Testing Pyroxenite Versus Peridotite Sources for Marine Basalts Using U-Series Isotopes
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Mantle Peridotite Xenoliths
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 260 (2007) 37–55 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Mantle peridotite xenoliths in andesite lava at El Peñon, central Mexican Volcanic Belt: Isotopic and trace element evidence for melting and metasomatism in the mantle wedge beneath an active arc ⁎ Samuel B. Mukasa a, , Dawnika L. Blatter b, Alexandre V. Andronikov a a Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, USA b Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Received 6 July 2006; received in revised form 3 May 2007; accepted 7 May 2007 Available online 13 May 2007 Editor: R.W. Carlson Abstract Peridotites in the mantle wedge and components added to them from the subducting slab are thought to be the source of most arc magmas. However, direct sampling of these materials, which provides a glimpse into the upper mantle beneath an active margin, is exceedingly rare. In the few arc localities where found, peridotite xenoliths are usually brought to the surface by basaltic magmas. Remarkably, the hornblende-bearing ultramafic xenoliths and clinopyroxene megaxenocrysts from El Peñon in the central Mexican Volcanic Belt were brought to the surface by a Quaternary high-Mg siliceous andesite, a rock type usually considered too evolved to be a direct product of mantle melting. The xenoliths and megaxenocrysts from El Peñon represent lithospheric mantle affected by significant subduction of oceanic lithosphere since as early as the Permian. Trace element and radiogenic isotope data we report here on these materials suggest a history of depletion by melt extraction, metasomatism involving a fluid phase, and finally, limited reaction between the ultramafic materials and the host andesite, probably during transport. -
Characteristics of Cr-Spinel and Whole Rock Geochemistry of the Nuasahi Igneous Complex, Orissa, India
Characteristics of Cr-Spinel and Whole Rock Geochemistry of the Nuasahi Igneous Complex, Orissa, India Sisir K. Mondal1, Michael D. Glascock2 and Edward. M. Ripley1 1Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 2Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 e-mail: [email protected], ripley@indiana@edu, [email protected] The Precambrian Nuasahi Igneous and contain minor interstitial phases such as Complex (NIC) is located in the southern part of serpentine, chlorite, talc, magnesite and sulfides. the Singhbhum North Orissa Province in Eastern Disseminated Cr-spinels occur as both cumulus and India and contains one of the largest and richest intercumulus phase in ultramafic cumulates and are chromite deposits in India. The NIC occurs in a commonly altered to ferritchromite/magnetite, terrain of the Archaean Iron Ore Group (IOG) of particularly in highly serpentinized rocks. The rocks of 3.1-3.3Ga age. The NIC consists of three ferrianchromite grains are irregularly distributed in principal components (1) chromiferous ultramfic the sulfide-rich assemblages of the breccia zone and rocks with four chromitite lodes; (2) massive in the matrix of the breccia. gabbroic rocks with titaniferous magnetite bands; (3) later intrusives of diabases and pyroxenite Chemical Composition (Fig.1). The field relations of these three The composition of olivine from both components define the following stratigraphic dunite and olivine-orthopyroxenite/harzburgite sequence: units is similar, with Fo and NiO contents ranging from 92 to 94 and 0.21 to 0.40wt%, respectively. Laterite The composition of orthopyroxene from enstatitite (3) Dykes and sills of diabase and pyroxenite and olivine-orthopyroxenite/harzburgite is En ~91- (2) Gabbroic rocks with titaniferous Ultramafic- magnetite bands 94 and from orthopyroxenite in the middle part of mafic (1) Chromiferous ultramafic rocks – the ultramafic sequence the composition is En ~84- complex interlayered sequence of enstatitite, olivine- 91. -
Reflectance Spectral Features and Significant Minerals in Kaishantun
minerals Article Reflectance Spectral Features and Significant Minerals in Kaishantun Ophiolite Suite, Jilin Province, NE China Chenglong Shi 1 ID , Xiaozhong Ding 1,*, Yanxue Liu 1 and Xiaodong Zhou 2 1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 26 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing 100037, China; [email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (Y.L.) 2 Survey of Regional Geological and Mineral Resource of Jilin Province, No.4177 Chaoda Road, Changchun 130022, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6899-9675 Received: 28 January 2018; Accepted: 28 February 2018; Published: 5 March 2018 Abstract: This study used spectrometry to determine the spectral absorption of five types of mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Kaishantun ophiolite suite in Northeast China. Absorption peak wavelengths were determined for peridotite, diabase, basalt, pyroxenite, and gabbro. Glaucophane, actinolite, zoisite, and epidote absorption peaks were also measured, and these were used to distinguish such minerals from other associated minerals in ophiolite suite samples. Combined with their chemical compositions, the blueschist facies (glaucophane + epidote + chlorite) and greenschist facies (actinolite + epidote + chlorite) mineral assemblage was distinct based on its spectral signature. Based on the regional tectonic setting, the Kaishantun ophiolite suite probably experienced the blueschist facies metamorphic peak during subduction and greenschist facies retrograde metamorphism during later slab rollback. Keywords: reflectance spectrum; ophiolite suite; mineral classification; Kaishantun; NE China 1. Introduction Ophiolites are segments of oceanic crust that have been residually accreted in convergent boundaries [1–3]. The principal focus of recent studies related to ophiolites has been on the spatial and temporal patterns of felsic to mafic-ultramafic rock suites. -
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth Anastassia Y
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth Anastassia Y. BORISOVA1,2*, Nail R. ZAGRTDENOV1, Michael J. TOPLIS3, Wendy A. BOHRSON4, Anne NEDELEC1, Oleg G. SAFONOV2,5,6, Gleb S. POKROVSKI1, Georges CEULENEER1, Ilya N. BINDEMAN7, Oleg E. MELNIK8, Klaus Peter JOCHUM9, Brigitte STOLL9, Ulrike WEIS9, Andrew Y. BYCHKOV2, Andrey A. GURENKO10, Svyatoslav SHCHEKA11, Artem TEREHIN5, Vladimir M. POLUKEEV5, Dmitry A. VARLAMOV5, Kouassi E.A. CHARITEIRO1, Sophie GOUY1, Philippe de PARSEVAL1 1 Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Université de Toulouse; UPS, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France 2 Geological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119899, Moscow, Russia 3 Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France 4 Central Washington University, Department of Geological Sciences, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA 5 Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia 6 Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa 7 Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, 1275 E 13th street, Eugene, OR, USA 8 Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, 1- Michurinskii prosp, 119192, Moscow, Russia 9 Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany 10 Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, UMR 7358, Université de Lorraine, 54501 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France 11 Bavarian Research -
Melt-PX, a Melting Parameterization for Mantle Pyroxenites Between 0.9
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE The role of pyroxenite in basalt genesis: Melt-PX, a melting 10.1002/2015JB012762 parameterization for mantle pyroxenites between Key Points: 0.9 and 5GPa • Melt-PX predicts the melting behavior of pyroxenites as a function of P, T, Sarah Lambart1,2, Michael B. Baker1, and Edward M. Stolper1 and X • > At P ~3.5 GPa, a large fraction 1Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, 2Department (>20%) of natural pyroxenites have near-solidus temperatures greater of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA than those of fertile peridotite • Crustal thickness depends on the mass fraction and composition of Abstract Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the source regions of oceanic basalts may contain pyroxenite in the mantle as well as pyroxenite in addition to peridotite. In order to incorporate the wide range of compositions and melting mantle potential temperature behaviors of pyroxenites into mantle melting models, we have developed a new parameterization, Melt-PX, which predicts near-solidus temperatures and extents of melting as a function of temperature and pressure Supporting Information: for mantle pyroxenites. We used 183 high-pressure experiments (25 compositions; 0.9–5 GPa; 1150–1675°C) • Supporting Information S1 • Table S1 to constrain a model of melt fraction versus temperature from 5% melting up to the disappearance of • Melt-PX spreadsheet clinopyroxene for pyroxenites as a function of pressure, temperature, and bulk composition. When applied to the global set of experimental data, our model reproduces the experimental F values with a standard error of Correspondence to: estimate of 13% absolute; temperatures at which the pyroxenite is 5% molten are reproduced with a S. -
The Ronda Peridotite: Garnet-, Spinel-, and Plagioclase-Lherzolite Facies and the P—T Trajectories of a High-Temperature Mantle Intrusion
The Ronda Peridotite: Garnet-, Spinel-, and Plagioclase-Lherzolite Facies and the P—T Trajectories of a High-Temperature Mantle Intrusion by MASAAKI OBATA* Institutfiir Kristallographie und Petrographie, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland (Received 18 October 1978; in revised form 28 June 1979) ABSTRACT The Ronda peridotite is a high-temperature, alpine-type peridotite emplaced in the internal Zone of the Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain. Using the mineral assemblages of the peridotite and mafic layers, the peridotite mass has been subdivided into 4 zones of mineral facies: (l)garnet-lherzolite facies, (2) ariegite subfacies of spinel-lherzolite facies, (3) seiland subfacies of spinel-lherzolite facies, and (4) plagioclase-lherzolite facies. It is proposed that this mineralogical zonation developed through a syntectic recrystallization of a hot (1100 to 1200 °C), solid mantle peridotite during its ascent into the Earth's crust. Coexisting minerals from 12 peridotites covering all the mineral facies above were analysed with an electron microprobe. Core compositions of pyroxene porphyroclasts are constant in all mineral facies and indicate that the peridotite was initially equilibrated at temperatures of 1100 to 1200 °C and pressures of 20 to 25 kb. In contrast, the compositions of pyroxene neoblasts and spinel grains (which appear to have grown during later recrystallization) are well correlated with mineral facies. They indicate that the recrystallization temperature throughout the mass is more or less constant, 800 to 900 °C, but that the pressure ranges from 5-7 kb in the plagioclase-lherzolite facies to 12-15 kb in the garnet-lherzolite facies. Therefore, variation in pressure appears to be primarily responsible for the four mineral facies types. -
Fingerprints of Kamafugite-Like Magmas in Mesozoic Lamproites of the Aldan Shield: Evidence from Olivine and Olivine-Hosted Inclusions
minerals Article Fingerprints of Kamafugite-Like Magmas in Mesozoic Lamproites of the Aldan Shield: Evidence from Olivine and Olivine-Hosted Inclusions Ivan F. Chayka 1,2,*, Alexander V. Sobolev 3,4, Andrey E. Izokh 1,5, Valentina G. Batanova 3, Stepan P. Krasheninnikov 4 , Maria V. Chervyakovskaya 6, Alkiviadis Kontonikas-Charos 7, Anton V. Kutyrev 8 , Boris M. Lobastov 9 and Vasiliy S. Chervyakovskiy 6 1 V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] 2 Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia 3 Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université de Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France; [email protected] (A.V.S.); [email protected] (V.G.B.) 4 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 5 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 6 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620016 Yekaterinburg, Russia; [email protected] (M.V.C.); [email protected] (V.S.C.) 7 School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; [email protected] 8 Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; [email protected] 9 Institute of Mining, Geology and Geotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-985-799-4936 Received: 17 February 2020; Accepted: 6 April 2020; Published: 9 April 2020 Abstract: Mesozoic (125–135 Ma) cratonic low-Ti lamproites from the northern part of the Aldan Shield do not conform to typical classification schemes of ultrapotassic anorogenic rocks. -
Oregon Geologic Digital Compilation Rules for Lithology Merge Information Entry
State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Vicki S. McConnell, State Geologist OREGON GEOLOGIC DIGITAL COMPILATION RULES FOR LITHOLOGY MERGE INFORMATION ENTRY G E O L O G Y F A N O D T N M I E N M E T R R A A L P I E N D D U N S O T G R E I R E S O 1937 2006 Revisions: Feburary 2, 2005 January 1, 2006 NOTICE The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries is publishing this paper because the infor- mation furthers the mission of the Department. To facilitate timely distribution of the information, this report is published as received from the authors and has not been edited to our usual standards. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Oregon Geologic Digital Compilation Published in conformance with ORS 516.030 For copies of this publication or other information about Oregon’s geology and natural resources, contact: Nature of the Northwest Information Center 800 NE Oregon Street #5 Portland, Oregon 97232 (971) 673-1555 http://www.naturenw.org Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries - Oregon Geologic Digital Compilation i RULES FOR LITHOLOGY MERGE INFORMATION ENTRY The lithology merge unit contains 5 parts, separated by periods: Major characteristic.Lithology.Layering.Crystals/Grains.Engineering Lithology Merge Unit label (Lith_Mrg_U field in GIS polygon file): major_characteristic.LITHOLOGY.Layering.Crystals/Grains.Engineering major characteristic - lower case, places the unit into a general category .LITHOLOGY - in upper case, generally the compositional/common chemical lithologic name(s) -
A Systematic Nomenclature for Metamorphic Rocks
A systematic nomenclature for metamorphic rocks: 1. HOW TO NAME A METAMORPHIC ROCK Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: Web version 1/4/04. Rolf Schmid1, Douglas Fettes2, Ben Harte3, Eleutheria Davis4, Jacqueline Desmons5, Hans- Joachim Meyer-Marsilius† and Jaakko Siivola6 1 Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, ETH-Centre, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland, [email protected] 2 British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, [email protected] 3 Grant Institute of Geology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, [email protected] 4 Patission 339A, 11144 Athens, Greece 5 3, rue de Houdemont 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, [email protected] 6 Tasakalliontie 12c, 02760 Espoo, Finland ABSTRACT The usage of some common terms in metamorphic petrology has developed differently in different countries and a range of specialised rock names have been applied locally. The Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks (SCMR) aims to provide systematic schemes for terminology and rock definitions that are widely acceptable and suitable for international use. This first paper explains the basic classification scheme for common metamorphic rocks proposed by the SCMR, and lays out the general principles which were used by the SCMR when defining terms for metamorphic rocks, their features, conditions of formation and processes. Subsequent papers discuss and present more detailed terminology for particular metamorphic rock groups and processes. The SCMR recognises the very wide usage of some rock names (for example, amphibolite, marble, hornfels) and the existence of many name sets related to specific types of metamorphism (for example, high P/T rocks, migmatites, impactites). -
LAKE ELLEN KIMBERLITE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A. by E
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LAKE ELLEN KIMBERLITE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A. by E. S. McGee and B. C. Hearn, Jr. U. S. Geological Survey OPEN-FILE REPORT 83-156 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.G.S. 1983 CONTENTS Page -- . -. I.*. _. .»._._-.,_, ._... ._. .l->l-)>l-) ±1 J»Tn-f- I I W IpnHii w\JU Wri~ w iI VInn I _______ ________ ............ _, _. X1 Megacryst-xenocryst suite -- 2 iT 1I flfWilmon iI *t"w tPC *J _-_- _, _-_- _. _- -.__..____ _. ^*5 "i\ i V/Pnmnnc v/ 1 1 1 W v/ -> i1~AI wC LI Vll Iv III'-* I U^ I Wl I ^ Garnet pyroxenite 6 Spinel pyroxenite-peridotite 7 Temperature and pressure considerations 7 V/v/llwlulOlv/lloJPnnp lucinnc ____ ^ ^ ^ _._, _> -._ Q^ fl^lXAP!^ nIIV/V*I^VdMIl|vllwO nu/1 pHnmPnl" Q _-.___ __-.____ _ _ ___.._ __ __ «. __ « mm mm mm m _> .__ __ . i... __ . __ . v Qj References 10 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Location map for the Lake Ellen kimberlite 12 2. Magnetic map of the Lake Ellen kimberlite, showing outcrops UI|VJWIv/<_>W^wli*Wlv»OP nrl npncnppl" n*it"c _. _- .- « « _ Aw1 ^ 3. Fe203-MgTi03-FeTi03 composition of ilmenites A. Megacrysts and xenocrysts, Lake Ellen kimberlite 14 B. -
Rock and Mineral Identification for Engineers
Rock and Mineral Identification for Engineers November 1991 r~ u.s. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration acid bottle 8 granite ~~_k_nife _) v / muscovite 8 magnify~in_g . lens~ 0 09<2) Some common rocks, minerals, and identification aids (see text). Rock And Mineral Identification for Engineers TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................ 1 Minerals ...................................................................................... 2 Rocks ........................................................................................... 6 Mineral Identification Procedure ............................................ 8 Rock Identification Procedure ............................................... 22 Engineering Properties of Rock Types ................................. 42 Summary ................................................................................... 49 Appendix: References ............................................................. 50 FIGURES 1. Moh's Hardness Scale ......................................................... 10 2. The Mineral Chert ............................................................... 16 3. The Mineral Quartz ............................................................. 16 4. The Mineral Plagioclase ...................................................... 17 5. The Minerals Orthoclase ..................................................... 17 6. The Mineral Hornblende ................................................... -
Mafic-Ultramafic Igneous Rocks and Associated Carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado
Mafic-Ultramafic Igneous Rocks And Associated Carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 649 MAFIG-ULTRAMAFIC IGNEOUS ROCKS AND ASSOCIATED CARBONATITES OF THE GEM PARK COMPLEX, CUSTER AND FREMONT COUNTIES, COLORADO S a wa tc h C r i s t o Range S a n g r e d a Range rh p I e x * '*w 5 tp" *,. ' j^.*f\ A- j*s'j»- ' ^«K*£ DEMOB R^TjC MQ^NTAIN. \3 1 /T* :S>- * >." " '"' _J^ ^: '-V*^ Bdj^|*°C,j^B^*' * X* -H'c;"",.,,,,'*^ ,,' -aCr* Gem Park, Colo. View northwestward from Democratic Mounta GEM MOUNTAIN Sawatch Range ark -Cbtrfplex -« "*» +** 4ifa. ving pyroxenite and gabbro of the Gem Park Complex. Mafic-Ultramafic Igneous Rocks And Associated Carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado By RAYMOND L. PARKER and WILLIAM N. SHARP GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 649 The Gem Park Complex its geology and mineralogy, and its niobium distribution UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HIGKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 79-608291 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, B.C. 20402 (Paper cover) CONTENTS Pag-e Abstract __ _-_---__---__-_--..---__-_____-_______-____ Gem Park Complex Continued Introduction __________________________________________ 1 Carbonatite dikes_--______---------_--__-__-___-__- 7 General geology-______________________________________ 1 Attitude, orientation, and distribution of dikes.___ 7 Precambrian rocks.________________________________ 3 Composition of dikes.-______..______..__-_____-__ P Cambrian rocks.__________________________________ 3 Carbonatite in rocks that enclose the complex.