DOCSLIB.ORG

Presentation 4Q17 1 Disclaimer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Presentation 4Q17 1 Disclaimer Institutional Presentation 4Q17 1 Disclaimer The statements in this presentation constitute forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward- looking statements. These risks include changes in customer demand for the Company’s products, changes in raw material costs, seasonal fluctuations in customer orders, pricing actions by competitors, significant changes in the applicable rates of exchange of the Brazilian real against the US dollar, and general changes in the economic environment in Brazil, emerging markets or internationally. Agenda 1. Overview 2. Industry 3. Competitiveness 4. Strategy 5. Operating and Financial Highlights 3 1. Overview 4 Suzano With over 90 years of operations, the Company produces pulp, paper and tissue Market Cap¹ R$ 20.7 billion Total Forest Base 1.2 million ha 30% 70% Exports Market Pulp Capacity² 3.6 million tonnes Net 34% Domestic Paper Capacity 1.2 million tonnes Revenues 66% Pulp Adjusted EBITDA³ R$ 4,615 million R$ 10.5bn³ Paper Net Debt R$ 9,484 million Net Debt/EBITDA 2.1x Pulp Paper Consumer Goods Market Pulp Printing & Writing Tissue Eucafluff (Coated and Uncoated) Paperboard Data from 12/31/2017 ¹ SUZB3: R$18.69 | 2 Excluding Fluff | 3 Last twelve months ended on 12/31/2017 Production Capacity Suzano is the second largest eucalyptus pulp producer and the fifth largest market pulp producer in the world. Suzano has also a leading position in the Paperboard and Printing & Writing segments in Brazil. Consumer Adjacent Pulp Paper Goods Business Unit Capacity (‘000 ton) Market Printing & Integrated Fluff Paperboard Tissue Lignin Pulp Writing Imperatriz 60 1.590 - - - 60 - Mucuri 200 1.480 - 250 - 60 - Limeira 290 400 - 400 - - 20² Suzano 450 70 100¹ 350¹ 200 - - Rio Verde - - - 50 - - - Total 1.000 3.540 100¹ 1.050¹ 200 120 20 ¹ Flexibility to produce either Fluff or Printing and Writing paper | ² Lignin start up in 2018 Robust Asset Base Competitiveness Suzano’s forestry competitiveness allows its operation in different regions with adequate yields Forest Areas States of Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins and Piauí Total Area1: 730k ha Planted Area2: 258k ha 1 Average Structural Distance: 184 km States of Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais Total Area1: 279k ha 2 2 Planted Area : 196k ha Average Structural Distance: 74 km State of São Paulo Port 1 Distribution Center Total Area : 193k ha Planted Area2: 132k ha Commercial Office 4 3 Forest Assets 5 Average Structural Distance: 190 km 1,203k ha of total area Production Plants Commercial Presence 1 Imperatriz (State of Maranhão) 587k ha 15 states in Brazil: of planted area • 8 Regional Commercial Offices 2 Mucuri (State of Bahia) • 4 Regional Distribution Centers Rio Verde (State of São Paulo) • 16 Local Distribution Centers 3 Plus commercial offices in USA, China, UK, 4 Suzano (State of São Paulo) Switzerland and Argentina. Cerflor 5 Limeira (State of São Paulo) ¹ Consider own and leased area ² Consider own, leased and third-parties areas Corporate Governance Members of the Board are well-known in the Brazilian Corporate landscape and are supported by the committees on the decision making Board of Directors Nine members, five Sustainability Management and Strategy Audit Committee independent Committee Committee David Feffer President Dependent Claudio Thomaz Lobo Sonder Vice President Dependent Daniel Feffer Vice President Dependent Jorge Feffer Board Member Dependent Antonio de Souza Corrêa Meyer Board Member Independent Marco Antonio Bologna Board Member Independent Maria Priscilla Rodini Vanzetti Machado Board Member Independent Nildemar Secches Board Member Independent Rodrigo Kede de Freitas Lima Board Member Independent Novo Mercado Liquidity gains contribute even more to position Suzano as protagonist in the reshaping of the industry in the long term Equal political and Non-premium economic rights: migration reinforces 1 share = 1 vote the commitment of and 100% tag along controlling shareholders to the capital market and other stakeholders Creates conditions to continue improving and innovating Liquidity gains contribute even more to Materialization of position Suzano as protagonist in the the commitment to reshaping of the cultivate the highest industry in the long term governance standards Note: Novo Mercado is the highest corporate governance segment of the Brazilian Stock Exchange (B3). Shareholder Structure and Stock Performance As of November, the Company's shares became part of the BNDES Mondrian Other Novo Mercado, the highest level of corporate governance 7% 7% 29% of Brazilian Stock Exchange (B3) Controlling Daily Trade Numbers Daily Financial Volume Treasury Free Float Shareholders 1% 43% SUZB3 SUZB3 (R$ million) 56% 65% Foreign / 35% National 12,034 62 71 11,441 9,840 50 4Q16 3Q17 4Q17 4Q16 3Q17 4Q17 Stock Performance- SUZB3 Base 100: (Dec/16 – Dec/17) SUZB3 +32% Ibovespa + 27% IBrX-50 +27% Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Source: Bloomberg 2. Industry 11 Pulp Industry Paper Consumption by Region Pulp Market is driven by paper consumption (%) Asia Europe 46% 22% Fiber Consumption (million tonnes) Latin America Total Fiber North Other 7% Consumption1 America 6% 427 18% Virgin Fiber Recycled 182 245 Non-wood, Mechanical Pulp Market Pulp and Integrated Pulp 118 64 1 Excludes Dissolving Pulp and Fluff Source: Poyry (2017), Hawkins Wright (Dec/2017) and internal analysis 12 Paper Demand Demand for pulp driven by tissue and paperboard consumption Estimated paper demand: 4 490MM/ton in Tissue 3 2030 Containerboard Paperboard 2 1 Packaging Uncoated Uncoated Other Mechanical Woodfree 0 (%p.a.) -1 Coated Woodfree Average -2 growth of Coated -3 Mechanical 1.3% p.a. Newsprint Estimated demand growth until 2030until growth demand Estimated 20 40 60 80 100 Share on total fiber consumption in 2016 (%) Source: Poyry (2017) 3. Competitiveness 14 Source: Hawkins (Dec/17) Source: Hawkins Wright of FX R$3.28/US$ 800 400 (US$/ CashCostCIF/Europe Pulp 0 lower costs lower ensures productivity higher and Brazil in forest eucalyptus the of cycle year Seven tonne ) Brazil Competitiveness Hardwood Indonesia Chile/Uruguay East Europe Iberia Finland Other AsiaSweden Bel/FranceCanada China US Japan Chile East Europe Sweden Other World Finland Other Europe Softwood US Coastal BC Int. West Canada Japan East Canada East Canada Pulp Competitiveness The competitiveness of the eucalyptus fiber leads to the growth compared to other fibers Fiber volume (million tonnes) CAGR CAGR BEKP: +6.5% p.a. | Other BHKP: -1.6% p.a. BEKP: +2.3% p.a. | Other BHKP: +2.2% p.a. 27 26 26 26 27 24 25 23 23 24 24 22 21 21 22 24 17 22 22 23 23 16 15 16 16 21 13 19 20 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 9 10 10 10 10 10 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017e 2018e 2019e 2020e BEKP¹ Other BHKP² BSKP³ Source: Hawkins Wright (Dec/17) 1 Bleached Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp | 2 Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulp | 3 Bleached Softwood Kraft Pulp Paper Competitiveness Suzano is an integrated paper producer, which leads to a higher Paper Market is contribution margin per ton less volatile Paper Margin Inputs and Variable Costs Leadership position in Integrated Pulp Paperboard Margin Leadership Segment position in Printing & Pulp Cost Writing Segment in Brazil Federal Taxes Competitiveness Suzano's assets leads to a fiscal situation which allows low cash disbursement for income and social contribution taxes Tax Benefits 75% of income tax reduction: • Maranhão unit until 2024 • Bahia unit: Line 1 until 2024 | Line 2 until 2018 Tax Credits Tax loss carry forward: R$2.3 billion Total of federal tax credits to be used: R$190 million Data accumulated up to 12/31/2017. 4. Strategy 19 Strategy to maximize the return on invested capital Structural Adjacent Reshaping of Competitiveness Business the Industry o Anticipated return o Investments in adjacent o Transformational changes in improvement as result of businesses such as the industry should lead to cost reduction initiatives FuturaGene (biotech), Fluff, higher returns coupled with disciplined Lignin and Tissue, leveraging o Suzano uniquely positioned investments to achieve on Company’s current to have an active role with optimal cost capabilities, to improve its vertically integrated o Investment in retrofitting margins by offering high- operation, stablished and debottlenecking should value added products commercial relationships reduce cash costs per ton by and consolidation capacity, 21% by 2022 among other opportunities Structural Competitiveness Structural Competitiveness Commercial Logistics Industry Forestry Average distance Price discipline Integrated Structural efficiency reduction and and expansion of logistics with through retrofitting standardization client base synergy gains and and insourcing (Suzano Mais) debottlenecking harvesting Cash Cost (R$/ton) Target 599 570 Maximize the return on 475 assets and cash generation 2017 2018¹ 2021-2022¹ Debottlenecking and Average Forest Distance Reduction ¹ 2016 nominal value Adjacent Business Adjacent Businesses Tissue Fluff Lignin FuturaGene o Integrated production o First company in the o Replacement of o First genetically world to produce fluff petroleum-based modified clone o Production of jumbo from hardwood chemicals approved by CTNBio rolls and final products o Flexibility to produce for commercial either fluff or printing purposes and writing paper o Potential to increase productivity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Understanding Matboard
    FRAMING FUNDAMENTALS by Jared Davis, MCPF, GCF Understanding Matboard Being the best frame shop in your area starts with the best products. atboard is a fundamental compo- Mnent of almost every framed pic- ture. However, understanding the vast range of information and choices avail- able in matboards can be daunting. In this article, I aim to provide some useful insights about matboard to help you to dispel some of the myths and decipher some of the facts about this vital aspect of our profession. The two primary purposes for matboard that the introduction of a matboard can in- Different grades of matboard are are to provide protection for the artwork and crease both the size and level of value in the designed for to enhance the framing design. sale of a frame. different appli- cations. Under- 1) Protect. The last consumer survey con- standing which choice to make is ducted by the Professional Picture Fram- How Matboard is Made important to both ers Association found that the num- Matboards are comprised of layers of pa- your customer and your business. ber-one reason why a consumer chose to per of various thickness, laminated together. custom frame an artwork was to protect The papers and core of a matboard are made the item. Preservation, clearly, is of prima- from either unpurified wood pulp, purified al- ry importance to your customer. pha-cellulose wood pulp, or in the case of mu- 2) Enhance. A matboard can help the view- seum-grade board, cotton linter pulp. er to focus correctly on the image.
    [Show full text]
  • Basics of Kraft Pulping
    Lignin Wood is composed of many chemical components, primarily extractives, carbohydrates, and lignin, which are distributed nonuniformly as the result of anatomical structure. Lignin is derived from the Latin term lignum, which means wood.1 Anselme Payen (1838) was the first to recognize the composite nature of wood and referred to a carbon- rich substance as the “encrusting material” which embedded cellulose in the wood. Schulze (1865) later defined this encrusting material as lignin. Lignin has been described as a random, three-dimensional network polymer comprised of variously linked phenylpropane units.2 Lignin is the second most abundant biological material on the planet, exceeded only by cellulose and hemicellulose, and comprises 15-25% of the dry weight of woody plants. This macromolecule plays a vital role in providing mechanical support to bind plant fibers together. Lignin also decreases the permeation of water through the cell walls of the xylem, thereby playing an intricate role in the transport of water and nutrients. Finally, lignin plays an important function in a plant’s natural defense against degradation by impeding penetration of destructive enzymes through the cell wall. Although lignin is necessary to trees, it is undesirable in most chemical papermaking fibers and is removed by pulping and bleaching processes. 1.1.1 Biosynthesis Plant lignins can be broadly divided into three classes: softwood (gymnosperm), hardwood (angiosperm) and grass or annual plant (graminaceous) lignin.3 Three different phenylpropane units, or monolignols, are responsible for lignin biosynthesis.4 Guaiacyl lignin is composed principally of coniferyl alcohol units, while guaiacyl-syringyl lignin contains monomeric units from coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol.
    [Show full text]
  • 4-10 Matting and Framing.Pdf
    PRESERVATION LEAFLET CONSERVATION PROCEDURES 4.10 Matting and Framing for Works on Paper and Photographs NEDCC Staff NEDCC Andover, MA The importance of proper matting, mounting and framing Do not use any type of foam board such as Fom-cor®, is often overlooked as a key part of collections care and “archival” paper faced foam boards, Gator board, preventative conservation. Poor quality materials and expanded PVC boards such as Sintra® or Komatex®, any improper framing techniques are a common source of lignin containing paper-based mat boards, kraft (brown) damage to artwork and cultural heritage materials that paper, non-archival or self-adhesive tapes (i.e. document are in otherwise good condition. Staying informed about repair tapes), or ATG (adhesive transfer gum), all of which proper framing practices and choosing conservation-grade are used in the majority of frame shops. mounting, matting and framing can prevent many problems that in the future will be much more difficult to MATTING solve or even completely irreversible. As Benjamin Franklin said, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of The window mat is the standard mount for works on cure.” paper. The ideal window mat will be aesthetically pleasing while safely protecting the piece from exterior damage. Mats are an excellent storage method for works on paper CHOICE OF A FRAMER and can minimize the damage caused from handling in When choosing a framer it is important to find someone collections that are used for exhibition and study. Some well-informed about best conservation framing practices institutions simplify their framing and storage operations and experienced in implementing them.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Wood Biomass-Based Fatty Acidsand Rosin Acids Use In
    polymers Review A Review of Wood Biomass-Based Fatty Acids and Rosin Acids Use in Polymeric Materials Laima Vevere *, Anda Fridrihsone , Mikelis Kirpluks and Ugis Cabulis Polymer Department, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (U.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +371-28869638 Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 14 November 2020; Published: 16 November 2020 Abstract: In recent decades, vegetable oils as a potential replacement for petrochemical materials have been extensively studied. Tall oil (crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, and rosin acids) is a good source to be turned into polymeric materials. Unlike vegetable oils, tall oil is considered as lignocellulosic plant biomass waste and is considered to be the second-generation raw material, thus it is not competing with the food and feed chain. The main purpose of this review article is to identify in what kind of polymeric materials wood biomass-based fatty acids and rosin acids have been applied and their impact on the properties. Keywords: crude tall oil; tall oil; fatty acids; rosin acids; polymer materials 1. Introduction The success of plastics as a commodity has been significant and polymer materials are a part of everyday life. The advantages of polymers over other materials can be attributed to their adjustable properties, low cost and ease of processing. Worldwide, the manufacturing of polymers grows every year, reaching almost 360 million tonnes in 2018 [1]. In the light of environmental challenges of the 21st century, the development of novel low-cost and scalable monomers from renewable resources is essential.
    [Show full text]
  • Tall Oil Production and Processing
    TALL OIL PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING Tall oil is a mixture of mainly acidic compounds found, like turpentine, in pine trees and obtained as a by-product of the pulp and paper industry. It is used as a resin in many different industries, including mining, paper manufacture, paint manufacture and synthetic rubber manufacture. It is extracted at the pulp and paper mill, and undergoes the first two processing steps there. Step 1 - Extraction of tall oil soap The "black liquor" from the paper making process is concentrated and left to settle. The top layer is known as "tall oil soap", and is skimmed off. The rest is recycled for further use in paper making. Step2 - Production of crude tall oil The tall oil soap is reacted with acid to form crude tall oil. The following reaction occurs: + + R—COONa + H3O → R—COOH + H2O + Na The acids formed from this reaction, along with small quantities of other compounds of similar volatility, make up the crude tall oil. All crude tall oil produced in New Zealand is then sent to a plant in Mt. Maunganui to complete processing. Step 3 - Crude tall oil distillation The oil is distilled into five components with different boiling points: heads (which boils first), then fatty acids, distilled tall oil (a mixture of fatty and resin acids), resin acids (collectively known as rosin) and pitch (the residue). All of these can be used in various industries as is, but some of the rosin is also further processed on site. Step 4 - Production of rosin paper size "Paper size" is the substance that stops all paper from behaving like blotting paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paperboard Product
    The paperboard product The paperboard product Since the mid-19th century the primary source of cellu- exceeds the amount of timber that is harvested. lose fibre has been wood. The fibre is separated by either This careful forest management ensures that even in the chemical or mechanical means from naturally occurring future the forests will form part of the sustainable cycle of species. In the case of Iggesund these species are mainly nature and be a permanent source of raw materials. spruce, pine and birch from managed forests in Scandina- The fibres in a tree trunk run parallel to its length. The via and elsewhere in Europe. Such forests are maintained fibre length varies according to the tree species. The rela- and expanded by the industries that rely on good access tionship is indicated by the table below. to timber. As a result of these efforts the stock of growing trees is increasing every year. In many areas growth now 4QSVDFæCSFrMPOHBOEçBU #JSDIæCSFrTIPSUBOEDZMJOESJDBM 1JOFæCSFrMPOHBOEçBU .JYFEæCSFTPGTQSVDF QJOFBOECJSDI Species Fibre length mm Fibre width μm Shape Spruce 3.1 – 3.5 19 – 50 Ribbon flat Pine 2.0 – 3.0 22 – 50 Ribbon flat Birch 0.9 – 1.2 20 – 35 Cylindrical with pointed ends IGGESUND PAPERBOARD | Reference Manual 17 The paperboard product Cellulose and the laws of nature Carbon dioxide and water are converted into simple glucose-based sugars by the action of sunlight on the OXYGEN (O2) CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) green chlorophyll-containing cells of the plant kingdom. SUNLIGHT This process is known as photosynthesis and is accompa- nied by the emission of oxygen.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Preserve Acidic Wood Pulp Paper
    ConserveO Gram --------------------- June 2001 Number 19/24 How To Preserve Acidic Wood Pulp Paper Background Types of Wood Pulp Paper Early American papermakers used cotton and • Groundwood Pulp Paper. Also known as linen rags with relatively few additives to produce mechanical wood pulp, it was first developed small quantities of strong and durable papers. in the early 1800s and is used today for Animal glue and gelatin sizing or coatings were newsprint and pulp novels. Wood is added to help these long-fibered papers accept ink mechanically ground to produce fibers for without bleeding. paper pulp. Grinding creates very short paper fibers, which are also highly acidic due to the This early American hand-made paper has long retention of the wood’s lignin. cellulose fibers and little grain, making it unusually strong. The sheet may have a feathered Lignin is a naturally occurring substance in or deckled edge and/or a watermark. wood that darkens and breaks down into acidic byproducts as it ages. Ground wood pulp Increased demand for paper led to the paper is born acidic and rapidly becomes development of more efficient manufacturing brittle. Therefore ground wood pulp paper has processes. In 1806 a new sizing process was a relatively short life expectancy. developed using alum to precipitate rosin on the paper fibers. Alum is acidic and removes calcium • Chemical Wood Pulp Paper. Also called carbonate left from the washing process. The soda, sulfite, sulfate or Kraft paper (depending result was decreased permanence of the paper. upon how it is processed), chemical wood The use of mechanical papermaking equipment pulp paper was first developed in the mid- during the Industrial Revolution led to less durable 1800s.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugarcane Bagasse Lignin Obtained by Different Extraction Methods
    SUGARCANE BAGASSE LIGNIN OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS JANAÍNA ALVES CARVALHO,* MAYARA DE SOUZA MIRANDA,* MATHEUS FELIPE FREIRE PEGO,** ELTON FRANCISQUINI,* DIEIMES RIBEIRO RESENDE** and MARIA LUCIA BIANCHI* *Department of Chemistry (DQI), Universidade Federal de Lavras, Zipcode 37200-900, 3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil **Department of Forest Sciences (DCF), Universidade Federal de Lavras, Zipcode 37200-900, 3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil ✉Corresponding author: M. de Souza Miranda, [email protected] Received June 30, 2020 Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is a by-product of ethanol production obtained in large quantities worldwide, including Brazil. Lignin is one of SB components, and its extraction is of great interest due to its vast potential for use. In this study, sugarcane bagasse was subjected to two methods of lignin extraction to obtain: Klason lignin (LKL) and milled wood lignin (MWL). The syringil/guaiacyl ratio of the lignin obtained from sugarcane bagasse was 1.67. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that LKL is more resistant to thermal degradation than MWL. According to the FTIR spectra, LKL yields a more oxidized lignin, presenting greater changes in its structure than MWL. Thus, this study provides information on the changes caused by different extractions and strengthens future studies on the transformation of lignin into products of high added value. Keywords: Klason, milled wood lignin, biomass INTRODUCTION Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world and the first to produce sugar and ethanol from this raw material. The high production generates sugarcane bagasse (SB) as by-product, which presents great potential for use.1-3 The most common uses of SB include fuel and fertilizers.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Lignin Applications
    Lignin Applications Brief Overview Lignin Applications: Concrete Low lllevels of lignin and modfdifie d lignin can yield • High performance concrete strength aid • Concrete grinding aid • Reduce damage of building external wall caused by moisture and acid rain • Set retarder for a cement composition • Sulfonated lignin contributes higher adsorption properties and zeta potential to cement particles, and hence shows better dispersion effect to the cement matrix. • Select lignins can improve the compressive strength of cement pastes Lignin Applications: Antioxidant • Liiignin acts as free radica l scavengers •Lignin provides thermal protection to: • Styrene /butadiene/rubber polymer • RbbRubber • Polypropylene • polycaprolactam • Lignin’s natural antioxidant properties provides use in cosmetic and topical formulations. • Lignin sulfonate‐containing cosmetic compositions have been developed for decorative use on skin Lignin Applications: Asphalt • CkCrack filling composiiition iliinvolving quaternary ammonium salt, aliphatic amine, lignin amine, imidazoline, and amide. • Water stability of an asphalt mixture can be improved by adding 03%0.3% lign in fibers • Asphalt‐emulsifying agent containing SW Na lignin salt with an av. mol. wt. of 200‐100,000 (Na lignosulfonate or Na lignophosphate, and the lignin is that broad‐leaf pine or needle‐leaf pine) has the proper HLB value, slow demulsification speed, proper frothing ability, and strong foam stability. • Lignin amine additive has been shown to provide a warm mix additive that can modify the combination state of asphalt and stone material surface; modifying the fluidity; and decrease production cost of the asphalt mixtures Lignin Applications: Carbon Fiber and Related • Native lignin or industrial lignin can be used for carbon fibers • Carbon nanotubes have been made from lignin/lignosulfonates.
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin-Based Nanoparticles: a Review on Their Preparations and Applications
    polymers Review Lignin-Based Nanoparticles: A Review on Their Preparations and Applications Qianqian Tang 1, Yong Qian 2, Dongjie Yang 2, Xueqing Qiu 3, Yanlin Qin 3,* and Mingsong Zhou 2,* 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; [email protected] 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (Y.Q.); [email protected] (D.Y.) 3 School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.Q.); [email protected] (M.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-4722 (M.Z.) Received: 29 September 2020; Accepted: 20 October 2020; Published: 25 October 2020 Abstract: Lignin is the most abundant by-product from the pulp and paper industry as well as the second most abundant natural renewable biopolymer after cellulose on earth. In recent years, transforming unordered and complicated lignin into ordered and uniform nanoparticles has attracted wide attention due to their excellent properties such as controlled structures and sizes, better miscibility with polymers, and improved antioxidant activity. In this review, we first introduce five important technical lignin from different sources and then provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of preparation techniques which are involved in the fabrication of various lignin-based nanoparticles and their industrial applications in different fields such as drug delivery carriers, UV absorbents, hybrid nanocomposites, antioxidant agents, antibacterial agents, adsorbents for heavy metal ions and dyes, and anticorrosion nanofillers.
    [Show full text]
  • Handmade Paper: a Review of Its History, Craft, and Science
    REVIEW ARTICLE bioresources.com HANDMADE PAPER: A REVIEW OF ITS HISTORY, CRAFT, AND SCIENCE Martin A. Hubbe a* and Cindy Bowden b For over 2000 years the manual craft of papermaking has been practiced all over the world utilizing a variety of techniques. This review describes the evolution of hand papermaking and its cultural significance. Paper’s evolution has been shaped by the structure and chemical composition of the fibers. Almost every aspect of modern papermaking technology has been foreshadowed by traditional practices. Such practices were passed down for many generations within families of papermakers. The main sources of cellulosic fiber evolved as the ancient craft migrated from its birthplace in China to Korea and Japan, the Islamic world, and then to Europe and America. Though most paper made today comes from automated, continuous production systems, handmade paper has enjoyed a resurgence, both as a traditional craft and as an art-form. In addition, traditional papermaking methods can provide insights to help in modern applications involving cellulosic fibers. Keywords: Handmade paper; History; Handcraft; Science; Cellulosic fibers Contact information: a: Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Campus Box 8005; Raleigh, NC 27695-8005 USA; b: Robert C. Williams American Museum of Papermaking, Inst. of Paper Science and Technology, Mail Code 0620, Georgia Tech., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620; *Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Whenever people engage their hands and minds to make paper, there is a continuing opportunity for evolution of the craft. Each maker adopts or selectively omits parts of the methods that have been passed down to them, sometimes inventing new techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential of Lignin Research
    THE POTENTIAL OF LIGNIN RESEARCH N. P. Kutscha and J. R. Gray TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41 MARCH 1970 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A I N E ORONO. MAINE THE POTENTIAL OF LIGNIN RESEARCH N. P. KUTSCHA^ND J. R. GRAY2 INTRODUCTION Lignin ranks second only to cellulose as the most abundant natural product on earth. As such, it constitutes one of the largest natural re­ sources available to man. To date its use as a chemical raw material has been limited and where it can be found in substantial quantities as an isolated product of the pulp and paper industry, it has largely been dis­ carded. Lignin is a complex three-dimensional aromatic polymer formed solely in the walls of living plants of the Spermatophytes, the Pterido- phytes and some mosses (Roelofsen, 1956). It occurs most commonly in woody plants such as trees and shrubs but can also be found in such common plants as corn, sugar cane, bamboo and ferns. It also produces an undesirable "woody" taste in various food crops such as alfalfa, as­ paragus, beets, carrots and turnips (Harkin, 1969). While most of the lignin in a tree can be found in the xylem cells or wood of the trunk, it may also be found in the pith, bark, roots, branches, leaves, fruits and seeds. Research on lignin has been carried out for over a century, starting with the observations of Anselme Payen in 1838, who described the en­ crusting materials which surrounded the cellulose in the woody cell wall (Pearl, 1964).
    [Show full text]