Clinical Signs and Management of Anxiety, Sleeplessness, and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Senior Pet
Clinical Signs and Management of Anxiety, Sleeplessness, and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Senior Pet a,b, Gary M. Landsberg, DVM, MRCVS *, c d,e Theresa DePorter, DVM, MRCVS , Joseph A. Araujo, BSc KEYWORDS Anxiety Behavior problems Cognitive dysfunction Fear Night waking Senior pets ASSESSING AND MAINTAINING COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL WELL-BEING Appreciation and compassion for welfare and quality of life, as well as emotional and physical well-being, is important at all stages of our patient’s lives, but this becomes particularly complicated in the management of geriatric patients, especially those facing imminent end-of-life decisions. Patience and sensitivity for the pet’s emotional state should be part of a comprehensive program for any patient; however, the geriatric hospice patient requires special consideration because changes in anxiety and cogni- tive function may be further compounded by other medical conditions, sensory percep- tion, medications, and previous learning. For example, if the pet has learned to expect pain and uncomfortable restraint during previous experiences, then the debilitated or compromised pet will be more anxious, defensive, or even aggressive rather than Disclosure: GL is an employee of, and JA is a consultant for, CanCog Technologies Inc, a contract research organization that provides cognitive and behavioral assessment of dogs and cats. a North Toronto Animal Clinic, 99 Henderson Avenue, Thornhill, ON L3T 2K9, Canada b CanCog Technologies Inc, 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON M5A 4K2, Canada c Oakland Veterinary Referral Services, 1400 South Telegraph Road, Bloomfield Hills, MI, 48302, USA d Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada e CanCog Technologies Inc, 120 Carlton Street, Suite 204, Toronto, ON M5A 4K2, Canada * Corresponding author.
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