Island 17404 �� � � � � � � 212 Bare Island 17316 � � � � � � � � 296 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Ser- Bar Harbor 17430 � � � � � � � � 134 vice � � � � � � � � � � � � 24 Barlow Cove 17316 �� � � � � � � � 272 Animas Island 17406 � � � � � � � 208 Barlow Islands 17316 �� � � � � � � 272 A Anita Bay 17382 � � � � � � � � � 179 Barlow Point 17316 � � � � � � � � 272 Anita Point 17382 � � � � � � � � 179 Barnacle Rock 17401 � � � � � � � 172 Aaron Creek 17385 �� � � � � � � � 179 Annette Bay 17428 � � � � � � � � 160 Barnes Lake 17382 �� � � � � � � � 172 Aaron Island 17316 �� � � � � � � � 273 Annette Island 17434 � � � � � � � 157 Baron Island 17420 �� � � � � � � � 122 Aats Bay 17402� � � � � � � � � � 277 Annette Point 17434 � � � � � � � 156 Bar Point Basin 17430� � � � � � � 134 Aats Point 17402 �� � � � � � � � � 277 Annex Creek Power Station 17315 �� � 263 Barren Island 17434 � � � � � � � 122 Abbess Island 17405 � � � � � � � 203 Appleton Cove 17338 � � � � � � � 332 Barren Island Light 17434 �� � � � � 122 Abraham Islands 17382 � � � � � � 171 Approach Point 17426 � � � � � � � 162 Barrie Island 17360 � � � � � � � � 230 Abrejo Rocks 17406 � � � � � � � � 208 Aranzazu Point 17420 � � � � � � � 122 Barrier Islands 17386, 17387 �� � � � 228 Adams Anchorage 17316 � � � � � � 272 Arboles Islet 17406 �� � � � � � � � 207 Barrier Islands 17433 -
Wrangell Island Analysis Report 1 Stikine Area United States Forest Service Wrangell Ranger District
Wrangell Island Analysis Report Report Overview The purpose of this report is to solicit public review and comment and provide a context for future project decisions on National Forest lands on Wrangell Island over the next ten years. It presents an overview of public comments, resource conditions, and possible projects (roads and access management, timber harvest, recreation). This report describes Wrangell Island old growth reserves and other management prescriptions designated by the Forest Plan (TLMP). It describes wildlife travel corridors and recreation use across the island. It includes the results of a watershed analysis that identified sensitive watersheds and important fisheries on the island. Within this framework of Forest Plan prescriptions, resource conditions, and human use, an interdisciplinary team has suggested projects including: · Recreation trails and shelters. · Timber harvest proposals of one to five million board feet that avoid the most sensitive watersheds and allow consideration of scenery and wildlife values. · Road access management that considers wildlife and fisheries while maintaining access to potential timber sales and popular recreation sites. This report is organized as follows: · An introduction explaining why we wrote this report and how we intend to use it. · A summary of public comment and highlights of a Wrangell Island Analysis conducted by the 1997 Wrangell High School Environmental Sciences Class. · A summary of landscape design objectives from the Forest Plan. · Descriptions of the seven landscape -
Kanaka World Travelers and Fur Company Employees, 1785-1860
Kanaka World Travelers and Fur Company Employees, 1785-1860 Janice K. Duncan Chinese, Japanese, and Negroes were not the only minority racial groups represented in the early history of Oregon Country (which included Oregon, Washington, parts of Idaho and Montana). Before approximately i860 many foreigners in the area were Hawaiian Islanders, called Sandwich Islanders, Owhyees and, most frequently, Kanakas. Hawaii was discovered in 1778 by Captain James Cook, who named the islands after his patron, the Earl of Sandwich. Within less than a decade after Cook's discovery the Islands had become a regular stop for merchant and whaling vessels needing fresh water and provisions, and many crew members remained in the newly discovered paradise.1 Cook's discovery also brought the natives of Hawaii a new outlet for their curiosity and for their excellent abilities on the sea. The ships that stopped in the Islands often were looking for additions to their crews, either as seamen or as personal servants for the officers or for the wives of merchant captains who often accompanied their husbands.2 In May 1787, the British ship Imperial Eagle took aboard an Hawaiian woman, to be the personal servant of the captain's wife, and she became the first recorded Islander to leave her homeland.3 In China the captain's wife decided to travel on to Europe, and Winee was left behind to return to the Islands. She found passage on the Nootka, then in the China Sea, and met an Hawaiian chief, Kaiona (Tianna), who had agreed to accom- pany John Meares aboard the Nootka when it left the Islands in August 1787.* There were two other Kanakas who boarded the Nootka with Winee.