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Forensic Palynology: Why Do It and How It Works
Forensic Science International 163 (2006) 163–172 www.elsevier.com/locate/forsciint Editorial Forensic palynology: Why do it and how it works Abstract Forensic palynology has been a law enforcement tool for over 50 years. Forensic palynology is the application of pollen and spores in solving legal issues, either civil or criminal. Pollen and spores can be obtained from an extremely wide range of items, including bodies. Pollen and spores provide clues as to the source of the items and the characteristics of the environments from which the material on them is sourced. Their usefulness lies in a combination of their abundance, dispersal mechanisms, resistance to mechanical and chemical destruction, microscopic size, and morphology. Their often complex morphology allows identification to an individual parent plant taxon that can be related to a specific ecological habitat or a specific scene. Pollen and spore assemblages characterise different environments and scenes and can easily be picked up and transported away from scenes of interest without providing any visual clue to a suspect as to what has occurred. With so many publications and high-profile cases involving forensic palynology and environmental analysis now receiving publicity, the future of this branch of forensic science is assured. Furthermore, with the development of multi-disciplinary approaches to environmental analyses of crime scenes, far more detailed information is now available to law enforcement agencies, enabling them to determine with greater accuracy what may have happened during the commission of criminal activities. # 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Forensic science; Forensic palynology; Pollen; Spores; Environmental analysis; Trace evidence 1. -
About the AAFS
American Academy of Forensic Sciences 410 North 21st Street Colorado Springs, Colorado 80904 Phone: (719) 636-1100 Email: [email protected] Website: www.aafs.org @ AAFS Publication 20-2 Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Forensic Sciences Printed in the United States of America Publication Printers, Inc., Denver, CO Typography by Kathy Howard Cover Art by My Creative Condition, Colorado Springs, CO WELCOME LETTER Dear Attendees, It is my high honor and distinct privilege to welcome you to the 72nd AAFS Annual Scientific Meeting in Anaheim, California. I would like to thank the AAFS staff, the many volunteers, and everyone else who have worked together to create an excellent program for this meeting with the theme Crossing Borders. You will have many opportunities to meet your colleagues and discuss new challenges in the field. There are many workshops and special sessions that will be presented. The Interdisciplinary and Plenary Sessions will provide different views in forensic science—past, present, and future. The Young Forensic Scientists Forum will celebrate its 25th Anniversary and is conducting a workshop related to the meeting theme. More than 1,000 presentations are scheduled that will provide you with more insight into the developments in forensic science. The exhibit hall, always interesting to explore, is where you will see the latest forensic science equipment, technology, and literature. The theme Crossing Borders was chosen by me and my colleagues at the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI). We see many definitions of crossing borders in forensic science today. For the 2020 meeting, six words starting with the letters “IN” are included in the theme. -
Optimization of the Pollen Extraction Processfor Improvement of Identification
OPTIMIZATION OF THE POLLEN EXTRACTION PROCESSFOR IMPROVEMENT OF IDENTIFICATION Anja Zlatanović Ana Branković, PhD1 University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia Abstract: Forensic palynology uses microscopic evidence that is resistant to external influences and displacement from the scene. Most suspects may overlook pollen as evidence because they do not know its importance. Pollen provides a myriad of opportunities in forensics: determining the time of year, locality, primary and secondary event venue, connecting participants in a single criminal event, etc. Pollen analysis consists of determining the species and estimating the percentage that each plant species represents in the evidence sample. All methods require preliminary preparation (pollen extraction). A couple of methods for pollen extraction are used, but they are usually either suitable for large samples or require expensive equipment. We tried to optimize some of the existing methods to improve yield. Best results have been achieved using water incubated samples combined with modified acetolysis. Further development and implementation of forensic palynology depend on the simplified procedure and involvement of forensic botanists. Keywords: forensic palynology, identification, extraction optimization, microscopy INTRODUCTION It has been established that trace evidence can be very important in forensic investigations and pollen evidence in particular since it can provide valuable temporal information. Most of the time, the cases where pollen evidence was used represent cases of identification of a crime scene based on the pol- len assemblages present on a suspect or victim or refuting an alibi. Palynology, which is the study of pollen and spores in an archaeological or geological context, has become a well-established research tool leading to many significant scientific developments. -
CHAPTER (24): Allied Forensic Specialties CHAPTER (23):PRINCIPLES of FORENSIC SCIENCE Locard’S Exchange Principle: ‘Every Contact Leaves a Trace
• CHAPTER (23):PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC SCIENCE Lecture 4: • CHAPTER (24): Allied Forensic Specialties CHAPTER (23):PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC SCIENCE Locard’s exchange principle: ‘every contact leaves a trace. Scene examination : (Aim : to secure, identify and preserve evidence ) - A crime scene is a zone is cordoned off, within which all people accessing or leaving are entered into (and have to sign) a ‘scene log’. - Crime Scene Manager (CSM) is in overall charge of the scene and controls the personnel that assist in the examination . - Scene of Crime Officers (SOCOs) is in charge of evidence gathering - Police Search Advisory (POLSA) staff in charge of ‘fingertips’. If there are human remains at crime scenes, examinations are focused on the - immediate area around the remains so that they can Be removed for a post- mortem examination (why?) à remains are prone to rapid changes, especially during the first few weeks of decomposition. Packaging differ based on the evidence: Evidence recovery : Paper sacks For clothing because, if item is slightly damp, this allows moisture to pass through. 1- Evidence assigned an Plastic bags Used for items such as cigarette ends. exhibit number. 2- Photographed before removed Plastic tubes Used for sharp items such as knives or screwdrivers . 3- Packaged. / known as weapons tubes Cardboard With plastic ties to secure the item in place. boxes Chain of custody: • Once an exhibit has been created, each time it is transferred from one place to another, the details need to be recorded. • Continuity forms, tells that the exhibit has been passed from one person to another. • Once examinations of an exhibit have been concluded, it is retained for a period of time before it is destroyed or, on occasion, returned. -
Forensic Palynology
fact sheet Forensic palynology Pollen grains and investigative science The remarkable properties of the outer wall (exine) of pollen grains make pollen a useful tool for scientists, across a range of disciplines. The exine’s resistance to environmental damage means pollen grains that are thousands of years old can still retain their original wall texture and pattern, whilst the uniqueness of each pollen type allows for scientific identification. Pollen grains are well represented in fossil records, particularly those from plants that produce large amounts of pollen and rely on wind for pollination. What is forensic Over time, large quantities of pollen build up in layers of sediment. Palynologists sample these palynology? sediment layers and identify pollen grains, creating Forensic palynologists use pollen a pollen profile. Analysis of pollen profiles has wide grains to assist in solving crimes. ranging applications. By examining pollen collected from a crime scene, or suspect, Taxonomists use pollen profiles to investigate it is possible to be specific about botanical evolutionary pathways, and archaeologists where a person or object has use them to understand the diet and agricultural been. Palynologists have extensive conditions of past civilisations. The most widespread knowledge about pollen dispersal uses are in geography and mining. Geologists and plant productivity patterns, use pollen analysis to date rocks for petroleum which helps to establish the exploration, and geographers use it to model climate origins of a particular pollen type, patterns. Forensic science is a more recent application and make inferences about where of pollen analysis. a suspect, victim or object has been. References Denbow, J. -
Potential for Forensic Science
Palynology ISSN: 0191-6122 (Print) 1558-9188 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tpal20 Palynological analysis of soil in Portugal: potential for forensic science Carina I. C. Reis, Maria João Coimbra-Dores, Maria Teresa Rebelo & Mafalda S. Faria To cite this article: Carina I. C. Reis, Maria João Coimbra-Dores, Maria Teresa Rebelo & Mafalda S. Faria (2019) Palynological analysis of soil in Portugal: potential for forensic science, Palynology, 43:4, 585-595, DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2018.1503199 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2018.1503199 Published online: 27 Nov 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 94 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tpal20 PALYNOLOGY 2019, VOL. 43, NO. 4, 585–595 https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2018.1503199 Palynological analysis of soil in Portugal: potential for forensic science Carina I. C. Reisa , Maria Jo~ao Coimbra-Doresa , Maria Teresa Rebeloa and Mafalda S. Fariab aCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal; bNational Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science, Lisbon, Portugal and Institute of Health Sciences Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Forensic palynology is a discipline used in criminal cases, the importance of which has been increasing Forensic palynology; within the forensic sciences worldwide over the past three decades. Palynological analysis of surface palynomorphs; forensic soil samples collected from crime scenes, items and individuals has already been proven to provide evidence; crime scene; soil samples important evidence linking suspects, victims and items to specific locations. -
Forensic Botany: Current State of Knowledge and Possible Applications in Investigative Practice
FORENSIC PRACTICE dr Daria Bajerlein (corresponding author) Assistant professor at the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań [email protected] prof. dr hab. Maria Wojterska Head of the Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań dr Łukasz Grewling Assistant professor at the Laboratory of Aeropalynology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań dr hab. Mikołaj Kokociński Assistant professor at the Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Forensic botany: current state of knowledge and possible applications in investigative practice Summary Forensic botany is a science that studies biological traces of plant origin with regard to their practical usefulness as evidence used in judicial proceedings. Among the disciplines of forensic botany, the following have the widest application: palynology, plant anatomy, diatomology, plant ecology and plant molecular biology. It has been shown that the knowledge of plants can be used to determine the connections between the alleged perpetrator, victim and crime scene. In practice, the methods of forensic botany have been used to identify locations where the hostages were held or the sites of concealment of a corpse, distinguish between the place of the incident and that where the victim was abandoned, identify the perpetrator, the cause and time of death, unravel drug distribution networks, clarify the circumstances of plant and animal smuggling as well as war crimes. Despite the fact that the suitability of forensic botany for determining the circumstances of criminal events has been repeatedly confirmed, this science remains largely underestimated and scarcely used. -
St Mary's Parish Concord Acknowledgement of Country
[Title] PASSION (PALM) SUNDAY is next Sunday 28 March. It is the custom to bless palm or olive branches at all Masses. Please note that the people who have supplied palm branches to many parishes in the past are no longer able to do so. Please bring your own palm or olive branch with you to Mass. If you have a palm tree you may be able to bring extra branches to share with others. The solemn blessing will take place in the Church at the beginning of the 9.30 am Mass. It is not possible to hold the blessing and procession in the Forecourt due to the need to maintain appropriate social distance. LIVE STREAMING MASS: The 9.30 am Sunday Mass each week is now being live streamed to the parish YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLOawxfUmJ St Mary’s Parish Concord 6XjHJZcqsR2_A It is also possible to view the Mass on the parish 5th Sunday of Lent Facebook page: St Mary’s Parish Church Concord. While Year B we encourage all who can to join us on Sundays, we know that some older and frail parishioners are not able 21 March 2021 to come to the church. LITURGY OF THE WORD CHURCH ATTENDANCE UPDATE FIRST READING: Jeremiah :31-31-34 All are welcome to join us at our Sunday and I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel weekday Masses. No bookings are required. and remember their sins no more. The QR Code for churches is now compulsory. To use the QR Code you first need to download the Services RESPONSORIAL PSALM: Ps: 51 NSW App to your phone. -
CRIME SCENE to the CRIME LAB Fourth Edition SCIENCE
FORENSICFrom the CRIME SCENE to the CRIME LAB Fourth Edition SCIENCE RICHARD SAFERSTEIN, Ph.D. Forensic Science Consultant, Mt. Laurel, New Jersey 330 Hudson Street, NY NY 10013 A01_SAFE3722_04_SE_FM.indd 1 12/2/17 5:35 AM Vice President, Portfolio Management: Andrew Gilfillan Creative Digital Lead: Mary Siener Portfolio Manager: Gary Bauer Managing Producer, Digital Studio: Autumn Benson Editorial Assistant: Lynda Cramer Content Producer, Digital Studio: Maura Barclay Senior Vice President, Marketing: David Gesell Full-Service Management and Composition: Field Marketing Manager: Bob Nisbett Integra Software Services, Ltd. Product Marketing Manager: Heather Taylor Full-Service Project Manager: Ranjith Rajaram Senior Marketing Coordinator: Les Roberts Cover Design: Studio Montage Director, Digital Studio and Content Production: Brian Hyland Cover Image: MedicalRF.com/Getty Image; zffoto/Shutterstock Managing Producer: Cynthia Zonneveld Printer/Binder: LSC Communications, Inc. Manager, Rights Management: Johanna Burke Cover Printer: Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Operations Specialist: Deidra Smith Text Font: Versailles LT Com 10/12 Acknowledgments of third-party content appear on the appropriate page within the text. Copyright © 2019, 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Saferstein, Richard, 1941- author. -
Forensic Palynology As Classroom Inquiry
Science Activities, 51:116–128, 2014 Copyright Ó Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0036-8121 print / 1940-1302 online DOI: 10.1080/00368121.2014.931270 Forensic Palynology as Classroom Inquiry Steven L. Babcock ABSTRACT This activity introduces the science of forensic palynology: the use and Sophie Warny of microscopic pollen and spores (also called palynomorphs) to solve criminal Louisiana State University, Baton cases. Plants produce large amounts of pollen or spores during reproductive Rouge, LA cycles. Because of their chemical resistance, small size, and morphology, pollen and spores can be used to link individuals or objects to specific locations where the parent plants grow. Students will use a digital pollen database and Google Earth to link pollen trace evidence to a specific crime scene. The methods 4 1 presented are based on those used in criminal cases and palynological 0 2 r techniques used by forensic scientists. Step-by-step instructions for a hands-on e b m investigation and a case simulation are presented. e t p e S forensics, palynology, pollen, spores KEYWORDS 2 1 8 3 : 1 1 t a ] 0 3 . 7 4 . INTRODUCTION 9 3 . 0 Forensic science in the classroom provides a high-interest setting for student 3 1 [ inquiry. Forensics has roots in many areas of the traditional high school curricu- y b lum, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, and Earth science. Forensic d e fi d scientists apply principles learned in these elds to explore legal issues. The goal a o l of any forensic investigation is to use scientific methodology to find links n w o between people, places, and things. -
Calendario Litúrgico Litúrgico - Pastoral Pastoral
Portada CLP 2020-2021 CONFERENCIA EPISCOPAL ESPAÑOLA Comisión Episcopal de Liturgia Calendario Contiene: -Calendario Litúrgico Litúrgico - Pastoral Pastoral. -Salmos responsoriales y sugerencias de cantos. 2020-2021 CONFERENCIA EPISCOPAL ESPAÑOLA Secretariado de la Comisión Episcopal de Liturgia Calendario Litúrgico - Pastoral 2020-2021 Ciclo «B» Año «impar» LI 0058-2020/2021 impresión.indd 1 26/11/20 9:05 Este Calendario Litúrgico-Pastoral ha sido elaborado por el Secretariado de la Comisión Episcopal de Liturgia de la Conferencia Episcopal Española de acuerdo con el Calendarium Romanum, las Normas Universales sobre el Año litúrgico y sobre el Calendario, y el Calendario Propio de España. © CONFERENCIA EPISCOPAL ESPAÑOLA No está permitida, sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del copyright, bajo las sanciones establecidas en las leyes, la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la repro- grafía y el tratamiento informático. Edita: LIBROS LITÚRGICOS - CONFERENCIA EPISCOPAL ESPAÑOLA C/ Añastro, 1 - 28033 - MADRID Teléfono: 91 343 96 62 - Fax: 91 343 96 65 Julio de 2020 ISBN: 978-84-17459-18-5 Depósito legal: M-11766-2020 Imprime: Unigraf S.L. (Estellaprint) 28938 Móstoles (Madrid) Impreso en España LI 0058-2020/2021 impresión.indd 2 26/11/20 9:05 PRESENTACIÓN Suyo es el tiempo y la eternidad. A él la gloria y el poder, por los siglos de los siglos. Las palabras que encabezan esta presentación, como es bien sabido, perte- necen a la celebración de la «Madre de todas las Vigilias», cuando el sacerdote graba el cirio pascual antes de encenderlo con el fuego nuevo. En efecto, en el corazón del año litúrgico, la Vigilia pascual, los cristianos reconocemos a Cristo como Cronocrátor que, victorioso, vive por los siglos y gobierna el tiempo y la eternidad. -
Bollettino-Ottobre-Dicembre-2018
San Nicola da Tolentino AGOSTINIANO 4 - 2018 Buon Natale Buon Anno Calendario 2019 all’interno BOLLETTINO SANTUARIO SAN NICOLA - TOLENTINO (MC) n. 4 - anno XC ottobre-dicembre 2018 Orario SS. Messe Feriale Festivo 8.30 8.30 10.30 12.00 3 Presentazione 18.30 18.30 4 Riflessione agostiniana Meditazione di Sant’Agostino La Comunità agostiniana nei giorni feriali sul Natale celebra alle ore 8.00 le Lodi 5 Calendario 2019 e alle ore 17.30 il Rosario e i Vespri 30 Cronaca della Basilica Per particolari funzioni telefonare al numero 0733.976311 31 Verso il Cielo con San Nicola Posta elettronica: In copertina: San Nicola da Tolentino riceve [email protected] benedizione e approvazione dal Bambino Gesù e [email protected] dalla Vergine Maria Sito internet: www.sannicoladatolentino.it SAN NICOLA DA TOLENTINO agostiniano Codice IBAN N. 4 - ottobre-dicembre 2018 - Anno XC IT43X0311169201000000000304 Sped. in A.B. - art. c. 20/c L. 662/96 - Fil. di Macerata Autorizz. Trib. MC n. 3 del 12.5.48 Direttore responsabile: P. Marziano Rondina osa Redattore: P. Giustino Casciano osa Foto: P. Gabriele Pedicino, la redazione Grafica, fotolito e stampa: Tipografia S. Giuseppe srl - Pollenza (MC) Associato all’USPI - Unione Stampa Periodici Italiana AVVISO: chi desiderasse pubblicare foto dei propri bambini o di persone care, viventi o defunte, da affidare alla PROTEZIONE DI SAN NICOLA può farlo inviando le immagini con i relativi dati a: Redazione Bollettino San Nicola, Convento San Nicola, 62029 Tolentino (MC) oppure via mail a: [email protected] arissimi devoti e abbonati del Bollettino di San Nicola da Tolentino, buon Natale a voi e ai vostri cari.