Appendix C

Appendix C Roadless Areas

Table of Contents

Stikine Area 201 Fanshaw ...... C-6 202 Spires ...... C-8 204 Madan ...... C-10 205 Aaron ...... C-12 206 Cone ...... C-14 207 Harding ...... C-16 208 Bradfield ...... C-18 209 Anan ...... C-20 210 Frosty ...... C-22 211 North Kupreanof ...... C-24 212 Missionary ...... C-26 213 Five Mile ...... C-28 214 South Kupreanof ...... C-30 215 Castle ...... C-32 216 Lindenberg ...... C-34 217 Green Rocks ...... C-36 218 Woewodski ...... C-38 220 East Mitkof ...... C-40 223 Manzanita ...... C-42 224 Crystal ...... C-44 225 Kadin ...... C-46 227 North Wrangell ...... C-48 229 South Wrangell ...... C-50 231 Woronkofski ...... C-52 232 North Etolin ...... C-54 233 Mosman ...... C-56 234 South Etolin ...... C-58 235 West Zarembo ...... C-60 236 East Zarembo ...... C-62 237 South Zarembo ...... C-64 238 Kashevarof Islands ...... C-66 239 Keku ...... C-68 240 Security ...... C-70 241 North Kuiu ...... C-72 242 Camden ...... C-74 243 Rocky Pass ...... C-76 244 Bay of Pillars ...... C-78 245 East Kuiu ...... C-80 246 South Kuiu ...... C-82 247 East Wrangell ...... C-84 288 West Wrangell ...... C-86 289 Central Wrangell ...... C-88 290 Southeast Wrangell ...... C-90

i Appendix C

Table of Contents (cont’d)

Chatham Area 301 Juneau-Skagway Ice Field ...... C-92 302 Taku-Snettisham ...... C-94 303 Sullivan ...... C-96 304 Chilkat-west Lynn Canal ...... C-98 305 Juneau Urban ...... C-100 306 Mansfield Peninsula ...... C-102 307 Greens Creek ...... C-104 308 Windham-Port Houghton ...... C-106 310 Douglas Island ...... C-108 311 Chichagof ...... C-110 312 Trap Bay ...... C-112 313 Rhine ...... C-114 314 Point Craven ...... C-116 317 Point Augusta ...... C-118 318 Whitestone ...... C-120 319 Pavlof-East Point ...... C-122 321 Tenakee Ridge ...... C-124 323 Game Creek ...... C-126 325 Freshwater Bay ...... C-128 326 North Kruzof ...... C-130 327 Middle Kruzof ...... C-132 328 Hoonah Sound ...... C-134 329 South Kruzof ...... C-136 330 North Baranof ...... C-138 331 Sitka Urban ...... C-140 332 Sitka Sound ...... C-142 333 Redoubt ...... C-144 334 Point Alexander ...... C-146 338 Brabazon Addition ...... C-148 339 Yakutat Forelands ...... C-150 341 Upper Situk ...... C-152 342 Neka Mountain ...... C-154 343 Neka Bay ...... C-156

Ketchikan Area 501 Dall Island ...... C-158 502 Suemez Island ...... C-160 503 Outer Islands ...... C-162 504 Sukkwan ...... C-164 505 Soda Bay ...... C-166 507 Eudora ...... C-168 508 Christoval ...... C-170 509 Kogish ...... C-172 510 Karta ...... C-174 511 Thorne River ...... C-176 512 Ratz ...... C-178 514 Sarkar ...... C-180 515 Kosciusko ...... C-182 516 Calder ...... C-184 517 El Capitan ...... C-186 518 Salmon Bay ...... C-188

ii Appendix C

Table of Contents (cont’d)

519 McKenzie ...... C-190 520 Kasaan ...... C-192 521 Duke ...... C-194 522 Gravina ...... C-196 523 South Revilla ...... C-198 524 Revilla ...... C-200 525 Behm Islands ...... C-202 526 North Revilla ...... C-204 528 Cleveland ...... C-206 529 North Cleveland ...... C-208 530 Hyder ...... C-210 531 Nutkwa ...... C-212 532 Fake Pass ...... C-214 533 Hydaburg ...... C-216 534 Twelvemile Arm ...... C-218 535 Carroll ...... C-220 536 Kasaan Bay ...... C-222 577 Quartz ...... C-224

iii Appendix C

Appendix C Roadless Areas Analysis

Introduction

The purpose of Appendix C - Roadless Areas is to present a more detailed description and effects analysis of the areas of the Tongass National Forest that are in an unroaded and essentially undeveloped condition. There are 110 roadless areas outside of existing Wilderness totaling 9.4 million acres. As a result of the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act, 727,202 acres were legislated as LUD II and are included in the roadless area descriptions. Some 24,587 acres of the legislated LUD IIs are roaded. Identification and discussion of each of these 110 roadless areas is in response to direction found in Forest Service Manual 1923 and 2320 and 36 CFR 219.17.

Appendix C describes each area's attributes and resource potentials, evaluates the area's capability and availability for management as Wilderness or allocation to other roadless management prescriptions. Each roadless area is identified by a name and a number, e.g. "312 Trap Bay." The roadless areas are shown on the map called "Roadless Areas" in the map packet, and are identified on the map by the area's number.

Each roadless area description is divided into the following sections:

Description: The history, location and access, physiographic and biologic features, current resource uses, and appearance, surroundings, and attractions are described

Wilderness Potential: The presence or absence of wilderness characteristics, potential for solitude, and manageability and special features are identified.

Resources: The presence or absence of opportunities for resource uses, both extractive and non-extractive, are described. The relationship of each area to nearby areas and uses, and public interest in the potential management opportunities, are presented.

Consequences By Alternative: The acreage of each land use designation for each alternative is presented in this table.

The 110 roadless area descriptions are presented in the order of the following table. The table gives the National Forest acres and the number and percentage of acres tentatively suitable for timber harvest.

C-1 Appendix C

Tongass National Forest Roadless Areas

Tentatively Tentatively Roadless National Forest Suitable Forest Suitable Area Number Name Acres Lands Acres Percentage Stikine Area 201 Fanshaw 47,800 18,514 39 202 Spires 538,670 31,354 6 204 Madan 69,757 22,746 33 205 Aaron 78,863 6,759 9 206 Cone 128,574 3,788 3 207 Harding 175,139 19,586 11 208 Bradfield 197,228 5,697 3 209 Anan 37,893 0 0 210 Frosty 41,591 7,189 17 211 North Kupreanof 114,246 18,315 16 212 Missionary 16,705 4,662 28 213 Five Mile 19,198 4,959 26 214 South Kupreanof 217,206 46,659 22 215 Castle 49,799 11,112 22 216 Lindenberg 25,716 8,939 35 217 Green Rocks 10,699 3,560 33 218 Woewodski 10,176 5,118 50 220 East Mitkof 8,829 2,162 25 223 Manzanita 8,391 2,944 35 224 Crystal 18,613 5,684 31 225 Kadin 1,983 1,422 72 227 North Wrangell 7,863 2,861 36 229 South Wrangell 14,034 3,958 28 231 Woronkofski 11,095 4,286 39 232 North Etolin 41,423 14,205 34 233 Mosman 53,664 17,495 33 234 South Etolin 26,679 6,939 26 235 West Zarembo 6,666 1,696 25 236 East Zarembo 10,947 3,716 34 237 South Zarembo 36,238 10,150 28 238 Kashevarof Islands 4,697 0 0 239 Keku 8,538 3,307 39 240 Security 31,239 9,197 29 241 North Kuiu 6,273 3,688 59 242 Camden 36,888 13,656 37 243 Rocky Pass 77,179 26,919 35 244 Bay of Pillars 27,535 14,892 54 245 East Kuiu 27,576 10,322 37 246 South Kuiu 61,696 25,234 41 247 East Wrangell 7,721 3,320 43 288 West Wrangell 10,300 4,260 41 289 Central Wrangell 13,479 3,740 28 290 Southeast Wrangell 18,542 3,940 21

Total 2,357,348 418,950

C-2 Appendix C

Tongass National Forest Roadless Areas

Tentatively Tentatively Roadless National Forest Suitable Forest Suitable Area Number Name Acres Lands Acres Percentage Chatham Area 301 Juneau-Skagway Ice Field 1,191,195 25,826 2 302 Taku-Snettisham 682,624 56,713 8 303 Sullivan 56,237 7,365 13 304 Chilkat-west Lynn Canal 200,527 34,927 17 305 Juneau Urban 102,350 30,673 3 306 Mansfield Peninsula 54,773 22,742 42 307 Greens Creek 27,476 3,640 13 308 Windham-Port Houghton 162,390 73,864 46 310 Douglas Island 28,149 12,874 46 311 Chichagof 556,271 65,387 12 312 Trap Bay 13,359 1,655 12 313 Rhine 23,015 4,807 21 314 Point Craven 10,978 4,216 38 317 Point Augusta 15,399 7,679 50 318 Whitestone 5,720 2,240 39 319 Pavlof-East Point 5,500 3,740 68 321 Tenakee Ridge 20,562 3,920 19 323 Game Creek 54,434 15,916 29 325 Freshwater Bay 45,186 11,801 26 326 North Kruzof 32,687 9,992 31 327 Middle Kruzof 14,720 5,627 38 328 Hoonah Sound 80,868 4,756 6 329 South Kruzof 55,057 9,798 18 330 North Baranof 316,862 50,975 16 331 Sitka Urban 113,915 6,602 6 332 Sitka Sound 13,456 4,539 34 333 Redoubt 68,056 18,937 28 334 Point Alexander 125,051 18,167 15 338 Brabazon Addition 500,535 0 0 339 Yakutat Forelands 328,621 20,072 6 341 Upper Situk 18,224 4,544 25 342 Neka Mountain 6,186 1,141 18 343 Neka Bay 7,128 2,622 37

Total 4,937,511 547,755

C-3 Appendix C

Tongass National Forest Roadless Areas

Tentatively Tentatively Roadless National Forest Suitable Forest Suitable Area Number Name Acres Lands Acres Percentage Ketchikan Area 501 Dall Island 106,447 45,815 43 502 Suemez Island 19,489 7,446 38 503 Outer Islands 100,146 6,662 7 504 Sukkwan 44,806 12,245 27 505 Soda Bay 78,483 25,590 33 507 Eudora 195,884 61,547 31 508 Christoval 9,031 4,394 49 509 Kogish 65,500 19,215 29 510 Karta 49,799 12,075 24 511 Thorne River 74,372 21,347 29 512 Ratz 5,184 781 15 514 Sarkar 56,488 11,537 20 515 Kosciusko 64,936 8,791 14 516 Calder 10,438 1,084 10 517 El Capitan 27,126 5,249 19 518 Salmon Bay 23,763 2,112 9 519 McKenzie 84,284 21,792 26 520 Kasaan 7,593 2,546 34 521 Duke 44,818 5,750 13 522 Gravina 37,200 14,203 38 523 South Revilla 52,209 11,574 22 524 Revilla 39,896 5,256 17 525 Behm Islands 5,166 2,843 55 526 North Revilla 217,818 51,470 24 528 Cleveland 190,230 78,555 41 529 North Cleveland 109,004 31,547 29 530 Hyder 121,664 9,522 8 531 Nutkwa 52,961 15,690 30 532 Fake Pass 618 559 90 533 Hydaburg 11,350 1,020 9 534 Twelvemile Arm 38,176 9,982 26 535 Carroll 11,671 3,318 28 536 Kasaan Bay 7,247 1,802 25 577 Quartz 143,121 0 0

Total 2,097,918 513,319

Total Forest- 9,392,777 1,480,026 wide

C-4 Appendix C

Individual Roadless Area Descriptions

C-5 Appendix C

(201) Fanshaw National Forest acres: 47,800

Description The Fanshaw roadless area is located on the mainland at Cape Fanshaw and extends south to the North Arm of Farragaut Bay. The shoreline along Frederick Sound is exposed and often difficult to access. The area is characterized by four separate peaks and ridges with low-lying valleys in-between. The many bays provide good anchorages. The area was probably inhabited by Tlingit in prehistoric times; there was a fox farm in Fanshaw Bay during the 1930-40's. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include mountain goats, black bears, deer, and an occasional brown bear and moose; waterfowl use the limited grassflats at the head of the North Arm. There are seven ADF&G numbered salmon producing streams within the area. Attractions to the area include the 540-acre Research Natural Area near Fanshaw Bay established for protection and study of a stand of Alaska-cedar, which is not particularly unique. Cape Fanshaw is also known to be a good site for collecting the wild Sitka rose. There are no cabins and the area does not receive much use, except for anchorages in some of the bays.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified except for some evidence of an old fox farm. Potential There is a high opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying airplanes are infrequent and boat traffic is far enough offshore not to cause any distraction. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized recreation opportunities. There are no developed recreation facilities in the area, and the presence of bears also presents a degree of challenge and a need for woods skills and experience.

Resources The area contains 18,514 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. As there are no suitable sites for log transfer facilities in the area, the potential for managing timber depends on the development of a road system in the adjoining roadless area to the north. Development is not likely in the near future. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, trails, and cabins or shelters. Both fish and wildlife resource improvement projects are possible. There has been little interest on the part of any interest groups to retain the roadless character of this area.

C-6 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 201

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 00000047,780 0 Modified Landscape 0 9,094 6,638 9,094 9,094 0 0 6,420 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 7,904 0 0 0 0 12,024 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Remote Recreation 27,881 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RNA 614 634 634 634 634 634 0 634 Scenic Viewshed 0 16,938 11,531 16,938 16,938 0 0 9,104 Semi-Remote Recreation 19,285 20 20 20 20 0 0 595 Timber Production 0 21,093 21,054 21,093 21,093 47,146 0 19,003 Grand Total 47,800 47,799 47,801 47,799 47,799 47,800 47,800 47,800

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-7 Appendix C

(202) Spires National Forest acres: 538,670

Description The Spires roadless area is located on the mainland, from the Port Houghton drainage and Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness on the north to the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness on the south. The shoreline along Frederick Sound on the southwest is exposed and often difficult to access. The area is characterized as highly complex terrain dominated by rugged mountains, with deep valleys and numerous glaciers in-between. The Farragut and Thomas Bay areas were inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include mountain goat, black bear, deer, and an occasional brown bear and a moderate population of moose. Waterfowl use the extensive grassflats at the head of Farragut Bay and smaller areas around Thomas Bay. Thirteen ADF&G numbered salmon producing streams are present. Thomas and Farragut Bays are frequently used by small pleasure and commercial fishing boats. There are 4 recreation cabins and 3 improved trails. Moose hunting is popular during the fall, and there is some subsistence activity, primarily from Petersburg residents.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, except for the Muddy and lower Patterson River Potential valleys where logging has occurred. There is a high opportunity for solitude within the area. Low flying airplanes may briefly disrupt visitors, but passing boats are generally far enough offshore so as not to cause any distraction. The area provides primarily primitive, and semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized opportunity. The presence of bears also presents a degree of challenge and a need for woods skills and experience.

Resources The area contains 31,354 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is closely linked to the existing road system near Thomas Bay, or development of additional log transfer facilities in Thomas and Farragut Bays. Recreation potential includes additional outfitter/guide permits, trails, cabins, or shelters. There are several fish and wildlife resource enhancement projects planned for the area. The Scenery Lake and Swan Lake drainages have been identified by the Federal Power Commission as potential hydropower generation sites and are withdrawn from other management considerations. There are two existing special-use permits in the area. Mineral development potential is not high. Local Petersburg residents have a high degree of interest in how this area is managed. There was a strong protest when the State considered subdividing and selling land in Thomas Bay.

C-8 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 202

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 ANILCA Additions 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,747 0 LUD I Release 0 0 0 0 0 0 259,066 0 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,584 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,215 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,038 0 Modified Landscape 0 13,157 13,057 13,157 13,157 0 0 12,517 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 11,223 0 0 0 0 7,238 Other1 20 60 60 60 60 20 20 60 Remote Recreation 392,449 0 0 0 0 249,099 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 22,541 17,092 22,541 22,541 0 0 16,044 Semi-Remote Recreation 85,489 456,379 456,379 456,379 453,858 0 0 456,379 Special Interest Area 12,492 13,892 13,892 13,892 16,414 13,291 0 13,892 Timber Production 0 19,485 13,812 19,485 19,485 276,260 0 19,384 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 48,219 13,156 13,156 13,156 13,156 0 0 13,156 Grand Total 538,669 538,670 538,671 538,670 538,671 538,670 538,670 538,670

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-9 Appendix C

(204) Madan National Forest acres: 69,757

Description The Madan roadless area is located on the mainland and is bounded on the north by the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness, on the west by the Eastern Passage, on the south by Blake Channel, and on the east by the Aaron Creek divide. There are accessible shorelines for landing small craft and floatplanes when weather conditions are favorable. The area is generally characterized as highly-complex terrain dominated by rugged mountains with deep, broad valleys in-between. Dominant waterforms include a relatively small glacier which occupies the highest mountains, Virginia Lake, and the waterfall on Mill Creek. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include mountain goats, black bear, deer and an occasional brown bear or moose. Even though there are seven ADF&G numbered fish streams in the area, salmon production is generally low. Some subsistence fishing occurs on Mill Creek for sockeye salmon. There are two recreation cabins and one short maintained trail in the area. Attractions include Virginia Lake and the opportunity to observe and study petroglyphs on the beach near Mill Creek.

Wilderness The majority of this area is natural appearing and unmodified, except for cabin Potential sites, the trail, and a fish pass at the mouth of Mill Creek. There is moderate to high opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying aircraft may disrupt visitors for brief periods, but boats passing by are generally far enough offshore so as not to cause any distraction. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 22,746 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. A preliminary timber analysis showed that timber values, overall, were not sufficient to warrant further investment at this time. Recreation potential includes additional outfitter/guide permits, trails, cabins, or shelters. Virginia Lake recreation cabin is being considered for conversion to barrier-free accessibility. Both fish and wildlife resource enhancement projects have potential. The Virginia Lake drainage has been identified as a potential hydropower generation site and is withdrawn from competing management. Native land selections include a four-acre Sealaska historical site at Green Point. Part of the 9,910-acre Zimovia Strait/Eastern Passage State selection is in this area. There are numerous mining claims and one group has been patented, but development potential is unknown. Wrangell residents have a high degree of interest in maintaining the integrity of the area around Virginia Lake, but many would like to see development in other parts of the area, including a road link between Wrangell and the Canadian highway system.

C-10 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 204

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD I Release 0000001,342 0 LUD III 00000068,274 0 LUD IV 0000001400 Modified Landscape 0 19,803 19,543 19,803 19,803 0 0 18,563 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 8,821 00005,783 Other1 060606060200180 Remote Recreation 44,169 000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 30,909 22,488 30,909 30,909 0 0 22,606 Semi-Remote Recreation 22,508 000000140 Timber Production 0 15,804 15,663 15,804 15,804 69,737 0 19,304 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 3,081 3,181 3,181 3,181 3,181 0 0 3,181 Grand Total 69,758 69,757 69,756 69,757 69,757 69,757 69,756 69,757

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-11 Appendix C

(205) Aaron National Forest acres: 78,863

Description The Aaron roadless area is located on the mainland and is bounded on the north by the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness and on the west, south and east by other roadless areas. There are 10 miles of shoreline at Blake Channel, including Berg Bay which is good anchorage for small boats. The area is dominated by rugged mountains, with deep, broad valleys in-between with several sizable streams which ultimately feed into the main channel of Aaron Creek. Small glaciers occupy the highest mountains, Aaron Creek, and numerous small cirque lakes. The area was used by the Tlingit in prehistoric times. Recent use includes extensive prospecting, and log raft storage on the grassflats at Aaron Creek. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include mountain goats, black bears, deer, wolves, and an occasional brown bear or moose. Aaron Creek produces chum, coho, and king salmon. Some subsistence activities occur in the area. There is a popular cabin at Berg Bay and a trail at Aaron Creek. Overall, the area provides spectacular scenery.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, except for minor impacts from mining and the Potential cabin site. There is a high opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying aircraft follow Blake Channel and boats frequent Berg Bay, but generally a person camped inland would not see others. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 6,759 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Potential for managing timber is closely linked to the development of an access road up the main river valley and the development of a log transfer facility. There is potential for additional trails and shelters located at high elevations. Wildlife enhancement opportunities include slashing portions of the older, decadent willow to promote new growth for moose, and improvement of habitat for waterfowl. There are numerous mining claims in the area, but potential for development is unknown. The valley is a potential road route to link the community of Wrangell to the Canadian highway system. The log storage area at the mouth of Aaron Creek is under special-use permit with the State. Local Wrangell residents have a moderate degree of interest in maintaining the integrity of the area. Some would like to see development, while others support maintaining the roadless character of the area for wildlife and scenic values.

C-12 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 205

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 00000033,937 0 LUD III 000000200 LUD IV 00000044,907 0 Modified Landscape 0 40 40 40 40 0 0 40 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 0 0 20 Remote Recreation 61,923 200 200 200 200 0 0 60 Scenic Viewshed 0 60 60 60 60 0 0 40 Semi-Remote Recreation 5,120 78,543 78,543 78,543 78,543 20,618 0 67,423 Timber Production 0000058,245 0 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 11,800 00000011,280 Grand Total 78,863 78,863 78,863 78,863 78,863 78,863 78,864 78,863

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-13 Appendix C

(206) Cone National Forest acres: 128,574

Description The Cone roadless area is located on the mainland and is landlocked. It is bounded on the north by the Canadian border, on the west by the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness and on the rest by roadless areas. The area is dominated by rugged mountains with deep, narrow valleys in-between containing several sizable streams which ultimately feed into the Stikine and Iskut Rivers. Dominant waterforms include the high velocity streams and small glaciers which occupy the highest mountains. Access is by foot or helicopter. Since the area drains entirely into Canada and is accessible only with great difficulty from the Alaskan side, there has been little use of the area in the past. Alpine vegetation dominates above an elevation of 2,500 feet. Below that elevation, the steep mountain sides are heavily marked with snowslide and landslide paths which are typically covered with grass, alders and willows. Wildlife include mountain goats, black and brown bears, and moose. There are no facilities of any kind, and the area gets little use. The attractions to the area include its natural features, remoteness, and solitude.

Wilderness The area is unmodified. Activities on the Canadian side of the border are most Potential likely to influence this area, such as the possibility of mining or a dam on the Iskut River. There is high opportunity for solitude within the area, with only an occasional low-flying aircraft to disturb one's sense of solitude. The area provides primarily primitive recreation opportunities. The difficult access and presence of bears present a high degree of physical challenge and a need for woods skills and experience.

Resources The area contains 3,788 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There is no potential for managing timber in this area without road access. The nature of the steep slopes and scattered timber make it doubtful that timber harvest would be economical even if a road were financed by other sources. Recreation potential for increased use or facility development is low until access is improved. There are several invalid mining claims in the area and potential for development of new claims is unknown. A 69 KV powerline has been authorized for construction and the portion that traverses the headwaters of the Craig River would be in this area. Two possible routes between saltwater and the Canadian highway system include portions of this area. Local Wrangell residents have a high degree of interest in this road system. Presently, there is virtually no local use of the area.

C-14 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 206

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,574 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 20 20 20 20 0 0 0 Other1 0404040400 0 40 Remote Recreation 128,574 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 0 128,434 128,434 128,434 128,434 128,574 0 128,454 Timber Production 0 80 80 80 80 0 0 80 Grand Total 128,574 128,574 128,574 128,574 128,574 128,574 128,574 128,574

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-15 Appendix C

(207) Harding National Forest acres: 175,139

Description The Harding roadless area is located on the mainland and is bounded on the west by Blake Channel, on the southeast by Misty Fiords National Monument, and by other roadless areas on all other sides. The Bradfield Canal bisects the area. The area is generally dominated by rugged mountains, with deep, narrow valleys in-between containing several sizable streams which ultimately feed into Blake Channel or Bradfield Canal. Dominant waterforms include numerous streams, several lakes covering a total area of about 1,000 acres, and relatively small glaciers on the highest mountains. The area was used by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A small population of mountain goats ranges over the area, as do black and brown bears, and moose. The shoreline is mostly rocky and receives little recreation use. There are two recreation cabins on inland lakes and one at saltwater near the mouth of Harding River. There is no known subsistence use in the area. Attractions include the natural features of the area and high quality fishing.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified except for the Tyee powerline, minor timber Potential harvest conducted in 1955, and planned and approved timber harvest on the north shore of Bradfield Canal. There is a high opportunity for solitude within the area. The sound of low-flying aircraft or the sight of boats might be the only invasions on solitude. The area provides primarily primitive recreation opportunities. The difficult land access and the presence of bears offer a high degree of challenge and a need for woods skills and experience.

Resources The area contains 19,586 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent upon market values and the development of harvest methods which do not require extensive roading. It will also require numerous log transfer facilities sites. Recreation potential includes additional outfitter/guide permits, trails, cabins or shelters. There is potential for various fish and wildlife enhancement projects in the area. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. A 138 KV powerline under special-use permit crosses part of the area south of Bradfield Canal and there is the potential for development of another one. Most use of the area is associated with commercial fishing in Bradfield Canal and Blake Channel and with sport fishing in some of the major streams in the area. There has been some interest by residents of Wrangell in limiting the number of outfitter/guides in the area.

C-16 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 207

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 115,448 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,571 0 Modified Landscape 0 8,264 8,123 8,264 8,264 0 0 13,486 Old Growth Habitat 0 37,181 40,181 37,181 37,181 0 0 3,141 Remote Recreation 131,963 20,387 20,387 20,387 20,387 0 0 22,467 Scenic Viewshed 0 5,139 2,440 5,139 5,139 0 0 5,139 Semi-Remote Recreation 29,510 76,977 76,977 76,977 76,977 0 0 113,778 Timber Production 0 19,870 19,709 19,870 19,870 175,019 0 11,406 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 13,545 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200 0 0 5,601 Grand Total 175,138 175,138 175,137 175,138 175,138 175,139 175,139 175,138

C-17 Appendix C

(208) Bradfield National Forest acres: 197,228

Description The Bradfield roadless area is located on the mainland and is bounded on the east and southeast by Misty Fiords National Monument, on the west by the Harding Roadless Area, and by the Canadian border on a minor portion of the northeast side. The area at the mouth of the Bradfield River, and areas extending up the valley bottoms of both forks of that river, have been extensively roaded and harvested and are excluded from the boundaries of this roadless area. The area is dominated by rugged mountains, with deep, narrow valleys containing the high-energy Bradfield and White Rivers which feed the head of Bradfield Canal. There are relatively small glaciers, numerous streams, waterfalls, and a small hot spring in the area. The area may have been used by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include brown and black bear, mountain goats, moose, and bald eagles. The Bradfield River is important for producing salmon and steelhead. There are no public recreation facilities in the area, but brown bear, waterfowl and goat hunting is popular.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the harvest areas mentioned above. There is a Potential high opportunity for solitude within the area. Boats and low-flying airplanes are common and may be observed in this area. Present recreation use levels are low except around the grassflats at the mouths of the rivers. The area provides primarily primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 5,697 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The timber remaining for harvest in the area is in areas where high development costs will preclude development for the immediate future. There is potential for outfitter and guide permits, trails, cabins and shelters in the area. There is potential for waterfowl enhancement and browse regeneration for moose. The area generally has a low minerals rating although the White River drainage is rated fairly high. A support camp and a power generating plant are under special-use permit near the head of Bradfield Canal. Authorization has been given for a 69 KV power transmission line up the North Fork of the Bradfield River to the Canadian border. The State has appropriated $150,000 to complete an Environmental Impact Statement addressing the impacts associated with a road up the North Fork. Interest has developed from both the Canadian and Alaska State governments for a potential road access to Canada through this area.

C-18 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 208

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,666 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 127,562 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 120 540 120 120 0 0 11,566 Remote Recreation 188,286 27,322 27,322 27,322 27,322 0 0 27,322 Semi-Remote Recreation 5,584 42,264 42,264 42,264 42,264 0 0 42,464 Timber Production 0 127,522 127,102 127,522 127,522 197,228 0 115,876 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 3,357 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 197,227 197,228 197,228 197,228 197,228 197,228 197,228 197,228

C-19 Appendix C

(209) Anan National Forest acres: 37,893

Description The Anan roadless area is located on the mainland and has six miles of shoreline on Ernest Sound, but is otherwise surrounded by other roadless areas. The area is dominated by rounded mountains and hills, between which are deep, narrow valleys containing two forks of Anan Creek and two long, narrow lakes. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric times and several cultural sites are known. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The largest concentration of black bears in southeast Alaska exist here, as well as brown bear, bald eagles and other birds which concentrate here due to the fish runs, and goats. Anan Creek produces the most pink salmon of any stream on the Stikine Area. There is one recreation cabin, a bear observatory, and trails up both forks of the creek. The area at the mouth of Anan Creek receives heavy use by people (including many from Wrangell, Petersburg, and Ketchikan) who come to camp, fish, and observe the wildlife. Good anchorage, frequently used by outfitter/guides, is found off the mouth of the creek. Salmon have been gathered from this area for subsistence use in the past. A fish ladder at the bear observatory is managed by ADF&G.

Wilderness Most of the area appears natural and unmodified, except for the facilities at the mouth of Anan Creek which are constructed of natural materials. Continued public demand and increases in use will likely chip away at the area's natural integrity. There is a low opportunity for solitude in the bay, but opportunity increases as one moves away from the mouth of the creek, or in the off season. The area provides primarily primitive recreation opportunities. Travel on land is difficult, offering a high degree of physical challenge.

Resources The area does not contain any tentatively suitable forest land. There are no plans to harvest timber in the area. The area was proposed as wilderness in Congressional legislation, but instead the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 38,073 acres as the Anan LUD II. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, trails, cabins or shelters, as well as for improvements to existing facilities for barrier-free access. Potential trails have been identified to improve fish access into the two large lakes in the upper watershed and provide for extended hiking opportunities to Frosty Bay. Public demand to observe the black bear concentrations has increased dramatically. Levels of disturbance to bears are being determined along with future recreation goals for the area. The 138 KV Tyee power transmission line crosses the north edge of the area. A Native historic site has been selected in the Anan Bay area.

C-20 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 209

Sum of Acres Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 37,873 37,853 37,853 37,853 37,853 37,853 37,873 37,853 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 20 000020 Scenic Viewshed 0 40 20 40 40 0 0 20 Semi-Remote Recreation 20 0 0 0000 0 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 Grand Total 37,893 37,893 37,893 37,893 37,893 37,893 37,893 37,893

C-21 Appendix C

(210) Frosty National Forest acres: 41,591

Description The Frosty roadless area is located on the mainland and is bounded on the west by Ernest Sound and Seward Passage, and by other roadless areas on three sides. The area near Frosty Bay and Frosty Creek has recently been roaded and harvested and is excluded from the boundaries of this roadless area. The area is generally characterized as complex terrain dominated by rounded mountains and hills rising steeply from saltwater, between which are low valleys containing short streams. Frosty and Sunny Bays provide good anchorages. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric times. In the 1930-40's there were salmon canneries located at Point Ward and in Santa Anna Inlet. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include black and brown bears, wolves, deer, and some goat. Geese nest in Frosty Creek, and swans winter at Lake Helen in Santa Anna Inlet. Lake Helen is also a popular sport fishing site for resident trout. Generally this area is not a large producer of anadromous fish. Trapping occurs along the beach fringe. There are no public recreation facilities except Frosty Cabin within the exclusion and inland use is light. There is no known subsistence use in the area.

Wilderness The area has been modified with a minor timber harvest in Frosty Bay which took place about 30 years ago, some cannery remains, and the recent roading and harvesting mentioned above including a log transfer facility in Frosty Bay. There is a high opportunity for solitude away from these developments within the area, especially when one moves away from the beach a short distance. Boats or airplanes passing by or entering one of the bays may be observed, but such influences are not widespread. The area provides primarily opportunities for primitive recreation. Travel on land is difficult, offering a high degree of physical challenge.

Resources The area contains 7,189 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. As mentioned above, a timber sale was harvested in the Frosty drainage with construction of a log transfer facility near the mouth of Frosty Bay. There is potential for outfitter/ guide permits. Trails to some of the lakes and additional cabins and shelters have been identified which would provide for extended hiking opportunities to Anan Bay. There is potential for fish and wildlife resource projects, but none are planned. The area has a low minerals rating and there are no known mining claims.

C-22 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 210

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 0000000220 LUD II 0000004,362 0 LUD IV 00000037,229 0 Modified Landscape 0 14,070 12,790 14,070 14,070 0 0 12,108 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 3,423 00008,635 Remote Recreation 1,283 000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 4,362 4,121 4,362 4,362 0 0 3,901 Semi-Remote Recreation 39,003 000000400 Timber Production 0 22,175 20,273 22,175 22,175 41,591 0 16,327 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 1,305 984 984 984 984 0 0 0 Grand Total 41,591 41,591 41,591 41,591 41,591 41,591 41,591 41,591

C-23 Appendix C

(211) North Kupreanof National Forest acres: 114,246

Description North Kupreanof roadless area is located on the north end of Kupreanof Island adjoining the community of Kake to the west, and South Kupreanof roadless area and the Petersburg Creek-Duncan Salt Chuck Wilderness to the south. Frederick Sound forms the northern boundary. Landforms along this area are characterized by uniformly rolling lowlands. Bohemia Ridge provides topographic relief to essentially flat terrain. Muskeg/scrub timber complexes on wet areas are extensive, while timbered slopes are typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Traditional and subsistence uses have been concentrated around the lower reaches of Cathedral Falls Creek and the Hamilton River, but there are no known unique cultural or historic resources in the area. The majority of this area has low habitat qualities, but there are deer, moose, waterfowl and black bear. The areas immediately adjacent to saltwater or major creeks are valued for recreation uses such as black bear and waterfowl hunting, camping, sport fishing, as well as subsistence activities. The adjacency of this area to Kake, and to planned timber sales in Portage Bay area, will influence the future management of this area.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, although adjacent harvest activities are evident in some areas. There is a high opportunity for solitude in the area. Use of floatplanes and powerboats may be present for brief periods. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 18,315 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Timber values are generally low and development costs, though moderate, are still high for economical development. The Bohemia Mountain Timber Sale is planned for the east side of the roadless area. Recreation potential in this area is moderate, reflecting its proximity to Kake. The area could be accessed by foot from the adjacent road system, with appropriate trail development. There is potential for fish enhancement projects. Moose and deer habitat improvement projects are planned for the area. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development potential. A proposed 240 acres have been selected by the State. The area is of concern to local residents of Kake as future timber sales may provide employment and other opportunities. If a road connection from Kake to Petersburg identified by the state were built, it would cross this roadless area.

C-24 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 211

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,875 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 111,371 0 Modified Landscape 0 2,237 2,237 2,237 2,237 0 0 2,237 Municipal Watershed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 857 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 13,598 0 13,338 0 0 22,319 Other1 20 0 0 0 260 600 0 0 Remote Recreation 7,779 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 580 580 580 580 0 0 580 Semi-Remote Recreation 59,345 140 140 140 140 0 0 16,492 Timber Production 40,879 111,289 97,691 111,289 97,691 113,646 0 71,761 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 6,223 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 114,246 114,246 114,246 114,246 114,246 114,246 114,246 114,246

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-25 Appendix C

(212) Missionary National Forest acres: 16,705

Description The Missionary roadless area is located on the northern portion of the Lindenberg Peninsula, on Kupreanof Island, about 12 miles northwest of Petersburg. It has a short stretch of shoreline on Frederick Sound to the east, while from Portage Bay to the west, a logging road system accesses three sides. The area is characterized by steep slopes, glacial cirque lakes, and an alpine ridge line. There are four lakes high on the flanks of the mountains. The area was once inhabited by the Stikine Tlingit, although there are no cultural resource sites in evidence. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include Sitka black-tailed deer and black bear. Fishing and hunting are the main recreational uses in the area, but deer hunting has been closed for the last fifteen years. Most use is concentrated along the outside edges which are accessible by roads, but overall use levels are low. There is some subsistence use in the area. Special features might include the uncommon grayling found in one small lake in the region and an unusual mineral outcrop near the east side of the area.

Wilderness The area itself is unmodified, however its overall integrity is not considered pristine Potential due to the adjacent roads and timber harvests. The irregular shape of the area, and penetration of roads and timber harvest up the Todahl Creek Valley, also have likely impacted the area's natural integrity. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Air, boat, and vehicle traffic may be heard in the area, and timber harvest activities are heard when they do occur. The area provides semi-primitive recreation opportunity. There are no developed recreation opportunities in this area.

Resources The area contains 4,662 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on market values. A road system and/or logging systems would be necessary, and nearby roads could be extended to accomplish much of this. There is some potential for outfitter/guide permits, trails, and cabins and/or shelters. There is some potential for adjacent recreation activities to spill into the area, such as mountain biking or off-road vehicle use. No fish or wildlife habitat improvement projects are planned. The area has low minerals development potential. Numerous special-use permits exist within parts of this area, including a Coast Guard reservation. Roads, logging camp, log dump, and public recreation cabin are adjacent to the roadless area to the west.

C-26 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 212

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,983 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,722 0 Modified Landscape 0 4,581 4,581 4,581 4,581 0 0 3,601 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 00006,141 Scenic Viewshed 0 4,902 4,902 4,902 4,902 0 0 3,682 Semi-Remote Recreation 7,983 0 0 00000 Timber Production 8,721 7,221 7,221 7,221 7,221 16,705 0 3,280 Grand Total 16,704 16,704 16,704 16,704 16,704 16,705 16,705 16,704

C-27 Appendix C

(213) Five Mile National Forest acres: 19,198

Description The Five Mile roadless area lies along the eastern shore of the Lindenberg Peninsula on Kupreanof Island at Five Mile Creek, and includes the Sukoi Islets in Frederick Sound. Areas to the north are defined by roads and harvest areas, and the south is bounded by Petersburg Creek-Duncan Salt Chuck Wilderness. Petersburg lies five miles to the south across Wrangell Narrows. Landforms along this area are characterized by a glacier-fed stream, Five Mile Creek, and steeply-rising mountain slopes. Several historic resources exist in this area. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The areas immediately adjacent to saltwater or major creeks are valued for recreation uses such as black bear hunting, hiking, fishing, and beach combing. Two trails exist in this area, both beginning at saltwater, which are used primarily by Petersburg residents. The Sukoi Islands lie in a primary marine route for pleasure and commercial boat traffic, including the Alaska State ferries, and have good anchorages themselves.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified. External influences include the roaded northern Potential end of the peninsula, heavy boat traffic in Frederick Sound, and the community of Kupreanof to the southeast. There is high opportunity for solitude in this area away from these areas. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 4,959 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There are good timber values in this area, however high roading costs and high scenic values will need to be recognized. Recreation potential for the area is moderate to high, including additional trails, cabins or shelters. The area displays a wide variety of setting in a compact area that is easily accessible from Petersburg and Kupreanof. Wildlife habitat improvement projects, such as browse enhancement, have potential. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development potential. There is continued interest in future road access from Kake to Kupreanof and Petersburg, which would require access through this area. Fifty acres of this area are private landholdings, and 600 acres are proposed for State land selection. A special-use permit exists for an electronics site on top of Petersburg Mountain.

C-28 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 213

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,637 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,561 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,400 1,360 1,400 1,360 0 0 1,300 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 380 00001,899 Other1 0 20 20 20 400 0 0 20 Remote Recreation 5,280 0 0 00000 Scenic Viewshed 0 9,478 9,278 9,478 9,278 0 0 7,679 Semi-Remote Recreation 8,117 1,819 1,819 1,819 1,819 0 0 1,819 Timber Production 5,801 6,481 6,341 6,481 6,341 19,198 0 6,481 Grand Total 19,198 19,198 19,198 19,198 19,198 19,198 19,198 19,198

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-29 Appendix C

(214) South Kupreanof National Forest acres: 217,206

Description The South Kupreanof roadless area is generally surrounded by other roadless areas, except on the northeast corner where it adjoins the Petersburg Creek-Duncan Salt Chuck Wilderness area. Technically, it doesn't reach the southern shoreline along Sumner Strait, due to the presence of clearcutting and roads which occurred in the 1960-70's. There are a few good anchorages along the southern shore, and also within Duncan Canal. The area is low-lying, rolling terrain with little relief. The southern shorelines and along Duncan Canal were probably used extensively by the Tlingit, although there is only incidental evidence, such as pitch trees. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer and moose which appear to be a growing population. The area contains either the entire stream or the headwaters of approximately twenty ADF&G numbered salmon producing streams. Generally, this area is a good producer of anadromous fish. Attractions include the areas immediately adjacent to saltwater or major creeks which are highly valued for recreation uses such as black bear and waterfowl hunting, camping, trapping, beach combing, and sport fishing. Stone columns produced by erosion formed the "totems" at the head of Totem Bay. Overall, the area receives light recreational use. There are two public recreation cabins.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, except for the southern beach areas which have Potential been heavily harvested and roaded and are seen by ferry and cruiseship passengers. There is a high opportunity for solitude in the area. Use of floatplanes and motorboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 46,659 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The North Irish Timber Sale activities will continue in the northern half of VCU 429. Additional timber sale offerings are likely in the next 10 to 15 years. Overall recreation potential for the area is low as activities are limited. There is potential for some fish and wildlife habitat enhancement projects. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development potential in the area. Three VCUs were identified as part of the West Duncan proposed wilderness in Congressional legislation, but were not included in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. There is high interest by local users in maintaining Duncan Canal in its natural state for recreational use, although remaining lowlands are lacking interest to the average user.

C-30 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 214

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 339 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,639 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 188,228 0 Modified Landscape 0 4,088 3,968 4,088 3,968 0 0 3,968 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 1,181 0 1,101 0 0 30,242 Other1 000080000 Remote Recreation 13,685 240 240 240 240 0 0 240 Scenic Viewshed 0 838 718 838 718 0 0 718 Semi-Remote Recreation 188,062 12,504 12,504 12,504 12,504 0 0 12,544 Timber Production 0 199,536 198,595 199,536 198,595 217,206 0 169,493 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 15,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 217,207 217,206 217,206 217,206 217,206 217,206 217,206 217,205

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-31 Appendix C

(215) Castle National Forest acres: 49,799

Description The Castle roadless area is located along the southwest shore of Duncan Canal on the southeast corner of Kupreanof Island. It is just north of Kah Sheets Bay, and includes Castle River Estuary and flats. Technically, the area does not reach the shoreline along Kah Sheets Bay or Little Duncan Bay due to the presence of timber harvest and roading which occurred in the mid 1970's. Its western boundary is another roadless area. The community of Petersburg lies 20 miles to the northeast. The area is characterized by uniformly-rolling to moderately-steep hills, with fairly extensive areas of lowlands in-between. The shorelines along the southern boundary and along Duncan Canal were probably used by the Tlingit. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include some deer, black bear, waterfowl, and a growing moose population. Castle River and Kah Sheets are noted for good spring steelhead fishing, and coho fishing in the late summer. There are four recreation cabins and three developed trails, some of which are planked, in the area and recreation use is fairly intense. The areas immediately adjacent to saltwater or major creeks are highly valued for recreation uses such as black bear and waterfowl hunting, camping, beach combing, and sport fishing. There are a series of small islands off the mouth of Castle River which have limestone cliffs and caves.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified and appears natural along Duncan Canal, except for the harvested area along the beach. There is high opportunity for solitude in the area, except around the cabins and trails. Use of floatplanes and motorboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 11,112 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent upon the development of high market values and the development of less expensive access methods. Recreation potential for the area is high due to its proximity on relatively sheltered waters to Petersburg. There is potential for additional cabins, trails, and outfitter/guide permits. Both fish and wildlife enhancement projects have been identified. A barite mine operated in the 1960-70's, but there are no active claims today. Private lands make up 5.3 acres of this area. Most of the area was considered for designation in Congressional legislation but was not adopted in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. High interest exists by local users in maintaining Duncan Canal in a natural state for recreational use.

C-32 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 215

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 00000031,078 0 LUD IV 00000018,701 0 Modified Landscape 0 15,649 12,072 15,649 12,072 0 0 8,834 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 7,534 0 7,534 0 0 10,651 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Remote Recreation 1,998 000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 9,014 5,058 9,014 5,058 0 0 5,177 Semi-Remote Recreation 42,024 12,050 12,050 12,050 12,050 0 0 12,050 Timber Production 0 9,608 9,608 9,608 9,608 49,779 0 9,608 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 5,757 3,457 3,457 3,457 3,457 0 0 3,457 Grand Total 49,799 49,798 49,799 49,798 49,799 49,799 49,799 49,797

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-33 Appendix C

(216) Lindenberg National Forest acres: 25,716

Description The Lindenberg roadless area lies inland on the Lindenberg Peninsula on Kupreanof Island, directly south of the Petersburg Creek-Duncan Salt Chuck Wilderness. The city of Petersburg lies one mile to the east across Wrangell Narrows, and the city of Kupreanof and State land are adjacent to the east side of the area. The area is characterized by steep mountain slopes divided by two major drainages, Duncan Creek and Coho Creek. This area was within the former territory of the Stikine Tlingit which is evidenced by campsites, fort sites, garden areas, and fish weirs. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, moose, and waterfowl. The areas immediately adjacent to saltwater or major creeks are valued for recreation uses such as black bear hunting, hiking, beach combing and sport fishing. The Duncan Canal Portage Trail, which is not an official trail, provides one of the few extended hiking opportunities in the area. This loop trail of about 30 miles includes the adjacent Wilderness and ties in numerous recreation amenities, including encountering numerous ecotypes in one area. This area is adjacent to the community of Kupreanof, and to land owned by State of Alaska and Petersburg which will most likely lead to continued development of homesites, which may not be compatible to long-term roadless maintenance of the area.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, although areas adjacent to private land are Potential likely to change in character as development occurs. There is a high opportunity for solitude in the area, except around specific recreation areas. Use of floatplanes and powerboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 8,939 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent upon the development of stable market values and the ability to develop cost effective transportation of logs. Recreation potential for the area is high, due to the proximity to Petersburg and the adjacent Wilderness. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, and the development of cabins and/or shelters. Additional opportunities for trails would create more loop options. Browse, winter range, and waterfowl habitat improvement projects are planned for the area. Three recreation cabin special-use permits are present. The State has selected 3,515 acres at Coho Creek. Many local residents want this area to remain unroaded and undeveloped as long as possible.

C-34 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 216

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,619 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,057 0 Modified Landscape 0 5,979 5,959 5,979 5,959 0 0 5,239 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 520 00002,480 Other1 0 0 0 0 520 40 40 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 6,239 6,239 6,239 6,239 0 0 6,239 Semi-Remote Recreation 25,716 0 0 0000 0 Timber Production 0 13,498 12,998 13,498 12,998 25,676 0 11,758 Grand Total 25,716 25,716 25,716 25,716 25,716 25,716 25,716 25,716

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-35 Appendix C

(217) Green Rocks National Forest acres: 10,699

Description The Green Rocks roadless area is located on the Lindenberg Peninsula on Kupreanof Island, adjacent to Wrangell Narrows and Duncan Canal. Extensive roading and logging exist to the north. The area is comprised of one major drainage and several small ones, and is characterized by rolling, subdued topography and extensive muskeg areas. The area was used by the Stikine Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times as is evidenced by the remains of a village site, fort site, and several fish weirs. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, black bear, and moose. Green Rocks Lake, Green Rocks Trail, and several popular waterfowl hunting areas provide the great attraction to the recreating public. Land adjacent to this area was selected by the State of Alaska, which then sold numerous parcels through the land lottery programs. Many of these land owners have built permanent residences on their property.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the existing recreation cabins, residences, and Potential trail. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying airplanes, Alaska State ferries which travel within one-quarter mile of the area, and other boaters may be observed by people in this area. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 3,560 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this roadless area is dependent on the development of a road system or harvest methods which do not require extensive roading, although one log transfer facility may be needed. There is potential for additional outfitter and guide permits, and for developed trails and cabins or shelters. Browse, winter range, and waterfowl habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development potential. The State was conveyed about 2,000 acres concentrated near the shoreline; some of these are currently private landholdings.

C-36 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 217

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,701 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,998 0 Modified Landscape 0 2,719 1,120 2,719 1,120 0 0 200 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 8,079 0 8,079 0 0 9,759 Scenic Viewshed 0 6,741 861 6,741 861 0 0 340 Semi-Remote Recreation 10,699 0 0 0000 0 Timber Production 0 1,239 640 1,239 640 10,699 0 400 Grand Total 10,699 10,699 10,700 10,699 10,700 10,699 10,699 10,699

C-37 Appendix C

(218) Woewodski National Forest acres: 10,176

Description The Woewodski roadless area is located on Woewodski Island, south of Kupreanof Island where the Wrangell Narrows and Duncan Canal meet. The island is comprised of four major drainages, flat muskegs to the northeast, and Harvey Lake in the northwest. The area is close to Petersburg on relatively sheltered waters. The area was used by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. The area is unique in its extent of mineral wealth, including gold. Various companies have held rights to the island's mineral wealth since the early 1900's. The area is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include black bear and a small population of deer. There are two recreation cabins, and on trail connecting Harvey Lake to Duncan Canal. In the summer, fishing for silver salmon takes place around the cabin. The area is primarily used for recreational purposes, with Petersburg residents and those from the Beechers Pass homesites making use of the trail and cabins. There is no known subsistence use in the area. Special features include its natural characteristics and the remnants of old mines.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the cabin, residences, and trail located on the Potential northern end of the island. There is moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying airplanes, the ferry, and recreation boaters may at times pass by the area. The area provides primarily primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity. Recreation use is low except around the cabins and trail.

Resources The area contains 5,118 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on high market values, and the resolution of resource conflicts. One log transfer facility would be necessary. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits and for developed trails and additional cabins or shelters. There is one special-use recreation residence permit on the north shore, one private residence, and one private mining property near the Harvey Lake trailhead. Wildlife habitat improvement projects are planned for the area. The area has an abundant supply of minerals, and mineral exploration activity has increased in the last few years. Claims cover 90 percent of the island. Private landholdings total 38.72 acres. There are no State or Native land selections within this area. During the planning for the Woewodski Timber Sale, intense local opposition developed from residents in the Beechers Pass area.

C-38 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 218

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,176 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,259 1,259 1,259 1,259 0 0 1,259 Other1 0 0 0 0 0 1,539 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 8,917 8,917 8,917 8,917 0 0 8,917 Semi-Remote Recreation 10,176 0 0 0000 0 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 8,637 0 0 Grand Total 10,176 10,176 10,176 10,176 10,176 10,176 10,176 10,176

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-39 Appendix C

(220) East Mitkof National Forest acres: 8,829

Description The East Mitkof roadless area is located on the eastern side of Mitkof Island, adjacent to the southern end of Frederick Sound, eight miles southeast of the city of Petersburg. Forest roads and harvest units generally make up the rest of the irregularly shaped land boundaries. The area generally slopes to the east in a gentle manner; terrain in the northern portion is nearly flat. The area was inhabited by several clans of the Stikine Tlingit. An abandoned village site and petroglyphs are reported in the vicinity of Ideal Cove. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska Temperate rain forest. Wildlife include black bear, a small population of deer, and a few moose. Due to its proximity to Petersburg and easy accessibility, the area receives relatively heavy recreational use centered around the Three Lakes area which has a system of interconnecting trails, which in itself is unique to southeast Alaska. The trails are short and gentle, and are planked, adding to their popularity. Wintertime use of the area is increasing, especially snowmobile use and some cross-country skiing. Hunting, fishing and woodcutting are all popular activities. There is some subsistence use in the area.

Wilderness The area has maintained its overall integrity, except for the plank trails and minor Potential development at the lakes. However, adjacent management activities have likely impacted some of the natural integrity of this area. There is a moderate to low opportunity for solitude within the area. Air traffic and marine traffic pass nearby, trails and lakes concentrate users, and timber harvest activities when occurring would impact users. The area provides primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 2,162 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this roadless area is dependent on market values. A road system and/or logging systems capable of harvesting the area would be necessary, although nearby roads could be extended to accomplish some of this. There is potential for outfitter/guide permits, winter trails, and additional summer trails. Potential also exists for additional cabins, shelters, and roaded recreation activities. Ideal Cove, an area of about 900 acres, was selected by the State. In cooperation with the State, it could provide an important trail access to the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness and be used more extensively by watercraft. The area has low minerals potential.

C-40 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 220

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,164 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,664 0 Modified Landscape 0 641 140 641 140 0 0 641 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 3,423 0 3,423 0 0 2,882 Scenic Viewshed 0 60 0 60 0 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 8,829 2,584 2,584 2,584 2,584 0 0 2,624 Timber Production 0 5,544 2,682 5,544 2,682 8,829 0 2,682 Grand Total 8,829 8,829 8,829 8,829 8,829 8,829 8,828 8,829

C-41 Appendix C

(223) Manzanita National Forest acres: 8,391

Description The Manzanita roadless area is located on the southeast corner of Mitkof Island, about 18 miles southeast of the city of Petersburg. Forest roads, harvest units, and the Mitkof Highway generally make up the irregularly-shaped land boundaries, with just one mile of shoreline on saltwater. The area exhibits great relief, as the core is made up of a ridge system with moderate to steep slopes, and drainages oriented in all directions. There is one small pond near the southwest corner. The area was claimed by the Stikine Tlingit clans, although no aboriginal sites have been recorded within this area. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A population of deer and black bear, and possibly a few moose, range over the area. The proximity to Petersburg by roaded access makes portions of this area attractive for recreation, including hunting, woodcutting and gathering, and snowmobiling. Some of the use is likely for subsistence. There are no developed recreation opportunities in the area.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, however its overall integrity is not considered pristine. Potential Adjacent management activities have likely impacted some of the natural integrity of this area, such as wildlife. The irregular shape of the area also lessens its natural integrity. There is a low opportunity for solitude within the area. Air traffic and vehicle traffic pass nearby and timber harvest activities in adjacent areas would have a significant impact on solitude when they occurred. The area provides some semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources There are 2,944 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on market values. A road system and/or logging systems capable of harvesting the area would be necessary, although nearby roads could be extended to accomplish some of this. There is potential for trails, and possibly shelters, to access the ridgelines and saltwater. There is some potential for interpretive activities due to its accessibility and proximity to the existing interpretive tour of the Mitkof Highway and Three Lakes Road. The area has low minerals potential. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for certain wildlife and traditional recreation activities.

C-42 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 223

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,702 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,689 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,141 1,141 1,141 1,141 0 0 1,141 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,563 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,561 1,561 1,561 1,561 0 0 1,561 Semi-Remote Recreation 8,391 0 0 0 0000 Timber Production 0 5,689 5,689 5,689 5,689 8,391 0 4,126 Grand Total 8,391 8,391 8,391 8,391 8,391 8,391 8,391 8,391

C-43 Appendix C

(224) Crystal National Forest acres: 18,613

Description The Crystal roadless area is located on the southwest corner of Mitkof Island, about 15 miles southwest of the city of Petersburg. Forest road, harvest units, and the Mitkof Highway form the irregularly shaped land boundaries, with just six miles of shoreline on saltwater. Two mountainous areas dominate the landform: Crystal Peak to the north and the northern portion of the Sumner Mountains to the south. Crystal Lake is a significant waterbody to the north. The area was claimed by several Stikine Tlingit clans and used for hunting and gathering of subsistence items. Evidence of their use is indicated by the remains of temporary camps, fish weirs, petroglyphs, and bark-stripped trees. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A population of deer and black bear range over the area, as do some moose. Due to its proximity to Petersburg and accessibility by road and water, the area receives moderate recreational use, consisting primarily of hunting, berry picking and woodcutting. There is one trail from the State's Crystal Lake Fish Hatchery to Crystal Lake, which provides water for the hatchery and its residents. Some State land selections have occurred or are pending in the southern portion. The western portion has been selected by the State, and selections are pending which encompass Crystal Lake. The top of Crystal Mountain was recently designated a communications site, and a small building and antennae are planned.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, however its overall integrity is not considered pristine. Potential Adjacent management activities have likely impacted some of the natural integrity of this area, such as wildlife. The irregular shape of the area and inclusion of private land also lessen its natural integrity. There is a low to moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Air traffic and vehicle traffic pass nearby, and timber harvest when occurring would have a significant impact on solitude. The area provides some semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 5,684 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this roadless area is dependent on market values and the construction of a road system or logging systems capable of harvesting the area. There is potential for shelters. and trails are planned to access the ridge and top of Crystal Mountain. There is some potential for interpretive activities due to the area's accessibility and proximity to the existing interpretive tour of the Mitkof Highway and Three Lakes Road, and the popular Blind Slough recreation site. The extensive alpine area is an attraction for recreationists. Support for the trail to the mountain top and alpine terrain above Crystal Lake is high. There are three special uses in the area. The area has low minerals potential.

C-44 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 224

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 00000018,613 0 Modified Landscape 0 9,086 7,785 9,086 7,785 0 0 3,883 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 2,322 0 2,322 0 0 3,603 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 360 0 20 Scenic Viewshed 0 6,064 5,044 6,064 5,044 0 0 3,402 Semi-Remote Recreation 15,131 000000 0 Special Interest Area 2,962 2,942 2,942 2,942 2,942 0 0 2,902 Timber Production 0000018,253 0 4,363 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 500 500 500 500 500 0 0 440 Grand Total 18,613 18,612 18,613 18,612 18,613 18,613 18,613 18,613

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-45 Appendix C

(225) Kadin National Forest acres: 1,983

Description The Kadin roadless area consists of Kadin Island located off the mouth of the Stikine River where Sumner Strait, Stikine Strait and Eastern Passage converge. At low tides it is nearly surrounded by tideflats formed by the sediments of the Stikine River. The island rises fairly steeply and uniformly to a height just above 1,000 feet, giving it its local name of High Island. Soils are unique because of the influence of the Stikine River. High winds moving down the Stikine River canyon pick up silt from the unvegetated glacial river floodplain and deposit it as loess on islands at the river's mouth. Few areas in the world have a combination of high rainfall and recent loess deposition, so the properties of the soils here are of special interest. This soil also causes a unique form of high productivity Sitka spruce/devil's club forest type. A small population of deer and black bear range over the island. There is some subsistence use in the area. There are no developed recreation opportunities in the area.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, and has maintained its overall natural integrity. There is a Potential low to moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Air and marine traffic pass nearby, and timber harvest or other activities in adjacent areas would have a significant impact on solitude when occurring. The area provides primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 1,422 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this roadless area is dependent on high market values. Development of beach access and log transfer sites would also be required, both of which would be difficult. There is some potential for outfitter and guide permits, or for developed trails, cabins, or shelters. The area is proposed as a Research Natural Area. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for certain wildlife, and complements the existing adjacent Stikine-LeConte Wilderness.

C-46 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 225

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,983 0 RNA 1,523 1,623 1,623 1,623 1,623 0 0 1,623 Scenic Viewshed 0 361 361 361 361 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 461 0 0 0 0 0 0 361 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 1,983 0 0 Grand Total 1,984 1,984 1,984 1,984 1,984 1,983 1,983 1,984

C-47 Appendix C

(227) North Wrangell National Forest acres: 7,863

Description The North Wrangell roadless area is basically a mountain ridge forming the northern tip of Wrangell Island, with four somewhat rounded peaks having steep drainages containing small streams emptying into salt water. Land access roads and closely associated clearcut timber harvest units bound the area on two side and a 138 KV powerline defines the southern boundary. The east side is defined by saltwater which is now State owned land. The original North Wrangell roadless area in the DEIS included the area south of the powerline, but has been redefined because the areas were not contiguous. Future uses of that land is uncertain, however some development is likely. The area was used by the Stikine Tlingit in prehistoric times, however only a few sites have been recorded, including a former camp and a possible burial site. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important wildlife species include deer, wolves, black bear, marten and a small population of moose. Two trails and a shelter are the only facilities in the area, which are accessible by boat and automobile from the community of Wrangell in less than two hours. A third trail and shelters are cleared for future development. The Institute Trail is one of the few trails easily accessible to a major population center on the Stikine Area and it receives relatively heavy use. The shoreline currently receives little recreation use, but areas where roads cross the larger streams receive higher use during the summer.

Wilderness The area's natural integrity has been impacted by the roads, timber harvests, and Potential powerline surrounding it. There is a good opportunity for solitude within the area, especially after one has gone a short distance from the roads. The area provides primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunities. The character of the landforms and vegetation generally allows the visitor to feel remote from the sights and sounds of human activity which surround the area.

Resources The area contains 2,861 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is high as roads could be extended from the existing system and much of the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. A future trail and shelter system is being developed. Because of the area's accessibility from Wrangell, there is potential for use of off-road vehicles, snowmobiles, and for cross-country skiing. Moose and deer winter range habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known claims. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for residents of the city of Wrangell who do not have a boat to have a semi-primitive recreation experience.

C-48 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 227

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,200 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,663 0 Municipal Watershed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 381 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 961 Scenic Viewshed 0 7,863 7,863 7,863 7,863 0 0 6,522 Semi-Remote Recreation 7,863 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 7,863 0 0 Grand Total 7,863 7,863 7,863 7,863 7,863 7,863 7,863 7,864

C-49 Appendix C

(229) South Wrangell National Forest acres: 14,034

Description The South Wrangell roadless area is located on Wrangell Island and is bounded on the east by Fools Inlet, on the south by Ernest Sound, and on the west by Zimovia Strait. The northern boundary is defined by roads. The original South Wrangell roadless area in the DEIS and SDEIS was bisected by a timber access road with its associated timber harvest, isolating the northwestern portion and creating a new roadless area, #290. In addition new roadless areas #288 and #289 were identified to the north, as these areas were nearly isolated by road systems penetrating the original South Wrangell roadless area. The area is generally characterized by moderately-diverse, rounded to occasionally blocky terrain, with broad, U-shaped valleys in-between. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important wildlife species include deer, wolves, black bear, marten, and small populations of brown bear and moose. Thoms Creek, and Thoms Place are all attractions, especially during the salmon run. Thoms Place was selected by the State, and part of Thoms Place is now a State Marine Park. One recreation cabin in the area is on State land.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area has been impacted by the roads and timber harvest Potential areas to the north. Boats plying the waters on three sides of the area may be visible from within parts of the area, but usually are not intrusive. There is a good opportunity for solitude within the area, especially after one has gone a short distance from the roads. Generally, a person camped or traveling inland is likely to see others only occasionally. The area provides primarily primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,958 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is high, as roads could be extended from the existing system and the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, trails and cabins or shelters. There is also potential for use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles. Moose and winter range habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. The Sealaska Native Corporation has selected several small historic sites along the coast. Maintenance of the area or parts thereof in a roadless condition would enhance primitive recreation opportunities for those residents of Wrangell without boats. It would also enhance the opportunities for residents of Thoms Place to maintain their current lifestyles.

C-50 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 229

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,118 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,916 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,239 1,239 1,239 1,239 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 0000380 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,399 1,399 1,399 1,399 0 0 1,259 Semi-Remote Recreation 14,034 0 0 0000 0 Timber Production 0 11,395 11,395 11,395 11,395 14,034 0 12,394 Grand Total 14,034 14,033 14,033 14,033 14,033 14,034 14,034 14,033

C-51 Appendix C

(231) Woronkofski National Forest acres: 11,095

Description The Woronkofski roadless area is located on Woronkofski Island and is bounded on three sides by saltwater, however harvest activities have occurred in several places along the beach. Roads and cutting units which follow a drainage penetrating the roadless area define the northern boundary. The city of Wrangell is five miles to the northeast. The area is generally characterized by steeply rising mountains reaching elevations of over 2,000 feet. The island was apparently used by several groups of the Stikine Tlingit as a hunting and fishing area. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important species include Sitka black-tailed deer and black bear. Attractions include Elephants Nose, a rocky feature on the north end of the island at the edge of the area. Several gold mine claims were made in 1900 in a cove near here, too. The saltwater bodies surrounding the island receive moderately heavy use by commercial and pleasure boats and the shoreline receives moderate recreation use. Some recreation use occurs on the road system, generally from residents of Wrangell who sometimes transport small motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles by boat for use here. There is some subsistence use in the area.

Wilderness Timber harvest activities are evident all around the island, and dominate the Potential northern portion. The remaining core is the roadless area, but it has been penetrated by harvest and roads following a drainage. In other portions, natural integrity is high. There is a good opportunity for solitude within the area, especially after one has gone a short distance from the roads. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 4,286 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this roadless area is high, as roads could be extended from the existing system and much of the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, developed trails, and cabins or shelters. There is also potential for use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles. Wildlife improvement projects planned typically consist of thinning and planting. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for residents of Wrangell to have a semi-primitive recreation experience. There has been no formal support for or opposition to maintaining this area in a roadless condition.

C-52 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 231

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,095 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 00001,262 Scenic Viewshed 0 11,095 11,095 11,095 11,095 0 0 9,833 Semi-Remote Recreation 11,095 0 0 0000 0 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 11,095 0 0 Grand Total 11,095 11,095 11,095 11,095 11,095 11,095 11,095 11,095

C-53 Appendix C

(232) North Etolin National Forest acres: 41,423

Description The North Etolin roadless area is located on the north end of Etolin Island and is bounded by Stikine Strait, Zimovia Strait, and Anita Bay. The southern boundary has been logged and partially roaded, and a small area on the northeast side has also been harvested. Wrangell lies ten miles to the north. The area is generally characterized by steeply-rising mountains reaching elevations of over 3,000 feet. There is much landform variety, including a major drainage flowing to the south. The island was claimed by the Tansaqwedi and Xokedi clans of the Stikine Tlingit, as is evidenced by the remains of villages, fish camps, fort sites, petroglyphs and fish weirs. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Native wildlife species include deer and black bear. Elk were introduced to the island in 1986 as a cooperative effort. Survival so far has been described as marginal. Kunk Lake is a popular recreation destination accessible by trail, and includes a shelter. The area is primarily used for recreation by residents of Wrangell. The saltwater bodies surrounding the island receive moderately heavy use by commercial and pleasure boats. There is subsistence use in the area.

Wilderness Within the area the natural integrity is unmodified, except for the trail to Kunk Lake; Potential however, timber harvest dominates the southern boundary. There is good opportunity for solitude within the area. Present recreation use levels are low except at the mouths of some streams and along the trail. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized, as well as primitive, recreation opportunities. Travel within the area is challenging, requiring a high degree of woods skills and experience. The presence of black bears, especially around salmon streams in the fall, presents a degree of challenge and a need for caution.

Resources The area contains 14,205 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber is moderate, as roads could be extended from the existing system and much of the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter and guide permits, developed trails, and cabins or shelters. If the elk population grows, a harvest may occur at some point in the future. Deer range habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. There is generally a low minerals rating and no known current claims. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for visitors to and residents of Wrangell to have a semi-primitive recreation experience.

C-54 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 232

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 00000022,960 0 LUD IV 00000018,463 0 Modified Landscape 0 18,245 10,075 18,245 18,245 0 0 5,810 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 8,250 000017,203 Remote Recreation 1,302 000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 13,947 13,887 13,947 13,947 0 0 11,001 Semi-Remote Recreation 39,360 1,081 1,081 1,081 1,081 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 8,149 8,129 8,149 8,149 41,423 0 7,409 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 761 000000 0 Grand Total 41,423 41,422 41,422 41,422 41,422 41,423 41,423 41,423

C-55 Appendix C

(233) Mosman National Forest acres: 53,664

Description The Mosman roadless area is located in the middle of Etolin Island. It is bounded by Clarence Strait on the west, the South Etolin Wilderness to the south, and an area of roads and harvest units to the north. The area is generally characterized by a series of mountains oriented nearly in a north-south alignment, separated by the long, narrow waterways of Mosman and Burnett Bays. Major lakes in the area include Streets, Navy and Burnett Lakes. The city of Wrangell lies 22 miles to the north. This area was claimed by several Stikine Tlingit clans during prehistoric times as is evidenced by the remains of villages, camps, fish weirs, petroglyphs, and bark-stripped trees. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Native wildlife include deer and black bear. Elk were introduced on the island in 1986 as a cooperative project. The saltwater bodies surrounding the island receive moderately-heavy use by commercial and pleasure boats. The shoreline and bays receive light recreation use. Steamer Bay cabin is located in the northwest corner of the area. There is subsistence use in the area. There are five special-use permits authorized, and lighthouse reservations.

Wilderness Within the roadless area the natural integrity is unmodified except as noted above, Potential but timber harvest activities dominate the northern boundary. There is a good opportunity for solitude within the area away from improvements and facilities. Present recreation use levels are low except at the mouths of some streams and at the cabin. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized recreation opportunities. Travel within the area is challenging, requiring a high degree of woods skills and experience. The long bays penetrate the area and provide access to portions of the interior, as well as protect users from the open waters and traffic of Clarence Strait.

Resources The area contains 17,495 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber is moderate, as roads could be extended from the existing system, and much of the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter and guide permits, developed trails, and cabins or shelters. Elk hunting may be possible at some point in the future. Deer range habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for visitors to have a semi-primitive recreation experience, and would be contiguous with the existing wilderness.

C-56 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 233

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 00000052,543 0 LUD IV 0000001,121 0 Modified Landscape 0 23,069 21,423 23,069 23,069 0 0 16,557 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 9,829 000022,861 Other1 020202020200 20 Remote Recreation 1,702 000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 23,083 14,940 23,083 23,083 0 0 6,373 Semi-Remote Recreation 51,021 40 40 40 40 0 0 661 Timber Production 0 7,452 7,412 7,452 7,452 53,644 0 7,192 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 941 000000 0 Grand Total 53,664 53,664 53,664 53,664 53,664 53,664 53,664 53,664

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-57 Appendix C

(234) South Etolin National Forest acres: 26,679

Description The South Etolin roadless area encompasses the east side of Etolin Island. It is bounded by Clarence Strait and Ernest Sound, and the South Etolin Wilderness. This area was proposed as Wilderness but was not included with the South Etolin Wilderness legislated by the Tongass Timber Reform Act. The area is generally characterized by a series of rugged mountains, ridges, and glacial cirque lakes. Several small islands off the southern end of the roadless area are included. The area was inhabited by several clans of the Stikine Tlingit as is evidenced by the many cultural resource sites. Historic use of this area was also considerable and is represented by the remains of canneries, fox farms, and other temporary camps. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Native wildlife include deer and black bear. Elk were introduced to the island in 1986 as a cooperative project. The saltwater bodies surrounding the island receive moderately-heavy use by commercial and pleasure boats. The shoreline and bays receive light recreation use. There is subsistence use in the area. Attractions include the landform variety, the bays which provide sheltered moorages, and the unique elk. Use of the area is mostly for recreation by residents of Wrangell and Thoms Place.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, and has maintained its natural integrity. Northwest of the Potential area, it has been logged and partially roaded. There is a good opportunity for solitude within the area. Present recreation use levels are low except at the mouths of some streams and at good anchorages. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and non-motorized recreation opportunity. Travel within the area is challenging, requiring a high degree of woods skills and experience.

Resources The area contains 6,939 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is moderate. The 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 83,371 acres adjacent to the area as Wilderness. There is potential for additional outfitter and guide permits, developed trails, and cabins or shelters. The elk population may offer a unique hunting experience in the future. Deer range habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for visitors to and residents of Wrangell to have a semi-primitive recreation experience. There is support for maintaining this area in a roadless condition.

C-58 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 234

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0000001000 LUD IV 00000026,579 0 Modified Landscape 0 14,222 14,222 14,222 14,222 0 0 11,161 Old Growth Habitat 00000005,501 Other1 020202020200 20 Scenic Viewshed 0 12,437 12,437 12,437 12,437 0 0 9,737 Semi-Remote Recreation 25,437 000000260 Timber Production 0000026,659 0 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 1,241 000000 0 Grand Total 26,678 26,679 26,679 26,679 26,679 26,679 26,679 26,679

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-59 Appendix C

(235) West Zarembo National Forest acres: 6,666

Description West Zarembo roadless area is located on the west side of Zarembo Island, south of Mitkof Island and 10 miles west of the town of Wrangell. Sumner Strait lies to the north, and Clarence Strait to the west, while clearcut harvest areas and reforested plantations are adjacent to the east. Some of the beachfront has been salvage-logged in the past. The area is generally flat and slightly rolling. Zarembo Island was evidently used by all of the Stikine Tlingit clans for hunting and gathering as is evidenced by several fish weirs and petroglyph sites along the west coast of the island. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A small population of deer and black bear range over the area. There are no developed recreation opportunities in the area. Recreational use is light in all of the roadless areas on the island, occurring mostly along the beach fringe, due in part to difficult access.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, however logging outside of the area, but within higher Potential reaches of the drainage, may have altered some of the natural processes. This impact, however is considered low. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying airplanes and recreational boaters may at times pass nearby, but generally a person camped or traveling inland is unlikely to see others. Periodic timber harvest activities in the adjacent areas would have a significant impact on the opportunity for solitude. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 1,696 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on high market values. A road system is already present nearby and could be extended into parts of the area. A log transfer site to saltwater is already present on the island. There is potential for outfitter and guide permits, and for developed trails, cabins or shelters. Fish habitat enhancement projects for the adjacent areas have been identified, as well as deer mitigation projects which are unlikely to occur within the roadless area. The area has moderate minerals potential. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for wildlife to move freely through the area.

C-60 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 235

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,666 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 6,626 00006,526 Semi-Remote Recreation 6,666 0 0 00000 Timber Production 0 6,666 40 6,666 6,666 6,666 0 140 Grand Total 6,666 6,666 6,666 6,666 6,666 6,666 6,666 6,666

C-61 Appendix C

(236) East Zarembo National Forest acres: 10,947

Description East Zarembo roadless area is located on the east side of Zarembo Island, south of Mitkof Island and 10 miles west of the town of Wrangell. Sumner Strait lies to the north, and Clarence Strait to the west. The terrain is generally rolling. Timber harvest areas generally surround the whole area. Zarembo Island was evidently used by all of the Stikine Tlingit clans for hunting and gathering, however, there are no sites currently recorded. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A population of deer and black bear range over the area. There are no developed recreation opportunities in the area. Recreational use is light in all of the roadless areas on the island, occurring mostly along the beach fringe.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, however logging outside of the area, but within higher Potential reaches of the drainage, may have altered some of the natural processes. This impact, however is considered low. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying airplanes and recreational boaters may at times pass nearby, but generally a person camped or traveling inland is unlikely to see others. Periodic timber harvest activities in the adjacent areas would have a significant impact on the opportunity for solitude. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,716 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on high market values. A road system is already present nearby and could be extended into parts of the area. A log transfer site to saltwater is already present on the island. There is potential for outfitter and guide permits, and for developed trails, cabins or shelters. Fish habitat enhancement projects for the adjacent areas have been identified, as well as deer habitat improvement projects. The area has moderate minerals potential. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for wildlife to move freely through the area.

C-62 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 236

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,847 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 00001,758 Scenic Viewshed 0 4,775 4,775 4,775 4,775 0 0 3,617 Semi-Remote Recreation 10,947 0 0 00000 Timber Production 0 6,172 6,172 6,172 6,172 10,947 0 5,573 Grand Total 10,947 10,947 10,947 10,947 10,947 10,947 10,947 10,948

C-63 Appendix C

(237) South Zarembo National Forest acres: 36,238

Description South Zarembo roadless area is located on the south side of Zarembo Island, south of Mitkof Island, and 10 miles west of Wrangell. Timber harvest areas and roads lie to the north, Stikine Strait to the south, and Clarence Strait to the west. The terrain is moderately rolling and there are about 80 acres of small ponds and lakes. Clearcut harvest areas and reforested plantations generally surround the whole area, except for a small section of shoreline adjacent to Stikine Strait. Zarembo Island was shared by all of the Stikine Tlingit clans for hunting and gathering of subsistence items. There are remains of a village sites, burial sites, fish weirs, petroglyphs, and pictographs. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A small population of Sitka black-tailed deer and black bear range over the area. There is some subsistence use in the area. There are no developed recreation opportunities. Recreation use is light in all the roadless areas on the island, occurring mostly on the beach fringes.

Wilderness The area is unmodified. Logging outside of the area, but within higher reaches of Potential the drainage, may have altered some of the natural processes. This impact, however, is considered low. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying airplanes and recreational boaters may at times pass nearby. Periodic timber harvest activities in the adjacent areas would have a significant impact on the opportunity for solitude when they are occurring. The area provides primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 10,150 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber is dependent on high market values. A road system is already present nearby and could be extended into parts of this area. A log transfer site is already present on the island. There is potential for outfitter and guide permits, and for developed trails, cabins or shelters. Fish habitat enhancement projects have been identified, as well as deer mitigation projects for the area. The area has moderate minerals potential. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for wildlife to move freely through the area.

C-64 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 237

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,477 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,761 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 8,631 000015,562 Scenic Viewshed 0 9,330 1,898 9,330 9,330 0 0 759 Semi-Remote Recreation 36,238 0 0 00000 Timber Production 0 26,908 25,709 26,908 26,908 36,238 0 19,917 Grand Total 36,238 36,238 36,238 36,238 36,238 36,238 36,238 36,238

C-65 Appendix C

(238) Kashevarof Islands National Forest acres: 4,697

Description The Kashevarof roadless area consists of a series of small islands located in Clarence Strait, between the southwest side of Zarembo Island and the northeast corner of Prince of Wales Island. Bush and Shrubby Islands are not included in this roadless area as they have been logged. The islands in this area have little relief and are flat to slightly rolling with a high point of 482 feet on one of the Blashke Islands. The Tihitan clan of the Stikine Tlingit claimed this area which was used chiefly for hunting seals and gathering seaweed. Their use is evidenced by the remains of temporary camps, fish weirs, and petroglyphs. Historic use is indicated by the remains of numerous fox farms, trapping cabins, and temporary camps. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A small population of Sitka black-tailed deer and black bear range over the area. No major resource activities have occurred in this area, but there is some subsistence use. Attractions include the numerous small islands and sheltered bays providing opportunities for discovery, day use activities, and anchorage. There are no developed recreation opportunities in the area. The island clusters easily lend themselves to be managed in an unroaded condition. Wilderness consideration is less feasible due to the amount of marine traffic in the area and activities in the adjacent areas.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, and has maintained its overall integrity. There is moderate Potential opportunity for solitude within the area. Low-flying airplanes and frequent marine traffic pass nearby and may be observed. Present recreation use levels are low. Timber harvest or other periodic activities in the adjacent areas would have a significant impact on the opportunity for solitude when they are occurring. The area provides primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 0 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this roadless area is dependent on high market values. A road system and/or logging systems capable of harvesting the numerous small islands would be necessary. Development of beach access and log transfer sites would also be required. There is potential for outfitter and guide permits and for developed trails, cabins or shelters. There are four special-use permits in the area, and a Coast Guard reservation. The area has low minerals potential. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition enhances opportunities for certain wildlife and semi-primitive recreation, as some of the islands in this group have been logged and the timber stands converted for even-age management.

C-66 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 238

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,697 0 Other1 0 101 101 101 101 0 0 40 Semi-Remote Recreation 4,697 4,597 4,597 4,597 4,597 0 0 4,657 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 4,697 0 0 Grand Total 4,697 4,698 4,698 4,698 4,698 4,697 4,697 4,697

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-67 Appendix C

(239) Keku National Forest acres: 8,538

Description The Keku roadless area is located on the northern end of Kuiu Island and includes 1,483 acres of offshore islands. It is bordered by Saginaw Bay, Keku Strait, and roads and harvest units to the south. Several good anchorages are located in Saginaw Bay and Halleck Harbor which allow visitors to "boat camp" overnight. Landforms are characterized by gently-sloping to moderately steep hills that are abruptly broken by prominent limestone cliffs. Orientation of the landscape makes development of a road system challenging. The area was claimed by several clans of the Kake Tlingit and there is a rich assortment of cultural resources. In modern times, this area had been a contingency area of the APC Long-term Timber Sale contract since 1960. A logging camp was developed at nearby Rowan Bay and is still active with up to 130 seasonal occupants. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. This area is highly rated for wildlife values. The area is popular for black bear hunting and King salmon fishing. There are no developed recreation facilities, and recreation use levels are low. Special features include fossil hunting in Halleck Harbor which directly adjoins the area.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, except for some evidence of past occupancy, Potential beach logging, and other logging and roading which has somewhat fragmented this area. Generally, there is a high opportunity for solitude in the area. Use of floatplanes and motorboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods, and visitors may be disturbed by logging when it occurs along the roads around Saginaw Bay. The area provides primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,307 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. In general, timber sales on Kuiu Island may result in further road development, thus increasing access to parts of the area. Recreation potential for Keku is moderate, as there is potential for additional outfitter and guide permits, cabins, and opportunities associated with roaded access. Both fish and wildlife habitat improvement projects have been identified for the area. There are no inventoried sites with high mineral development potential. One year-long residence special-use permit exists in the head of Saginaw Bay. A former village site has been selected by Sealaska Corporation under ANCSA. Up to 5,000 acres have been selected in Saginaw Bay but are still pending. This selection overlaps with this roadless area. Maintenance of the area in a roadless condition would maintain subsistence use of the area from Kake.

C-68 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 239

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,538 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 421 0 0 0 0 1,644 Semi-Remote Recreation 5,853 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Special Interest Area 1,423 1,463 1,463 1,463 1,463 0 0 1,463 Timber Production 1,263 7,075 6,654 7,075 7,075 8,538 0 5,432 Grand Total 8,539 8,538 8,538 8,538 8,538 8,538 8,538 8,539

C-69 Appendix C

(240) Security National Forest acres: 31,239

Description The Security roadless area is located on the northwest side of Kuiu Island on Chatham Strait. The area is bordered by saltwater on three sides with the area to the southeast being highly roaded and modified terrain. The area includes all of Security Bay and Washington Bay. Washington Bay, on the west slope, has a secure anchorage, but the remaining coastline on this side is rocky and open to a moderate energy shoreline. The coastal area is characterized by steep, heavily-dissected slopes, rocky beaches, and numerous streams cascading directly into saltwater. North Kuiu Island was claimed by several clans of the Kake Tlingit as is evidenced by the remains of various sites, petroglyphs and bark-stripped trees. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The salt chuck at the head of Security Bay is known for high quality waterfowl hunting, and black bear populations attract numerous hunters. Security Creek, Rowan Creek, and Browns Creek are primary contributors to fish production in Rowan and Security Bays. There are no developed recreation facilities. Traveling by boat in the area requires extended boating time in exposed waters, challenging the skills of even experienced skippers. Lack of cabins or commercial overnight facilities limits use by fly-in recreationists. A fish buying station is normally established in Security Bay each year, and there is a permanent residence. The State has selected land in Security Bay for a future marine park, which could increase use of the area if developed.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, although some evidence of old fox farms and Potential fish camps is present. There is a low to high opportunity for solitude within the area. Noise from logging trucks on the adjacent roads to the southeast can be heard during harvest activities, and floatplanes and motorboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 9,197 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Activities under independent timber sales could increase road access into parts of this area. If a ferry route were established to Rowan or Saginaw Bays, a new array of recreation opportunities would open up. There is also potential for one or more cabins or shelters and additional outfitter and guide permits. Both fish and wildlife improvement projects are planned for the area. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development potential. Development of the state marine park in Security Bay could focus increased attention on the area.

C-70 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 240

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 00000031,219 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 80 0000 0 Other1 20000020200 Remote Recreation 5,735 000000 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 21,022 9,752 9,752 9,752 9,752 0 0 23,486 Timber Production 4,341 21,306 21,226 21,306 21,306 31,219 0 7,572 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 120 180 180 180 180 0 0 180 Grand Total 31,238 31,238 31,238 31,238 31,238 31,239 31,239 31,238

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-71 Appendix C

(241) North Kuiu National Forest acres: 6,273

Description The North Kuiu roadless area is located near the center of the northern portion of Kuiu Island and is completely surrounded by roads and timber management activities, some of which have impacted parts of the core of the area. The area is characterized by rolling terrain with drainages in all directions. The area was within the territory of the Kake Tlingit, however no cultural resources have been recorded. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. A population of deer and black bear range over the area. There are no developed recreation opportunities in this area and overall use levels are low. Hunting is the primary recreation use, with some subsistence use occurring also. Use is concentrated along the road-accessible outside edges. Rowan Bay, a logging camp, is the only community on Kuiu Island and is connected to the road system.

Wilderness The area is unmodified, however its overall integrity is not considered pristine. The Potential irregular shape of the area, patterns of adjacent timber management, and roading have impacted the area's natural integrity. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Timber harvest or other activities in the adjacent areas, which occur periodically, would have a significant impact on the opportunity for solitude when they are occurring. The area provides semi-primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,688 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Timber sale offerings are likely in the next 10 to 15 years. A road system and/or logging systems capable of harvesting the area would be necessary. Nearby roads could be extended to accomplish much of this. There is some potential for outfitter and guide permits. There is also potential for some off-road vehicles to enter the roadless area. Wildlife habitat improvement projects are planned such as seeding, planting, and thinning for browse species. The area has low minerals potential.

C-72 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 241

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,273 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 381 Remote Recreation 1,403 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 1,203 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 1,042 0 0 0 Timber Production 3,327 5,913 5,893 5,913 4,890 6,273 0 5,532 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 341 361 361 361 341 0 0 361 Grand Total 6,274 6,274 6,274 6,274 6,273 6,273 6,273 6,274

C-73 Appendix C

(242) Camden National Forest acres: 36,888

Description The Camden roadless area is located on the northeast corner of Kuiu Island on both sides of Port Camden, and includes Kadake Bay. Landforms along this area are characterized by gently-rolling hills that are typically short, extremely broken and benched, making development of a road system challenging. The coastline area represents a richly varied ecosystem. The isthmus area between Port Camden, Bay of Pillars, and Threemile Arm includes several naturally occurring springs, which adds diversity to the habitat. The Port Camden area was an important subsistence area for the Saqtunedi clan of the Kake Tlingit as is evidenced by the remains of a village, temporary camps, fish weirs, petroglyphs and bark-stripped trees. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Port Camden supports quality waterfowl hunting at the head of the bay, as well as quality habitat for black bear, fur bearers, marine mammals and bald eagle. Easily accessible by boat from Kake, it has a tradition of high subsistence use. The many creeks in the area support commercial and sport fishing. There is one cabin and two portage trails, which provide opportunities for canoeists and kayakers to access additional recreation areas.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, but roading and timber harvesting adjacent to Potential the west have likely had a small effect on the area's natural integrity. There is moderate to high opportunity for solitude within the Kadake Creek, Port Camden and isthmus areas. Floatplanes, motorboats and noise from logging trucks may disrupt visitors' solitude. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity, but overall recreation use level is low.

Resources The area contains 13,656 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Independent timber sale activity on Kuiu Island may result in increased roading, which may provide additional access to parts of this area for timber activities. Previous attempts to road and develop a log transfer facility along the eastern side of Port Camden met with high public resistance. Recreation potential for the area is moderate, access being the primary limiting factor for increased recreation use. There is potential for additional cabins, outfitter and guide permits. Kayaking and canoeing are increasing in connection with the recent establishment of portage trails and a brochure on kayaking/canoeing opportunities in the area. Both fish and wildlife habitat improvement projects are planned. The site along the eastern shore of Port Camden, where fossils have been located, is an inventoried potential Research Natural Area.

C-74 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 242

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 00000036,868 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 0 0 1,540 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 959 00002,355 Other1 60 60 60 60 60 60 20 60 Remote Recreation 3,896 60 60 60 60 0 0 60 Semi-Remote Recreation 31,935 3,245 3,245 3,245 3,245 0 0 3,345 Timber Production 100 30,826 29,868 30,826 30,826 36,828 0 28,631 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 897 897 897 897 897 0 0 897 Grand Total 36,888 36,888 36,889 36,888 36,888 36,888 36,888 36,888

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-75 Appendix C

(243) Rocky Pass National Forest acres: 77,179

Description Rocky Pass roadless area lies east of the Camden roadless area on Kuiu Island, and west of the South Kupreanof roadless area on Kupreanof Island, encompassing the narrow and often shallow waterway called Rocky Pass which has scores of small islands and rocks. Landforms along this area are characterized by rolling to moderately steep hills, with short, extremely broken or benched slopes. Forest Road 6040 adjoins this area near the head of McNaughton Bay, connecting to Kake, approximately 15 miles away. The Keku Strait area was used by both the Kake and Kuiu Tlingit. Former sites include temporary camps, garden areas, fish weirs, and fort sites. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include bald eagle, large flocks of ducks and geese that migrate through in fall, and otter which use the small islands. Bear hunting and sport fishing in the many streams are popular activities throughout the area. A fish pass, two recreation cabins, a short trail and an offshore oyster farm are the only major management activities in the area. The State has selected 605 acres on High Island.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, except for the items mentioned above. There is a high opportunity for solitude in the area. Use of floatplanes and powerboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods. Persons camped along the shore are generally unlikely to encounter another person, but might see or be visible to the occasional fishing boat. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 26,919 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Independent timber sale activity may result in increased roading of Kuiu Island, which may provide additional access to the Rocky Pass area. The area was considered, but was not designated in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. Continued development of the road system south of Kake would parallel the area and could make future management of the area in primitive settings more challenging. Recreation potential for the area is high, as there are opportunities for additional recreation cabins, trails, outfitter and guide permits, and kayaking activities. Deer habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development potential. Residents of Kake have a cultural, traditional interest in the area.

C-76 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 243

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 00000071,826 0 LUD III 0000002190 LUD IV 0000005,094 0 Modified Landscape 0 10,931 5,704 10,931 6,864 0 0 4,292 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 5,467 0 4,307 0 0 9,384 Other1 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Remote Recreation 28,579 40,496 40,496 40,496 40,496 0 0 40,496 Scenic Viewshed 0 239 40 239 40 0 0 40 Semi-Remote Recreation 41,778 22,071 22,071 22,071 22,071 0 0 22,071 Special Interest Area 298 298 298 298 298 0 0 298 Timber Production 2,367 3,104 3,064 3,104 3,064 77,139 0 558 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 4,118 000000 0 Grand Total 77,180 77,179 77,180 77,179 77,180 77,179 77,179 77,179

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-77 Appendix C

(244) Bay of Pillars National Forest acres: 27,535

Description The Bay of Pillars area is located on the west side of Kuiu Island bordering Chatham Strait. The Tebenkof Bay Wilderness adjoins to the south, and areas to the north have been heavily modified by past and present timber harvest. The area is characterized by a large, open bay with numerous small islands, and a large inner bay connected to the outer bay by a narrow, rocky, but navigable channel. The outer bay is subject to occasional strong wave action, but is generally accessible. Kutlaku Lake is a major feature accessed from the south arm of the inner bay. The area was claimed by the Kake Tlingit as is evidenced by remains of village and garden sites, and bark-stripped trees. A cannery operated at Pillar Bay from about 1930-50, and employed Native people from Kake and Port Camden. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Habitat for black bear, deer, furbearers, land birds and waterfowl is highly valued in the area. Subsistence users, mostly from Kake, harvest sockeye at the mouth of Katlaku Creek, and sport anglers are beginning to fish steelhead in Kwatahein Creek. There are no cabins, but there is a portage trail connecting the inner bay with Port Camden.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, except for those items mentioned above. There Potential is a high opportunity for solitude within the area. Use of floatplanes and powerboats, and noise from logging trucks on the adjacent road to the north, may disrupt visitors' solitude briefly. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunities. Access by boat into the area requires extended boating time in exposed waters, and entering the inner bay requires boating skill and may present great risk. The area is contiguous with the Tebenkof Bay Wilderness.

Resources The area contains 14,892 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Independent timber sale activity on Kuiu Island may increase road access on the island, and in particular to this area. The area was proposed as Wilderness Congressional legislation but was not designated in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. There is a strong interest on the part of inhabitants of some local communities to retain the roadless character of unroaded parts of Kuiu Island. Recreation potential includes a trail corridor from saltwater to Kutlaku Lake, a shelter near Point Ellis, and additional cabins, outfitter/guide permits, and kayaking opportunities. If a ferry route were established to Rowan Bay, it would open up other recreation opportunities. Deer habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. Two electronics sites are located adjacent to or just within the area.

C-78 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 244

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 00000023,911 0 LUD IV 0000003,604 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,036 1,036 1,036 1,036 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 00000002,628 Other1 20 60 60 60 60 20 20 60 Remote Recreation 1,234 20,068 20,068 20,068 20,068 0 0 19,451 Semi-Remote Recreation 25,663 3,823 3,823 3,823 3,823 0 0 3,823 Timber Production 0 2,548 2,548 2,548 2,548 27,515 0 956 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 617 000000617 Grand Total 27,534 27,535 27,535 27,535 27,535 27,535 27,535 27,535

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-79 Appendix C

(245) East Kuiu National Forest acres: 27,576

Description The East Kuiu roadless area lies directly east of Tebenkof Bay and Kuiu Wildernesses on Kuiu Island, and borders Keku Strait. To the north, road construction and timber harvesting have been extensive. Previously approved timber harvest and road construction near No Name and Alvin Bays and Seclusion Harbor reduced the acreage of this roadless area from the SDEIS. Several good anchorages can be found in Reid, Alvin, and No Name Bays, as well as at the head of Seclusion Harbor. Landforms along this area are characterized by gently-rolling hills that are typically short, extremely broken and benched, making development of a road system challenging. The area was used by both the Kake and Kuiu Tlingits and sites include temporary camps, garden areas, fish weirs and petroglyphs. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Salt Lagoon-Seclusion Harbor has a unique combination of freshwater and saltwater, making it valuable habitat for waterfowl, black bear, furbearers, marine mammals and bald eagles. This is also true for estuarine habitat found in Alvin Bay, Reid Bay and at the head of Threemile Arm. Attractions to this area include the south-facing sand beaches in Reid and Alvin Bays, and the Alecks Creek portage trail which connects No Name Bay with the Tebenkof Wilderness. There is a total of four miles of improved trail in the area. Generally, the area does not produce large numbers of salmon, and sport fishing pressure is low.

Wilderness If approved, timber harvest and road construction would affect the opportunity for Potential solitude in the area and may disrupt visitors. Use of floatplanes and powerboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods. The area provides primarily primitive recreation opportunity away from development activities; there are no developed recreation facilities. The area is adjacent to two existing wilderness areas.

Resources The area contains 10,322 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Timber sale activity on Kuiu Island has resulted in increased road development, which has increased access to portions of this area. The area was considered for Wilderness designation in Congressional legislation, however the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated the islands in Sumner Strait east of East Kuiu Island as LUD II, and the Kuiu Wilderness to the south and east. Recreation potential for the area is moderate. There is potential for a recreation cabin site, and for additional outfitter and guide permits. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development potential in the area. Residents of Point Baker/Port Protection use the area for subsistence crabbing and shellfish harvesting. There is a fair level of public resistance to developing a road system into No Name Bay, which is a proposed State land selection.

C-80 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 245

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 3,192 3,192 3,192 3,192 3,192 3,192 3,192 3,192 LUD I Release 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,499 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,885 0 Modified Landscape 0 12,160 12,160 12,160 12,160 0 0 7,447 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 00006,133 Other1 02020202020020 Remote Recreation 10,740 0 0 00000 Semi-Remote Recreation 13,643 1,519 1,519 1,519 1,519 0 0 1,519 Timber Production 0 10,685 10,685 10,685 10,685 24,364 0 9,266 Grand Total 27,575 27,576 27,576 27,576 27,576 27,576 27,576 27,577

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-81 Appendix C

(246) South Kuiu National Forest acres: 61,696

Description South Kuiu is located on the southern third of Kuiu Island, directly south of Kuiu Wilderness. The area borders on Chatham and Sumner Straits, and is bisected by Affleck Canal. It includes many bays and deep inlets with good anchorages. Landforms are varied and show great relief. Gently-rolling hills contrast to the sharply rising, heavily dissected mountain slopes at the head of Port Malmesbury and Crowley Bight. Deep islets and broken terrain make development of a road system, which would interconnect bays and islets to a primary log transfer facility, challenging and infeasible. The area was claimed by the Kuiu Tlingit who eventually settled in Klawock. There are remains of villages, fish weirs, and petroglyphs. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include black bears, deer, furbearers and waterfowl. This large area has 34 ADF&G numbered salmon producing streams and is generally a good producer of anadromous fish. Two of the best known streams are at the head of Bear Harbor and Kell Bay. There are no developed recreation facilities. The prime attraction to the area is its proximity to Kuiu and Tebenkof Bay Wildernesses, and the terrain which provides ample opportunity for isolated, primitive forms of recreation.

Wilderness The area is essentially unmodified, although there are the remains of some old fox Potential farms, a cannery, and a Coast Guard station, and evidence of past beach logging. There is a high opportunity for solitude in the area. Use of floatplanes and powerboats may disrupt visitors for brief periods. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunity. It is contiguous with the Kuiu Wilderness.

Resources The area contains 25,234 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 60,581 acres as the Kuiu Wilderness. This action eliminated the possibility of connected road access with east and north portions of Kuiu Island thus reducing the economic likelihood of timber harvest activity on the remaining area. Recreation potential for the area is moderate. There is potential for additional outfitter and guide permits, trails, cabins and shelters. There is potential for fish habitat improvements, but none are planned. A special-use permit exists for a waterline. There are no inventoried areas with high mineral development in the area. Residents of Point Baker/Port Protection use the area for subsistence crabbing and shellfish harvesting.

C-82 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 246

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,652 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,044 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 523 0000523 Remote Recreation 37,179 0 0 00000 Semi-Remote Recreation 24,517 0 0 000061,173 Timber Production 0 61,696 61,173 61,696 61,696 61,696 0 0 Grand Total 61,696 61,696 61,696 61,696 61,696 61,696 61,696 61,696

C-83 Appendix C

(247) East Wrangell National Forest acres: 7,721

Description The East Wrangell roadless area is located on Wrangell Island and is bounded on the east by Blake Channel. The western boundary is defined by roads. The area is generally characterized by moderately-diverse, rounded to occasionally blocky terrain, with broad, U-shaped valleys in-between. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important wildlife species include deer, wolves, black bear, marten, and small populations of brown bear and moose. Highbush Lake is a recreation attraction which penetrates the west side of the roadless area. The west end of the lake is accessible by road, and recreation facilities are provided which include a parking area, trail access to the lake, and a skiff on the lake. A small picnic area is also located at Earl West Cove, adjacent to the northwest boundary of the roadless area.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area has been impacted on the western boundary by Potential roads and the presence of a 138 KV powerline. Boats plying the waters surrounding the area may be visible from within parts of the area, but usually are not intrusive. There is a good opportunity for solitude within the area, especially after one has gone a short distance from the roads. Generally, a person camped or traveling inland is likely to see others only occasionally. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,320 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is high, as roads could be extended from the existing system and the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, trails and cabins or shelters. There is also potential for use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles. Moose and winter range habitat improvement projects are planned in the area. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. Maintenance of the area or parts thereof in a roadless condition would enhance primitive recreation opportunities for those residents of Wrangell without boats.

C-84 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 247

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,200 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,521 0 Modified Landscape 0 200 200 200 200 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 6,501 0 0 0 0 1,340 Scenic Viewshed 0 5,281 420 5,281 5,281 0 0 4,041 Semi-Remote Recreation 6,921 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Special Interest Area 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 2,240 600 2,240 2,240 7,721 0 2,340 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 7,721 7,721 7,721 7,721 7,721 7,721 7,721 7,721

C-85 Appendix C

(288) West Wrangell National Forest acres: 10,300

Description The West Wrangell roadless area is located on Wrangell Island and is bounded on the south and west by Zimovia Strait. The northern and eastern boundaries are defined by roads. The original South Wrangell roadless area in the DEIS and SDEIS was nearly bisected by a timber access road and its associated timber harvest, and resulted in the identification of the West Wrangell roadless area. The area is generally characterized by moderately-diverse, rounded to occasionally blocky terrain, with broad, U-shaped valleys in-between. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important wildlife species include deer, wolves, black bear, marten, and small populations of brown bear and moose. Thoms Lake, Thoms Creek, and Thoms Place are all attractions, especially during the salmon run. Thoms Place and Thoms Lake were selected by the State, and Thoms Place is now a State Marine Park. The two recreation cabins in the area are both on State land.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area has been impacted by roads and timber harvest Potential units on three sides of the roadless area, and can be seen from many parts within the area. Boats plying the waters in Zimovia Strait may be visible from within parts of the area, but usually are not intrusive. There is a fair opportunity for solitude within the area, especially after one has gone a short distance from the roads. Generally, a person camped or traveling inland is likely to see others only occasionally. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 4,260 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is high, as roads could be extended from the existing system and the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, trails and cabins or shelters. There is also potential for use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. Maintenance of the area or parts thereof in a roadless condition would enhance primitive recreation opportunities for those residents of Wrangell without boats.

C-86 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 288

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,100 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 Modified Landscape 0 2,680 1,220 2,680 2,680 0 0 1,800 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 5,320 0 0 0 0 3,798 Scenic Viewshed 0 7,420 3,760 7,420 7,420 0 0 741 Semi-Remote Recreation 10,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 200 0 200 200 10,300 0 3,960 Grand Total 10,300 10,300 10,300 10,300 10,300 10,300 10,300 10,299

C-87 Appendix C

(289) Central Wrangell National Forest acres: 13,479

Description The Central Wrangell roadless area is located on Wrangell Island and is defined by roads on all sides, except for a small portion defined by the Thoms Lake state land selection. The original South Wrangell roadless area in the DEIS and SDEIS was nearly bisected by a timber access road and associated timber harvest, and resulted in the identification of the Central Wrangell roadless area. The area is generally characterized by moderately-diverse, rounded to occasionally blocky terrain, with broad, U-shaped valleys in-between. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important wildlife species include deer, wolves, black bear, marten, and small populations of brown bear and moose. Thoms Lake, and Thoms Creek are all attractions, especially during the salmon run. Thoms Lake was selected by the State, and one recreation cabin is in the area on State land. Long Lake in the west side of the roadless area is accessible by a short trail from the road, and a shelter is provided.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area has been impacted by roads and timber harvest Potential units on all sides of the roadless area, which can be seen from many parts within the area. There is a fair opportunity for solitude within the area, especially after one has gone a short distance from the roads. Generally, a person camped or traveling inland is likely to see others only occasionally. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,740 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is high, as roads could be extended from the existing system and the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, trails and cabins or shelters. There is also potential for use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. Maintenance of the area or parts thereof in a roadless condition would enhance primitive recreation opportunities for those residents of Wrangell without boats.

C-88 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 289

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0000004,998 0 LUD IV 0000008,481 0 Modified Landscape 0 480 480 480 480 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 2,639 3,179 2,639 2,639 0 0 6,099 Scenic Viewshed 0 2,339 1,799 2,339 2,339 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 12,859 000000 0 Timber Production 0 8,021 8,021 8,021 8,021 13,479 0 7,381 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 620 000000 0 Grand Total 13,479 13,479 13,479 13,479 13,479 13,479 13,479 13,480

C-89 Appendix C

(290) Southeast Wrangell National Forest acres: 18,542

Description The Southeast Wrangell roadless area is located on Wrangell Island and is bounded on the east by Blake Channel, and to the south by Ernest Sound. The western boundary is defined by roads and Fools Inlet. The area is generally characterized by moderately-diverse, rounded to occasionally blocky terrain, with broad, U-shaped valleys in-between. The Fools Peak area contains mountainous terrain that is more rugged than other roadless areas on Wrangell Island. The area was inhabited by the Tlingit in prehistoric and historic times. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important wildlife species include deer, wolves, black bear, marten, and small populations of brown bear and moose.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area has been impacted on the western boundary by Potential roads, and to the north by the presence of a 138 KV powerline. Boats plying the waters on three sides of the area may be visible from within parts of the area, but usually are not intrusive. There is a good opportunity for solitude within the area, especially after one has gone a short distance from the roads. Generally, a person camped or traveling inland is likely to see others only occasionally. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,940 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is high, as roads could be extended from the existing system and the area could be logged without constructing a camp or additional log transfer facilities. There is potential for additional outfitter/guide permits, trails and cabins or shelters. There is also potential for use of off-road vehicles and snowmobiles. The area generally has a low minerals rating and there are no known current claims. Maintenance of the area or parts thereof in a roadless condition would enhance primitive recreation opportunities for those residents of Wrangell without boats.

C-90 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 290

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 00000018,542 0 Modified Landscape 0 860 860 860 860 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 540 00008,020 Scenic Viewshed 0 3,240 3,120 3,240 3,240 0 0 1,240 Semi-Remote Recreation 18,162 000000 0 Timber Production 0 14,442 14,022 14,442 14,442 18,542 0 9,281 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 380 000000 0 Grand Total 18,542 18,542 18,542 18,542 18,542 18,542 18,542 18,541

C-91 Appendix C

(301) Juneau-Skagway Ice Field National Forest acres: 1,191,195

Description The Juneau-Skagway Ice Field roadless area is located on the mainland and is bordered by Canada, Lynn Canal and the southern edge of the Juneau Ice Field above the Taku River drainage. There are several major rivers in the area. Berners Bay area is characterized by moderately-large streams with deltas which form a broad intertidal flat. A fish weir and tent camp site were recently authorized to ADF&G on the Berners River. Uses include many recreation ventures, research, and gold mining. For much of the area, vegetation is not present in any form because of the ice field. In areas that have been deglaciated, the land is in various stages of plant colonization, including lush alpine meadows, western hemlock/Sitka spruce forests, and some cottonwood. There are populations of black and brown bear, moose, mountain goat, wolf, wolverine, some migratory waterfowl, and bald eagle. There are no known threatened or endangered species, but peregrine falcon may migrate through. Two recreation cabins and several trails provide direct access into the area near Juneau. Special attractions include the Juneau Icefield, numerous glaciers and hanging waterfalls which offer unparalleled scenery and opportunities for mountaineering, skiing, ice and rock climbing, camping, and scenic viewing. Four potential Research Natural Areas have been identified because of the uniqueness and scientific values of the ecosystems represented. There is a variety of use in the area, including boating and kayaking, hunting, and flight-seeing or helicopter viewing.

Wilderness The area is generally unmodified and pristine except for two active mining claims in Potential the Berners Bay area and occasional camps of the Juneau Icefield Research Project. There is a great opportunity for solitude depending on what part of the area one is in. The Icefield provides dramatic remoteness. Along Lynn Canal there is air and water traffic, and within Berners Bay there is much recreation activity. The area provides primarily primitive and pristine recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 25,826 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is limited due to the Ice field and glaciers and rugged topography. The area in the immediate vicinity of Berners Bay was identified as Wilderness potential in Congressional legislation but, instead, 45,233 acres were designated LUD II in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. There is unparalleled opportunity for dispersed recreation. Opportunities for both moose and swan habitat enhancement have been identified. There is the possibility of building a road from Juneau to Skagway. Mineral potential is generally low, except in the Berners Bay area where two mines are being explored, and a major operation is proposed. The west side of the area is a major scenic backdrop for ferry and cruiseship passengers between Juneau and Skagway.

C-92 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 301

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 ANILCA Additions 000000462,973 0 Legislated LUD II 36,399 36,439 36,439 36,439 36,439 36,439 36,399 36,659 LUD II 000000691,784 0 LUD III Special 000000200 Modified Landscape 0 26,346 26,306 26,346 26,346 117,171 0 22,640 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 3,705 Other1 141 141 141 141 141 281 20 141 Remote Recreation 880,577 901,349 901,349 901,349 901,349 665,729 0 901,565 RNA 8,980 8,980 8,980 8,980 8,980 8,980 0 8,080 Scenic Viewshed 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 Semi-Remote Recreation 239,050 211,383 211,383 211,383 211,383 345,171 0 207,903 Special Interest Area 40 180 180 180 180 0 0 180 Timber Production 0 140 140 140 140 17,424 0 60 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 25,928 6,238 6,238 6,238 6,238 0 0 10,242 Grand Total 1,191,195 1,191,196 1,191,196 1,191,196 1,191,196 1,191,195 1,191,196 1,191,195

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-93 Appendix C

(302) Taku-Snettisham National Forest acres: 682,624

Description The Taku-Snettisham roadless area is located along the Coast Range south of Juneau, from the Taku River corridor to the Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness' northern boundary. The area is bordered by Stephens Passage on the west with two major river inlets: Taku Inlet and Port Snettisham. It is mountainous with deep saltwater fiords, several glaciers, and six major freshwater lakes. The area's history is long and varied, dating from prehistoric Tlingit use. The glacial Taku River is significant for fish production on an international scale, primarily salmon. Snettisham Fish Hatchery is a major State fish hatchery adjacent to the area. Limestone Inlet has been designated a Research Natural Area and the Yehring Creek area is a potential Research Natural Area. A powerline authorized by the Forest Service which serves the City and Borough of Juneau parallels the shoreline from the Snettishmam Power Plant north to Juneau. A powerline from Annex Creek to Juneau not drawn in the DEIS and SDEIS created a new roadless area named (313) Rhine. Vegetation primarily consists of typical spruce/hemlock forests. There are populations of moose, goat, brown and black bear, mink, marten, and beaver. There are 3 recreation cabins and several trails in the area. The majority of use occurs within one-quarter mile from the shoreline and is usually associated with boating, hunting, viewing scenery and wildlife, and fishing.

Wilderness The majority of the area appears to be untouched by human activity and there is Potential high opportunity for solitude, except near the shoreline, and where boat traffic, flightseeing over the glaciers, and the Taku Lodge occur. The area provides primarily primitive recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 56,713 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There is potential for timber harvest activity primarily in the Gilbert Bay-Williams Cove area. The area has high primitive and semi-primitive recreation potential. Because of the rugged terrain, use is concentrated, but additional trails and cabins would disperse, and possibly increase, use of the area. The area around Taku Inlet and River is heavily used for scenic flights and boat trips. Several moose and swan habitat improvement projects are planned for the future. State land selections include the Snettisham Hydroelectric project and reservoir area and a site near Dorothy Lake. There is the possibility of building a road from Juneau to Canada up the Taku River corridor. The area has been identified as having mineral development potential and there are several claims in the area.

C-94 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 302

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 383,225 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 273,763 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 859 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,803 0 Modified Landscape 0 29,912 24,740 29,912 29,037 346,312 0 21,892 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 19,709 0 54,451 0 0 15,131 Other1 1,312 2,093 2,093 2,093 1,597 2,372 1,973 1,774 Remote Recreation 410,853 227,785 227,785 227,785 183,857 0 0 209,657 RNA 6,339 8,606 8,606 8,606 8,606 8,606 0 8,606 Scenic Viewshed 0 32,786 23,058 32,786 32,647 0 0 20,615 Semi-Remote Recreation 235,807 363,043 363,043 363,043 349,586 259,750 0 387,503 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 4,464 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 18,398 13,589 18,398 18,379 65,583 0 17,445 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 28,313 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 682,624 682,623 682,623 682,623 682,624 682,623 682,623 682,623

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-95 Appendix C

(303) Sullivan National Forest acres: 56,237

Description The Sullivan roadless area is located on the west side of Lynn Canal and extends from the Forest boundary on the north to the Endicott River Wilderness boundary to the south. The western boundary abuts Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. It includes Sullivan Island in Lynn Canal. The area is generally characterized by rugged, scoured terrain with large, vertical relief, but at two river mouths, the shoreline is flat and accessible. The four adjacent harvest units on Lynn Canal cut in the 1960's have revegetated so they are no longer a strong detraction. Any documented historical use of this area has been minimal. Native use was probably limited to some hunting and gathering. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest, with frequent alluvial deposits supporting willow and alder. Mountain goats, moose, bear and wolves, mink and lynx, and some deer are the common wildlife species. There are no improved trails or recreation cabins in the area, but an airstrip is located adjacent to the area on an alluvial fan and receives use from hunters and occasional miners. A small parcel of private land is located on the southern tip of Sullivan Island. Primary use of the area is for hunting both moose and bear.

Wilderness The area has very good natural integrity as it is unmodified except for some mining Potential claims in the area. There is a high opportunity for solitude within the area, except along the shoreline where the sights and sounds of planes, ferries, boats or cruise ships may be heard, although Sullivan Island screens much of the water traffic. Some thinning is occurring on adjacent harvest units and some drilling may be occurring on some of the current mining claims. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 7,365 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Sullivan Island was considered for wilderness designation in Congressional legislation but was not included in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. There is a possibility to develop public recreation cabins within the area, but because of the difficulty and cost of access, the potential remains low. Outfitter and guide services may be increased in the future, especially in relation to big game hunting. The potential remains low for fish enhancement projects within the area. The area generally has Priority Two and Three mineral development potential ratings. Numerous mining claims exist and several Plans of Operation have been submitted. Occasionally, the topic of building a road to Haines surfaces, and most potential proposals indicate the west side of Lynn Canal as the route of choice.

C-96 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 303

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,237 0 Modified Landscape 0 8,001 8,001 8,001 8,001 56,237 0 9,041 Remote Recreation 30,323 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 7,148 7,148 7,148 7,148 0 0 882 Semi-Remote Recreation 25,914 41,088 41,088 41,088 41,088 0 0 46,314 Grand Total 56,237 56,237 56,237 56,237 56,237 56,237 56,237 56,237

C-97 Appendix C

(304) Chilkat-West Lynn Canal National Forest acres: 200,527

Description Chilkat-West Lynn Canal roadless area, characterized by the Chilkat Mountain Range which runs the entire north-south length of it, is bounded by the Endicott River Wilderness to the north and Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve to the west. Icy Strait, Excursion Inlet, and timber harvest units and roads border the southern tip of the area, where there are some small islands and documented prehistoric Tlingit sites. There is State land and private parcels in St. James Bay and at the north end of Excursion Inlet. Alascom has a special-use permit for a repeater station. The complexities of alpine tundra, scrub and old-growth forest, numerous small lakes, snowfields, steeply-walled glacial valleys and waterfalls are all special attractions of the area. As there are no improved trails or recreation cabins, recreation activities remain primarily dispersed and along the coastline. Moose and black bear hunting are increasing in popularity. Vegetation is typical coastal southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The area commonly supports goats, black and brown bear, deer, bald eagles, wolves, and moose. Sea mammal rookeries are found along the coastline and many streams support runs of Dolly Varden, steelhead and cutthroat trout.

Wilderness The roadless area is unmodified and, therefore maintains the natural integrity well. Potential There is a high opportunity for solitude within the interior, but the element of solitude is affected along the shore because of the substantial boating activities and flight corridors. The past timber sale activities on the southern boundary provide some additional access to the area. Popular commercial fishing grounds are adjacent to the southern portion of this area. Recreation opportunities consist primarily of primitive and semi-primitive, non-motorized activities.

Resources The area contains 34,927 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There is great potential to provide a variety of recreation opportunities within this area. The rugged interior offers the hiker, backpacker, and mountaineer a high degree of challenge. All-weather anchorages and interesting coves and beaches offer excellent opportunities for beachcombing, camping and picnicking. Generally, the area has low mineral potential, but there are numerous known current claims. One site in the lower Endicott River area has been identified as an inventoried potential Research Natural Area. Periodically the idea of a proposed highway north to Haines surfaces. If one were to be built, this roadless area would be one possible route. As populations rise in nearby communities, use of this area will undoubtedly increase.

C-98 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 304

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,949 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 152,578 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 200,407 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 56,610 0 0 0 0 13,073 Other1 20 120 120 120 120 120 0 120 Remote Recreation 108,717 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 52,837 13,955 52,837 52,837 0 0 32,691 Semi-Remote Recreation 91,008 116,644 116,644 116,644 116,644 0 0 139,331 Timber Production 0 30,925 13,197 30,925 30,925 0 0 15,311 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 781 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 200,526 200,526 200,526 200,526 200,526 200,527 200,527 200,526

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-99 Appendix C

(305) Juneau Urban National Forest acres: 102,350

Description The Juneau Urban roadless area is located on the Juneau mainland and includes land from Echo Cove, north to City and Borough of Juneau land boundaries, and south to the Lemon Creek area. Glaciers and icefalls, combined with the surrounding ridges of over 3,000-4,000 feet, are the most dramatic features of the area. Tlingit Natives lived in the area long before the Gold Rush days which began in 1880 and spurred the rapid establishment of Juneau. Glacier Highway runs generally north to south and provides easy access to this entire area. There are numerous trails and three popular recreations cabins in the area. The Mendenhall Glacier Recreation Area and a large campground are within and adjacent to the area. There are many special-use permits associated with outfitters and guides, including helicopter landing tours on the Icefield. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. There are populations of mountain goats, furbearers, black and brown bear, and numerous waterfowl and upland birds, however deer populations are impacted because of severe winter conditions and generally high predator populations. Most of the local use is for recreation, including hunting, excellent fishing, and activities in support of tourism. There is local interest and concern regarding availability of firewood.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for cabins, trails, and mining claims. In addition, Potential regular air traffic, flightseeing tours, and helicopter landing tours likely contribute to impacting the ecological processes in the area. There is low opportunity for solitude in this area for the previous reasons, plus noise from the Juneau road system. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 30,673 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Timber sales within this area would be controversial because of its close proximity to Juneau and the high recreation use of the area. Interest is high regarding any management decisions made for this area. Recreation potential is high, including both developed and dispersed projects. Several fish habitat improvement projects have been identified, as well as several waterfowl habitat improvement projects. This area encompasses much of what is known as the Juneau Gold Belt and is recognized as an area of high mineral development potential, priority one. Recently, there has been renewed interest in mineral exploration. A parcel of 48 acres has been recently conveyed to the State in the Eagle River area and the Auke Cape/Lena Cove parcel of 653 acres is also selected.

C-100 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 305

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 6,132 6,132 6,132 6,132 6,132 6,132 6,132 6,132 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,709 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,002 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,506 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 20,355 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 4,634 0 0 0 0 3,296 Other1 20 0 0 0 0 3,157 0 0 Remote Recreation 26,068 9,229 9,229 9,229 9,229 0 0 9,289 Scenic Viewshed 659 29,443 24,809 29,443 29,443 0 0 26,107 Semi-Remote Recreation 58,262 49,333 49,333 49,333 49,333 0 0 50,012 Special Interest Area 7,413 7,513 7,513 7,513 7,513 7,453 0 7,513 Timber Production 0 699 699 699 699 65,253 0 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 3,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 102,349 102,349 102,349 102,349 102,349 102,350 102,349 102,349

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-101 Appendix C

(306) Mansfield Peninsula National Forest acres: 54,773

Description The Mansfield Peninsula roadless area is located on Mansfield Peninsula which is the northern most portion of Admiralty Island. It is surrounded by Stephens Passage to the east and Lynn Canal/Chatham Strait to the west. The southern boundary is adjacent to the road recently constructed from Young Bay to Greens Creek Mine. Several excellent anchorages are found adjacent to the peninsula, including Funter Bay, Hawk Inlet, and Barlow Cove. Native use of the area focused on fishing and hunting. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rainforest. There is a large population of brown bear as well as Sitka black-tailed deer. Smaller animals include furbearers such as mink, marten, and beaver. Approximately 10-13 isolated hunter or recreation residence cabins are under special-use permit in this area with minor trails for access, but no public recreation cabins exist. Primary attractions include good anchorages, and high-quality hunting and fishing opportunities in a location easily accessible by private boats, planes or helicopters from the capital city of Juneau.

Wilderness The area has been modified by mining claims, and access routes to these claims, Potential for many years altering the natural integrity of the area. There is low opportunity for solitude within the area because of the numerous floatplanes, helicopters, boats, ferries, and cruise ships traveling to, near, or over this peninsula. There are primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities in the area.

Resources The area contains 22,742 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The area generally has a priority one high mineral development potential rating. Active mining claims and associated patented land are found here to a large extent. Recreation potential for this peninsula is moderately high because of its close proximity to a large population center. Public recreation cabins that can be accessed by saltwater are desired. Heli-hiking opportunities in the alpine may become more popular. A parcel at Hawk Inlet was nominated but not recommended for State selection, as was a parcel near Young Bay. A parcel at Funter Bay has been selected as well as a parcel on the east side of the peninsula south of Colt Island.

C-102 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 306

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,773 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 12,719 0 0 Remote Recreation 5,121 0 0 00000 Semi-Remote Recreation 49,653 54,773 54,773 54,773 54,773 42,055 0 54,773 Grand Total 54,774 54,773 54,773 54,773 54,773 54,774 54,773 54,773

C-103 Appendix C

(307) Greens Creek National Forest acres: 27,476

Description The Greens Creek roadless area is located on Admiralty Island and is directly north of Admiralty Island National Monument Wilderness. The northern boundary is formed by the access road to Greens Creek Mine that traverses from Young Bay to Hawk Inlet. VCU 144 is designated Non-Wilderness National Monument Lands, with 16,710 acres. Young Bay Experimental Forest is located in VCU 133. Both are included as part of this roadless area. Historically, Tlingit clans used the area as a seasonal subsistence procurement area, and seasonal camps and at least one village site have been noted. Remains of other historical buildings can still be seen. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Important populations of wildlife in the area are brown bear, deer, bald eagles, waterfowl, shorebirds, and furbearers such as mink, marten, otter, and beaver. Although there are no known threatened or endangered species, two species of peregrine falcon may migrate through.

Wilderness The area appears modified to some extent due to the mining operations, road, and Potential past historic activities which are all visible. Opportunities for solitude vary depending upon one's location. Away from the developed facilities or shorelines, much of the area is not accessible by boat or floatplane, and the opportunity for solitude increases dramatically. The area provides primarily a semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 3,640 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 18,090 acres of this area as portrayed in the DEIS as Wilderness, calling it the Young Lake addition to the existing Kootznoowoo Wilderness. The area generally has a high mineral development potential, priority-one minerals rating, in the vicinity of Greens Creek mine. The State had nominated 841 acres near Young Bay for selection but did not propose selection. This is because State ownership would be perceived as a conflict with the Greens Creek Mine non-development concept for the Hawk Inlet and Young Bay areas. This non-development concept is to last thirty years, the expected life of the mine.

C-104 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 307

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Experimental Forest 6,627 6,627 6,627 6,627 6,627 6,627 0 6,627 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,626 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 5,019 0 0 Non-Wild. Monument 15,849 15,729 15,729 15,729 15,729 15,729 15,849 15,729 Other1 0 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 Semi-Remote Recreation 5,000 5,019 5,019 5,019 5,019 0 0 5,019 Grand Total 27,476 27,475 27,475 27,475 27,475 27,475 27,475 27,475

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-105 Appendix C

(308) Windham-Port Houghton National Forest acres: 162,390

Description The Windham-Port Houghton roadless area is located directly south of Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness and is bordered to the west by Stephens Passage. The southern and eastern boundaries lie along the administrative boundary between the Chatham and Stikine Areas of the Tongass National Forest. Parts of four VCUs in the area are Native land selections at Hobart Bay. The topography of the area is typical of glaciated valleys in southeast Alaska. Hobart Bay is being actively logged presently by Goldbelt, Inc. There is evidence that portions of this area have been used since prehistoric times, including petroglyphs in Windham Bay. In more recent history, evidence of small homesteads, logging, mining, and fox farms from the 1800's to early 1900's can still be found. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The area supports a rich wildlife population, including black and brown bear, moose, deer, wolves, mountain goats, mink, marten, and beaver. There are two minor trails in the area, but no public recreation cabins. Most use of the area is located near saltwater or major creeks and is associated with commercial and sport fishing, hunting, beachcombing, mining, and crabbing.

Wilderness The area itself is unmodified, except for the abandoned fox farms, cabins, and Potential upland mining claims. There are vast opportunities for solitude within a large portion of the area, except in the immediate vicinity of Hobart Bay. There is no regular air traffic into or over the area. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 73,864 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 74,990 acres as the Chuck River Wilderness. A timber sale offering in the next 10 to 15 years is likely. Recreation potential focuses primarily on primitive and semi-primitive opportunities. There is potential for developed recreation, but because of the distance from any population center, use may be low. One fish habitat improvement project in Port Houghton has been identified. Portions of this area, especially in the Windham Bay area, are considered to have high mineral development potential, priority three. There are known current claims near Endicott Arm and Windham Bay and significant mining occurred in the 1880's. There are 481 acres of private land within the area, primarily located in Dry Bay.

C-106 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 308

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD I Release 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,043 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 114,367 0 Old Growth Habitat 15,532 0 11,509 0 0 0 0 33,371 Other1 0 4 40 40 40 40 0 20 Remote Recreation 51,941 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 17,614 13,005 17,614 17,614 0 0 24,726 Semi-Remote Recreation 94,936 179 179 179 179 0 0 519 Timber Production 0 144,556 137,656 144,556 144,556 162,349 0 103,753 Grand Total 162,390 162,390 162,390 162,390 162,390 162,390 162,390 162,390

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-107 Appendix C

(310) Douglas Island National Forest acres: 28,149

Description The Douglas Island roadless area is located on a portion of Douglas Island located directly across Gastineau Channel from Juneau. City and Borough of Juneau lands border this area on all sides except to the west, along the coast, which is Native-owned land. The City and Borough-managed ski area is located directly in the center of this roadless area which is accessed by Eaglecrest Road. The history of the area is tied to Juneau since the Gold Rush days and some historical remains still exist. The area is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest, with some areas above treeline but no permanent snowfields or lakes. There are some black bear, Sitka black-tailed deer, marten, mink and ermine. Two trails are included in the area and one recreation cabin which is popular year-round. The area, with its immediate proximity to Juneau and Douglas, receives heavy use for hunting, hiking, scenery viewing, camping, climbing, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling.

Wilderness The roadless area is essentially unmodified except in the area of the trails and Potential cabin, but the close proximity to roads and to an urban environment affect its natural integrity as does the presence of the developed ski area in the core of the island. Due to all the urban, recreational, air and boat traffic, there is little opportunity for solitude, especially on the northeast side of the island facing the urban area. There are primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunities available.

Resources The area contains 12,874 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is poor because of the extensive alpine/muskeg environment and lack of appropriate timber to make such activity financially feasible. Also, its close proximity to Juneau would most likely create controversy over such actions. There is high interest in providing recreational opportunities, on this area and Douglas Island as a whole, for the community of Juneau. Winter sports and recreation cabin use are important to local residents, with the easily-accessible alpine environment a primary attractor. A trail/hut system in conjunction with a trail circumnavigating Douglas Island has been under discussion. The island has been identified as an area of potential mineral development. Currently, there are several claims in the southwest portion of the area.

C-108 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 310

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,149 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 5,501 00000 Other1 8000008000 Scenic Viewshed 0 5,902 400 5,902 5,902 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 28,070 22,168 22,168 22,168 22,168 0 0 28,070 Timber Production 0 80 80 80 80 28,070 0 80 Grand Total 28,150 28,150 28,149 28,150 28,150 28,150 28,149 28,150

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-109 Appendix C

(311) Chichagof National Forest acres: 556,271

Description The Chichagof roadless area is located on Chichagof Island. The boundaries of this very mountainous area are extremely uneven, but it includes most of the central portion of Chichagof Island. There are many creeks and rivers, lakes, bays and fiords, saltwater estuaries, and a rocky shoreline. The towns of Pelican on Lisianski Inlet and Elfin Cove at Port Althorp and two logging camps are encompassed by the area. The area is rich in history, including historic and prehistoric Native sites, use by John Muir, exploration by Captain Vancouver, and fishing and homesteading use. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife in the area include brown bear, deer, marten, red squirrel, bald eagle, waterfowl, and seal. The Peale's peregrine falcon migrate through the forest, and humpback whales inhabit nearby waters. There are no recreation cabins in the area, but two trails exist. There is a wide variety of recreation use of the area, including hiking, camping, kayaking, fishing, hunting, boating, etc. There are many special-use permits, a shelter at Little Saltery Bay, and 20 unpatented mining claims. Other special features include hot springs at Hoonah Sound, and marble formations at Basket Bay.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for isolated areas. Adjacent nearby areas to the east Potential have been heavily modified from roading, logging, mining, and communities, but have not had a significant influence on the overall roadless area. The opportunity for solitude is very high, enhanced by the adjacent West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness to the west, however logging on the adjacent Huna Totem and Sealaska private lands for the next few years will adversely affect solitude in the north west portion, while Forest Service authorized logging activities will affect the solitude in the southeast portion. Regular and charter airflights over the area occur, but are transitory and short term in nature. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive non-motorized opportunities, but it is evident that vehicles do use parts of the area.

Resources The area contains 65,387 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There currently is approved timber harvest activity with access from the Corner Bay, False Island and Sitkoh Bay road systems in the east portion of the roadless area. Future timber sale offerings are likely. A large portion of the area (301,406 acres) became the Lisianski/Upper Hoonah Sound, Kadashan, and Point Adolphus/Mud Bay LUD II areas, while Inian and Lemesurier Island groups were designated Wilderness, all in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. There is very high recreation potential, and many trail and cabin projects have been identified, as well as two wildlife habitat management projects. The area is highly rated for salmon production. Tonalite Creek has been recommended for Research Natural Area designation. Portions of the area have a high potential for development of locatable minerals; several mining operations are currently in operation. Subsistence use takes place throughout most of the area and includes hunting, fishing, and gathering.

C-110 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 311

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 234,778 234,518 234,518 234,518 234,518 234,478 234,639 234,558 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,513 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,150 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,262 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 174,687 0 Modified Landscape 0 13,469 9,792 13,469 13,449 0 0 5,036 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 28,768 0 0 0 0 66,988 Other1 1,081 160 160 160 160 1,162 20 160 Remote Recreation 101,084 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 8,293 6,093 8,293 8,293 0 0 2,777 Semi-Remote Recreation 216,768 38,159 38,159 38,159 38,159 38,239 0 38,739 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 7,186 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 261,672 238,780 261,672 254,506 282,392 0 208,012 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 2,559 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 556,270 556,271 556,270 556,271 556,271 556,271 556,271 556,271

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-111 Appendix C

(312) Trap Bay National Forest acres: 13,359

Description The Trap Bay roadless area, having four well-defined ridge systems and three large drainages, is located on the east side of Chichagof Island. Tenakee Inlet forms the northern boundary, and Chatham Strait borders on the east. Much of the land boundaries are timber harvest areas. Saltwater bays and estuaries are numerous and exhibit much variety for a small area. Tlingit villages and sites for seasonal hunting, fishing, and collecting activities were located throughout the area. Tenakee Springs and the Corner Bay logging camp are nearby logging communities. Fishing, especially for salmon, is a major, resident subsistence activity. Sport and commercial fishing in area waters is common. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include brown bear, deer, marten, mink, otter, bald eagles, and a few bird species. There are two federal and one State research cabins in the Trap Bay area, but no recreation cabins in the area. There is one special-use permit in VCU 238 for an electronic site. There are a number of outfitters and guides with special-use permits operating. Special features include Trap Mountain plus the spectacular autumn colors in the alpine zone. Local uses include hunting, hiking, fishing, and boating.

Wilderness Other than the areas adjacent to timber harvest activities, the area appears natural Potential and unmodified. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude around the shorelines because of the constant activities of the Corner Bay logging camp and Tenakee Springs. Boats and small planes use this area regularly. Due to lack of access and use, the interior would provide greater solitude. Much of the area provides semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 1,655 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in part of the area is high as there are large areas with operable timber and access roads, although the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 6,595 acres in the area as LUD II. There are recreation opportunities at Kook Lake, including trails. There is potential for the introduction of mountain goats in the Trap Bay Mountain area and on the adjoining ridge systems. Mineral development potential is low.

C-112 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 312

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 6,735 6,475 6,475 6,475 6,475 6,455 6,455 6,475 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 718 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,186 0 Modified Landscape 0 300 300 300 300 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 1,892 00001,155 Scenic Viewshed 0 0 0 0000340 Semi-Remote Recreation 6,624 0 0 00000 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 2,715 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 6,584 4,692 6,584 3,869 6,904 0 5,389 Grand Total 13,359 13,359 13,359 13,359 13,359 13,359 13,359 13,359

C-113 Appendix C

(313) Rhine National Forest acres: 23,015

Description The Rhine roadless area is located southeast of Juneau and is bounded by the Snettisham Powerline, Gastineau Channel, and the Annex Creek Powerline. The area's history is long and varied, dating from prehistoric Tlingit use. The glacial Taku River is significant for fish production on an international scale, primarily salmon. Vegetation primarily consists of typical spruce/hemlock forests. There are populations of goat, brown and black bear, mink, marten, and beaver. The majority of use occurs within one-quarter mile from the shoreline and is usually associated with boating, hunting, viewing scenery and wildlife, and fishing.

Wilderness The area is influenced greatly by its close proximity to Juneau. There is a moderate Potential opportunity for solitude, because of boat and ship traffic, flightseeing to the glaciers, and other air traffic. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 4,807 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The area has high semi-primitive recreation potential and can be accessed by trail from Sheep Creek Valley. The area around Taku Inlet and River is heavily used for scenic flights and boat trips. There is the possibility of building a road from Juneau to Canada up the Taku River corridor.

C-114 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 313

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,758 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,983 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 439 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,835 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 18,248 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 9,819 00001,915 Other1 2000002000 Remote Recreation 20 0 0 00000 Scenic Viewshed 0 18,263 8,464 18,263 18,263 0 0 17,405 Semi-Remote Recreation 22,975 2,898 2,898 2,898 2,898 0 0 2,898 Timber Production 0 1,855 1,835 1,855 1,855 4,746 0 798 Grand Total 23,015 23,016 23,016 23,016 23,016 23,014 23,015 23,016

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-115 Appendix C

(314) Point Craven National Forest acres: 10,978

Description The Point Craven roadless area is located on Chichagof Island, north of Peril Strait, south of Sitkoh Creek and west of Sitkoh Bay. The community of Hoonah is about 49 miles to the north, and Sitka is about 32 miles to the south. The area is characterized by narrow river valleys, surrounded by steep mountains. Native peoples from the Sitka, Hoonah, and Angoon areas apparently used the area as there is evidence of sites and villages in and around the area. Early European entries were tied to hunting and exploration. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. There are high populations of wildlife, including brown bear, deer, marten, mink, otter, bald eagles and a few resident bird species. Sport and subsistence deer hunting is very important in this area. Four types of salmon are valuable for commercial, subsistence and sport fishing in the area's waters. The steelhead run in Sitkoh Creek is one of the few major runs on islands in southeast Alaska and is heavily used. Although the wildlife and natural beauty are attractions, there is little to distinguish this roadless area from many other areas. There are no cabins or improved trails, although the popular Sitkoh Lake cabin is adjacent to the northwestern corner of this area.

Wilderness Other than the adjacent timber harvest areas, this area appears natural and Potential unmodified. The opportunity for solitude is high once away from the coastal areas where there is heavy ferry, cruiseship, barge, and fishing boat traffic. There are high altitude overflights from commercial airliners and occasional small aircraft flights which may provide some distraction. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 4,216 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. A timber sale offering is likely in the next 5 years. The potential exists to enhance semi-primitive recreation opportunities, however it is low. The area is commonly used by outfitter/guides and potential is high for increases in permits in the Sitkoh Creek area. The development potential for minerals is low or non-existent in the entire area. There are two unconveyed Native allotments on Sitkoh Bay. There has been strong concern expressed about the ability to maintain subsistence use in the Sitkoh Bay area.

C-116 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 314

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 00000010,978 0 Modified Landscape 0 159 159 159 159 0 0 159 Old Growth Habitat 00000005,422 Scenic Viewshed 0 2,342 2,342 2,342 2,342 0 0 1,082 Semi-Remote Recreation 10,180 000000 0 Timber Production 0 8,476 8,476 8,476 8,476 10,978 0 4,314 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 798 000000 0 Grand Total 10,978 10,977 10,977 10,977 10,977 10,978 10,978 10,977

C-117 Appendix C

(317) Point Augusta National Forest acres: 15,399

Description The Point Augusta roadless area, characterized by rounded mountains and long flowing streams, is located on the northeastern coast of Chichagof Island with Whitestone Harbor adjacent to its northwestern corner. Icy and Chatham Straits are to the north and the east respectively. False Bay and the Hoonah road system border to the south and west. There is evidence of prehistoric Native use in nearby areas indicating probable use here. At the time of Euroamerican contact, the Hoonah and Angoon Tlingit used this area of Chichagof Island. Hoonah is 10 miles to the north. Anchorages have been identified in Whitestone Harbor and False Bay. Permitted outfitters and guides use this area, and there is a special-use permit for a lighthouse reserve in the area. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. There is important deer winter habitat in this area and bald eagles nest and roost in trees along the shoreline and into the major drainages. Iyouktug Creek is an anadromous stream for pink and chum salmon. There are no recreation cabins and no unusual features in the area. Most of the use of the area is associated with the Hoonah residents, including boating, hunting and subsistence.

Wilderness Recent timber harvest within this roadless area has had an effect on the southern Potential part of this roadless area. Away from the road that nearly bisects the area, moderate opportunities for solitude exist. The possibility of meeting other people is likely around the saltwater bays. The western and southern borders are modified by roading and harvesting which would be disruptive during timber operation. The area provides primarily an opportunity for semi-primitive non-motorized recreation.

Resources The area contains 7,679 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing nearby road system, log transfer facility, and the logging camp at Hoonah make the management of timber harvest economical. There is little recreation potential, although in 1979 there was a proposal to build an alpine trail system. A marine park is programmed for the Whitestone Harbor area. A fish pass project was completed in 1990 in Suntaheen Creek. There is no potential for mineral development. An increase in outfitter/guide use is probable. There is one Native land selection in this roadless area. Local issues concerning this area range from the economics of timber harvest to environmental issues.

C-118 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 317

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,399 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 10,160 0 10,160 0 0 10,959 Scenic Viewshed 0 4,499 1,339 4,499 1,339 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 15,399 0 0 00000 Timber Production 0 10,899 3,899 10,899 3,899 15,399 0 4,440 Grand Total 15,399 15,398 15,398 15,398 15,398 15,399 15,399 15,399

C-119 Appendix C

(318) Whitestone National Forest acres: 5,720

Description The Whitestone roadless area, a flat expanse of land about seven miles long and three miles wide, is located on the northeast side of Chichagof Island. Icy Strait borders the north, Whitestone Harbor the east, and the southern edge is bordered by harvested and roaded areas. Saltwater bays and estuaries are numerous and exhibit much variety. An anchorage is located in the northwest corner of Whitestone Harbor, a desirable harbor which receives heavy use from Hoonah boaters and transient mariners. The nearest community is Hoonah, 12 miles northwest, which provides most of the recreation, hunting and fishing activities in the area. Sites in nearby areas indicate prehistoric Native use of the area, and there are cultural resource evidence such as petroglyphs in the area. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The shoreline is considered important deer habitat and the entire area is deer and brown bear habitat. Small mammals include marten and red squirrel. The Peale's peregrine falcon migrates through this area and is on the Federal Endangered and Threatened Species list. Except for permits for outfitter and guides, there are no other special-use permits in the area. There are no recreation use cabins in the area.

Wilderness The area has been unmodified by human development so has good natural Potential integrity. A high opportunity for solitude exists in this area in the interior, but along the shorelines and boundaries formed by roads and harvesting, opportunity for solitude diminishes. The area provides primarily semi-primitive non-motorized and semi-primitive motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 2,240 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing nearby road systems make the management of this area for timber harvest economical. Because of the area's easy accessibility to Hoonah residents, there is increased recreational hunting and gathering potential. A marine park with outdoor recreation vehicle facilities has been proposed for Whitestone Harbor. In lower Suntaheen Creek, there are proposed log weirs for fish rearing and spawning habitat. There is no known mineral potential. Increased use by outfitter/guides is probable with an increased need. There are two Native withdrawals within this area. Local issues range from environmental issues to timber economics. Natives of Hoonah who use the area for subsistence gathering, feel that development and increased recreation are causing a scarcity of subsistence resources in their local area.

C-120 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 318

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,720 0 Modified Landscape 0 900 900 900 900 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,160 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,340 1,340 1,340 1,340 0 0 1,560 Semi-Remote Recreation 5,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 3,480 3,480 3,480 3,480 5,720 0 3,000 Grand Total 5,720 5,720 5,720 5,720 5,720 5,720 5,720 5,720

C-121 Appendix C

(319) Pavlof-East Point National Forest acres: 5,500

Description The Pavlof-East Point roadless area is located on the east side of Chichagof Island and is bounded by Chatham Strait, and Freshwater Bay. Timber harvest units and roads form the inland boundary. The nearest communities are the Kennel Creek logging camp and Tenakee Springs. The large Pavlof drainage includes a river and lake which have significant salmon runs, waterfalls and a bay. Prehistoric information is limited, but it is very probable that this area was used by inhabitants of the region. At the time of Euroamerican contact, the Hoonah and Angoon Tlingit used this area of Chichagof Island. There are many historical Native, trading, and fishing sites. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The area contains deer winter range; bald eagles roost and nest along the shoreline; Peale's peregrine falcon, which are on the Federal Endangered and Threatened Species List, migrate through the forest. The area has two recreation cabins, and several trails. Activities in the area include boating, fishing, kayaking, hiking, and hunting. Pavlof Harbor is a special feature because it offers protection from the weather on four sides, and therefore is used consistently by transit vessels. A State selection is located at Pavlof Lake and special-use permits have been issued for cabins north of Pavlof Harbor and at Wachusett Cove.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area has not been modified heavily by human activities. Potential This area as a whole does not offer a high opportunity for solitude due to the Forest Service work center, road systems and logging camp, the population at Tenakee Springs, and the air and boat traffic. Only at the Pavlof Harbor and Lake would one experience a protected opportunity for solitude. The area does provide primarily semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 3,740 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing nearby road systems and logging camp make the management for timber harvest economical. Recreation potential includes additional cabin and trail construction, and possibly a campground on the lake. Pavlof Lake is also being considered for a fertilization program. Wildlife habitat improvement projects are possible. The potential for increased outfitter and guide use is probable as need increases. The area was identified as having mineral development potential. Local issues range from timber economics to environmental issues.

C-122 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 319

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,240 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,260 0 Modified Landscape 0 3,980 3,980 3,980 3,060 0 0 340 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,460 Scenic Viewshed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 Semi-Remote Recreation 4,620 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 1,340 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 1,520 1,520 1,520 1,100 5,500 0 980 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500

C-123 Appendix C

(321) Tenakee Ridge National Forest acres: 20,562

Description Tenakee Ridge roadless area is a narrow rugged mountainous ridge on southeastern Chichagof Island adjacent to the community of Tenakee Springs. The area is surrounded by timber harvest areas and roads on all sides. Principal features include the upper, unharvested, reaches of the Indian River, Pavlof River and Freshwater Creek drainages, which have high fishery and brown bear habitat values. The area has numerous cultural resource sites attributed to the Hoonah and Angoon Tlingit. Use of the area is primarily hunting, fishing and subsistence including wood gathering. There are no recreation facilities or constructed trails. The visual character of the area is common.

Wilderness The area is not modified by management activities, but due to adjacent harvest areas does not represent the full range of ecosystems typical of the maritime character of Chichagof Island. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude due in part to the lack of developed trails and features which concentrate use. Opportunity for primitive recreation is reduced by the proximity to roads and harvest areas on all sides. Although the road system offers a definable boundary, boundaries do not follow natural features.

Resources The area contains 3,920 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing logging road system adjacent to the area increases the economic potential of timber harvest in this area. The area has identified mineral potential. Potential for recreation development is limited to one identified potential trail connecting to Tenakee Springs. Use for subsistence activities and personal use wood gathering is likely to continue or increase.

C-124 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 321

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 00000013,061 0 LUD III Special 0000002,080 0 LUD IV 0000005,421 0 Modified Landscape 0 20 20 20 0 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 2,560 0 980 0 0 2,560 Other1 00000200 0 Scenic Viewshed 000000020 Semi-Remote Recreation 19,982 000000 0 Special Interest Area 00006,041 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 20,542 17,982 20,542 13,541 20,542 0 17,982 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 580 000000 0 Grand Total 20,562 20,562 20,562 20,562 20,562 20,562 20,562 20,562

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-125 Appendix C

(323) Game Creek National Forest acres: 54,434

Description The Game Creek roadless area, characterized by mountain ridges and drainages with wide open areas, is located in the middle of Chichagof Island. It is an irregular shaped area, surrounded and dissected by timber harvest roads and areas. At the time of Euroamerican contact, the Hoonah and Angoon Tlingit used this area. There are many Native sites, including petroglyphs and a burial site. The area is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The Upper Game Creek area has important wildlife habitat and there are several areas of important deer winter range in the area. Bald eagles roost and nest along the shore and Peale's peregrine falcon migrate through the forest. Game Creek is a major anadromous stream. Special features include some unusually large muskegs which provide openings for hunting and hiking, and the obviously glacially caused U-shaped valleys of Seagull Creek and Upper Game Creek. There are no recreation cabins or formal trails in the area, although recreation activities are numerous, including kayaking, dispersed camping, nature study, and saltwater boating and fishing. There is one Native selection in the area.

Wilderness The area has been heavily modified and the natural integrity is not high. There is Potential moderate opportunity for solitude in the area between centers of human activity. The area is surrounded by road systems, and much of the recreation is associated with them. Recreation opportunities are primarily semi-primitive.

Resources The area contains 15,916 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing nearby road systems and logging camp make the management of this area for timber harvest economical. Recreation potential includes increased hunting, fishing, dispersed camping, and possibly an alpine trail in VCU 204. Fish improvements are possible in Freshwater Creek drainage, Lake Creek, and Game Creek Drainage. An increase in outfitter/guide use of this area is predicted. There is mineral development potential in the area. One important issue to the people of the area is the maintenance of subsistence resources.

C-126 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 323

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,815 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,339 0 Modified Landscape 0 2,380 1,221 2,380 1,221 0 0 200 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 26,163 0 24,005 0 0 17,538 Semi-Remote Recreation 54,434 0 0 00000 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 4,118 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 52,054 27,051 52,054 25,091 54,434 0 36,697 Grand Total 54,434 54,434 54,435 54,434 54,435 54,434 54,434 54,435

C-127 Appendix C

(325) Freshwater Bay National Forest acres: 45,186

Description The Freshwater Bay roadless area is located on the northeast corner of Chichagof Island, including the northern shore of Freshwater Bay. The northern boundaries are Huna Totem and Sealaska Corporations lands which have been extensively roaded and logged; the remaining borders are harvested areas and logging roads, as the area was part of the APC long-term timber sale area. These operations have dissected the roadless area into an irregular shape. The area is quite mountainous with large deep stream drainages, but there are some flat areas at the head of Freshwater Bay. Nearby prehistoric sites indicate use in this area. At the time of Euroamerican contact, the Hoonah and Angoon Tlingit were using this area which existing sites can attest to. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, bear, Vancouver Canada geese, and bald eagle. Fishing, especially for salmon, in the abundant streams is a major source of subsistence for local residents. Sport and commercial fishing in area waters is common, too. There is an identified anchorage in False Bay, providing access to the area. There are also many identified recreation places for hiking, dispersed camping, kayaking, etc., although there are no recreation use cabins. A number of outfitter/guides use this area. The Iyoukeen Peninsula, which is four miles long and 1/8 miles wide, is a special feature. There are two Native land selections and the patented Gypsum Mines private land in the area.

Wilderness Recent timber harvest and road building have modified this roadless area from that Potential of the DEIS. The opportunity for solitude is not high because of the new roads, and there is the possibility of hearing logging operations and traffic from surrounding road systems. The area provides primarily semi-primitive recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 11,801 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing nearby road systems and logging camp make the management of this area for timber harvest economical. An additional timber sale offering is likely in the next 10 to 15 years. Recreation potential includes trail and shelter construction and increased outfitter/guide use. Various fish and wildlife projects have potential. The area was identified as having a moderate potential for mineral development. Local issues range from timber economics to environmental issues.

C-128 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 325

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,920 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,266 0 Modified Landscape 0 3,780 1,420 3,780 1,100 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 7,120 0 6,120 0 0 21,981 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,659 1,100 1,659 740 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 45,186 0 0 000060 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 11,101 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 39,746 35,546 39,746 26,125 45,186 0 23,145 Grand Total 45,186 45,185 45,186 45,185 45,186 45,186 45,186 45,186

C-129 Appendix C

(326) North Kruzof National Forest acres: 32,687

Description The North Kruzof roadless area is located on the northern end of Kruzof Island and also includes Partofshikof Island to the east and a number of offshore islands and rocks. The area is bounded by Salisbury Sound, the Pacific Ocean, Neva Strait and Krestof Sound, and the southern boundary is a roaded and harvested area. The area is characterized by small irregular mountains, rocky islands, reefs and rock bluffs on the coast, and numerous bays and fiords that provide sheltered anchorage for boats. This large area has a long and varied history of use dating from Tlingit use in prehistoric and historic times to the present use by a variety of Alaska residents and visitors. Use of the area has been primarily for hunting, fishing, boating, recreation, and temporary occupancy. There is one improved trail at Sealion Cove, but no recreation cabins. There are a number of authorized special uses existing in the area. The proximity of this area to the open North Pacific Ocean and the unimpeded movement of storms into the area from the southwest results in a high rainfall affecting the species somewhat, but it is primarily typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, brown bear, bald eagle, and birds and waterfowl rearing and nesting areas are abundant. Special features include a beautiful mile-long white sand beach at Sealion Cove and the often dramatic high energy seas on the outer coast.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the evidence of current and historic use, mostly Potential near the shoreline, which have a very low impact on the natural integrity. There is a moderate to high opportunity for solitude within the area and only an occasional airplane or boat would disturb anyone. The area provides a moderate to high opportunity for primitive recreation as a result of the area's size, landscape, many recreational opportunities, and physical challenges.

Resources The area contains 9,992 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on the development of high market values and harvest methods without extensive roading. Potential for recreation is mainly for cabin construction. There are some opportunities for fish and wildlife improvement projects. There is a low potential for mineral development.

C-130 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 326

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,033 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,634 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 10,621 000011,520 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Remote Recreation 0 5,619 5,619 5,619 5,619 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 5,434 3,357 5,434 5,434 0 0 180 Semi-Remote Recreation 32,667 0 0 0 0 31,507 0 11,216 Timber Production 0 21,615 13,070 21,615 21,615 1,160 0 9,752 Grand Total 32,687 32,688 32,687 32,688 32,688 32,687 32,687 32,688

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-131 Appendix C

(327) Middle Kruzof National Forest acres: 14,720

Description The Middle Kruzof roadless area is a narrow L-shaped area in the middle of Kruzof Island which wraps around a large area of road systems and timber activity. It also includes the Nedezhda Island in Krestof Sound and a number of small offshore islands and rocks. The area is bordered on two sides by saltwater, including the Pacific Ocean and Krestof Sound. The other two borders are roads and timber harvest areas. Access is good due to the bays that provide sheltered anchorage for boats, and the area's proximity to Sitka. This area has a long and varied history of use dating from Tlingit use in prehistoric and historic times to the present use by a variety of Alaska residents and visitors. Use of the area has been primarily for hunting, fishing, recreation, and temporary occupancy. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer and brown bear, bald eagles, and bird and waterfowl rearing and nesting areas are abundant. There are no improved trails, recreation cabins, or attractions of special interest other than the natural features.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for evidence of current and historic use of the area, Potential which has had a very low affect on the natural integrity of the area. However, the narrow shape of the area makes it hard to ignore the adjacent timber harvests. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Recreation use of the area is relatively limited and dispersed, so that encounters with others are unlikely. The sights and sounds of planes and boats can occasionally intrude on solitude, and road and off-road motorized recreation can be heard. The area provides semi-primitive recreation opportunities as a result of its size and shape.

Resources The area contains 5,627 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on the development of high market values and harvest methods which do not require extensive roading. Recreation potential includes building a cabin in Gilmer Bay. Its shape, size and lack of lakes or streams will restrict opportunities for managing this area for recreation in an unroaded condition. The area does not have a high mineral development potential.

C-132 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 327

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,412 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,308 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 00004,046 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 0000902 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,880 1,880 1,880 1,880 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 14,720 0 0 0 0 7,308 0 1,880 Timber Production 0 12,841 12,841 12,841 12,841 7,413 0 7,893 Grand Total 14,720 14,721 14,721 14,721 14,721 14,721 14,720 14,721

C-133 Appendix C

(328) Hoonah Sound National Forest acres: 80,868

Description The Hoonah Sound roadless area is located on Chichagof Island and is bounded by the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness on the north and west, by Hoonah Sound to the east, and Peril Strait on the south. The large area displays a wide terrain variation, from flat river valleys to steep mountains. There is evidence of prehistoric and historic Native use; early European entries were for trade, hunting, and exploration. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include brown bear, deer, bald eagle, marten, otter, mink, beaver; there are few resident bird species. There are four salmon valuable for commercial, subsistence, and sport fishing that spawn and rear in these waters. Although the wildlife and natural beauty of the area are attractions, there is little to distinguish this from other areas, although the known and suspected cultural resource sites are of interest.

Wilderness The formerly approved Ushk Bay Timber Sale within this roadless area would Potential detract from the natural integrity of the southern part of this roadless area. There are also minor activities, including trespass cabins and early sites, which do not detract from the natural integrity of the total area. The opportunity for solitude will be greatly diminished. The terrain is such that all the ferry, cruiseship, fishing, and barge traffic have little influence away from the coastline. The area provides primarily primitive and semi-primitive recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 4,756 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The EIS for the Ushk Bay Timber Sale approved harvest of 2,166 acres and this amount would greatly affect this roadless area. The northern half of the roadless area was legislated as the Lisianski/Upper Hoonah Sound LUD II in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. There is potential to build trails and cabins, especially along the coast. There is fish habitat improvement potential, but no wildlife improvements are planned. No current special-use permits exist, but possible future permits would be for subsistence or recreational facilities or for outfitter/guide services. Special-use permits are anticipated to rise in conjunction with the new herring pond fishery to be permitted by the State. The development potential for minerals is moderate in VCU 281, but low or non-existent in the rest of the area. There are four unconveyed Native allotments within the area. Local concerns are primarily related to subsistence uses and commercial fishing as affected by timber harvest.

C-134 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 328

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 51,597 51,577 51,577 51,577 51,577 51,577 51,597 51,577 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,960 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,312 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,319 1,319 1,319 1,319 0 0 519 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 40 00003,259 Other1 0 120 120 120 120 120 0 120 Remote Recreation 8,868 0 0 00000 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,460 1,460 1,460 1,460 0 0 940 Semi-Remote Recreation 20,404 0 0 00000 Timber Production 0 26,393 26,353 26,393 26,393 29,172 0 24,454 Grand Total 80,869 80,869 80,869 80,869 80,869 80,869 80,869 80,869

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-135 Appendix C

(329) South Kruzof National Forest acres: 55,057

Description The South Kruzof roadless area is generally characterized by a large gently sloping shield volcano dominated by the volcanic cone named Mount Edgecumbe located on the southern half of Kruzof Island. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the south and east by Sitka Sound, and on the north by the road system and timber activity in the area between Shelikof Bay and Mud Bay. The area also includes a number of small offshore islands and rocks. The western and southern shores have poor boat anchorages and frequent rough water. This large area has a long and varied history of use dating from Tlingit use in prehistoric and historic times to the present use by a variety of Alaska residents and visitors. Primary use of the area has been for hunting, fishing, recreation, and temporary occupancy. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest, although several plant species have been identified that are uncommon or at edge of their range. Wildlife include deer, brown bear, and bald eagle; birds and waterfowl rearing and nesting areas are abundant in this area. The major special features are the volcanic landforms over the area; high quality fishing opportunities in the streams and lakes is also an attraction. One improved trail, the Mt. Edgecumbe Trail, and two recreation cabins are in the area.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the evidence of current and historic use of the Potential area, which have had a very low overall effect on its natural integrity. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area, as encounters with others are unlikely. The area provides a moderate opportunity for primitive and semi-primitive recreation as a result of its size, vegetative screening, and physical challenges. The unique landforms, diverse vegetation, streams, bays and varied coastline contribute to these opportunities.

Resources The area contains 9,798 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on the development of high market values and harvest methods which do not require extensive roading. Additional trails and cabins are possible, none are planned at present. The unique volcanic features and scenery in the area provide opportunities for increasing dispersed recreation. A portion of the area was identified as having Research Natural Area potential in order to include examples of several major volcanic landforms and a small watershed under the unique hydrological influence of volcanic ash soils. A Special Interest Area land use designation is proposed. The area does not have a high mineral development potential.

C-136 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 329

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 000055,037 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 000004,467 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 3,807 0000 0 Other1 20 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,999 1,999 1,999 1,999 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 2,821 782 782 782 782 1,640 0 2,341 Special Interest Area 50,174 48,249 48,249 48,249 48,249 0 0 48,249 Timber Production 0 4,028 220 4,028 4,028 53,398 0 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 2,042 0 00000 0 Grand Total 55,057 55,058 55,057 55,058 55,058 55,058 55,057 55,057

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-137 Appendix C

(330) North Baranof National Forest acres: 316,862

Description The North Baranof roadless area is located on the northern end and northeastern side of Baranof Island and also includes Catherine Island and a number of offshore islands and rocks. It is bordered on three sides by saltwater, providing a long coastline, deeply and repeatedly scalloped by fiords and bays which provide sheltered anchorage for boats and good access. The western boundary adjoins the Sitka Urban Roadless area and part of the southern boundary adjoins the South Baranof Wilderness. In numerous locations along its boundary, timber activities and roads have taken place, likely influencing the immediate areas. The area has a long and varied history of use dating from Tlingit use in prehistoric and historic times to the present use by a variety of residents and visitors. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, brown bear, and bald eagle; birds and waterfowl rearing and nesting areas are abundant. There are a number of authorized special uses in the area, three improved trails, two cabins, and four parcels of land within or adjacent to the area under other ownership. Three features of special interest are Kelp Bay, Baranof Warm Springs, and the Baranof Island glaciers. Most of the use of the area is for boating, hunting, fishing and nature viewing.

Wilderness Approved timber sale activities in the north part of this roadless area will have an Potential effect on its natural integrity, although the evidence of historic use has had a very low overall effect. There is a very high opportunity for solitude outside of the northern area due to its size, the topographic screening, and the limited dispersed recreation use. The sights and sounds of occasional airplanes, boats and ferries may intrude on a visitor's solitude. The area provides a very high opportunity for semi-primitive and primitive recreation provided by the diverse topography, variety of vegetation, and the many lakes, streams, bays and rugged mountains.

Resources The area contains 50,975 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The EIS for the Kelp Bay Timber Sale (and others) approved timber harvest in this roadless area. There are many opportunities for developed recreation such as cabins and trails and the area itself offers unlimited dispersed recreation potential. Existing special-use permits would likely continue. The area does not have a high mineral development potential. The area around Lake Eva has been identified as having potential for Research Natural Area status because it represents a highly productive sockeye fishery with an active history of research.

C-138 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 330

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 110,214 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 94,262 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,385 0 Modified Landscape 0 14,412 0 14,412 14,412 0 0 6,643 Municipal Watershed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 380 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 97,903 0 12,370 0 0 75,233 Other1 0808080800 080 Remote Recreation 141,549 104,731 104,731 104,731 104,731 97,785 0 101,813 Scenic Viewshed 0 6,494 4,058 6,494 6,494 0 0 2,979 Semi-Remote Recreation 133,804 27,652 27,652 27,652 15,462 38,870 0 45,965 Special Interest Area 11,489 11,629 11,629 11,629 11,629 0 0 11,629 Timber Production 26,579 148,423 67,368 148,423 148,243 180,207 0 68,697 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 3,441 3,441 3,441 3,441 3,441 0 0 3,441 Grand Total 316,862 316,862 316,862 316,862 316,862 316,862 316,861 316,860

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-139 Appendix C

(331) Sitka Urban National Forest acres: 113,915

Description The Sitka Urban roadless area is located on the western side of Baranof Island just north of the center of the island. It is bounded on the west by Nakwasina Sound and Sitka Sound which are influenced by the development related to the community of Sitka. The southern boundary adjoins a roadless area and the South Baranof Wilderness; the north and eastern boundaries are also formed by a roadless area. An irregular, rugged mountain chain forms a scenic backdrop to the city of Sitka, while the west coast is characterized by rugged headwalls, cliffs and escarpments resulting from exposure to the sea wind and waves. Several roads and harvest areas penetrate the core of the area. This large area has a long and varied history of use dating from prehistoric and historic Tlingit use to present use by a variety of residents and visitors. The Russians settled in Sitka in 1799 and it has had constant use since. Although Sitka is outside this area, its residents use it intensively. Use of the area has been primarily for hunting, fishing, boating, woodcutting, recreation, and occasional temporary occupancies. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, brown bear, and bald eagle; birds and waterfowl rearing and nesting areas are abundant. The mountains east of Sitka enhance the beauty of the area and provide a watershed for the community. There are four improved trails, but no recreation cabins in the area.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the evidence of current and historic use which Potential has had little effect on its overall natural integrity. There are many opportunities for solitude within the area due to size, screening, and overall limited dispersed recreation use; however, a visitor may have to work harder to find them. The sight or sound of airplanes, boats, motor vehicles, and the community of Sitka can occasionally intrude on a visitor's solitude. The area provides primarily a semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunity.

Resources The area contains 6,602 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber is dependent on the development of high market values and harvest methods which do not require extensive roading. The area provides an unlimited recreation potential for dispersed recreation including winter recreation use. Additional trails and cabins or shelters are possible. With the large numbers of visitors to Sitka, use of trails within walking distance of town or the campgrounds would be substantial. There is potential for both fish and wildlife improvement projects. The southwestern and central portions of the area both contain mineral development potential.

C-140 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 331

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,161 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,861 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,602 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,290 0 Modified Landscape 0 14,639 14,639 14,639 14,639 0 0 2,943 Municipal Watershed 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 0 29,250 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 1,823 0 0 0 0 2,081 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 120 0 20 Remote Recreation 20,365 26,849 26,849 26,849 26,849 0 0 3,561 Scenic Viewshed 0 440 340 440 440 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 92,149 13,663 13,663 13,663 13,663 3,021 0 58,431 Special Interest Area 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 Timber Production 0 57,003 55,280 57,003 57,003 109,474 0 17,548 Grand Total 113,914 113,914 113,914 113,914 113,914 113,915 113,914 113,914

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-141 Appendix C

(332) Sitka Sound National Forest acres: 13,456

Description The Sitka Sound roadless area is composed of Krestof Island, Halleck Island, the Siginaka Islands, the Magoun Islands, a number of small offshore islands and rocks, and a peninsula of Baranof Island separated from the rest of Baranof Island by a road system and timber activity. The area is generally located between Sitka Sound and Salisbury Sound, and between Kruzof Island and Baranof Island. This area has a long and varied history of use dating from Tlingit use in prehistoric and historic times to the present day. The major attraction of the area is the beauty of the islands themselves, seen by many visitors to Alaska while riding the ferries through them. There is one improved trail in the area, but no recreation cabins. Most use of the area is associated with recreational boating, hunting and fishing, and viewing the wildlife and scenery. The area is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, brown bear, and bald eagle; birds and waterfowl rearing and nesting habitat are abundant. Peale's peregrine falcon migrate through the forest and the humpback whale inhabits nearby waters.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the evidence of current and historic use of the Potential area, which has a very low overall effect on its natural integrity. There is a moderate opportunity for solitude within the area. Only the occasional sights and sounds of airplanes and boats along the coastline can intrude on a visitor's solitude. The area provides a moderate opportunity for semi-primitive recreation as a result of its dense vegetative screening, physical challenges, streams, bays and varied coastline.

Resources The area contains 4,539 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on the development of high market values and harvest methods which do not require extensive roading. The varied terrain, diverse vegetation, and attractive scenery of this area provide unlimited recreation potentials for dispersed recreation. Additional trails and cabins or shelters are possible. The area does not have a high mineral development potential and there are no known claims.

C-142 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 332

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,456 0 Remote Recreation 0 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 5,538 5,538 5,538 5,538 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 13,456 0 0 0 0 13,376 0 13,456 Timber Production 0 3,919 3,919 3,919 3,919 80 0 0 Grand Total 13,456 13,456 13,456 13,456 13,456 13,456 13,456 13,456

C-143 Appendix C

(333) Redoubt National Forest acres: 68,056

Description The Redoubt roadless area includes a main section on western Baranof Island and a secondary section composed of numerous offshore islands. It is bounded by the Pacific Ocean and Sitka Sound on the west and northwest, by Silver Bay and the Vodopad River watershed on the northeast, and it adjoins the South Baranof Wilderness on the southeast. In addition to evidence of use by the Russian settlers, fisheries activities and other occupancies have occurred throughout the area. The area is characterized by a coastline deeply indented by fiords and bays offering safe anchorages, and also by Redoubt Lake and Deep Inlet; it is further characterized by the hundreds of extremely irregular and exposed islands and rocks off the western coast which provide an opportunity for very dynamic surf waterforms. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, brown bear, and bald eagle; birds and waterfowl nesting and rearing habitat are abundant. There is only one Forest trail and one recreation cabin within the area, but there are also a few non-system trails. Most of the use of the area is associated with recreational boating, hunting and fishing, and viewing wildlife and the scenery. There are a number of authorized special uses existing within the area, including an interagency agreement with ADF&G for fisheries management facilities at Salmon Lake and at Redoubt Lake.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the evidence of current and historic uses which Potential have a very low overall effect on the natural integrity. There is a moderate to high opportunity for solitude within the area provided by the area's size and its topographic and vegetative screening. Encounters with others are only likely around Redoubt Lake and its cabin. Airplanes, boats, and the nearness of Sitka, could all intrude on one's solitude. The area provides a good opportunity for primitive recreation.

Resources The area contains 18,937 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this roadless area is dependent on the development of high market values and harvest methods which do not require extensive roading. The area provides high dispersed recreation potential. Additional trails and cabins or shelters are possible. There is opportunity for fertilization of Redoubt Lake to enhance fish production. Redoubt Lake offers opportunities to study unique ecological and physical phenomena related to its meromictic characteristics.

C-144 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 333

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,905 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,364 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,767 0 Modified Landscape 0 200 200 200 200 0 0 11,730 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 26,359 000034,308 Other1 20 40 40 40 40 20 20 40 Remote Recreation 5,588 17,463 17,463 17,463 17,463 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 15,893 361 15,893 15,893 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 62,447 22,431 22,431 22,431 22,431 35,905 0 21,978 Timber Production 0 12,029 1,202 12,029 12,029 32,131 0 0 Grand Total 68,055 68,056 68,056 68,056 68,056 68,056 68,056 68,056

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-145 Appendix C

(334) Port Alexander National Forest acres: 125,051

Description The Port Alexander roadless area is located on the southern tip of Baranof Island. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by Chatham Strait, and on the north by the South Baranof Wilderness. The area displays a coastline deeply and repeatedly scalloped by fiords and bays, the result of the Baranof landmass dipping down beneath the ocean surface. The area has possibly the highest rainfall zone in North American with a long-term average annual precipitation of 224 inches. This large area has a long and varied history of use dating from Tlingit use in prehistoric and historic times to the present use by a variety of Alaska residents and visitors. The vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Wildlife include deer, brown bear, and bald eagle; birds and waterfowl rearing and nesting habitat are abundant. There is one improved trail and one non-system trail in the area, but no recreation cabins. Most use of the area is associated with recreation boating, hunting and fishing, and viewing wildlife and the scenery of the area. Special features are related to water: the high precipitation and its ecological effects; the large number of lakes; and the extremely carved coastline. There are a number of authorized special uses in the area and communities at Port Alexander and Port Armstrong.

Wilderness The area is unmodified except for the evidence of current and historic use of the Potential area, such as old canneries, pipelines, prospecting and the community of Port Alexander; however, they have a very low overall effect on the natural integrity of the area. There is a very high opportunity for solitude within the area, with only the sight or sound of airplanes or boats to occasionally intrude on a visitor's solitude. The area provides a high opportunity for primitive recreation as a result of its size, topographic screening, and physical challenges.

Resources The area contains 18,167 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for managing timber in this area is dependent on the development of high market values and harvest methods which do not require extensive roading. There is high potential for dispersed recreation, and additional trails and cabins or shelters are possible. There are opportunities for fish stocking throughout the area, and for constructing a fish passage in Big Branch Bay. The area generally has no known minerals development potential, except for a historic claim on a Nickel-Copper deposit on the north side of Snipe Bay. The Lover's Creek area has been inventoried as a potential Research Natural Area in order to study the phenomena associated with its high precipitation.

C-146 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 334

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,051 0 Other1 210000000 Remote Recreation 102,324 113,154 113,154 113,154 113,154 111,100 0 101,156 Semi-Remote Recreation 19,111 11,898 11,898 11,898 11,898 13,548 0 23,895 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 404 0 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 3,596 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 125,052 125,052 125,052 125,052 125,052 125,052 125,051 125,051

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-147 Appendix C

(338) Brabazon Addition National Forest acres: 500,535

Description The Brabazon Addition roadless area is located on the mainland, northeast of Yakutat. The area adjoins the Russell Fiord Wilderness to the west, the Canadian border to the east, the Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve to the southeast, and the Yakutat Foreland roadless area to the south. Access is by foot, helicopter, or by ski-equipped small plane. The area is characterized by steep, rugged mountains, interspersed with or surrounded by glaciers which moderate the terrain by providing large, relatively flat areas. The glaciated state of the entire area indicates there is no human history, other than occasional use. Vegetation is sparse and consists of lichens, mosses and grasses. Tree or brush species are unusual and infrequent. There is some fishing activity in the two lakes adjacent to the southeastern boundary. The only known use by wildlife is by mountain goats, with some possible use by bears. No Forest Service management activities have occurred or are planned. There is no known subsistence use. Attractions of the area include sightseeing (primarily from aircraft), ice climbing and possibly rock climbing. The rugged mountains, springing from massive ice fields, provide a spectacular view.

Wilderness The Brabazon Addition is unmodified; the appearance is entirely wild and natural. Potential The surrounding areas are also all roadless and unmodified and their terrain is such that development of any kind is unlikely to occur. The opportunity for solitude is very high over the whole area due to its huge size and high degree of difficulty of access, and very low visitor numbers. The area provides primarily primitive recreational opportunity.

Resources The area contains no timber resources and no potential for development of such. Remoteness and rugged terrain limit recreational opportunities to the primitive. Although they would receive very little use, potential exists for trails and cabins. The opportunity for mineral development appears low. The nearest community is Yakutat, located 38 miles to the southwest; however, there is little use by local residents.

C-148 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 338

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 ANILCA Additions 0 0 0 0 0 0 472,280 0 LUD I Release 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,255 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 500,294 0 0 Other1 0 241 241 241 241 241 0 40 Remote Recreation 500,375 500,134 500,134 500,134 500,134 0 0 500,494 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 160 160 160 160 160 0 0 0 Grand Total 500,535 500,535 500,535 500,535 500,535 500,535 500,535 500,534

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-149 Appendix C

(339) Yakutat Forelands National Forest acres: 328,621

Description The Yakutat Forelands roadless area is located on the mainland, east and southeast of Yakutat. The area adjoins National Forest System, State and private lands to the west, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve to the east and the Gulf of Alaska to the south. Forest Highway 10, the Russell Fiord Wilderness and the Brabazon Range bound the area on the north. The area has diverse geography and topography: about 80 percent is relatively flat; the northeast contains steep and highly dissected mountains with numerous stream courses and several glaciers; the Gulf beach area is subject to drastic change due to open-water wave activity and ocean storms, and contains an extended stretch of sand dunes, one of only two in Alaska. Much of the vegetation in the lowlands is marsh and muskeg species or willows, cottonwoods and alders on the drier sites. Timbered areas are typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest species. The area has a long history of use, including prehistoric and historic Tlingit occupation, and European and Russian exploration. Annual salmon production for the area is estimated at more than 250,000. There is considerable commercial, sport and subsistence use of fish resources in the area. Wildlife include brown and black bears (including the glacier bear, a bluish color phase of the black bear), moose, wolverine, deer, and furbearers. Humpback and gray whales, seals, sea lions, orcas, dolphins and porpoises can be viewed from the beach area. There are 10 recreation cabins, with airstrips associated with six locations, and 4 trails in the area. Outfitter/guide use is heavy. There is one private parcel in the area, and a strip along the Situk River has tentatively been selected by Sealaska.

Wilderness The area generally appears unmodified, although there have been modifications in Potential the form of cabins and camps which are mainly scattered and unobtrusive. The opportunity for solitude is high over most of the large area which has a high degree of difficulty of access and low visitor numbers. Exceptions are locations along the western edge and along Forest Highway 10 where people tend to concentrate. The area provides for the full spectrum of recreation opportunities, primarily primitive and semi-primitive opportunities.

Resources The area contains 20,072 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The entire area east of the Dangerous River to within 1/2 mile of Dry Bay and 1/2 mile from the ocean on the south (139,045 acres) is now the Yakutat Forelands LUD II as a result of the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. Recreation potential includes trail and shelter construction. Sport fishing and hunting are major activities in the area. There is potential for both fish and wildlife resource improvements. There are approximately 130 special-use permits for uses such as fish camps, outfitter/guides, subsistence and trapping camps, and recreation cabins. The potential for increase of number of permits is high. The opportunity for mineral development appears low. There are five inventoried potential Research Natural Areas.

C-150 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 339

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 ANILCA Additions 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 Legislated LUD II 138,292 138,453 138,453 138,453 138,453 138,933 138,932 138,453 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,664 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,649 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,336 0 Modified Landscape 0 40 0 40 40 144,476 0 180 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 6,640 0 0 0 0 2,863 Other1 140 80 80 80 80 860 20 80 Remote Recreation 95,762 51,465 51,465 51,465 51,465 0 0 51,176 Scenic Viewshed 0 8,050 4,313 8,050 8,050 0 0 8,671 Semi-Remote Recreation 84,459 105,514 105,514 105,514 105,514 23,078 0 112,387 Special Interest Area 2,262 2,302 2,302 2,302 2,302 0 0 2,302 Timber Production 0 15,652 12,789 15,652 15,652 21,274 0 12,509 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 7,706 7,064 7,064 7,064 7,064 0 0 0 Grand Total 328,621 328,620 328,620 328,620 328,620 328,621 328,621 328,621

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-151 Appendix C

(341) Upper Situk National Forest acres: 18,224

Description The Upper Situk roadless area is located on the mainland, east of Yakutat. The area adjoins National Forest System, State and private lands to the southwest, Forest Highway 10 and National Forest lands to the south, Russell Fiord Wilderness Area to the north, and Yakutat Bay to the west. Almost all of the area is relatively flat. The far western portion contains many lakes, varying in size to over 950 acres (Lake Redfield). The Yakutat Bay beach area is subject to change due to open-water wave activity and ocean storms. The area has a long history of use, from early Tlingit occupation to present day use by a variety of Alaskans and visitors. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. Fish resources include five species of Pacific salmon, valuable for commercial, subsistence and sport use; a unique species, the northern pike, is located in Pike Lakes. Wildlife include both brown and black bear, moose, wolverines and wolves, deer, and some furbearers. There are few resident bird species; however, the area is heavily used by migratory species, including the trumpeter swan and peregrine falcon. There is one maintained trail. Additional uses include sport fishing and hunting, subsistence fishing, hunting and trapping, and commercial fishing. There are several cabins and camps under special-use permit.

Wilderness This area, which is a very narrow strip, is basically unmodified. However, all-terrain Potential vehicle use is highly evident along the beaches, river bottoms, muskegs and upland trails, and the entire southern boundary has been highly modified by logging and roading. The opportunity for solitude is high over much of the area, because of the adjacent Russell Fiord Wilderness, but some areas receive concentrated use. The area provides primarily semi-primitive motorized and semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 4,544 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The potential for timber management is questionable because the mill constructed in Yakutat in the 1980s never became operational and was abandoned. Towing or barging costs are extremely high due to the long distance to any existing mill. Recreation potential includes trail corridors and increased sport fishing and hunting. There are opportunities for both fish and wildlife resource improvement projects. The potential for increased outfitter/guide permits is moderate. Mineral development potential appears low, although oil and gas development potential appears high. The general feelings of the local residents seem to favor a primitive or semi-primitive designation for the area, without it becoming a Wilderness Management Area.

C-152 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 341

Sum of Acres Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD I Release 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 0 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,362 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,642 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,103 0 Modified Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 1,476 0 20 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 6,844 000010,205 Other1 060606060093740 Remote Recreation 1,721 180 180 180 180 180 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 100 100 100 100 0 0 100 Semi-Remote Recreation 16,503 8,598 8,598 8,598 8,598 3,482 0 5,196 Timber Production 0 9,286 2,442 9,286 9,286 13,087 0 2,663 Grand Total 18,224 18,224 18,224 18,224 18,224 18,225 18,224 18,224

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-153 Appendix C

(342) Neka Mountain National Forest acres: 6,186

Description The Neka Mountain roadless area is located on Chichagof Island 10 miles west of Hoonah. It is bounded on the north and east by Huna Totem and Sealaska Corporation lands (which have been heavily roaded and harvested), and on the south by Port Frederick. The west side is also defined by timber harvest areas and roads, as the area was part of the APC long-term sale area. At the time of Euroamerican contact, the Hoonah and Angoon Tlingit used this area.

Wilderness The area has not been heavily modified however the natural integrity has been Potential affected by harvest activities to the north and east. There is moderate opportunity for solitude in the area between centers of human activity. Even though the area is surrounded by road systems, two are not easily accessible, and much of the recreation is dispersed. Possible future logging would likely affect this area further. Recreation opportunities are primarily semi-primitive non-motorized.

Resources The area contains 1,141 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing nearby road systems and logging camp make the management of this area for timber harvest economical. A timber sale offering is likely in the next 10 to 15 years. Recreation potential includes increased hunting, fishing, dispersed camping. One important issue to the people of the area is the maintenance of subsistence resources.

C-154 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 342

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,186 0 Modified Landscape 0 761 0 761 761 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 4,364 0 0 0 0 4,364 Semi-Remote Recreation 6,186 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 5,425 1,823 5,425 5,425 6,186 0 1,823 Grand Total 6,186 6,186 6,187 6,186 6,186 6,186 6,186 6,187

C-155 Appendix C

(343) Neka Bay National Forest acres: 7,128

Description The Neka bay roadless area is located on Chichagof Island, 12 miles west of Hoonah. It is bounded by Port Frederick on the south and east, and Eight Fathom Bight and timber harvest areas on the west. At the time of Euroamerican contact, the Hoonah and Angoon Tlingit used this area. There are no recreation cabins or formal trails in the area, although recreation activities are numerous, including kayaking, dispersed camping, nature study, and saltwater boating and fishing.

Wilderness The area has not been heavily modified and the natural integrity is high, as the area Potential is a peninsula surrounded by water on three sides. There is high opportunity for solitude in the area away from the shoreline. Even though the area is accessed by a road system, it is not easily accessible, and much of the recreation is dispersed. Possible future logging would likely affect this area. Recreation opportunities are primarily semi-primitive non-motorized.

Resources The area contains 2,622 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The existing nearby road systems and logging camp make the management of this area for timber harvest economical. Recreation potential includes increased hunting, fishing, and dispersed camping. One important issue to the people of the area is the maintenance of subsistence resources. A timber sale offering is likely in the next 10 to 15 years.

C-156 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 343

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,321 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,786 0 Modified Landscape 0 2,483 0 2,483 2,483 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 7,108 0 0 0 0 7,108 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Semi-Remote Recreation 7,108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 1,301 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 4,625 0 4,625 3,323 7,108 0 0 Grand Total 7,128 7,128 7,128 7,128 7,127 7,128 7,127 7,128

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match.

C-157 Appendix C

(501) Dall National Forest acres: 106,447

Description Dall Island roadless area is on the west side of Dall Island which is the largest island off the west coast of Prince of Wales Island. The northern tip of the island is about 20 miles southwest of Craig. The area is well defined by saltwater and the visual condition has remained unaltered, except for adjacent Native owned lands on the East coast which are being intensively logged and roaded. Principal features include spectacular cliffs with sea caves along the high energy coastline facing the Pacific Ocean, many bays and inlets, and numerous short drainages. Upland areas are typical of southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. There are large populations of Sitka black-tailed deer and black bear, otter and beavers. The area has a significant history in the Native culture, resulting in large blocks being selected by the Native Corporations. There is one recreation-use cabin on the southern part of the island, but no established trails.

Wilderness There has been little active management of the upland area. Native selections Potential have cut the long narrow roadless area into three distinct blocks, separated by saltwater inlets. There is excellent opportunity for solitude, except in areas adjacent to Native lands. Primitive and semi-primitive recreation opportunities are excellent, due to the lack of trails and roads and the difficulty of access from saltwater.

Resources The area contains 45,815 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Because almost all land surrounding good anchorages are Native owned, and the high energy west coast is not suitable for boat or float plane access, potential access for timber harvest, recreation facility construction, and other management activity are complicated. However, the area has high sport fish value, excellent potential for cross-island trails, and many sites for recreation-use cabins on the bays. There is some potential for mineral activity and there is one special-use permit for a short power line on the northeast corner. Local subsistence use and hiking is likely to continue.

C-158 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 501

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,107 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,863 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 94,477 0 Modified Landscape 0 19,099 14,130 19,099 14,130 0 0 12,413 Old Growth Habitat 12,313 0 4,970 0 3,333 0 0 1,597 Other1 40 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 Remote Recreation 59,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 22,366 81,473 81,473 81,473 79,574 0 0 86,562 Special Interest Area 7,208 5,875 5,875 5,875 9,411 0 0 5,875 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 106,407 0 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 4,656 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 106,448 106,447 106,448 106,447 106,448 106,447 106,447 106,447

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-159 Appendix C

(502) Suemez National Forest acres: 19,489

Description Suemez Island roadless area, located off the west coast of Prince of Wales Island and about 15 miles southwest of Craig, is characterized by rugged mountains on the coast and moderate to flat topography in its center. Three sides are bounded by the Pacific Ocean or large saltwater channels, while the northern boundary is an irregularly shaped roaded and logged area. Recent timber harvest split the original roadless area as depicted in the SDEIS into two roadless areas. Outstanding scenic features located primarily on the southern coast from Arena Cove to Cape Felix include a variety of beach types, volcanic rock forms, spectacular cliffs with sea caves, and unique intertidal rock forms. The island's history evolves around use by Native cultures, early 1900s commercial fisheries, and most recently, timber harvest. The State has selected one parcel of land in the Port Dolores area where a small community or recreation site may be developed. The area is used for deer and bear hunting, some subsistence use, and some offshore fishing and crabbing. There are no developed recreation facilities.

Wilderness When no logging occurs, the opportunity for solitude is very good. Almost all Potential hunting occurs in the logged area. Due to coastal recreation attractions and the island's remote outer coast, there are outstanding opportunities for primitive and semi-primitive recreation. The recreation, scenic, and geologic values of Arena Cove-Cape Felix are recognized by the proposed Suemez Island Special Interest Area land use designation.

Resources The area contains 7,446 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The east and central parts of the island have been harvested, splitting the original roadless area into two. Mineral development potential is very low. Excellent potential exists for trail development, and recreation cabin or shelter sites have been identified in the Arena Cove area. There is very good deer and bear habitat. Local subsistence and recreation use would likely continue.

C-160 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 502

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,469 0 Modified Landscape 0 5,431 1,239 5,431 5,431 0 0 5,171 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 7,578 00003,284 Other1 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 0 Remote Recreation 5,051 0 0 00000 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,336 80 1,336 1,336 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 9,104 0 0 00000 Special Interest Area 5,314 9,387 9,387 9,387 9,387 0 0 9,407 Timber Production 0 3,316 1,186 3,316 3,316 19,469 0 1,628 Grand Total 19,488 19,489 19,489 19,489 19,489 19,488 19,488 19,490

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-161 Appendix C

(503) Outer Islands National Forest acres: 100,146

Description The Outer Islands roadless area consists of six major islands: Lulu, Noyes, Baker, San Fernando, St. Ignace, San Juan Batista, and numerous smaller islands off the west coast of Prince of Wales Island and 5-10 miles west of Craig. The islands are located next to the major commercial salmon fishing grounds and serve as shelters and anchorages for the fleet. Terrain varies from rugged mountains to flat land. Principal features include the saltwater bays and inlets, spectacular cliffs and sea caves on the outer coast, beaches, and an historic Native townsite on Baker Island being considered for an interpretive site. All the islands have deer, bear, otter, beaver, and puffins frequent the west coast of Noyes Island. These islands have a significant place in the history of Alaskan Native culture and the Natives have selected traditional-use sites on Noyes and San Juan Batista Islands. The commercial fishing fleet is the largest user of the area, but residents and tourists use it for fishing, hunting, and subsistence.

Wilderness This island group, which is typical Southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest, Potential possesses outstanding natural integrity, and is not seriously affected by the logged small Native block on Noyes Island. Therefore, there is excellent opportunity for solitude and primitive recreation experiences, especially on Noyes and Baker Islands. The Maurelle Islands Wilderness is adjacent to the north.

Resources The area contains 6,662 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There has been considerable public concern over management of the Outer Islands. The entire area, except for San Fernando Island and San Juan Batista Island, were designated the Outside Islands LUD II by the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. Recreation related planning has occurred on Noyes Island, but has never been executed. The inside waters are excellent for sport salmon and halibut fishing. There are excellent recreation opportunities to develop canoe/kayak routes, cabin sites, and hiking trails. All islands are accessible by boat from Craig, providing opportunity to develop recreation in a unique offshore marine environment. Mineral potential is low. Local subsistence and dispersed recreation activities would likely continue.

C-162 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 503

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 74,104 74,104 74,104 74,104 74,104 74,104 74,104 73,089 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,042 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 4,546 4,546 4,546 4,546 0 0 1,057 Other1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 Remote Recreation 1,969 21,416 21,416 21,416 21,416 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,489 Semi-Remote Recreation 24,073 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,496 Timber Production 0 80 80 80 80 26,042 0 0 Grand Total 100,146 100,146 100,146 100,146 100,146 100,146 100,146 100,146

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-163 Appendix C

(504) Sukkwan National Forest Acres: 44,806

Description The Sukkwan roadless area, located about 30 miles south of Craig and east of Dall Island, consists of Sukkwan and Goat Islands, plus a series of small islands. There is a very irregular coastline and many of the islands have low elevations with flat to rolling topography. All of this area is within the principal traditional-use area of the Haida Natives who have made extensive land selections which are being logged. Boundaries consist primarily of survey lines for the private land, logged areas, or large expanses of saltwater. The notable features are the diverse clusters of islands and coves (especially in the Dunbar Inlet area), saltwater bays and inlets, and high populations of Sitka black-tailed deer, black bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Areas are typical of southeast Alaska temperate rain forests. There is occasional recreation use and some subsistence activities. Mineral development potential is very low. There are no recreation facilities or trails. The visual character of the area is common.

Wilderness The area has received very little resource management attention due its lack of Potential good access and rather low potential for resource management. The opportunity for solitude is excellent and it has good opportunity for semi-primitive and primitive recreation, particularly on the outside shores of Sukkwan Island in the Dunbar Inlet area. Native and State land selections have influenced the boundary of this area.

Resources The area contains 12,245 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Both the Haida Natives and the Haida Native Corporation have a strong interest in the future of this area because of its historic occupancy and because of adjacent corporation land selections. Mineral development potential is very low. This general area is identified as the southern end of a potential kayak route along the west coast of Prince of Wales Island. Public use is minor with little potential for development, except for a few primitive campsites or shelters. The area has a few good anchorages for large boats.

C-164 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 504

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,786 0 Old Growth Habitat 13,344 0 0 000013,304 Other1 100 20 20 20 20 320 20 20 Remote Recreation 6,013 0 0 00000 Semi-Remote Recreation 25,350 44,587 44,587 44,587 44,587 0 0 11,966 Timber Production 0 200 200 200 200 44,487 0 19,517 Grand Total 44,807 44,807 44,807 44,807 44,807 44,807 44,806 44,807

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-165 Appendix C

(505) Soda Bay National Forest acres: 78,483

Description The Soda Bay roadless area, characterized by low elevation and gently rolling topography, is located in the central part of Prince of Wales Island midway between the communities of Craig and Hydaburg which are connected by a road along the east boundary of the area. Other boundaries consist primarily of roads, timber harvest areas, or land survey lines for private land. The coast is dominated by Trocadero and Soda Bays. The area is known to have been an important site for the indigenous Native culture. The Haida Native Corporation has made large land selections in the area which have been extensively logged. Primary recreation use of the area is hunting and fishing, with significant local subsistence use. There is a Forest Service trail and interpretive signs to draw attention to the limestone formations in Soda Bay. There are unique hot springs and mineral formations at Soda Lake and Creek. Waterfall Resort is on private land on the west side of the area. Craig's water supply facilities, located at North Fork Lake, are under special-use authorization.

Wilderness With the exception of the North Fork Lake area, the interior is unaltered. The Potential opportunity for solitude is fair to moderate because of the possible sights and sounds of adjacent logging, and the likelihood of meeting hunters and anglers. Most of the recreation potential centers around semi-primitive opportunities of the marine attractions in Trocadero and Soda Bays.

Resources The area contains 25,590 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The area has high value timber. Currently, Shelikof Island, off the south coast of the roadless area, is being logged and is visible. A Special Interest Area in the Soda Bay area is proposed. Short trails from the Prince of Wales Island road system to saltwater at Trocadero Bay would support excellent fishing and waterfowl hunting, as well as provide hiking. The area has high populations of Sitka black-tailed deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Potential for mineral development is very low. Management emphasis has been on dispersed recreation and fish habitat improvements. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activity which would likely continue or increase.

C-166 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 505

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 00000078,483 0 Modified Landscape 0 5,493 3,375 5,493 3,375 0 0 3,152 Municipal Watershed 00000001,678 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 18,624 0 18,604 0 0 29,432 Other1 12000001200 0 Remote Recreation 20,924 000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 00000001,798 Semi-Remote Recreation 51,828 1,318 1,318 1,318 1,318 0 0 2,954 Special Interest Area 3,455 3,475 3,475 3,475 3,475 0 0 3,475 Timber Production 0 68,197 51,690 68,197 51,710 78,364 0 35,995 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 2,157 000000 0 Grand Total 78,484 78,483 78,482 78,483 78,482 78,484 78,483 78,484

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-167 Appendix C

(507) Eudora National Forest acres: 195,884

Description The Eudora roadless area is a remote area located on southeast Prince of Wales Island with rugged mountains near Cholmondeley Sound and a flat to moderate interior. Its western boundary coincides with the South Prince of Wales Wilderness, and its eastern boundary is saltwater. The east coast has a rich history of prehistoric and historic use by Native cultures and the Natives have made extensive land selections in the northern part. There is a wide variety of recreation use in the area, including cabins, mooring buoys, trails, and a number of mining claims and patents in the areas around Green Mountain, Bokan Mountain, Niblack Mountain, and all around Moria Sound. The many major sounds and bays provide bases for commercial fishing. Eudora is typical of southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forests. The Big Creek drainage is considered an excellent example of old-growth associated wildlife. The area remains a significant site for subsistence hunting and fishing. The visual character of the area is mostly unaltered; however, the past and future Native harvests throughout the eastern half of Cholmondeley Sound have a significant impact on this portion of the highly scenic area.

Wilderness Native and State land selections, and the small mining patents, have not severely Potential affected the natural integrity of the area. There is excellent opportunity for solitude, excluding the very northern fringe where the sights and sounds of logging and traffic may be evident. There are outstanding opportunities for primitive and semi-primitive recreation due to the high scenic quality, the vastness of the area, and the wide variety of recreation opportunities. The canoeing, kayaking and fishing opportunities are outstanding attractions. The South Prince of Wales Wilderness is adjacent to the roadless area.

Resources The area contains 61,547 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Timber potential is very high as almost all of the suitable land has good saltwater access. An important management consideration is that the Haida Native Corporation has the right for further land selections and they have interest in the northern third of the roadless area. The Big Creek-Cholmondeley Sound area has been inventoried as a potential Research Natural Area. There is some opportunity to increase developed recreation facilities with additional cabins and new trails, as there is good road access to its northern boundary, and good boat access from the Ketchikan area. Mineral development potential is high. There is excellent potential to enhance the salmon spawning habitat on many streams within Eudora. The substantial subsistence use would likely continue.

C-168 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 507

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD I Release 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,666 0 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,300 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,544 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 111,374 0 Modified Landscape 0 28,489 25,485 28,489 26,569 0 0 9,283 Old Growth Habitat 11,063 0 24,428 0 0 0 0 34,085 Other1 821 220 220 220 220 1,700 0 20 Remote Recreation 136,453 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 5,623 3,642 5,623 5,623 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 30,450 82,819 82,819 82,819 82,819 0 0 83,822 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 1,920 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 78,733 59,290 78,733 78,733 194,184 0 68,673 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 17,098 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 195,885 195,884 195,884 195,884 195,884 195,884 195,884 195,883

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-169 Appendix C

(508) Christoval National Forest acres: 9,031

Description The Christoval roadless area, located on the southern tip of Heceta Island on the west coast of Prince of Wales Island, consists primarily of a single steep mountain (Bald Mountain). This extremely rugged forested area did not receive much historic development. The extensive amount of logging on Heceta Island on the opposite side of Bald Mountain ridge provided road access and is a major influence on this roadless area; however, since logging is near completion there should be less influence in the future. There are no constructed trails in the area and the only use by local residents is occasional hunting and some hiking out to the Bald Mountain ridge. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. Deer, bear, wolves, mink and bald eagles are the best known species in the area.

Wilderness There is good natural integrity in the area due to its coastline boundary and the Potential rugged, mountainous terrain. Because access is difficult, an excellent opportunity for solitude exists, except that logging sights and sounds may be evident near the boundary. Due to past logging and roading, the area is more appropriate for semi-primitive motorized or semi-primitive non-motorized recreation.

Resources The area contains 4,394 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The rugged terrain over much of the area limits the opportunity for management of its resources, particularly the timber. The areas which are economically feasible are included in the next five-year plan for Ketchikan Pulp Company Long Term Sale. There is potential for a trail system into the Bald Mountain area from logging roads on the opposite side of the ridge. Although there is some potential for salmon enhancement projects, the difficult access is a limiting factor. The mineral potential is low.

C-170 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 508

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,031 0 Modified Landscape 0 5,200 0 5,200 4,196 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 8,449 0 0 0 0 7,646 Semi-Remote Recreation 9,031 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 1,385 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 3,831 582 3,831 3,450 9,031 0 1,385 Grand Total 9,031 9,031 9,031 9,031 9,031 9,031 9,031 9,031

C-171 Appendix C

(509) Kogish National Forest acres: 65,500

Description The Kogish roadless area is located on the west side of central Prince of Wales Island. Extensive timber harvest continues to occur on the north and east sides of the roadless area, while Native lands to the south and east have been completely logged over. The more scenic areas are concentrated around the relatively rugged and diverse terrain of Kogish Mountain and Staney Cone, and the intricate shorelines and island groups in Salt Lake Bay and Nossuk Bay. There is very little evidence of prehistoric or historic use of this roadless area. The area is typical of southeast Alaskan temperate rain forest. There are populations of deer, bear, wolves, mink and bald eagles and there is good alpine habitat for ptarmigan. The only use by local residents is for occasional hunting. There are no improved trails in the area.

Wilderness Even though roading and logging have occurred on three sides, natural integrity of Potential the area is very good. Because of its difficult access, there is excellent opportunity for solitude, except for logging sights and sounds near the boundaries. The fishing and solitude along the streams in the southwestern portion of the area are an attraction. There are no outstanding opportunities for primitive recreation. Most recreation attractions are associated with the saltwater bays, anchorages, and channels on the west side where the experience level is primarily semi-primitive motorized.

Resources The area contains 19,215 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The 1989-94 Operating Period EIS for the KPC long term sale approved the harvest of 2,026 acres near Kogish Mountain, Staney Cone, upper Staney Creek and Shaheen Creek, affecting the character of the original roadless area. An additional timber sale project is likely in the next 10 to 15 years. The rugged terrain and very difficult access severely constrain its recreation potential, but the western and southern boundaries which border saltwater have potential for shelter sites and boat anchorages for use by small boats and kayaks. The geology of the area indicates some potential for discovery of valuable minerals.

C-172 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 509

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,500 0 Modified Landscape 0 2,308 883 2,308 883 0 0 3,867 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 5,881 0 5,881 0 0 3,186 Other1 0202020200 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,140 1,140 1,140 1,140 0 0 1,140 Semi-Remote Recreation 57,717 5,983 5,983 5,983 5,983 0 0 22,901 Timber Production 7,784 56,050 51,594 56,050 51,594 65,500 0 34,405 Grand Total 65,501 65,501 65,501 65,501 65,501 65,500 65,500 65,499

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-173 Appendix C

(510) Karta National Forest acres: 49,799

Description The Karta roadless area is located in the center of the east side of Prince of Wales Island and at the west end of Kasaan Bay which is the main water access route to the island. The roadless area wraps around the Karta River Wilderness. The north, west, and south sides are defined and accessed by road. Salmon Lake, Karta Lake, and the Karta River (a major west to east drainage) form the principal water system within the area. There are known prehistoric village sites, rock art, and other physical evidence of cultural history. More recently, there has been considerable mineral exploration and active mining. The very rugged rock forms of the Klawock Mountains are an outstanding scenic feature. The area has typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest and high populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. The area receives substantial subsistence and recreation use. There are five recreation use cabins and eight miles of trail within the area.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area is very good. Between late June and September Potential there is limited opportunity to find true solitude within the Karta River drainage due to heavy cabin use, floatplane traffic, and trail use. There is opportunity for solitude on the alpine ridges that rim the Karta River basin. The extensive timber harvest on both Native and National Forest lands bordering the outside of the area limits it to roaded modified or semi-primitive motorized experiences.

Resources The area contains 12,075 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The entire area is within the primary sale area for the KPC Long Term Sale. Future harvest activities are anticipated. The 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 39,894 acres of the Karta River area as Wilderness. A portion of this roadless area is within the Maybeso Experimental Forest. There is the possibility that the Flagstaff mine could reopen or that other old claims would become viable mines in the future.

C-174 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 510

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Experimental Forest 6,175 6,155 6,155 6,155 6,155 6,275 0 6,175 LUD III 0000003,578 0 LUD IV 00000046,201 0 Modified Landscape 0 7,034 7,034 7,034 7,034 0 0 6,734 Municipal Watershed 0000000340 Old Growth Habitat 0 80 520 80 60 0 0 9,438 Other1 280 120 120 120 120 320 20 60 Remote Recreation 1,460 000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 2,719 2,719 2,719 2,719 0 0 2,459 Semi-Remote Recreation 41,884 000000 0 Timber Production 0 33,691 33,251 33,691 33,711 43,204 0 24,593 Grand Total 49,799 49,799 49,799 49,799 49,799 49,799 49,799 49,799

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-175 Appendix C

(511) Thorne River National Forest acres: 74,372

Description The Thorne River roadless area includes a large part of the center of Prince of Wales Island and almost all of the Thorne River drainage. The southern boundary is formed by State Highway 929 and Forest Road 30 connecting the communities of Thorne Bay and Craig. Access to the interior is by floatplane or canoe for skilled boaters only. Notable features include the area around Snakey Lakes, an intricate complex of narrow, winding freshwater bodies north of the main Thorne Lake drainage, and the many areas of grassy meadows and large stands of spruce in portions of the Thorne River. Aboriginal cultures probably used the lower reaches of the Thorne River for subsistence use. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. There are high populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. The Thorne River and lakes in the areas are known resting places for migrating trumpeter swans. One recreation use cabin is located at Honker Lake. The trail/canoe system within the area is frequently used. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activities.

Wilderness Very good opportunities for solitude exist within the area, excluding the very fringe Potential where the sights and sounds of logging and traffic may be evident. Due to the many lake and stream oriented attractions, and the remoteness of the area, the interior offers outstanding opportunities for semi-primitive and primitive recreation. The canoeing and fishing, especially along the various segments of the Thorne River, are major attractions.

Resources The area contains 21,347 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Located within the KPC Long Term Sale area, timber harvest may continue in the existing unroaded area using the extensively roaded periphery. The 1989-94 Operating Period EIS for the KPC Long Term Sale approved the harvest of 5,135 currently unroaded acres in the vicinity of the North Thorne River and Slide Creek; other entries are planned. Current management emphasis for Thorne River, Honker Divide, and Snakey Lakes area is for semi-primitive recreation. Future planning is centered upon completing a system of canoe routes and portages, and identifying good campsites and support facilities. However, since the area requires considerable wilderness skills, it may occur over time. This roadless area has outstanding fish habitat and with fish passes salmon could reach high quality spawning habitat that is currently unavailable. The Thorne River and Hatchery Creek are eligible for Wild, Scenic and Recreational River designation. The potential for finding and developing minerals is low.

C-176 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 511

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 00000036,577 0 LUD IV 00000037,795 0 Modified Landscape 0 23,874 12,011 23,874 11,951 0 0 8,529 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 26,708 0 26,868 0 0 40,394 Remote Recreation 6,801 000000 0 RNA 1,660 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 0 0 1,600 Scenic Viewshed 0 16,824 4,100 16,824 4,000 0 0 4,021 Semi-Remote Recreation 50,461 000000 0 Timber Production 3,408 20,072 17,952 20,072 17,952 74,372 0 8,106 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 12,042 12,042 12,042 12,042 12,042 0 0 11,722 Grand Total 74,372 74,372 74,373 74,372 74,373 74,372 74,372 74,373

C-177 Appendix C

(512) Ratz National Forest acres: 5,184

Description The Ratz roadless area is located on the east side of Prince of Wales Island approximately 15 miles north of Thorne Bay. The area is characterized by very rugged terrain, which is a well-defined ridge, except for the uplands west of Ratz Harbor where the topography is flat wetlands and muskeg. Aboriginal use has not been confirmed through cultural resource investigations. The entire area is bounded by roads and timber harvest units, and saltwater to the east. The major scenic features are the diverse alpine terrain and small lakes near the summit of Baird Peak. The area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. There are populations of deer, bear, and a scattering of other animals and birds common to Prince of Wales Island. Alaska Telecom's electronics site on Baird Peak is authorized by special-use permit. The area receives light use by local people for recreation and subsistence.

Wilderness The area has been unaltered by human activity, but due to extensive timber harvest Potential around the periphery, the natural integrity is fair. Except when active logging occurs, the opportunity for solitude is good. Due to its small size and adjacent logging activities, the area provides for semi-primitive recreation settings.

Resources The area contains 781 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The area is within the primary sale area for the KPC Long Term Sale and future timber sale projects may occur in the next 10 years. The area is important as unaltered wildlife habitat adjacent to extensive timber harvest areas. There is relatively low potential for recreation development in the area, although some hiking trails to small alpine lakes have potential. Streams and lakes are supporting fish populations at about the optimum level. The potential for mineral development is low.

C-178 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 512

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,002 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,182 0 Modified Landscape 0 4,884 20 4,884 20 0 0 3,802 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 5,164 0 5,164 0 0 1,382 Semi-Remote Recreation 5,064 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 120 300 0 300 0 5,184 0 0 Grand Total 5,184 5,184 5,184 5,184 5,184 5,184 5,184 5,184

C-179 Appendix C

(514) Sarkar National Forest acres: 56,488

Description The Sarkar roadless area is located on the north end of Prince of Wales Island and is bounded on three sides by extensive roaded and logged areas. A small segment of the eastern boundary is saltwater. The pending Native land selections at South Neck Lake and South Whale Pass have been excluded from this area, but do form part of its boundary. This area, used by prehistoric and historic Native cultures, contains what may be one of the larger known Native summer camps. Two traditional-use Native sites have been conveyed to Native Corporations in accordance with ANILCA. There are three recreation-use cabins and an associated trail system located at Barnes, Sweetwater, and Sarkar Lakes. The Sarkar Lake chain has a long history of subsistence and recreation use and is known for past and present use as a canoe route. The area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest and has populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Sarkar Lake is a wintering area for trumpeter swan. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activity.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area is good and most of the area has remained Potential unaltered by human activity. There is very good opportunity for solitude within the area, except for the sights and sounds of logging on the very fringe. Other recreationists or subsistence users may be encountered during the summer. Excellent primitive and semi-primitive recreation opportunities exist, particularly in the northern end of the Sarkar Lakes chain due to the remoteness and solitude of the area and to its outstanding canoeing, fishing and camping opportunities.

Resources The area contains 11,537 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Although the area is in the primary sale area for the KPC Long Term Sale, it cannot be easily managed for timber production because of the large number of lakes, streams, and riparian areas, and because the timber is arranged in small dispersed stands. The area is important for wildlife as a place of unaltered habitat within a much wider area of extensive timber harvest. The area was considered for wilderness designation in Tongass reform legislation, but was not included in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. A potential Research Natural Area is inventoried in the area, and the river and lakes are eligible for Wild, Scenic and Recreational river designation. The area has considerable potential for developed and dispersed recreation activity, including trail construction and canoe portages in the Sarkar Lakes area, and additional recreation cabins throughout this area. Currently, no mining or known prospecting is occurring within this roadless area.

C-180 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 514

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 00000024,827 0 LUD III 00000020,358 0 LUD IV 00000011,303 0 Modified Landscape 0 17,201 6,549 17,201 6,489 0 0 4,986 Old Growth Habitat 6,522 0 18,234 0 18,414 0 0 19,256 Remote Recreation 9,615 16,006 16,006 16,006 16,006 0 0 15,946 RNA 20000000 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 120 120 120 0 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 22,918 000000 0 Special Interest Area 3,592 000000 0 Timber Production 0 9,360 1,778 9,360 1,778 56,488 0 2,219 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 13,821 13,801 13,801 13,801 13,801 0 0 14,081 Grand Total 56,488 56,488 56,488 56,488 56,488 56,488 56,488 56,488

C-181 Appendix C

(515) Kosciusko National Forest acres: 64,936

Description The Kosciusko roadless area is within the low mountain arc of the Pacific Mountain system and is located off the northwest end of Prince of Wales Island. It is surrounded by roaded and logged areas, including its southwest boundary, while saltwater forms the rest of its boundary. The coastal area was used by prehistoric and historic Native cultures, while Russians used the west coast for trading. Outstanding features include the landscape around Mount Francis, the highly diverse terrain around the The Nipples and particularly the Odd Rock Creek drainage with its dramatic steep slopes enclosing scenic meadows. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. Sitka black-tailed deer, black bear, wolves, mink, and bald eagles are the best known species inhabiting the area. There are no trails, but there is one recreation cabin at Shipley Bay. Use by local residents is primarily for excursions into the many bays and inlets for general boating, fishing, and hunting. Subsistence use exists in the area.

Wilderness There is high opportunity for solitude within the area, except for the very fringe Potential where the sights and sounds of logging may be evident. The rugged terrain with many isolated lake or alpine basins enhances the opportunity for solitude. Several portions of this area provide excellent opportunities for semi-primitive and primitive recreation due to their remoteness and their many scenic and recreation attractions, including lakes, scenic alpine areas, and protected saltwater bays.

Resources The area contains 8,791 acres of tentatively suitable forest lands. The entire roadless area is within the primary sale area for the KPC Long Term Sale, but the central part was legislated as the Mt. Calder/Mt. Holbrook LUD II in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. Most of the remaining area could easily be managed for timber production since the existing peripheral area has an extensive logging road network and there is ample opportunity to construct log transfer facilities. The area is important unaltered habitat for wildlife within a much wider area of extensive timber harvest. Recreation use is low in the area due to its remoteness, however there is significant potential for developed and dispersed recreation activity, including trail construction, additional cabins, and anchor buoys. The caves which have been located in the limestone formations of the area have national significance and provide an added unique opportunity as a recreation attraction. El Cap Pass and Dry Pass, on the eastern and northern borders, are part of an identified kayak route along the west coast of Prince of Wales Island. One inactive mining claim is located within the area and potential exists for development of the limestone and marble resources.

C-182 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 515

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 42,421 42,441 42,441 42,441 42,441 42,441 42,421 42,521 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,515 0 Modified Landscape 0 883 783 883 783 0 0 904 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 3,993 0 3,069 0 0 7,104 Other1 020202020200 0 Remote Recreation 0 40 40 40 40 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 2,329 1,205 2,329 984 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 22,515 581 581 581 581 0 0 621 Special Interest Area 0 0 0 0 1,887 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 18,642 15,873 18,642 15,130 22,475 0 13,786 Grand Total 64,936 64,936 64,936 64,936 64,935 64,936 64,936 64,936

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-183 Appendix C

(516) Calder National Forest acres: 10,438

Description The Calder roadless area is located on the northwest end of Prince of Wales Island and includes a number of major and minor islands in Shakan Bay. It is bounded on the north and east by roaded and harvested areas, and the Pacific Ocean and Shakan Bay form Calder's western and southern boundaries. Aboriginal peoples used the bay and its islands as a homesite. Special features include the prominent peak of Mount Calder, the numerous offshore islands, a limestone formation which may have large caves, and the overall island environment. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. There are populations of deer, bear, wolves, mink, and bald eagles in the area. There is a State selected parcel in the southeast portion of the area on the east shore of Shakan Bay. There are no improved trails or recreation-use cabins within the area. Use by local residents is primarily excursions into Shakan Bay by boat for subsistence and recreation purposes.

Wilderness The extensive logging on the eastern and northern edges of this area, including the Potential lower slopes of Mount Calder, significantly impacts the area's natural integrity. Due to the topography, the sight and sound of traffic and logging activities are not apparent from within most of the roadless area, so there is a high opportunity for solitude. Shakan Bay receives considerable use by the fishing fleet and recreation boaters. The area provides primarily a semi-primitive recreation opportunity, however, recreation use is low on land and island areas.

Resources About half of this roadless area became the Mt. Calder/Mt. Holbrook LUD II in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act. The area contains 1,084 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The entire roadless area is included within the primary sale area for the KPC long-term Sale. Much of the area could be easily managed for timber production since the existing peripheral area has an extensive logging road network and the necessary sites for log transfer facilities. The area is important for wildlife as a place of unaltered habitat within a much wider area of extensive timber harvest. Good potential exists for developed and dispersed recreation activities, including construction of trails, cabins, and saltwater buoys and docks. An identified potential kayak route goes through the islands along the west coast of Prince of Wales Island. Mineral potential may be important because of the known, but undeveloped, deposits of marble located in the south part of the area. Most of the rest of the roadless area is proposed for Special Interest Area designation.

C-184 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 516

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 8,732 8,591 8,591 8,591 8,591 8,591 8,591 8,591 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,727 0 Modified Landscape 0 482 482 482 482 0 0 341 Semi-Remote Recreation 642 0 0 0000120 Special Interest Area 1,064 642 642 642 763 0 0 883 Timber Production 0 722 722 722 602 1,847 0 502 Grand Total 10,438 10,437 10,437 10,437 10,438 10,438 10,438 10,437

C-185 Appendix C

(517) El Capitan National Forest acres: 27,126

Description The El Capitan roadless area, located on the north end of Prince of Wales Island, is within the large limestone formation occurring on this part of the island. The area is characterized by low elevation but rugged terrain, numerous small streams which drain into Red Lake (the largest within the area), and no saltwater shoreline. Roaded and harvested areas are on the north, west, and south sides, while a road forms the eastern boundary separating El Capitan from the Salmon Bay roadless area. The area was used by prehistoric and historic Native cultures. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. Deer, bear, wolves, mink, and bald eagles are the best known species inhabiting the area. Fishing and solitude of the Red Lake area, which has one recreation cabin at the north end, are attractions. There are no improved trails in the area. Use by local residents is primarily subsistence, and excursions into Red Lake for fishing and cabin use.

Wilderness The existence of extensive timber harvest along the edge of this area is quite Potential dominant and significantly reduces its natural integrity. Excluding the very fringe where the sights and sounds of logging and traffic may be evident, there is a high opportunity for solitude. Floatplanes are used to transport people to the Red Lake cabin. The area primarily provides semi-primitive recreation opportunities, most of which are located around Red Lake and its alpine areas, and Red Bay Mountain and El Capitan Peak.

Resources The area contains 5,249 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The entire area is included within the primary sale area for the KPC long-term Sale, and 3,028 unroaded acres were approved for harvest in the 1989-94 Operating Period EIS in Marble Creek, Big Creek and Alder Creek around the perimeter of the area. The area could easily be managed for timber production since the existing peripheral area has an extensive logging road network and the necessary sites for log transfer facilities. Additional timber sale projects in the next 10 years are likely. The area is important for wildlife as a place of unaltered habitat within a much wider area of extensive timber harvest. Some potential for developed recreation activity exists, including trail construction and possibly another cabin at Red Lake. The caves which have been located in the limestone formations on the west side of the area have national significance and could provide a unique opportunity to develop destination recreation facilities with interpretive and viewing experiences. Part of this area is proposed as a Special Interest Area land use designation. There are marble formations in the southwest corner of the area, however no current mining or prospecting currently exists.

C-186 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 517

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,859 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,267 0 Modified Landscape 0 1,803 1,502 1,803 1,261 0 0 2,383 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 3,667 0 3,166 0 0 3,749 Remote Recreation 1,165 0 0 00000 Scenic Viewshed 0 2,967 582 2,967 582 0 0 1,401 Semi-Remote Recreation 25,721 0 0 00000 Special Interest Area 241 4,731 4,731 4,731 7,718 0 0 6,936 Timber Production 0 17,626 16,644 17,626 14,399 27,126 0 12,657 Grand Total 27,127 27,127 27,126 27,127 27,126 27,126 27,126 27,126

C-187 Appendix C

(518) Salmon Bay National Forest acres: 23,763

Description The Salmon Bay roadless area, characterized by low elevation mountains with steep slopes, is located on the north end of Prince of Wales Island. The area is bounded on three sides by roaded and logged areas, while a road forms the west boundary separating it from the El Capitan roadless area. The coastal portion was used by prehistoric and historic Native cultures, and Salmon Bay was the site of fish canneries in the early 1900's. Fish inventories show numerous streams which are high quality salmon spawning habitat. These streams and Salmon Bay Lake also contain rainbow trout. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. Deer, bear, wolves, mink and bald eagles inhabit the area. The outstanding stream and lake fishing and solitude of the Salmon Bay Lake area are attractions. One improved trail exists in this area; from near the cabin at the outlet to Salmon Bay Lake, downstream toward the bay. Use by local residents is primarily excursions into Salmon Bay Lake using the cabin as a base for fishing. Subsistence use in the area is minor.

Wilderness Most of the natural landscape remains unaltered by human activity and the natural Potential integrity is good. There is presently a good opportunity for solitude within the area. Logging is planned for some areas near Salmon Bay Lake and the sights and sounds of it will periodically be heard from the lake. Floatplanes are used to transport people to the recreation cabin. Although there are outstanding recreation opportunities in the area, the proximity of these attractions to harvest activities permits a semi-primitive recreation experience overall.

Resources The 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act designated 2,112 acres of this roadless area as the Salmon Bay LUD II. The remaining roadless area outside of the LUD II contains 2,112 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The entire roadless area is within the primary sale area of the KPC Long Term Sale. It is likely to have timber sale projects in the next 10 years since the peripheral area has an extensive logging road network and the necessary sites for log transfer facilities. The 1989-94 Operating Period EIS for the KPC long term sale approved 1,997 acres for harvest along the west side of the area and south of Salmon Bay Lake, which has affected the wilderness potential on about 20 percent of the original roadless area. The area is important for unaltered wildlife habitat within a much wider area of extensive timber harvest. There is potential for additional trails connecting Salmon Bay Lake to saltwater and connecting the logging road system to the southern end of Salmon Bay Lake. There is potential for one additional recreation cabin at Salmon Bay Lake and also good potential to manage for semi-primitive recreation experiences. Because of the known but undeveloped deposits of rare earth minerals located in the northern part of this roadless area, mineral management may be of potential importance.

C-188 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 518

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 10,071 10,091 10,091 10,091 10,091 10,091 10,071 10,091 LUD III 00000010,490 0 LUD IV 0000003,202 0 Modified Landscape 0 6,666 6,368 6,666 6,368 0 0 6,111 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 2,380 0 2,380 0 0 3,453 Scenic Viewshed 0 3,905 1,863 3,905 1,863 0 0 1,804 Semi-Remote Recreation 13,432 000000 0 Special Interest Area 241 000000 0 Timber Production 0 3,101 3,061 3,101 3,061 13,672 0 2,305 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 20 000000 0 Grand Total 23,764 23,763 23,763 23,763 23,763 23,763 23,763 23,764

C-189 Appendix C

(519) McKenzie National Forest acres: 84,284

Description The Polk roadless area has been split into 3 roadless areas since the SDEIS based on contiguous areas. The McKenzie area is located on the east-central part of Prince of Wales Island. The shoreline of Skowl Arm and Cholmondeley Sound is very irregular and possess many scenic coves, and there are many freshwater lakes. The Polk Inlet area was important for prehistoric and historic traditional use by the Haida Natives. The Haida Native Corporation made large land selections in this area. There is an existing Research Natural Area in the Old Tom Creek drainage, a fishing lodge in Clover Bay, and a recreation cabin at Trollers Cove. This area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest and also has high populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Local residents use the area for subsistence and extensively for recreation.

Wilderness The natural integrity of the area is good. The opportunity for solitude within this Potential area is generally good to excellent on the eastern half and interior. Due to the many saltwater and upland recreation opportunities there are excellent opportunities for semi-primitive and primitive recreation.

Resources This area contains 21,792 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There is great opportunity to manage this area for developed and dispersed recreation in a semi-primitive to primitive setting including trails from the many protected coves along the east side to the various lake basins just east of the coastline. The potential is very good for land- or water-based fishing resorts. The area has excellent potential for salmon enhancement projects, such as fish passes, on several of the streams. Mineral development potential is very low.

C-190 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 519

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,303 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 72,961 0 Modified Landscape 0 11,343 11,343 11,343 11,343 0 0 8,858 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 5,565 0 5,565 0 0 30,002 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Remote Recreation 51,529 10,174 10,174 10,174 10,174 0 0 0 RNA 4,364 4,344 4,344 4,344 4,344 4,344 0 4,304 Semi-Remote Recreation 28,371 0 0 0000241 Timber Production 0 58,403 52,837 58,403 52,837 79,920 0 40,859 Grand Total 84,284 84,284 84,283 84,284 84,283 84,284 84,284 84,284

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-191 Appendix C

(520) Kasaan National Forest acres: 7,593

Description The Kasaan roadless area includes the mountainous southern tip of the Kasaan Peninsula which is located on the east-central side of Prince of Wales Island. The area is bounded on the north by Native Corporation land, on the south by State land at Grindall Island, while the rest of the boundary is made up of Clarence Strait and Kasaan Bay making this a very isolated piece of National Forest. The records show that this area did not have much in the way of prehistoric or historic human activity and continues to receive little use. The vegetation is typical coastal southeast Alaska temperate rain forest. The area has high populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Alpine areas are excellent ptarmigan habitat.

Wilderness The entire area has remained unaltered by human activity which gives the area Potential good natural integrity. However, the State land conveyance fragmented the area and the key feature, Grindall Island, is in State ownership. The area provides few opportunities for solitude because the entire area is in close proximity or overlooks the shipping and marine channels of Clarence Strait and Kasaan Bay. The area provides primarily semi-primitive and primitive recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 2,546 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. However, due to its rugged terrain, limited coastal access, and isolation, resource management is constrained. Timber sale projects are unlikely in the next 10 to 15 years. Due to the lack of freshwater streams, this area has little value for fish resources. The mineral potential within the area is considered to be low.

C-192 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 520

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,593 0 Modified Landscape 0 7,552 0 7,552 0 0 0 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 7,593 0 7,593 0 0 7,593 Other1 00 0 00400 0 Remote Recreation 4,366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 40 0 40 0 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 3,227 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 7,552 0 0 Grand Total 7,593 7,592 7,593 7,592 7,593 7,592 7,593 7,593

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-193 Appendix C

(521) Duke National Forest acres: 44,818

Description The Duke Island roadless area consists of Duke, Mary, and Percy Islands and is located about 10 miles southeast of Annette Island and 10 miles west of Misty Fiords National Monument across Revillagigedo Channel. The islands are exposed to the frequent severe weather from Dixon entrance. The Judd Bay area on Duke island is used as a safe anchorage for fishing vessels, and 2,170 acres of land have been selected by the State at Judd Harbor. The islands were used by Alaska Natives in both ancient and historic times. The isolation and the rugged coastline interspersed with sandy beaches, plus the opportunity to view sea birds and mammals, are the special features of this roadless area. The islands are forested with poor quality hemlock, spruce and cedar. Duke Island has a fox population, some deer, and along the shoreline, the common sea mammals of southeast Alaska.

Wilderness With its essentially unapproachable shoreline, this area is unmodified and has Potential excellent natural integrity. There is outstanding opportunity for solitude. There is good opportunity for primitive recreation, primarily along the coastal areas, however there are no recreation attractions inland such as lakes, streams, or alpine features.

Resources The area contains 5,750 acres of tentatively suitable forest lands. The lack of quality timber, absence of fresh water, and lack of safe access preclude active management of the resources on these islands. A few skilled boaters do land on the island to beachcomb on the several sand beaches.

C-194 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 521

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,456 0 Other1 422 40 40 40 40 422 362 0 Remote Recreation 1,889 0 0 00000 RNA 644 644 644 644 644 644 0 644 Semi-Remote Recreation 4,603 0 0 00000 Special Interest Area 37,260 44,073 44,073 44,073 44,073 0 0 44,173 Timber Production 0 60 60 60 60 43,752 0 0 Grand Total 44,818 44,817 44,817 44,817 44,817 44,818 44,818 44,817

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-195 Appendix C

(522) Gravina National Forest acres: 37,200

Description The Gravina roadless area is located on Gravina Island across the Revillagigedo Channel from Ketchikan. The area is characterized by low elevation topography, a rugged backbone ridge, and muskeg flats. Access is by boat, floatplane, or hiking through State land after taking the public airport ferry. Gravina Island is heavily influenced by the growth in the greater Ketchikan area which supports an airport on the northern end of the island. State and Native land selections extend into the area causing an irregular boundary. Gravina Island was used by prehistoric and historic Native cultures, as well as by early settlers. The vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest and also has a high population of Sitka black-tailed deer, some black bear, and some small furbearers. There is one recreation use cabin on the southwest coast, and an electronics site on High Mountain. Gravina Island has a long history of subsistence and recreation use by residents of Ketchikan.

Wilderness Because the area is surrounded primarily by large saltwater channels, the natural Potential integrity of the area is maintained. The opportunity for solitude within the area is marginal due to the constant sights and sounds of sport and commercial fishing boats, floatplanes, and jets. However, one is not likely to meet another person within the area. There is good opportunity for primitive recreation in the interior of the island and along the southwest coast which has good fishing and a cabin. Some of these primitive opportunities may be impacted in the future by development on the extensive State and private lands in the area.

Resources The area contains 14,203 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. The area has limited potential for commodity and market resource management. Potential for amenity values in terms of developed recreation, fish, and wildlife resources is also limited. A trail could be developed connecting the east side of Gravina along Tongass Narrows to Bostwick Lake and Inlet or to Blank Inlet. The State would be involved in this development. The southern end of Gravina Island has a history of mineral exploration and gold mining. Prospecting is occurring and there is potential for future mine development. Current recreation and subsistence use would likely continue.

C-196 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 522

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,200 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 0 000012,752 Remote Recreation 19,458 0 0 00000 Scenic Viewshed 0 0 0 00007,542 Semi-Remote Recreation 17,742 37,200 37,200 37,200 37,200 0 0 101 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 37,200 0 16,806 Grand Total 37,200 37,200 37,200 37,200 37,200 37,200 37,200 37,201

C-197 Appendix C

(523) South Revilla National Forest acres: 52,209

Description The South Revilla roadless area is located on the southwest quarter of Revillagigedo Island. The boundaries of the area consist mostly of Misty Fiords National Monument and the saltwater areas of George and Carroll Inlets and Thorne Arm. The Forest Service camp, Coast Guard Loran station at Shoal Cove, the Sealevel Mine patent are excluded from the area's boundary. The area is characterized by a combination of steep mountain slopes and gentle terrain. Prehistoric and historic Native cultures used this roadless area but their primary influences are now within the private, Native and State lands. There is one recreation cabin, a mooring buoy, and a hiking trail at Fish Creek. The Fish Creek-Low Lake drainage at the head of Thorne Arm, and the cluster of lakes near the summit of Black Mountain, are scenic points. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. The area has populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Trumpeter swan use the major saltwater inlets and freshwater lakes as resting areas during migration. Primary uses of the area are for subsistence salmon fishing in Thorne Arm, some trapping, and much sport fishing in the streams and lakes.

Wilderness Most of the area has remained unaltered by human activity, except for some timber Potential harvest primarily at the head of Thorne Arm. The natural integrity is good. There is excellent opportunity for solitude within most of this area, although during steelhead and salmon fishing seasons it is likely a person would encounter other individuals. The sights and sounds of aircraft can be heard almost anywhere in the area. Good opportunities for primitive and semi-primitive recreation exist along the east shore of Thorne Arm and along potential trail corridors such as Gokachin Creek which lead into Misty Fiords National Monument.

Resources The area contains 11,574 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Recent timber harvest has occurred in the Elf Point area in Thorne Arm. Much of this roadless area is being considered for future timber entry and it is likely in the next 10 years. Some potential exists for additional recreation cabins and trails within the Thorne Arm part of this area. The Gokachin Lakes area has been recognized as an outstanding canoeing opportunity. The major streams provide excellent fish habitat and are widely known for high quality steelhead and salmon fishing. The major lakes within the Fish Creek drainage have very good stocks of rainbow trout. Although no active mining is occurring at this time, there is interest in the mineral potential of the Black Mountain and Moth Bay areas. Recreation and subsistence use would likely continue.

C-198 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 523

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD I Release 0000003200 LUD II 00000022,304 0 LUD III 0000006,815 0 LUD IV 00000022,750 0 Modified Landscape 0 3,038 1,220 3,038 3,038 0 0 1,779 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 6,716 00007,241 Other1 60 40 40 40 40 40 20 0 Remote Recreation 27,959 11,192 11,192 11,192 11,192 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 3,238 3,238 3,238 3,238 0 0 4,365 Semi-Remote Recreation 23,590 11,432 11,432 11,432 11,432 2,378 0 22,284 Timber Production 0 23,269 18,372 23,269 23,269 49,791 0 16,539 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 600 000000 0 Grand Total 52,209 52,209 52,210 52,209 52,209 52,209 52,209 52,208

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-199 Appendix C

(524) Revilla National Forest acres: 30,896

Description The Revilla roadless area has been split since the SDEIS to only include contiguous land northeast of Ketchikan and west of George Inlet. It is characterized by rugged terrain, steep mountain slopes and numerous lakes. The entire southern boundary of this area is influenced by the development associated with Ketchikan. This area is the source of Ketchikan's domestic water supply. Extensive State and Native land selections north of Ketchikan, and in George Inlet, create a very irregular boundary. Prehistoric and historic Native cultures used the area, but the main areas of influence are now within private, Native and State lands. There are two Forest Service campgrounds, picnic areas, and a trail at Ward Lake. Perseverance and Connell Lake Trails are also located within the Ward Lake Area. The Ward Lake drainage receives extremely heavy recreation activity throughout the year. The main attraction is that it is the only National Forest land area that is accessible by road from Ketchikan. Deer Mountain Trail begins adjacent to the City of Ketchikan. It is a National Recreation Trail and links Ketchikan to both John Mountain Trail and Silvis Lakes Trail. The area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. It has populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Trumpeter swan use the major inlets and lakes as resting areas during migration. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activity.

Wilderness The area has been modified by human activity connected with its close proximity to Potential Ketchikan and logging areas. There is opportunity for solitude within certain parts of the area, but along the southern edge there is noise from Ketchikan, and aircraft noise can be heard virtually everywhere. Opportunities for primitive recreation are also limited, however there are many semi-primitive attractions available.

Resources The area contains 5,256 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. This area has high potential for development of roaded recreation which is a priority objective for the many of people in the Ketchikan area. Plans include extending Ward Lake road into the upper end of George and Carroll Inlets; a long-range plan proposes connecting Ketchikan to the mainland with a road proceeding northward to the Bradfield Canal. Potential exists for trail construction, additional recreation cabins, and campgrounds within the area. There is some potential for fish habitat improvement, however the best opportunities are now within State and Native selected lands. There is some hunting and trapping in the area, but much of the terrain is too rough for quality sport hunting. There are mining claims located on Mahoney Mountain.

C-200 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 524

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0000006,795 0 LUD III 00000013,269 0 LUD III Special 00000010,832 0 Municipal Watershed 6,835 6,835 6,835 6,835 6,835 20 0 6,874 Old Growth Habitat 00000004,836 Other1 42000001,119 0 0 Remote Recreation 2,758 8,673 8,673 8,673 8,673 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 2,178 2,178 2,178 2,178 0 0 2,058 Semi-Remote Recreation 15,867 5,256 5,256 5,256 5,256 22,842 0 9,173 Special Interest Area 4,856 4,996 4,996 4,996 4,996 0 0 4,996 Timber Production 0 2,958 2,958 2,958 2,958 6,914 0 2,958 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 160 000000 0 Grand Total 30,896 30,896 30,896 30,896 30,896 30,895 30,896 30,895

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-201 Appendix C

(525) Behm Islands National Forest acres: 5,166

Description The Behm Islands roadless area includes a chain of islands extending from Point Higgins to Naha Bay offshore of the southwest corner of Revillagigedo Island. They lie just off-shore of the northern portion of the Ketchikan road system. These islands form the sheltered water known as Clover Pass which has been designated a Scenic Recreation Area by the Ketchikan Borough. Although there are no highly distinctive scenic features, the combination of waterways, islands, and the backdrop of more massive landforms around this popular fishing and boating area make this a very attractive landscape. Prehistoric and historic Native cultures used these islands. There is one recreation residence authorized by a special-use permit on Betton Island and there is one parcel of private land on Grant Island. There are U.S. Coast Guard navigation aids installed on several of the islands. The Navy has support buildings and a dock on Back Island for their acoustical test range located in Behm Canal. The area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. There are few land mammals on these islands, but marine mammals are occasionally seen on or near rocks along the shoreline. The area receives light use.

Wilderness A few small structures scattered throughout this area are the only alterations to the Potential natural landscape. Several homes, marinas, and resort developments can be seen on the shore of Revillagigedo Island from many portions of this area. The Navy's acoustical test site interrupts the apparent natural integrity of Back Island. There is practically no opportunity for solitude within this area. During the summer there are the constant sights and sounds of powerboats. The area provides primarily roaded natural and semi-primitive recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 2,843 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Since the area is made up of small islands which have limited potential for timber harvest or other resource management activities, it could easily be managed in a roadless condition. This roadless area has minor potential for recreation development and use. There is some opportunity to provide unimproved or semi-improved rest/campsites for kayakers, however this island group is projected to remain a scenic backdrop to the significant amount of charter and independent fishing that occurs in the Clover Pass area. Sea mammals and birds will continue to use the shoreline environment.

C-202 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 525

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,166 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 5,166 5,166 5,166 5,166 5,166 0 0 5,166 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 5,166 0 0 Grand Total 5,166 5,166 5,166 5,166 5,166 5,166 5,166 5,166

C-203 Appendix C

(526) North Revilla National Forest acres: 217,818

Description The North Revilla roadless area is located on the west coast of Revillagigedo Island and has a rich history in the development of southern southeast Alaska, including commercial fishing, homesteading, and a fish hatchery. Misty Fiords National Monument, roaded areas to the south, and private and native lands to the southwest form three of its boundaries, while the northwest boundary is the harvest areas of Gedney Pass, Neets Creek, and Traitors River. Mountain slopes are steep and the area is dominated by an extensive lake chain associated with the Naha River drainage which is managed for recreation use, including a boat dock, a small boat tram, the Naha Trail (which is a National Recreation Trail), and six recreation cabins. There is one cabin at the east end of Orchard Lake. Prehistoric and historic Native cultures' activities mostly centered in the Naha Bay area. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. The area has populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Trumpeter swans use the major inlets and lakes as resting areas during migration. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activity.

Wilderness The natural integrity is good and the 400 acres of private inholdings do not Potential significantly impact the area except in the southwest portion where the influences of Ketchikan are greater. There is opportunity for solitude within certain parts of the area, however one is likely to meet other people in the Naha area, near Orten Ranch, and around the cabins which are reached by floatplane. There are outstanding opportunities for primitive or semi-primitive recreation experiences due to many remote and scenic attractions.

Resources The area contains 51,470 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Timber sale projects are likely in the next 10 to 15 years in parts of the area. The long-term management intent for the North Revilla roadless area is to manage the Naha River drainage in its roadless condition with considerable emphasis on supporting the dispersed and developed (cabin) recreation use. In the Naha River drainage 31,365 acres were designated LUD II in the Tongass Timber Reform Act. The area has potential for additional trails. There is some hunting and trapping within the area, but in general, the terrain is too rough for quality sports hunting. A potential road corridor connecting Ketchikan with the Canadian highway system, by way of Bradfield River, passes through the eastern part of this area. The potential for mineral development is considered to be low. There is currently a feasibility study for the Tyee/Swan Lake Powerline intertie. If this project is approved, the powerline will bisect this roadless area. The exact location of the powerline has not yet been determined.

C-204 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 526

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 31,151 31,151 31,151 31,151 31,151 31,131 31,151 31,231 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,056 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,414 0 LUD III Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,379 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 102,818 0 Modified Landscape 0 16,448 11,989 16,448 16,448 0 0 8,947 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 28,137 0 0 0 0 30,520 Other1 0 160 160 160 160 140 0 100 Remote Recreation 64,104 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,387 Scenic Viewshed 0 25,513 17,594 25,513 25,513 0 0 11,817 Semi-Remote Recreation 111,517 30,418 30,418 30,418 30,418 3,878 0 37,869 Special Interest Area 880 919 919 919 919 0 0 919 Timber Production 0 113,029 97,270 113,029 113,029 182,670 0 61,862 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 10,166 180 180 180 180 0 0 10,166 Grand Total 217,818 217,818 217,818 217,818 217,818 217,819 217,818 217,818

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-205 Appendix C

(528) Cleveland National Forest acres: 190,230

Description The Cleveland roadless area is located on the mainland on the southern end of Cleveland Peninsula which is a major land mass between Revillagigedo Island and Prince of Wales Island. The community of Meyers Chuck, which is now on State owned land, was founded as a base for the fishing fleet and a cannery. The State has selected 3,365 acres within Spacious Bay. There is Native-selected land on the southwest coast that will likely be logged in the future. Ketchikan Pulp Company owns a 160-acre parcel in Granite Creek drainage which they plan to log which will require a road through the Forest to saltwater. Attractions to the area include outstanding saltwater fishing in the major bays, large tidal flats at the ends of the bays, and the upland lakes between Helm Bay and Clarence Strait. There are 3 recreation cabins, a special-use right-of-way for a waterline and a powerline, an electronics site, and Coast Guard permits for navigation aids in the area. The vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. The area has a high population of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Trumpeter swan use the major inlets and lakes as resting areas during migration. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activity.

Wilderness The area has remained unaltered, except for Meyers Chuck, and has a high degree Potential of natural integrity. There is excellent opportunity for solitude in most parts of the area. Except around the southwestern end of the peninsula and the shores of Helm Bay, this area offers many primitive recreation opportunities.

Resources The area contains 78,555 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Most of the area is included within the contingency area for the KPC Long Term Sale. Timber sale projects may occur in the next 10 years. The current management emphasis is on recreation use, including cabins and additional trails, and there is considerable potential for fish habitat improvement. Although some hunting and trapping do occur within the area, there are no long-range plans for habitat improvement projects. There are several located and patented claims within this area and moderate potential for mineral development exists.

C-206 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 528

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,245 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,985 0 Modified Landscape 0 29,649 11,575 29,649 18,965 0 0 16,401 Old Growth Habitat 0 4,539 67,555 4,539 41,193 0 0 38,042 Remote Recreation 172,137 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scenic Viewshed 0 30,337 17,858 30,337 26,880 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 18,092 1,579 1,579 1,579 1,579 0 0 71,705 Timber Production 0 124,126 91,663 124,126 101,613 190,230 0 64,081 Grand Total 190,229 190,230 190,230 190,230 190,230 190,230 190,230 190,239

C-207 Appendix C

(529) North Cleveland National Forest acres: 109,004

Description The North Cleveland roadless area is located north of Revillagigedo Island and includes land on Cleveland Peninsula, an extension of the mainland, and islands in Behm Canal. The east boundary coincides with that of Misty Fiords National Monument and other roadless areas. The area is characterized by very rugged terrain with steep mountain slopes causing deeply incised drainages. There are many lakes and even a few small glaciers. Some coastal locations were occupied by prehistoric and historic Native cultures. There are two commercial lodges, on Bell Island and in Yes Bay, and other commercial recreation uses closely tied to the excellent salmon fishing in the adjacent saltwater and streams. There are 5 recreation use cabins within the area and trails to lakes in the Yes Bay and Short Bay areas. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. There are populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Trumpeter swan use the major inlets and lakes as resting areas during their migrations. The main attractions of this area are its remoteness and outstanding scenery, plus excellent freshwater fishing. Bailey Bay Hot Springs has been inventoried as a potential Research Natural Area. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activity.

Wilderness The area has outstanding natural integrity with only one percent modified by Potential development on Hassler Island due to an old timber harvest. All parts of the area exhibit an excellent opportunity for solitude, except in areas of trails, cabins and lodges. Due to the vastness of the area, the high scenic quality, and abundance of saltwater and upland lake recreation attractions, and many trail opportunities, this area has outstanding opportunity for primitive recreation.

Resources The area contains 31,547 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Although the area is within the KPC Long Term Sale area, the 1989-94 Operating Plan does not include timber harvest here. Timber sale projects however are likely on Hassler Island in the next 10 years. Recreation potential of the area centers on continued management of the cabin system, additional trails for dispersed recreation activity, possible development at the Lake Shelokum (Bailey Bay) Hot Springs. Additional mooring buoys and fishing lodges in the popular bays have some potential. There is considerable potential for fish habitat improvement and fish pass construction on several streams. There is low potential for mining development in the area. There is an electronics site at Syble Point and several lighthouse or navigational aid reserves. A potential road corridor which could link Ketchikan with the Canadian Highway system by way of the Bradfield River passes through this area. The Tyee/Swan Lake Powerline intertie corridor would also pass through part of this area, although the exact route has not been determined.

C-208 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 529

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 107,581 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,483 0 Old Growth Habitat 0 280 280 280 280 0 0 200 Other1 20 20 20 20 20 0 0 20 Remote Recreation 94,336 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,722 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,483 1,483 1,483 1,483 0 0 962 Semi-Remote Recreation 6,814 103,753 103,753 103,753 103,753 0 0 71,468 Special Interest Area 2,585 3,508 3,508 3,508 3,508 0 0 3,508 Timber Production 0 20 20 20 20 109,065 0 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 5,309 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,164 Grand Total 109,064 109,064 109,064 109,064 109,064 109,065 109,064 109,064

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-209 Appendix C

(530) Hyder National Forest acres: 121,664

Description The Hyder roadless area consists of massive angular mountains and narrow saltwater fiords located east of the adjacent Misty Fiords National Monument and west of the Canadian border and Hyder, Alaska. Glaciers and ice fields are prominent in the interior and several medium-sized rivers flow through or originate in it. The area has a rich history of mining which is why it was not made part of Misty Fiords National Monument. The opportunity to view glaciers and the spectacular landscape, including the vast expanse of the Salmon River Valley, are special features of the area. Alpine vegetation dominates elevations above 2,500 feet. Below that, the steep mountainsides are heavily marked with snow and landslide paths which are typically covered with grass, alder and brush. A small population of mountain goat range over the area, as do black and brown bear and a small population of moose. The area is used by locals for trapping and some recreation. The State has selected 160 acres of land at Fish Creek.

Wilderness Except for scattered evidence of past mining, the area has remained unaltered by Potential human activity and is surrounded by vast areas of designated Wilderness, or undeveloped Canadian land, giving the area excellent natural integrity. Within the area, opportunities for solitude are excellent, although aircraft going to and from Hyder or Canadian mining operations can be seen and heard. The area has great potential for primitive recreation, however, it is only accessible by long hikes over difficult terrain, offering a high degree of physical challenge, or by helicopter. There are two potential recreation cabins in the area and it is possible that clearing an old mining road could provide easier access to a small part of the area.

Resources The area contains 9,522 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. Due to steep terrain and low timber volume, the potential for managing timber is low. The potential exists for additional outfitters and guide permits, for development of additional cabins and shelters, and for reopening of historic mining trails. The streams within the area are heavily influenced by glacier melt runoff, resulting in few opportunities for fish habitat improvements. The level of mining activity has elevated, due partially to mines reopening on the Canadian side of the border near the area.

C-210 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 530

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD II 0 0 0 0 0 0 67,390 0 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,786 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,488 0 Other1 0 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 Remote Recreation 107,120 67,330 67,330 67,330 67,330 0 0 67,390 Scenic Viewshed 0 28,806 28,806 28,806 28,806 0 0 7,421 Semi-Remote Recreation 12,203 25,428 25,428 25,428 25,428 121,664 0 46,852 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 2,340 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 121,663 121,664 121,664 121,664 121,664 121,664 121,664 121,663

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-211 Appendix C

(531) Nutkwa National Forest acres: 52,961

Description The Nutkwa roadless area, characterized by mountain ridges separated by rather broad drainages, is located on the southwest corner of Prince of Wales Island and has always been considered a remote area. The major sounds and bays provide bases for commercial fishing including anchorages, fish processing facilities, and fish buying stations. Since the early 1900's there has been interest in mineral resources which resulted in several patented claims (300 acres) and numerous unpatented claims that are currently active. The Nutkwa area is one of the Haida Natives' traditional use areas. There is also evidence of considerable prehistoric use of coast sites. The Natives have made land selections in the western part of this area and the State has made several selections scattered over the entire area. Vegetation is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. There are populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. The Big Creek drainage is considered an excellent example of wildlife habitat in the old-growth forest condition. The extensive canoeing opportunity is an outstanding attraction, as are the alpine lakes around the Lake Josephine recreation cabin.

Wilderness The entire area has remained unaltered by human activity so the natural integrity is Potential excellent. Excluding the western fringe where the sights and sounds of logging and traffic may be evident, the area has excellent opportunity for solitude due to its remoteness and difficult access. There are outstanding opportunities for primitive recreation in many parts of this area due to the scenic, fishing, and canoeing attractions in the Nutkwa Lagoon area, and the scenic, hiking, and camping attractions in the Lake Josephine area. The area is adjacent to the South Prince of Wales Wilderness to the south. It includes the Nutkwa LUD II area in the north, legislated in the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act.

Resources The area contains 15,690 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. This roadless area is so remote and difficult to access that it receives very little management emphasis other than administration of the cabin and mining claims in the area. The area has very good timber management potential as almost all the suitable timber is near saltwater. Timber sale projects would be likely during the next 10 years. Mineral development potential is moderate. The area has excellent potential to enhance salmon spawning habitat on many streams in the area. The Haida Native Corporation is interested in adding much of the area in their next round of selections which must be completed by 1995.

C-212 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 531

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Legislated LUD II 21,323 21,663 21,663 21,663 21,663 21,663 21,303 21,283 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,305 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,353 0 Modified Landscape 0 10,747 10,727 10,747 10,747 0 0 80 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 8,861 00003,638 Other1 40 120 120 120 120 160 0 80 Remote Recreation 22,598 0 0 00000 Scenic Viewshed 0 778 778 778 778 0 0 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 9,000 0 0 0000579 Timber Production 0 19,652 10,811 19,652 19,652 31,138 0 27,301 Grand Total 52,961 52,960 52,960 52,960 52,960 52,961 52,961 52,961

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-213 Appendix C

(532) Fake Pass National Forest acres: 618

Description The Fake Pass roadless area consists of a group of small, low-lying, rocky, windswept islands, including Whale Head Island, off the southern coast of Kosciusko Island in Davidson Inlet. Warren Islands Wilderness is about 15 miles to the west. These islands are inaccessible to most except the most skilled boaters. There is no prehistoric, historic, or contemporary history related to this area. Adjacent areas on the Kosciusko Peninsula have been harvested. The larger islands of this group have limited tree growth, and the smaller ones are essentially devoid of trees and other vegetation. These islands provide habitat for sea birds and mammals. Bald eagles are often seen. The area contains two somewhat exposed anchorages, but there is no freshwater, and therefore, no freshwater fish habitat. There is virtually no human use on the islands.

Wilderness The entire area has remained unaltered by human activity and has excellent natural Potential integrity. There is excellent opportunity for solitude in the area because of its difficult access. Due to limited recreation attractions, difficult access, and the proximity of small rural communities, there is not a high potential for primitive recreation.

Resources The area contains 559 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. These islands do not have the basic resources to require active management plans or projects. It has little potential for recreation development or enhancement. The mineral potential is low.

C-214 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 532

Sum of Acres Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 618 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 618 0 0 0 0 0 0 618 Timber Production 0 618 618 618 618 618 0 0 Grand Total 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618

C-215 Appendix C

(533) Hydaburg National Forest acres: 11,350

Description Hydaburg roadless area was determined to be roaded in the DEIS and SDEIS, but better mapping techniques have shown that it is not roaded. It lies south of Hydaburg and all of the area is within the principal traditional-use area of the Haida Natives who have made extensive land selections nearby which are being logged. This area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest and also has high populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Local residents use the area for subsistence and extensively for recreation.

Wilderness Because of the irregular pattern of intrusion caused by past and present logging, Potential and by Native and State land selections, the natural integrity of the area is not ideal. The opportunity for solitude within this area is marginal due to nearby logging and boating. There are opportunities for semi-primitive and primitive recreation.

Resources This area contains 1,020 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. There is some opportunity to manage this area for developed and dispersed recreation in a semi-primitive to primitive setting. Mineral development potential is very low.

C-216 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 533

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,230 0 Other1 420 0 0 0 0 420 120 0 Semi-Remote Recreation 10,931 11,350 11,350 11,350 11,350 0 0 11,350 Timber Production 0 0 0 0 0 10,931 0 0 Grand Total 11,351 11,350 11,350 11,350 11,350 11,351 11,350 11,350

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-217 Appendix C

(534) Twelvemile Arm National Forest acres: 38,176

Description The Polk roadless area has been split into 3 roadless areas since the SDEIS based on contiguous areas. This area is located on the east-central part of Prince of Wales Island. Access is by the Alaska Marine Highway System through Hollis, by the extensive road system around the roadless area, by boat through Kasaan Bay, and by floatplane. These convenient ways to access the excellent fishing and hunting grounds, and the close proximity to Ketchikan, cause the area to receive extensive use. The Twelve-Mile Arm area was important for prehistoric and historic traditional use by the Haida Natives. The Haida Native Corporation made large land selections in this area. This area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest and also has high populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Local residents use the area for subsistence and extensively for recreation.

Wilderness Because of the irregular pattern of intrusion caused by past and present logging, Potential and by Native and State land selections, the natural integrity of the area is not ideal. The opportunity for solitude within this area is marginal due to logging, boating, and recreationists. Due to the many saltwater and upland recreation opportunities there are opportunities for semi-primitive recreation.

Resources This area contains 9,982 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. It is in the primary sale area of the KPC Long Term Sale. Timber harvest has been occurring around its perimeter for many years and plans are for harvest to continue. The 1989-94 Operating Period EIS for the Ketchikan Pulp Company Long Term Sale approved 2,187 acres of harvest around Polk Inlet and throughout the Old Franks Creek drainage. There is good opportunity to manage this area for developed and dispersed recreation in a roaded to semi-primitive setting, including a campground at the head of Twelve-Mile Arm. Mineral development potential is very low.

C-218 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 534

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,461 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,715 0 Modified Landscape 0 4,094 3,375 4,094 3,375 0 0 839 Old Growth Habitat 0 0 14,940 0 14,940 0 0 17,916 Scenic Viewshed 0 1,681 220 1,681 220 0 0 80 Semi-Remote Recreation 38,176 0 0 00000 Timber Production 0 32,401 19,641 32,401 19,641 38,176 0 19,341 Grand Total 38,176 38,176 38,176 38,176 38,176 38,176 38,176 38,176

C-219 Appendix C

(535) Carroll National Forest acres: 11,671

Description The Carroll roadless area has been created since the SDEIS. It includes land east of George Inlet, west of Carroll Inlet and is bordered on the north by timber harvest and roading. It is characterized by rugged terrain, steep mountain slopes, and lakes. Extensive State and Native land selections north of Ketchikan, and in George Inlet, create a very irregular boundary. Prehistoric and historic Native cultures used the area, but the main areas of influence are now within private, Native and State lands. The area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest. It has populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Trumpeter swan use the major inlets and lakes as resting areas during migration. The area receives significant local use for subsistence and recreation activity.

Wilderness The area has been modified by human activity connected with its close proximity to Potential Ketchikan and logging areas. There is opportunity for solitude within certain parts of the area, but primarily, opportunities exist for semi-primitive recreation.

Resources The area contains 3,318 acres of tentatively suitable forest land.

C-220 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 535

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD III 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,874 0 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,798 0 Modified Landscape 0 3,497 3,497 3,497 3,497 0 0 3,497 Semi-Remote Recreation 11,671 0 0 00000 Timber Production 0 8,174 8,174 8,174 8,174 11,671 0 8,174 Grand Total 11,671 11,671 11,671 11,671 11,671 11,671 11,672 11,671

C-221 Appendix C

(536) Kasaan Bay National Forest acres: 7,247

Description The Polk roadless area has been split into 3 roadless areas since the SDEIS based on contiguous areas. The Kasaan Bay roadless area is located on the east-central part of Prince of Wales Island. The Kasaan and Sealaska Native Corporations made large land selections in this area. This area is typical southeast Alaska coastal temperate rain forest and also has high populations of deer, bear, otter, marten, mink, loon, and common waterfowl. Local residents use the area for subsistence and extensively for recreation.

Wilderness Because of the irregular pattern of intrusion caused by past and present logging, Potential and by Native and State land selections, the natural integrity of the area is not ideal. The opportunity for solitude within this area is marginal. There are opportunities for semi-primitive recreation.

Resources This area contains 1,802 acres of tentatively suitable forest land. It is in the primary sale area of the KPC Long Term Sale. This area is a small island of National Forest land surrounded by Native timber harvest which has been occurring around its perimeter for many years and plans are for harvest to continue. Mineral development potential is very low.

C-222 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 536

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 LUD IV 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,247 0 Old Growth Habitat 3,383 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other1 2000002000 Semi-Remote Recreation 3,844 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timber Production 0 7,247 7,247 7,247 7,247 7,227 0 7,247 Grand Total 7,247 7,247 7,247 7,247 7,247 7,247 7,247 7,247

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-223 Appendix C

(577) Quartz National Forest acres: 143,121

Description The Quartz roadless area is a part of Misty Fiords National Monument and lies in the middle of the mainland portion of it about 50 miles east of Ketchikan. ANILCA did not include this area as Wilderness because of the pending plans to develop the Quartz Hill molybdenum mine. A special-use permit has been issued to U.S. Borax for the construction and operation of a road and shore-related dock facilities. The Quartz Hill patents include 647 acres. The area is extremely rugged with massive landforms and deep, narrow fiords protruding into the land mass. The natural features of the area, scenery, and the opportunity to see wildlife and to study the processes which formed the landscape are special attractions. Alpine vegetation dominates above 2,500 feet elevation. Below that the steep mountainsides are heavily marked with snowslide and landslide paths which are typically covered with grass, alder, and brush. A small population of mountain goat ranges over the area, as do brown and black bear, and a small population of moose. Local residents use the area for recreation.

Wilderness The area is virtually unaltered except for the Quartz Hill mine and its access road, Potential providing good natural integrity. The most significant influence is the noise and sight of a large number of aircraft on flightseeing trips during the summer cruiseship season, and the helicopters going to Quartz Hill. Otherwise, there is high opportunity for solitude in the area. Due to the remoteness of the area, the minimal sights and sounds of human activity, and the great physical challenge presented by the rugged terrain and dense vegetation, there are good opportunities for primitive recreation. Because of its inland location, it does not possess the variety of recreation attractions that are found in neighboring portions of the monument.

Resources The area does not contain any tentatively suitable forest land because of the current National Monument designation. The area is best suited for dispersed recreation. The streams in this area are important for salmon production and there may be some opportunity for fish habitat improvement. There has been much mineral exploration activity associated with the Quartz Hill molybdenum deposit. Although it is still uncertain when mine development will occur, when it does there will likely be much monitoring and research into the impacts of additional road building and mine excavation on fish habitat, and the effects of dumping mine tailings into saltwater.

C-224 Appendix C

Consequences by Alternative for Roadless Area 577

Alternative LUD 1 2 3 & 10 4 5 & 6 7 9 11 Non-Wild. Monument 131,573 139,339 139,339 139,339 139,339 139,339 143,101 143,121 Other1 20 3,782 3,782 3,782 3,782 3,782 20 0 Wild, Scenic, & Rec Rivers 11,529 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 143,122 143,121 143,121 143,121 143,121 143,121 143,121 143,121

1 These acres represent areas where the point coverage and polygon coverage did not match

C-225