#6 bulletin 10 July 2017 Food Price Monitoring and Analysis
monthly report on food price trends Key messages Contents international cereal prices...... 2 Domestic Price Warnings...... 3 ↗↗ International wheat prices generally increased in June on quality west africa...... 7 concerns amid unfavourable growing conditions for the 2017 crops southern africa...... 8 in some key producing countries. Export prices of maize remained east africa...... 10 generally unchanged, while rice quotations continued to increase east asia...... 12 mainly on account of strong demand. cis - asia and europe...... 14 central america and the caribbean...... 16 ↗↗ In East Africa, cereal prices either remain stable or declined in June with south america...... 17 the new 2017 harvests, but remained at near-record levels in several countries. Prices increased sharply in the past several months, due to tight supplies because of drought-reduced 2016 second season crops and concerns about the overall performance of this year’s harvests following poor rains and crop pests. ↗↗ In Asia, sustained demand further underpinned domestic prices of rice in exporting countries in June. Elsewhere in the subregion, rice prices rose further and reached record highs in Bangladesh, reflecting losses incurred in the 2017 main season crop, coupled with reduced production and imports in 2016. In Sri Lanka, an anticipated reduction in the 2017 output continued to support prices of rice.
Domestic price warnings Price warning level: High Moderate [Based on GIEWS analysis]
Bangladesh | Rice Burundi | Maize Ethiopia | Maize Kenya | Maize Niger | Coarse grains Nigeria | Staple foods Rwanda | Maize Somalia | Coarse grains South Sudan | Staple foods Sri Lanka | Rice Uganda | Maize Warnings are only included if latest available price data is not older than two months. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map do not imply the expression of any opinion United Republic of Tanzania | Maize whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.
GIEWS - Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture INTERNATIONAL CEREAL PRICES
Wheat and rice prices increased in June, those of maize generally unchanged International prices of wheat generally strengthened in June. The benchmark improved weather. In the Black Sea region, maize prices kept a firmer tone on US wheat (No.2 Hard Red Winter, f.o.b.) price increased for the second account of sustained demand, while in South America, quotations declined consecutive month and at a steep rate, averaging USD 226 per tonne, with the ongoing harvest of the 2017 crops, anticipated at a bumper level. 13 percent higher than in May and about 14 percent above its level in the The FAO All Rice Price Index (2002-04=100) rose for the seventh corresponding month last year. Seasonal pressure from the 2017 winter wheat consecutive month in June and reached 209 points, up 4 percent from its harvest was more than offset by reports of low grain quality this year, implying value a month earlier. Export prices registered further increases in all the a reduced availability of premium grade milling wheat, and deteriorating spring major Asian origins during June, as suppliers remained busy meeting the wheat conditions due to hot and dry weather. Less than ideal conditions in other rush in orders placed by countries such as Iraq, the Islamic Republic of Iran key-growing countries in the Northern Hemisphere and in parts of Australia and Bangladesh in recent weeks. Expectations of additional purchases by the also provided support. In Argentina, wet conditions hampering plantings of Philippines, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh tended to accentuate gains. It was only the new crop contributed to the month-on-month price increase in June. towards the latter part of the month that prices subsided somewhat, amid International maize prices remained generally stable in June, with the easing pressure to secure supplies and a lack of fresh interest. In the Americas, benchmark US maize (No.2, Yellow, f.o.b.) price averaging USD 158 per a sale to Iraq provided a further boost to long grain quotations in the United tonne, virtually unchanged from May and nearly 13 percent down from the States of America, which had already found support on continued concerns corresponding month in 2016. After increasing early in the month on concerns over flood losses and a good pace of exports.A n upbeat pace of sales also about hot conditions in key growing areas, following some delays in planting underpinned quotations in Argentina and Uruguay, while prices took a in April and May, prices declined in the second half of June on account of downturn in Brazil, amid limited buying interest and currency movements.
International wheat prices
Latest Price Percent Change USD per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 250 US (Gulf), Wheat (US No. 2, Hard 226.25 13 14.1 14.3 230 Red Winter)
210 EU (France), Wheat (grade 1) 187.75 0.3 -1.4 2 Black Sea, Wheat (milling) 188.25 0.8 -2 0.5 190 Argentina, Wheat (Argentina, 190.50 1 -0.7 -9.3 170 Trigo Pan, Up River, f.o.b.)
150 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): International Grains Council
International maize prices
Latest Price Percent Change USD per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 210 200 US (Gulf), Maize (US No. 2, 157.82 0.1 -0.6 -12.6 Black Sea, Maize (feed) 172.00 0.7 1 -16.5 190 180 Argentina, Maize (Argentina, Up 155.25 -3.8 -5 -21 River, f.o.b.) 170 Ukraine, Maize (o er, f.o.b.) 171.80 0.5 0.5 -16 160 150 140 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): USDA; International Grains Council; APK-Inform Agency International rice prices
Latest Price Percent Change USD per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 550 Thailand (Bangkok), Rice (Thai 469.20 9.2 22 3 500 100% B) 450 Viet Nam, Rice (25% broken) 378.40 14.1 13.6 12.2 400 India, Rice (25% broken) 375.00 4.2 9 3.9 350 US, Rice (US Long Grain 2.4%) 445.00 6.4 12.7 -0.7
300
250 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Thai Rice Exporters Association; FAO rice price update
For more information visit the FPMA website here
2 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 DOMESTIC PRICE WARNINGS
Countries where prices of one or more basic food commodity are at abnormal high levels which could negatively impact access to food
Bangladesh | Rice
Growth Rate (%) Rice prices increased further to record highs Prices of coarse rice rose further to record highs in June reflecting dwindling market Same period to 06/17 availabilities, following flood-induced losses to the 2017 main boro crop, coupled average with reduced production and imports in 2016. In response to the high prices, the Government has recently purchased increased quantities of rice from neighbouring 3 months 7.5 -0.2 countries and also announced the reduction of the import duty on rice to 10 percent from the current 25 percent, while the Central Bank has removed the Letter of 12 months 4.0 -0.2 Credit margin on rice imports until 31 December 2017 (FPMA Food Policies). Compound growth rate in real terms. Refers to: Bangladesh, Dhaka, Wholesale, Rice (coarse- BR-8/ 11/ Guti/ Sharna)
Burundi | Maize
Growth Rate (%) Maize prices firm and at high levels in June Prices of maize remained firm in June, at about twice their year-earlier levels Same period to 06/17 despite the 2017B harvest. The high level of prices reflects an overall tight supply average situation due to a reduced 2017A harvest, gathered earlier in the year, and lower imports from neighbouring United Republic of Tanzania and Rwanda. A weak 3 months 0.4 -3.4 currency and low foreign currency reserves hampering trade, and fuel shortages leading to higher transport costs, exerted additional upward pressure on prices. 12 months 5.6 -0.3 By contrast, prices of staple beans declined in the past weeks with the ongoing Compound growth rate in real terms. harvest. Maize seeds and flour, cassava and flour, rice and beans were exempted Refers to: Burundi, Bujumbura, Wholesale, Maize from custom duties in mid-May.
Ethiopia | Maize
Growth Rate (%) Maize prices strengthened further in June Prices of maize continued to increase significantly in June and reached levels Same period to 06/17 well above those a year earlier. The sharp increase of the recent months reflects average seasonal trends compounded by concerns about the overall performance of the belg harvest, just started, due to early season dryness and Fall armyworm infestations 3 months 9.2 5.1 in southwestern areas, which affected yield potential. By contrast, prices of teff levelled off or declined in some markets in June, but they were still higher than in 12 months 3.4 -0.7 the same month last year. Prices of wheat, partly imported and mainly consumed Compound growth rate in real terms. in urban centres, slightly increased in June in the capital, Addis Ababa, but remained Refers to: Ethiopia, Jimma, Wholesale, Maize around their year-earlier levels reflecting adequate volumes of imports and a good 2016 output.
Price warning level: High Moderate For more information visit the FPMA website here
10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 3 Domestic Price Warnings contd.
Kenya | Maize
Growth Rate (%) Prices of maize still high despite recent declines Prices of maize declined moderately in June from the previous month’s record highs Same period to 06/17 mainly as a result of imports from neighbouring Uganda and the United Republic of average Tanzania. Prices, however, remained up to 80 percent higher than their year-earlier levels as a result of reduced supplies from the drought-reduced 2016 short-rains 3 months 6.2 5.1 harvest and concerns over the upcoming 2017 long-rains harvest, due to early season dryness and Fall armyworm infestations. The high price of imports from 12 months 4.3 -0.5 Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania, where exportable surpluses are lower Compound growth rate in real terms. than average due to reduced 2016 harvests, provided further support to prices. The Refers to: Kenya, Nakuru, Wholesale, Maize Government has taken a number of measures in an effort to curb prices including subsidies for maize imports and for the sale of maize flour (FPMA Food Policies). Prices of staple beans declined sharply in June by some 20 percent mainly on account of increased imports from Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.
Niger | Coarse grains
Growth Rate (%) Coarse grain prices rose further and at record highs in June Prices of coarse grains rose in most markets in June, continuing the rising trend Same period to 06/17 which began in early 2017 and reached record or near-record highs, well above average those a year earlier. Seasonal trends were exacerbated by sustained demand for the Ramadan festive period. In addition, 2016 production shortfalls in some 3 months 9.5 3.3 departments, large institutional purchases in the past months and lower imports from Nigeria were all drivers that contributed to keep prices at high levels. By 12 months 4.1 -0.2 contrast, the sustained flow of imports kept prices of rice stable and below their Compound growth rate in real terms. values in June last year. Planting of the 2017 cereal crops, to be harvested from Refers to: Niger, Zinder, Wholesale, Millet (local) September, has begun under generally favourable weather conditions.
Nigeria | Staple foods
Growth Rate (%) Food prices remained high in May Prices of coarse grains and white gari (a staple food made from cassava) Same period to 05/17 strengthened further in May and reached record or near-record highs. Seasonal average trends were compounded by stronger domestic demand for the Ramadan festive period. The high level of food prices is the result of the substantial depreciation of 3 months -1.9 1.9 the local currency over the past year, civil insecurity, tight market supplies and high transportation costs. High prices of cereals, meat and dairy products, fish, potatoes, 12 months 2.0 0.0 and vegetables kept food inflation at high levels in May, 19 percent up from the Compound growth rate in real terms. corresponding month last year. However, food inflation remained close to the rate Refers to: Nigeria, Kano, Wholesale, Maize (white) recorded in April as food prices increased only slightly in May, mainly reflecting some strengthening in the local currency, particularly in the parallel market, and following some improvement of the market functioning in the northeast. Despite the high food prices, the general inflation rate fell for the fourth consecutive month in May, reflecting the decreasing inflation rate in other categories of goods. In early July, the Government also announced its intention to curb prices of food items in the next few weeks.
Price warning level: High Moderate For more information visit the FPMA website here
4 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 Domestic Price Warnings contd.
Rwanda | Maize
Growth Rate (%) Maize prices firm at near-record highs Prices of maize in the capital, Kigali, remained firm in June and at near-record Same period to 06/17 levels, about 40 percent above their year-earlier values. Harvesting of the 2017B average crops halted the increasing trend of the past several months; however, localized production shortfalls and a reduced 2017A harvest hindered price declines. 3 months 0.5 3.6 Highly‑priced imports from neighbouring Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania provided further support to prices. However, prices are expected to ease 12 months 2.3 0.0 in the coming weeks with the bulk of the new harvest and improved inflows of Compound growth rate in real terms. imports. The East African Community (EAC) has removed or reduced the Common Refers to: Rwanda, Kigali, Wholesale, Maize External Tariff (CET) on some imported food products for Rwanda, in an effort to ease supply pressure and curb food inflation (FPMA Food Policies).
Somalia | Coarse grains
Growth Rate (%) Prices of coarse grains remain at high levels Prices of sorghum generally increased in June, while those of maize remained firm Same period to 06/17 or declined in some markets as a result of the ongoing food assistance operations. average However, prices remained up to twice their year-earlier levels, underpinned by reduced supplies from the drought-affected 2016 cereal output and by unfavourable 3 months 2.2 2.8 prospects for the main 2017 gu season harvest, to be gathered in August, due to the poor performance of rains, reduced plantings and pest damage on germinated 12 months 3.4 -0.3 crops. This may lead to a third consecutive reduced cereal output after the poor Compound growth rate in real terms. deyr harvest gathered earlier in the year and the reduced 2016 gu crop. Refers to: Somalia, Mogadishu, Retail, Sorghum (red)
South Sudan | Staple foods
Growth Rate (%) Food prices still at high levels despite some declines In the capital, Juba, prices of maize, sorghum and groundnuts levelled off in Same period to 06/17 June, while those of other important staples, including wheat flour and cassava average declined by 13 and 26 percent, respectively. Recent trends reflect increased supplies from the first season harvest, currently underway in southern bi-modal areas as well 3 months 1.2 1.0 as subsidized sales of basic food commodities. In May, the Government established a trading company to import and sell five basic food items (sugar, wheat flour, maize 12 months -1.1 -0.1 flour, beans and cooking oil) in 35 shops in Juba.T he prices of these subsidized Compound growth rate in real terms. food items are 25-45 percent lower than the market prices. In addition, the import Refers to: South Sudan, Juba, Retail, Groundnuts duty on basic food commodities was lifted for three months. Food prices in June, however, remained three to five times higher than their year-earlier levels, in nominal terms, underpinned by the depreciation of the local currency, tight domestic supplies and marketing disruptions due to insecurity.
For more information visit the FPMA website here
10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 5 Domestic Price Warnings contd.
Sri Lanka | Rice
Growth Rate (%) Rice prices rose in June and higher than a year earlier Prices of rice rose further in June and were 17 percent above their year-earlier Same period to 06/17 levels. Seasonal trends were exacerbated by expectations of a sharply-reduced average 2017 secondary yala crop, to be harvested in August and September, due to persisting tight water supplies and shortages of seeds. The high level of prices 3 months 2.0 -0.8 reflects anticipations of a significant decline in the 2017 aggregate rice output, which is forecast almost 40 percent less than last year’s production and 35 percent 12 months 0.9 0.0 lower than the average of the previous five years, due to a severe drought in Compound growth rate in real terms. late 2016 and early 2017, which affected the 2016/17 main maha season crop Refers to: Sri Lanka, Colombo, Retail, Rice (white) (Sri Lanka, GIEWS Special Report). In an effort to boost market supplies, the Government increased imports in the first months of 2017 and recently extended tax concessions on imported rice until August 2017 (initially set to end on 31 May).
Uganda | Maize
Growth Rate (%) Prices of maize rose further in May to record levels In most monitored markets, prices of maize declined in June by more than Same period to 06/17 10 percent from the record highs in May as the first season harvest, currently average underway, began to supply markets. However, prices remained about 50 percent higher than a year earlier due to tight supplies from the reduced 2016 cereal 3 months -0.6 4.3 output and concerns over shortfalls in the ongoing harvest. Yields were affected by erratic and below-average rains in southwestern and northern districts and by 12 months 2.9 0.3 Fall armyworm infestations, reported in 60 of the country’s 111 districts. Sustained Compound growth rate in real terms. demand from neighbouring countries provided further support. In the capital, Refers to: Uganda, Kampala, Wholesale, Maize Kampala, retail prices of beans, matooke and cassava flour, important staples in the local diet, also declined in June.
United Republic of Tanzania | Maize Prices of maize still high despite further declines in June Growth Rate (%) Prices of maize declined for the second consecutive month in June as a result Same period to 06/17 of increased supplies from the msimu harvest, recently concluded in central and average southern uni-modal rainfall areas and from the green harvest of masika crops, gathered from early July in northern and eastern bi-modal rainfall areas. Despite 3 months 2.0 -1.2 the recent declines, however, prices were still well above their levels in June last year due to the drought-reduced 2016 second season crop output and 2017 harvest 12 months 7.6 -0.7 shortfalls in central and northern areas due to poor rains and Fall armyworm
Compound growth rate in real terms. infestations. In Dar es Salaam, the largest urban centre, and in Iringa, prices were Refers to: United Republic of Tanzania, Arusha, Wholesale, Maize 38 and 32 percent up on June last year, respectively, while in Arusha, located in a drought-affected northern bi-modal rainfall areas, prices in June were more than twice higher.
For more information visit the FPMA website here
6 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 west africa
Coarse grain prices increased in most countries, those of rice generally stable
In the Sahel belt, prices of coarse grains generally increased in June, rice remained relatively stable and around or below their values in June continuing the upward trend of the past few months, and reaching levels last year on account of the steady flow of imports. In coastal countries, well above those a year earlier. Seasonal trends were mainly exacerbated Ghana and Togo, prices of staple maize and other coarse grains by stronger domestic demand for the Ramadan festive period. In remained generally stable or eased somewhat in June and remained Burkina Faso and Mali, however, farmers’ destocking and governments’ lower than a year earlier. This reflects the adequate supplies from the subsidized cereal sales contributed to limit the increase in prices. In 2016 bumper outputs and the overall favourable prospects for the 2017 Niger, prices of coarse grains rose to record highs in some markets in crops. In these countries, prices of imported rice were stable in June and June due to relatively tighter market supplies, on account of reduced generally lower than a year earlier, In Nigeria, prices of coarse grains imports, localized production shortfalls last year and large institutional increased in May but at a slower pace than in April, mostly reflecting purchases in the past months. In Chad, maize prices remained stable in some strengthening in the local currency. Prices of locally-produced rice May, while those of millet and sorghum increased in most markets. Prices eased somewhat in most markets. Prices of cereals, however, remained of coarse grains, however, remained generally below their year‑earlier at record or near-record levels in most markets following the sustained values, mainly as a result of the good output in 2016 and ample increases in the past months due to the depreciation of the currency, domestic supplies. In the Sahelian countries, prices of mostly imported civil insecurity and high transport costs.
Wholesale prices of coarse grains in selected West African countries
Latest Price Percent Change CFA Franc BCEAO per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 350200 Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, 170000. 0 3 3 300200 Sorghum (local) Mali, Bamako, Millet (local) 250200 210000. 5 20 20 Niger, Zinder, Millet (local) 304999. 13 32.6 60.5 200200 Niger, Maradi, Sorghum (local) 269999. 12.5 35 74.2 150200
100200 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Afrique verte
Retail prices of maize in Togo
Latest Price Percent Change CFA Franc BCEAO per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 300 Anie 154.00 -13.5 11.6 -19.8 250 Lomé 167.00 0 12.8 -25.8 200 Korbongou 154.00 -0.6 -1.3 7.7 Kara 134.00 2.3 8.1 -26.4 150
100
50 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et de la Pêche
Wholesale prices of maize in Nigeria
Latest Price Percent Change Naira per 100 kg (May-17) 1M 3M 1Y 20000 Kaura Namoda 15960.0 0.4 2 54.1 15000 Lagos 16760.0 2.5 9.5 67.6 Maiduguri 14600.0 0.3 5.2 50.2 10000 Giwa 14260.0 3.7 21.4 59.4
5000
0 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Source(s): FEWSNET
For more information visit the FPMA website here
10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 7 southern africa
Maize prices decline further and generally down on a yearly basis
In most countries of the subregion, maize prices continued to decline in prices generally declined compared to the previous month, mostly June and were generally lower than a year earlier, with the 2017 main on account of an improved supply situation resulting from this year’s season harvest nearing completion and expected at a bumper level. In larger domestic harvest and were well below their year-earlier levels. South Africa, maize prices declined further in June and were well below By contrast, prices of rice were stable and higher than a year earlier, their year-earlier values, mostly pressured by a favourable supply outlook, mainly supported by the recent price increases in the international market, with recently-released production forecasts confirming expectations of with the country importing over 50 percent of its domestic consumption a record output. Low international prices coupled with limited import requirements. In Malawi, prices of maize also fell steeply in May and demand from neighbouring countries, on account of bumper harvests, were down on an annual basis reflecting expectations of a larger output also contributed to the downward pressure on prices. As a result, white in 2017 and ample imports that helped to ease supply pressure. In maize prices, the main food staple, were below export parity levels in Zimbabwe, prices of maize meal remained below their year-earlier levels June. In the net-importing countries of Namibia and Swaziland, maize and with the 2017 maize output forecast to rebound significantly, they meal prices continued to remain stable or declined in May and were are expected to remain low. Similarly, in Zambia, the expected production down on a yearly basis. The lower year-on-year levels mainly reflect the increase that prompted the Government to lift the export ban in late April reduced prices in South Africa, the main source of imported grain, and (FPMA Food Policies), weighed on prices in recent months, although they weather‑driven production increases in 2017. In Mozambique, maize remained some 20 percent higher than in May last year.
Wholesale prices of maize in Randfontein, South Africa
Latest Price Percent Change Rand per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 5500 5000 Maize (white) 1728.91 -5.9 -19.1 -63.8 4500 Maize (yellow) 1855.87 -4.4 -13.6 -49.3 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): SAFEX Agricultural Products Division
Retail prices of maize meal in Namibia
Latest Price Percent Change Namibia Dollar per kg (May-17) 1M 3M 1Y 15 Otjiwarongo 14 11.07 -12.1 -17.1 -10.1 Gobabis 12.00 0.8 0.8 -10 13 Katima 12 12.80 0 0 6.7 11 10 9 8 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Source(s): Namibia Statistics Agency
For more information visit the FPMA website here
8 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 southern africa contd.
Retail prices of maize meal in Swaziland
Latest Price Percent Change Lilangeni per kg (May-17) 1M 3M 1Y 14 National average 13 11.20 2.8 -0.2 -9.3 Hhohho 10.00 -13.8 -13.8 -13.8 12 Shiselweni 11 11.60 0 0 -12.1 10 9 8 7 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Source(s): Central Statistical O ce (CSO)
Retail prices of white maize in Mozambique
Latest Price Percent Change Metical per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 50 Nampula 10.29 0 -47 -45 40 Angonia 8.00 -28.2 -57.6 -53.3 30 Gorongosa 8.71 2.4 -50.7 -57.4 Maputo 15.72 -8.3 -47.1 -41 20
10
0 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Sistema De Informação De Mercados Agrícolas De Moçambique
Retail prices of maize in Malawi
Latest Price Percent Change Kwacha per kg (May-17) 1M 3M 1Y 260 National Average, Maize 146.21 -2.8 -32.7 -15.7 210
160
110
60 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Source(s): Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
Retail prices of maize in Zambia
Latest Price Percent Change Kwacha per kg (May-17) 1M 3M 1Y 4.5 National Average, Maize (white) 4 2.53 -16.2 -13.9 19.5 National Average, Breakfast 3.95 -2 -3.9 18.8 3.5 maize meal 3 National Average, White roller 3.22 -3.3 -5.3 20.5 2.5 maize meal 2 1.5 1 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Source(s): Central Statistical O ce
For more information visit the FPMA website here
10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 9 east africa
Cereal prices declined in June in some countries but still high
Cereal prices declined or stabilized in June with the new 2017 harvests, about three to five times higher than their levels in June last year, in after the sharp increases of the past several months. Prices, however, nominal terms. In Rwanda, the ongoing harvest halted the increasing remained at near-record levels in several countries due to tight supplies trend of the past months but localized production shortfalls and a following the drought-affected 2016 second season crops and concerns general tight supply situation limited the downward pressure, with prices about the overall performance of this year’s harvests affected by poor remaining at near‑record highs in June, about 40 percent higher than a rains and crop pests. In Uganda and Kenya, prices of maize declined year earlier. Prices remained firm also in Burundi despite the ongoing from their record highs in the previous month but remained well above harvest and were about twice their year-earlier levels, due to a reduced their year-earlier levels. In the United Republic of Tanzania, prices 2017A output and lower imports. In Ethiopia, prices of maize continued of maize declined further and at a steep rate in June as a result of to increase in June and were well above their year-earlier levels due to increased supplies from the msimu harvest and the green harvest of the concerns over the performance of the upcoming secondary season belg masika crop. However, prices in June were still well above their year- harvest, despite recently-improved rainfall. In Somalia, prices of sorghum earlier levels, due to the drought-reduced 2016 second season output increased in some markets in June, while those of maize remained firm. and 2017 harvest shortfalls in central and northern growing areas. In Prices of coarse grains were well above their year-earlier levels due to a South Sudan, prices of maize and sorghum levelled off in June in the sharply‑reduced 2016 cereal output and unfavourable prospects for the capital, Juba, as the first season harvest, currently underway in southern 2017 gu harvest. In the Sudan, prices of coarse grains were mostly stable bi-modal areas, increased market supplies. Subsidized sales of basic food in June, with those of sorghum lower than a year earlier as a result of the commodities also contributed to stabilize prices. Prices, however, were above-average 2016 harvest.
Wholesale prices of maize in Uganda
Latest Price Percent Change Uganda Shilling per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 1800 1600 Kampala 1443.20 -10.3 -0.1 52.3 Busia 1423.18 -14.2 -3.1 47.2 1400 1200 Lira 1380.46 -15.4 -0.3 52.2 1000 800 600 400 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Regional Agricultural Trade Intelligence Network
Wholesale prices of maize in Kenya
Latest Price Percent Change Kenyan Shilling per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 65000 60000 Nakuru 49836.0 -2 23.8 84 55000 Nairobi 52143.0 4.4 16.1 62.1 50000 Eldoret 47481.0 -2.2 25 62.5 45000 40000 Kisumu 59985.0 -4.8 20 71.4 35000 30000 25000 20000 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Regional Agricultural Trade Intelligence Network
For more information visit the FPMA website here
10 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 east africa contd.
Wholesale prices of maize in the United Republic of Tanzania
Latest Price Percent Change Tanzanian Shilling per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 1600 Dar es Salaam 1400 957.09 -21.6 -19.9 38.1 Iringa 714.68 -34.5 -28.5 31.7 1200 Arusha 1000 1098.88 -10.5 0.4 139.1 800 600 400 200 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Regional Agricultural Trade Intelligence Network
Retail prices of selected cereals in Juba, South Sudan
Latest Price Percent Change South Sudanese Pound per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 500 Maize (white) 451.00 -0.9 56.6 306.3 400 Sorghum (Feterita) 449.00 1.4 53.8 290.4 300 Wheat ( our) 115.00 -12.9 27.8 187.5
200
100
0 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Crop & Livestock Market Information System (CLIMIS)
Wholesale prices of maize in Ethiopia
Latest Price Percent Change Ethiopian Birr per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 7500 7000 Addis Ababa 7235.70 8 19.6 48.1 6500 Mekele 7000.00 9.4 21 37.3 6000 Bahirdar 6900.00 12 25.5 53.3 5500 Shashemene 7450.00 3.5 24.2 25.2 5000 4500 4000 3500 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise; The Economic Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU)
Retail prices of maize and sorghum in Somalia
Latest Price Percent Change Somali Shilling per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 16000 Baidoa, Sorghum (red) 14000 10300.0 1.2 22.6 71.7 Mogadishu, Sorghum (red) 11300.0 3.7 13.3 89.9 12000 Mogadishu, Maize (white) 10000 13950.0 19.4 29.5 35.1 Marka, Maize (white) 8000 12000.0 3 26.3 47.2 6000 4000 2000 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Food Security Analysis Unit
For more information visit the FPMA website here
10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 11 east asia
Domestic prices of rice increased in most countries, while trends for wheat were mixed
In most exporting countries of the subregion, domestic prices of rice output. In other importers, including China, Indonesia and the recorded further significant gains in June due to sustained international Philippines, prices of rice remained generally stable and were close to demand. Prices increased most notably in Thailand and Viet Nam, their year-earlier levels, mainly reflecting adequate market availabilities where they reached multi-year highs on account of strong export from imports. As for wheat and wheat flour, prices moved relatively little prospects. Similarly, rice quotations rose, although to a lesser extent, in June in most countries of the subregion. They decreased marginally in Myanmar, where they remained lower than a year earlier, and in in the subregion’s main producers, India and Pakistan, pressured Cambodia, due to persistent demand. In India, ongoing Government downward by good availabilities from the recently-concluded 2017 purchases added to the upward pressure. Prices increased also in some main rabi season harvests, estimated at bumper levels. Similarly, importers of the subregion. In Bangladesh, prices reached all-time prices of wheat weakened in Bangladesh, reflecting high imports in highs in June, following flood-induced losses to the 2017 mainboro recent months and ongoing Open Market Sales by the Government. crop, which exacerbated the upward pressure that markets were already In Indonesia, prices of mostly imported wheat flour increased only experiencing after reduced production and low imports in 2016. Rice marginally in June, reflecting Government efforts to keep food prices prices rose further in Sri Lanka, where seasonal trends in June were stable during the festive period. In China and Sri Lanka, prices of exacerbated by expectations of a sharply-reduced 2017 secondary yala wheat flour remained relatively stable. In Afghanistan, prices of wheat crop, to be harvested in August and September, due to continuing tight grain and of mostly-imported wheat flour increased in June, reflecting water supplies and shortages of seeds. Prices were higher than a year the depreciation of the local currency and expectations of a slightly earlier underpinned by an anticipated reduction in the 2017 aggregate below‑average 2017 harvest, due to dry weather.
Wholesale prices of rice in Bangkok, Thailand
Latest Price Percent Change Baht per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 15 Rice (5% broken) 14.12 11.1 23.9 1.5 14 Rice (25% broken) 13.22 9.3 20 2.4 13
12
11
10 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Department of Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce
Wholesale prices of rice in Viet Nam
Latest Price Percent Change Dong per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 8000 An Giang, Rice (25% broken) 7075.00 4.5 -0.4 0.6 7500 An Giang, Rice (20% broken) 6975.00 4.6 -0.4 -1.5 Dong Thap, Rice (20% broken) 7487.50 8.5 3.5 2 7000 Dong Thap, Rice (25% broken) 7425.00 8.2 4.1 2.6
6500
6000 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Agroinfo
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12 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 east asia contd.
Wholesale prices of rice in Yangon, Myanmar
Latest Price Percent Change Kyat per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 600 550 Rice (Emata, EHYV-FQ) 418.65 3.1 7.2 -0.5 Rice (Emata, Manawthukha-FQ) 429.24 5.4 13.7 -22.6 500 450 400 350 300 250 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): E-Trade Myanmar
Wholesale prices of rice in Cambodia
Latest Price Percent Change Riel per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 2100 Phnom Penh 1900 1700.00 0 0 3 Kampong Chhnang 1750.00 1.7 0 1.4 1700 Banteay Meanchey 1500 1600.00 2.6 6.7 14.3 Battambang 1300 1500.00 0 7.1 15.4 1100 900 700 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Cambodia Agricultural Market Information System
Retail prices of rice and wheat flour in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Latest Price Percent Change Taka per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 50 Rice (coarse- BR-8/ 11/ Guti/ 47.30 4.4 26.1 66.1 45 Sharna) 40 Wheat ( our) 24.00 -1.2 -1 -1.8 35
30
25
20 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Department of Agriculture Marketing (DAM), Bangladesh
Retail prices of rice and wheat flour in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Latest Price Percent Change Sri Lanka Rupee per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 110 Rice (white) 82.89 4 8.2 17.2 100 Wheat ( our) 89.24 0.4 0 -4.3 90
80
70
60
50 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Department of Census and Statistics
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10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 13 cis - asia and europe
Prices of wheat remained stable in June, while those of potatoes increased sharply to record highs
In the exporting countries of the subregion, export prices of milling than their year-earlier values, mainly due to high production costs and wheat remained stable in June, with the downward pressure from currency weakness. Prices of potatoes, another staple in the subregion, low trade activity and approaching harvests offset by concerns over continued to rise in June with seasonal trends exacerbated by tight market crop conditions in key-growing areas and trends in the international supplies after last year’s reduced output. In Belarus, a key exporter in the market. In the domestic markets, prices of wheat grain firmed in subregion, prices rose sharply in May and were twice their year‑earlier the Russian Federation, reflecting worries over harvest delays and the levels, mainly due to reduced availabilities of late variety potatoes. In quality of the 2017 crops due to unfavourable weather. Prices, however, the Russian Federation, another exporter of the subregion, prices were still well below their year-earlier levels. By contrast, in Ukraine, increased by more than 25 percent in June and reached record highs, prices declined with the beginning of the harvest in southern and central more than 50 percent higher than their year-earlier levels. In the importing regions. In the importing countries of the subregion, wheat prices countries, high prices in the subregional export market and reduced 2016 were generally stable. In Kyrgyzstan, where the 2017 harvest is soon domestic outputs also pushed up potato prices in recent months. In to begin, prices of wheat flour remained virtually unchanged and well Kyrgyzstan, prices of potatoes increased further in June, although, with below their values in June last year, on account of adequate domestic the new harvest approaching, to a less extent than in the past months. supplies from last year’s good output and imports. In Tajikistan, prices Prices were at levels nearly twice those a year earlier. Prices of potatoes were also generally stable but slightly higher than a year earlier due were high also in Tajikistan, despite recent declines with the beginning to the depreciation of the currency over the past year and higher fuel of the new harvest. In Armenia, prices rose by 60 percent since the costs, which in June were more than 20 percent up year-on-year. Similarly, beginning of the year. In Azerbaijan, prices increased in May and were in Armenia, prices of wheat flour remained virtually unchanged, while nearly 35 percent higher than a year earlier. In Kazakhstan, retail prices they declined in Georgia and in both countries, prices were around their of potatoes reached record highs in June and were more than 50 percent levels in June last year. By contrast, in Azerbaijan, prices of domestically- higher than in the corresponding month last year. Prices in June were produced wheat flour increased in May and were nearly 50 percent higher reportedly at record levels also in Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
Export prices of milling wheat
Latest Price Percent Change USD per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 290 Export, Kazakhstan, Wheat 185.00 0 0 -5.9 270 (milling) 250 Export, Russian Federation, 187.80 0.4 -2.2 0.2 230 Wheat (milling, o er, f.o.b., 210 deep-sea ports) 190 Export, Ukraine, Wheat (milling, 184.80 -0.4 -2.2 0.6 170 o er, f.o.b.) 150 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): APK-Inform Agency
Retail prices of wheat flour in Kyrgyzstan
Latest Price Percent Change Som per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 36 Bishkek 29.55 0.2 1.5 -2.2 34 National Average 29.31 -1.1 -0.6 -5.5 32 Naryn 27.16 0 -7 -13.8 30 Batken 26.73 -0.5 -5.1 -6.2 28
26
24 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic
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14 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 cis - asia and europe contd.
Retail prices of wheat flour in Tajikistan
Latest Price Percent Change Somoni per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 4.1 3.9 Khujand 2.92 0 5 0.7 3.7 Kurgonteppa 3.20 -1.8 0.6 6.7 3.5 Khorugh 3.42 0.3 0.6 6.9 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan
Retail prices of potatoes in the Russian Federation
Latest Price Percent Change Russian Ruble per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 45 National Average 42.94 26.7 89.2 55.9 40
35
30
25
20
15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Federal State Statistics Service
Retail prices of potatoes in Kyrgyzstan
Latest Price Percent Change Som per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 50 45 National Average 44.92 11 48.2 62.8 40 Bishkek 46.48 13.6 48.9 53.9 35 Osh 44.98 8 37.3 86.6 30 Batken 41.67 3.1 51.5 83.7 25 20 15 10 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic
Retail prices of potatoes in Armenia
Latest Price Percent Change Armenian Dram per kg (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 300 National Average 270.41 5.8 46.6 10 250
200
150
100 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia
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10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 15 central america and the caribbean
Prices of maize and beans remain overall stable in June In most countries, ample domestic supplies and favourable prospects prices of beans followed similar trends to those of maize and remained for the 2017 main de primera harvest, beginning in late August, limited stable or increased only slightly with the downward pressure from good or offset seasonal upward pressure on maize prices and kept them domestic supplies. In El Salvador and Honduras, prices of red beans below their year-earlier levels. In El Salvador and Nicaragua, prices were unchanged and lower than a year earlier, while in Nicaragua, they weakened in June and were more than one-third below their levels a increased somewhat, mainly supported by subregional demand, but were year earlier. In Guatemala and Honduras, prices increased seasonally, still lower on an annual basis. In Costa Rica, retail prices of beans also but only moderately, and remained significantly lower than in June last remained generally stable; however, prices of black beans averaged higher year. In Costa Rica, retail prices of white maize weakened and were than a year earlier supported by the 2016 reduced harvest. In Guatemala, down from a year earlier. In Mexico, harvesting of the 2017 second where black beans are the variety mostly consumed and produced, prices season crop put downward pressure on maize prices in June, however, were relatively stable in June, with imports offsetting the seasonal upward prices of tortillas remained firm and higher than a year earlier, sustained pressure, and were only moderately above their levels a year earlier. by high producing costs. In Haiti, maize meal prices remained stable In Mexico, despite downward pressure brought by the ongoing 2017 or declined in June with the start of the main spring harvest, but in the harvest, prices of black beans, remained above their year-earlier levels, southeastern markets, the worst affected by the passage of Hurricane mainly reflecting generally low supplies following the reduced 2016/17 Matthew, they were still about 25 percent higher than a year earlier. In harvests. In Haiti, prices of red and black beans remained generally stable the Dominican Republic, maize prices declined sharply in June with the or declined in June and were well above their year-earlier levels in the new harvest, but remained at high levels after the sharp increases in the southeastern markets. In the Dominican Republic, retail prices of black past months due to reduced imports and demand from Haiti. In general, beans weakened with the beginning of the new harvest.
Wholesale prices of white maize in Central America
Latest Price Percent Change USD per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 600 550 Guatemala, Guatemala City 352.22 4.1 4.6 -11.4 500 El Salvador, San Salvador 267.30 -1.6 -0.8 -36.2 450 Honduras, Tegucigalpa 297.66 4.6 10.4 -30.7 400 Nicaragua, Managua (oriental) 282.70 -0.8 -3.7 -37.8 350 300 250 200 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentación; Dirección General de Economía Agropecuaria, MAG; SIMPAH
Wholesale prices of red beans in Central America
Latest Price Percent Change USD per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 1900 Honduras, Tegucigalpa 935.66 0.2 2.1 -13.7 1700 El Salvador, San Salvador 1123.76 -0.3 0.9 -3.2 1500 Nicaragua, Managua (oriental) 863.72 5.5 -5.1 -12.5 1300 1100 900 700 500 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): SIMPAH; Dirección General de Economía Agropecuaria, MAG
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16 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 10 July 2017 south america
Cereal prices overall stable and lower than a year earlier Prices of yellow maize declined in June in key producers, Argentina and stable in June and below their year‑earlier levels. In key producer and Brazil, with the advancement of the 2017 harvests which are expected exporter, Argentina, wheat grain prices strengthened somewhat for at a bumper level, while they remained relatively stable elsewhere. In the second consecutive month in June in line with seasonal trends general, prices were lower than in June last year, reflecting the good and were higher than a year earlier, supported by strong demand. By availabilities from the 2017 harvests and imports. In Argentina and contrast, in Brazil, prices of wheat grain and wheat flour were well Brazil, prices of yellow maize declined by some 5 percent with the below their year-earlier levels, reflecting the good 2016 harvest and ongoing harvests and were well below their year-earlier levels. In Chile, imports. In Chile, wheat prices increased slightly in June; however, high prices remained unchanged as the downward pressure from the harvest imports in the first semester of 2017 contributed to keep prices nearly was offset by a significantly-reduced output. Lower imports in the first six 10 percent lower than a year earlier. In import-dependant, Colombia, months of 2017 compared to the same period last year also contributed Ecuador and Peru, wheat flour prices remained relatively unchanged to offset the harvest pressure. In Bolivia (Plurinational State of), in June and around their levels a year earlier, with imports keeping despite the ongoing main harvest, maize prices also were relatively markets adequately supplied. In Bolivia (Plurinational State of), stable in June reflecting some concerns over the delays due to heavy prices of imported and domestically‑produced wheat flour eased in rains. However, adequate imports kept prices below those a year June and were lower than a year earlier, with the downward pressure earlier. In Peru, yellow maize prices remained unchanged and were from imports compounded by favourable prospects for this year’s crop, well below their year-earlier levels, mainly reflecting abundant imports to be harvested from September. Prices of rice declined or remained in the past months. Similarly, in Colombia, ample availabilities, mostly stable across the subregion and were lower than a year earlier, except from imports, kept prices of yellow maize down from a year earlier. In in Peru and Bolivia (Plurinational State of), where they were higher Ecuador, prices of maize declined in June with the ongoing harvest, reflecting a decline in this year’s production. InBrazil , national average although they were generally higher than a year earlier. In most countries prices of paddy continued to decline in June with the new harvest and of the subregion, prices of wheat and wheat flour remained relatively were 15 percent below the record highs of November 2016.
Wholesale prices of yellow maize in Brazil
Latest Price Percent Change Brazilian Real per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 800 São Paulo 391.41 -5 -22.3 -49.7 700 National Average 356.40 -3.6 -18.5 -51.9 600
500
400
300 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Agrolink
Wholesale prices of rice in Brazil
Latest Price Percent Change Brazilian Real per tonne (Jun-17) 1M 3M 1Y 1100 National Average, Rice (paddy) 914.52 -4.8 -6.9 0.3 1000 São Paulo, Rice (paddy) 805.83 -2.7 -15.4 -4.1 900
800
700
600 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Source(s): Agrolink
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10 July 2017 GIEWS FPMA Bulletin 17 This bulletin is prepared by the Food Price Monitoring and Analysis (FPMA) Team of the Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture (GIEWS) in the Trade and Markets Division of FAO. It contains latest information and analysis on domestic prices of basic foods mainly in developing countries, complementing FAO analysis on international markets. It provides early warning on high food prices at country level that may negatively affect food security.
This report is based on information available up to early July 2017.
All the data used in the analysis can be found in the FPMA Tool at: www.fao.org/giews/food-prices/tool/public/index. html#/home
For more information visit the FPMA Website at: www.fao.org/giews/food-prices
Enquiries may be directed to: GIEWS Food Price Monitoring and Analysis (FPMA) Team Trade and Markets Division (EST) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected]
Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
© FAO, 2017
GIEWS FPMA Bulletin | 10 July 2017 I7536EN/1/07.17