DOCSLIB.ORG

Reforesting Mumbai: an Analysis of Land-Use

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reforesting Mumbai: an Analysis of Land-Use REFORESTING MUMBAI: AN ANALYSIS OF LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGE USING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING AND GIS by APURVA MARATHE (Under the Direction of Thomas W. Hodler) ABSTRACT In this paper land-use land-cover change dynamics was investigated by the combined use of satellite remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). The objective of this paper was to determine transition among land-use land-cover types in Mumbai over a period of 28 years from 1973 to 2001, and to access the reasons for this change. Using a Landsat Multi Spectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) from 1973, 1992 and 2001 respectively, the three images were classified into six land-use land-cover types: water, wetland, forest, bare land, built-up land and high density built-up land. An accuracy assessment was performed, transition matrices were created and maps were produced depicting the change in all the classes in the three years. The reasons for the change were also analyzed. It was seen that significant changes in land-use land-cover occurred within the area over the study period. As expected, the area showed significant increase in the built- up and high density built-up area. The results also showed change in the land-use land- cover from built-up area to forest area showing the effects of reforestation taking place in the city. The study demonstrates that the integration of remote sensing and GIS was an effective approach for analyzing the land-use land-cover change process. INDEX WORDS: Satellite Remote Sensing, GIS, Land-use and land-cover, Land-use land-cover Classification, Unsupervised Classification, Accuracy Assessment, Transition Matrix, Reforestation, Slum Redevelopment, Google Earth. REFORESTING MUMBAI: AN ANALYSIS OF LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGE USING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING AND GIS by APURVA MARATHE B.A., University of Mumbai, India, 2001 M.A., University of Mumbai, India, 2003 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2008 © 2008 Apurva Marathe All Rights Reserved REFORESTING MUMBAI: AN ANALYSIS OF LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGE USING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING AND GIS by APURVA MARATHE Major Professor: Thomas Hodler Committee: Thomas Jordan Xiaobai Yao Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to recognize the high interest, active participation and strong support of my major professor Dr. Thomas W. Hodler, whose contribution was beyond the expected advice from a major professor. His presence was there in every step of the way. The door to his office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or writing. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude towards Dr. Thomas Jordan for his support and inspiration. He was a constant source of new ideas during the early stages of this undertaking. He always had a solution to any kind of problem I ran into. I would also like to thank Dr. Yao for serving me on my committee and providing with last minute helpful comments. I would like to thank my entire family and especially my mother, for the love and support I received since day one. Without them I would not have been able to achieve what I have achieved. I would also like to thank my husband for being an inspiration to go forward without fear. Finally I would like to apologize to all I must have forgotten to mention and who have helped me during this endeavor. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................1 1.1 Mumbai.................................................................................................1 1.2 Population .............................................................................................2 1.3 Area.......................................................................................................3 1.4 Class Difference and Distribution.........................................................7 1.5 Reforestation Movements .....................................................................8 1.6 Remote Sensing and GIS ......................................................................9 1.7 Objectives ...........................................................................................10 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................12 2.1 Anderson’s Land-use Land-cover Classification Overview...............12 2.2 Classification of Land-use and Land-cover ........................................13 3 METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................17 3.1 Satellite Imagery.................................................................................17 3.2 Processing Techniques Summarized...................................................21 3.3 Satellite Imagery Selection .................................................................21 3.4 Image Resolution ................................................................................21 3.5 Classification Procedures....................................................................22 v 3.6 Google Earth .......................................................................................27 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......................................................................28 4.1 Land-use and Land-cover Composition..............................................28 4.2 Accuracy Assessment .........................................................................35 4.3 Land-use and Land-cover Change Analysis .......................................37 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ................................................................61 5.1 Conclusion from the Analysis.............................................................61 5.2 Limitations ..........................................................................................64 5.3 Summary.............................................................................................65 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................67 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Land-use and land-cover classification scheme specific to the Mumbai Metropolitan region .........................................................................................13 Table 3.1: Characteristics of the satellite data used for land-use land-cover change mapping in the Mumbai area ...........................................................................22 Table 3.2: Maps to be produced.........................................................................................26 Table 4.1: Area distribution in square miles for all categories in each year of study …...34 Table 4.2: Overall classification accuracy and kappa statistics………………………….37 Table 4.3: Land-use land-cover transition matrix from 1973 to 1992...............................38 Table 4.4: Land-use land-cover transition matrix from 1992 to 2001...............................43 Table 4.5: Land-use land-cover transition matrix from 1973 to 2001...............................54 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Population of Mumbai.......................................................................................2 Figure 1.2: Geographic position of Mumbai within India ...................................................4 Figure 1.3: Seven islands of Mumbai ..................................................................................5 Figure 1.4: Metropolis of Mumbai.......................................................................................6 Figure 1.5: Dharavi ..............................................................................................................8 Figure 3.1: Landsat MSS Image of 1973...........................................................................18 Figure 3.2: Landsat TM Image of 1992.............................................................................19 Figure 3.3: Landsat ETM+ Image of 2001 ........................................................................20 Figure 3.4: Low density built-up land................................................................................23 Figure 3.5: Low density built-up land................................................................................24 Figure 3.6: High density built-up land...............................................................................24 Figure 3.7: High density built-up land...............................................................................25 Figure 4.1: Land-use and land-cover of Mumbai for 1973................................................29 Figure 4.2: Land-use and land-cover of Mumbai for 1992................................................30 Figure 4.3: Land-use and land-cover of Mumbai for 2001................................................31 Figure 4.4: Land-use and land-cover statistics for 1973....................................................32
Load more

Recommended publications
  • History, Culture and the Indian City
    This page intentionally left blank History, Culture and the Indian City Rajnarayan Chandavarkar’s sudden death in 2006 was a massive blow to the study of the history of modern India, and the public tributes that have appeared since have confirmed an unusually sharp sense of loss. Dr Chandavarkar left behind a very subsantial collection of unpublished lectures, papers and articles, and these have now been assembled and edited by Jennifer Davis, Gordon Johnson and David Washbrook. The appearance of this collection will be widely welcomed by large numbers of scholars of Indian history, politics and society. The essays centre around three major themes: the city of Bombay, Indian politics and society, and Indian historiography. Each manifests Dr Chandavarkar’s hallmark historical powers of imaginative empirical richness, analytic acuity and expository elegance, and the volume as a whole will make both a major contribution to the historiography of modern India, and a worthy memorial to a very considerable scholar. History, Culture and the Indian City Essays by Rajnarayan Chandavarkar CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521768719 © Rajnarayan Chandavarkar 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2009 ISBN-13 978-0-511-64140-4 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-76871-9 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.31 History (Paper-I)
    Enclosure to Item No. 4.31 A.C. 25/05/2011 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Syllabus for the F.Y.B.A. Program : B.A. Course : History (Paper-I) (History of Modern Maharashtra 1848-1960 AD) (Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the academic year 2011‐2012) 1. Syllabus as per Credit Based Semester and Grading System. i. Name of the Programme - B.A. ii. Course Code ‐ iii. Course Title - History (Paper-I) (History of Modern Maharashtra 1848-1960 AD) iv. Semester wise Course Contents - As per Syllabus v. References and additional references ‐ Submitted already vi. Credit structure - 3 Semester-I & 3 Semester-II vii. No. of lectures per Unit - 11,11,11 & 12 = 45 viii. No. of lectures per week / semester - 45 lectures per semester 2. Scheme of Examination ‐ 4 questions of 15 marks each internal & semester end. 3. Special notes, if any ‐ As per University Norms 4. Eligibility, if any ‐ As per University Norms 5. Free Structure ‐ As per University Norms 6. Special Ordinances / Resolutions, if any ‐ History of Modern Maharashtra (1848-1960) Semester End Examination 60 marks and Internal assessment 40 marks =100 marks per semester The Course should be completed / Covered/Taught in 45 (forty-five) Lectures (45) learning hours for Students) per Semester. In addition to this the student required to spend same number of hours (45) on self study in Library and / or institution or at home, on case study, writing journal, assignment, project etc to complete the course. The total credit value of this course is (03) three credits 45 teaching hours plus 45 hours self study of the student).
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archeaology
    AC 7‐6‐13 Item no. 4.2 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Revised Syllabus for the M.A. Program: M.A. Course: (Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archeaology) Semester I to IV (Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the academic year 2013–2014) 1 M.A. (Ancient Indian History,Culture & Archeaology) Syllabus as per Credit Based and Grading System Ancient Indian History,Culture And Archaeology 1. Syllabus as per Credit Based and Grading System. i. Name of the Program: M.A. (96 Credits) ii. Course Code: ‐ PAAIC iii. Course Title: Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology iv. Semester wise Course Contents: ‐ Listed below v. References and additional references: ‐Listed below v i Sem III .C I Religion and Philosophy I CII Language and Literature I O I Indian Aesthetics C rOII Economic History eOIII History and Culture of SouthEast d Asia iOIV History and Culture of East Asia Sem IV t C I Religion and Philosophy II CII Language and Literature II sO I Cultural Tourism tOII Cultural History and Archaeology of Maharashtra OIII Social life in Ancient India2 OIV Science and Technology in Ancient India ructure: I Sem / II Sem - 24 / 24 Minimum Qualification for Teachers: Course Code Name of the Course Minimum Qualification of Teachers PAAIC Religion and Philosophy M.A. in Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, History, Sanskrit, PAAIC Language and Literature M.A. in Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, History, Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit PAAIC Indian Aesthetics M.A. in Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, History, Sanskrit PAAIC Economic History M.A. in Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, History, PAAIC History and Culture of South M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • A CASE STUDY of LEARN, DHARAVI Dissertation Submitted
    ROLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN ORGANISING THE UNORGANISED SECTOR WORKERS: A CASE STUDY OF LEARN, DHARAVI Dissertation Submitted for the Partial Fulfilment of the M. A. in Globalisation and Labour for the Academic Year 2008-2010 By: Tinu K. Mathew 2008GL023 M. A. in Globalisation and Labour Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai – 400088 Research Guide: Dr. Ezechiel Toppo Associate Professor and Chairperson Centre for Labour Studies School of Management and Labour Studies Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai – 400088 March 2010 ROLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN ORGANISING THE UNORGANISED SECTOR WORKERS: A CASE STUDY OF LEARN, DHARAVI Submitted By: Tinu K. Mathew 2008GL023 M. A. in Globalisation and Labour Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai – 400088 March 2010 ii Tata Institute of Social Sciences, VN Purav Marg, Deonar, Mumbai – 400 088 Tel: +91-22-25525000 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the research report entitled ‘ROLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN ORGANISING THE UNORGANISED SECTOR WORKERS: A CASE STUDY OF LEARN, DHARAVI’ is the record of the original work done by Tinu K. Mathew under my guidance. This work is original and has not been submitted in part or full to any other university or institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma. I certify that the above declaration is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. Dr. Ezechiel Toppo Associate Professor and Chairperson Centre for Labour Studies School of Management and Labour Studies Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai – 400088 Place: Mumbai Date : ..................... iii DECLARATION The research report entitled ‘ROLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN ORGANISING THE UNORGANISED SECTOR WORKERS: A CASE STUDY OF LEARN, DHARAVI’ has been prepared entirely by me under the guidance of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Housing Typologies in Mumbai
    HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN MUMBAI CRIT May 2007 HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN MUMBAI CRIT May 2007 1 Research Team Prasad Shetty Rupali Gupte Ritesh Patil Aparna Parikh Neha Sabnis Benita Menezes CRIT would like to thank the Urban Age Programme, London School of Economics for providing financial support for this project. CRIT would also like to thank Yogita Lokhande, Chitra Venkatramani and Ubaid Ansari for their contributions in this project. Front Cover: Street in Fanaswadi, Inner City Area of Mumbai 2 Study of House Types in Mumbai As any other urban area with a dense history, Mumbai has several kinds of house types developed over various stages of its history. However, unlike in the case of many other cities all over the world, each one of its residences is invariably occupied by the city dwellers of this metropolis. Nothing is wasted or abandoned as old, unfitting, or dilapidated in this colossal economy. The housing condition of today’s Mumbai can be discussed through its various kinds of housing types, which form a bulk of the city’s lived spaces This study is intended towards making a compilation of house types in (and wherever relevant; around) Mumbai. House Type here means a generic representative form that helps in conceptualising all the houses that such a form represents. It is not a specific design executed by any important architect, which would be a-typical or unique. It is a form that is generated in a specific cultural epoch/condition. This generic ‘type’ can further have several variations and could be interestingly designed /interpreted / transformed by architects.
    [Show full text]
  • Bombay Novels
    Bombay Novels: Some Insights in Spatial Criticism Bombay Novels: Some Insights in Spatial Criticism By Mamta Mantri With a Foreword by Amrit Gangar Bombay Novels: Some Insights in Spatial Criticism By Mamta Mantri This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Mamta Mantri All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2390-X ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2390-6 For Vinay and Rajesh TABLE OFCONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................... ix Foreword ......................................................................................... xi Introduction ................................................................................. xxvi Chapter One ...................................................................................... 1 The Contours of a City What is a City? The City in Western Philosophy and Polity The City in Western Literature The City in India Chapter Two ................................................................................... 30 Locating the City in Spatial Criticism The History of Spatial Criticism Space and Time Space,
    [Show full text]
  • Revised List of Lead / Cluster Colleges for TY Bcom
    26543035 / 36, 26530283 [email protected], [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI LIST OF CLUSTERS & THE LEAD COLLEGES SR. PRINCIPALS NAME & Sr. DIST. NAME OF COLLEGES Code Colleges NO. PHONE NO. No. Sawantwadi College of A.C. & S., Sawantwadi. Dist.Sindhudurg - Prin D L Bharmal 67 187 416510 (M) 9422964019 2 13 Vengurla College of A.C. & S. Vengurla, Dist. Sindhudurg. SPK College, Sawantwadi, Near Moti Talav, Tal. (O) 02363 272017 148 543 Dodamarg College of A.C. & S., Tal Dodamarg, Dist.Sindhudurg Sawantwadi, Dist-: 1 Sindhudurg Sindhudurg- 416 510 E-Mail (D) 272017 168 592 Sai Shikshan Santha Oras College of A.C. & S., Dist.Sindhudurg Id [email protected] 210 712 Banda College of A.&C., Sawantwadi, Dist.Sindhudurg-416511 Web:- www.spkcollege.com 237 834 B.S.Naik - Sawantwadi College of A.&C., Dist.Sindhudurg-416510 955 Shivraj College of Arts & Comm. UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI LIST OF CLUSTERS & THE LEAD COLLEGES SR. PRINCIPALS NAME & Sr. DIST. NAME OF COLLEGES Code Colleges NO. PHONE NO. No. Prin.Dr.Sambhaji Krishna 85 244 Kankavli College of A.C. & S., Kankavali, Dist.Sindhudurg - 416602 Shinde (O) 02367-230365 30 97 Kudal College of A. & C., Kudal, Dist. Sindhudurg - 416520 Kankavli College, At Post (F) 02367-232053 64 182 Devgad College of A.C. & S., Deogad, Dist.Sindhudurg - 416613 Kankavali, 2 Sindhudurg Tal.Kankavli,Dist.: (R) 02367-232087 66 186 Malvan College of A.C. & S., Malvan , Dist.Sindhudurg-416606 Sindhudurg- 416602. Email Katta-Malvan College of A. & C., Tal.Malvan, Dist.Sindhudurg- 9405928799 246 882 : [email protected] 416604 954 Dnyanvardhini Charitable Trusts Arts and Commerce College, Talere 399 Anandibai Raorane Arts and Commerce College, Vaibhavwadi Page 1 of 23 26543035 / 36, 26530283 [email protected], [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI LIST OF CLUSTERS & THE LEAD COLLEGES SR.
    [Show full text]
  • [email protected]
    CURRICULUM VITAE Dr. MANISHA RAO Assistant Professor Department of Sociology University of Mumbai Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina Santacruz (E), Mumbai-98 Phone: 9920369059 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Education Ph. D. October 2006. Title of Thesis: „The Sociological Analysis of an Environmental Movement: The case of Appiko, Uttara Kannada District‟. Supervisor: Prof. D.N. Dhanagare. Department of Sociology, University of Pune, Pune. M.Phil. February 1994. Title of Dissertation: „Underdevelopment Theories: A Gender Sensitive Critique‟. Supervisor: Prof. V. Xaxa, Dept. of Sociology, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi. M.A. 1992. 1st Class with Distinction, from Dept. of Sociology, University of Pune, Pune. B.A.(Hons.) 1990. Political Science, from Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi. Senior Secondary School Certificate. 1987. Humanities, 1st Division, from The Holy Child Auxilium School, New Delhi. Awards Awarded Major Research Project of Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi. Grant amount INR Eight Lacs, 2017-2019. Awarded U.G.C.- J.R.F. in January 1999. Awarded U, G, C.- N.E.T. in January 1996. Awarded Daulat R. Desai Prize for Leadership; Principals‟ Prize for Service to the College. L.S.R. New Delhi.1990. 1 Distinctions Member, Editorial Advisory Committee - Sociological Bulletin, Official Journal of the Indian Sociological Society, March 2018-February 2020. Member, Editorial Advisory Committee – Explorations E-Journal of the Indian Sociological Society, April 2020- March 2022. Member, Editorial Advisory Board - „Quest in Education‟, Gandhi Shiksha Bhavan, Mumbai, since June 2014. President, Students Council, (1989-‟90) Lady Shri Ram College for Women, New Delhi.
    [Show full text]
  • Mumbai Local Sightseeing Tours
    Mumbai Local Sightseeing Tours HALF DAY MUMBAI CITY TOUR Visit Gateway of India, Mumbai's principle landmark. This arch of yellow basalt was erected on the waterfront in 1924 to commemorate King George V's visit to Mumbai in 1911. Drive pass the Secretariat of Maharashtra Government and along the Marine Drive which is fondly known as the 'Queen's Necklace'. Visit Jain temple and Hanging Gardens, which offers a splendid view of the city, Chowpatty, Kamala Nehru Park and also visit Mani Bhavan, where Mahatma Gandhi stayed during his visits to Mumbai. Drive pass Haji Ali Mosque, a shrine in honor of a Muslim Saint on an island 500 m. out at sea and linked by a causeway to the mainland. Stop at the 'Dhobi Ghat' where Mumbai's 'dirties' are scrubbed, bashed, dyed and hung out to dry. Watch the local train passing close by on which the city commuters 'hang out like laundry' ‐ a nice photography stop. Continue to the colorful Crawford market and to the Flora fountain in the large bustling square, in the heart of the city. Optional visit to Prince of Wales museum (closed on Mondays). TOUR COST : INR 1575 Per Person The tour cost includes : • Tour in Ac Medium Car • Services of a local English‐speaking Guide during the tour • Government service tax The tour cost does not include: • Entry fees at any of the monuments listed in the tour. The same would be on direct payment basis. • Any expenses of personal nature Note: The above tour is based on minimum 2 persons traveling together in a car.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Bharat Bhushan
    Dr. Bharat Bhushan Full Name : Dr. Bharat Bhushan Designation : Professor, Environmental Planning Dean (Academic) and Secretary, YASHADA Academic Qualifications :PhD (Zoology), 1994, University of Mumbai, MSc (Zoology), 1985, University of Mumbai, ISO 9001:2000, Certified Lead Auditor - Quality Management, ISO 14000:2004, Certified Lead Auditor - Environment Management Contact Nos. : 020-25608155 (Off.), 9823338227 (Mob.) E-mail ID : [email protected] Date of Joining : 01/03/96 Professional Experience / Previous Postings : Dean (Academic), YASHADA (June 2008 onwards) 2004-2008: Deputy Director General (Planning), Planning Division, YASHADA and Professor, Environmental Planning 1996-2004: Associate Professor, Environmental Planning and Director, Centre for Environment and Development, Yashwantrao Chavan Academy of Development Administration, Government of Maharashtra, Pune, India 1995-1996: Research Associate, Associates in Biodiversity and Conservation, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA 1995: Senior Project Officer, Biodiversity Conservation Programme,India 1994-1995: Research Associate, Harini Nature Conservation Foundation, Mumbai (Bombay), India 1993-1994: Programme Officer, South Asia, Asian Wetlands Bureau, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1992-1993: Pre-doctoral Research Associate, S. Dillon Ripley Bird Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., United States of America 1982-1992: Scientist + Conservation Officer, Bombay Natural History
    [Show full text]
  • Chandore’ in India’S Western Ghats Ancient Asia – Using Ethno-Historic Study and Sculptural Details As Complementary Factors to Spatial Techniques
    Gokhale, P and Dalal, K F 2018 Spatial Study of ‘Chandore’ in India’s Western Ghats Ancient Asia – Using Ethno-historic Study and Sculptural Details as Complementary Factors to Spatial Techniques. Ancient Asia, 9: 2, pp. 1–7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aa.150 RESEARCH PAPER Spatial Study of ‘Chandore’ in India’s Western Ghats – Using Ethno-historic Study and Sculptural Details as Complementary Factors to Spatial Techniques Pallavee Gokhale* and Kurush F. Dalal† The ancient temple complex site at Chandhore in the Western Ghats of India was discovered in 2011. Subsequent excavations at the site revealed successive occupation from the Shilahara Period (1100 CE), to the Bahmani, Adilshahi, and Maratha Periods (1500 CE – 1800 CE). A stela like element bearing a motif of a cow suckling a calf were discovered at various locations at the site and its environs. Some of these showed an exceedingly fine level of craftsmanship whilst others were crude and devoid of inscriptions. These stelae/pillars are referred to as Gaay-vaasru (Cow-Calf) pillars. These stelae were found at random locations such as the backyard of a house, abandoned hillslopes, roadside pavements, etc. Understanding the significance of the erection of such pillars at these locations was the main objective of this project. Spatial techniques complemented by textual references, iconographic interpretations, etc. were used to achieve this objective. Keywords: Cow; Calf; Landgrant; Copper-plate; Shilahara; Konkan; Historical Archaeology; Early Medieval Introduction techniques. It became evident that the changes in landuse Archaeology in the Indian context is tightly knit with his- and landcover pattern over many centuries had changed torical as well as present local cultures of the areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
    Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARATION OF FEASIBILITY REPORT, DPR PREPARATION, REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND OBTAINING MOEF CLEARANCE AND BID PROCESS MANAGMENT FOR MUMBAI COASTAL ROAD PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT August 2016 STUP Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Ernst& Young Pvt. Ltd Plot 22-A, Sector 19C, 8th floor, Golf View Corporate Tower Palm Beach Marg, Vashi, B, Sector 42, Sector Road Navi Mumbai 400 705 , Gurgaon - 122002, Haryana CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARATION OF STUP Consultants P. Ltd FEASIBILITY REPORT, DPR PREPARATION, REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND OBTAINING MOEF CLEARANCE AND BID PROCESS MANAGMENT . FOR MUMBAI COASTAL ROAD PROJECT CHAPTER 11 11. Executive Summary: E.S 1. Introduction Mumbai reckoned as the financial capital of the country, houses a population of 12.4million besides a large floating population in a small area of 437sq.km. As surrounded by sea and has nowhere to expand. The constraints of the geography and the inability of the city to expand have already made it the densest metropolis of the world. High growth in the number of vehicles in the last 20 years has resulted in extreme traffic congestion. This has lead to long commute times and a serious impact on the productivity in the city as well as defining quality of life of its citizens. The extreme traffic congestion has also resulted in Mumbai witnessing the worst kind of transport related pollution. Comprehensive Traffic Studies (CTS) were carried out for the island city along with its suburbs to identify transportation requirements to eliminate existing problems and plan for future growth.
    [Show full text]