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Feline Symposium Feline Symposium J ANUARY 2 0 1 3 In association with the North American Veterinary Conference Tuesday, January 22, 2013 The ROYAL CANIN® Feline Symposium Tuesday, January 22, 2013 Feline Symposium In association with the North American Veterinary Conference Tuesday, January 22, 2013 Objectives The 2013 ROYAL CANIN® Feline Symposium will provide a practical look at many of the most common preventive and therapeutic topics affecting feline medicine today. Experts from many fields will translate the latest diagnostic and therapeutic advancements into useful ideas that can be immediately utilized in your practice. SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Managing Differing Nutritional Needs in the Multi-Cat 8:00 – 9:15 AM M. Scherk Household 9:15 – 9:55 AM BREAK 9:55 – 10:45 AM Feline Cardiopulmonary Disease: Who’s to Blame? J. Rush Top 10 Treatment Tips for Feline Heart Disease: L. Freeman, 10:55 – 11:45 AM Feeding and Pharmacology J. Rush 11:45 AM – 1:45 PM LUNCH 1:45 – 2:35 PM Evaluating Weight Loss in Senior Cats S. Little 2:45 – 3:35 PM Nutritional Management of Endocrine Disease in Cats M. Peterson 3:35 - 3:55 BREAK S. Little, 3:55 - 4:50 Special-Needs Cats: Interactive Case Presentations M. Peterson 3 The ROYAL CANIN® Feline Symposium Tuesday, January 22, 2013 CONTENTS Managing Differing Nutritional Needs in the Multi-Cat Household 5 Margie Scherk DVM, DABVP (Feline Practice) Feline Cardiopulmonary Disease: Who’s To Blame? 10 John E. Rush, DVM, MS, DACVECC, DACVIM (Cardiology) Top 10 Treatment Tips for Feline Heart Disease: Feeding and Pharmacology 14 Lisa M. Freeman, DVM, PhD, DACVN John E. Rush, DVM, MS, DACVECC, DACVIM (Cardiology) Evaluating Weight Loss in Senior Cats 20 Susan Little, DVM, DABVP (Feline Practice) Nutritional Management of Endocrine Disease in Cats 23 Mark E. Peterson, DVM, DACVIM Special-Needs Cats 29 Susan Little, DVM, DABVP (Feline Practice) Mark E. Peterson, DVM, DACVIM Tuesday, January 22, 2013 The ROYAL CANIN® Feline Symposium 4 Managing Differing Nutritional Needs in the Multi-Cat Household Margie Scherk DVM, DABVP (Feline Practice) catsINK, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Margie graduated from the Ontario Veterinary College in 1982. In 1986 she opened Cats Only Veterinary Clinic in Vancouver, Canada practicing there until 2008. She achieved ABVP Board certification in feline practice in 1995 and published several clinical trials whilst in practice. She has written numerous book chapters and is an active international speaker as well as enjoying teaching on-line. She is Co-editor of the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. Margie has served extensively in the American Association of Feline Practitioners as well other veterinary organizations. Her interests include all things feline, but in particular, analgesia, the peculiarities of the feline digestive system and enabling more positive interactions with cats. MULTIPLE CATS, MULTIPLE NEEDS food doesn’t stop them from killing birds or mice, it merely makes them gain weight. Most cats needs 10-15 attempts to be The goal within a multi-cat household is to: 1) achieve a feeding successful at killing prey, thus the drive to “eye, stalk, pounce strategy that puts no one at risk nutritionally having the base/ and kill” is permanently turned-on to avoid starvation. The common denominator diet available to everyone, as well as average mouse provides 30-35 kcal of energy. Needing 50 kcal/ to 2) meet any additional individual nutritional needs of each kg ideal weight/day, the 5 kg cat needs 250 kcal or 8 mouse- member of the group as closely as possible twice a day behind sized portions/day. These meals are spread out throughout the closed doors. This requires analyzing the clowder’s nutritional day, not consumed all at once. needs, personalities and physical abilities. Feeding twice a day or having a bowl that is never empty are not In order to determine what doesn’t put anyone at risk, we need “natural” ways for cats to eat. A 30 kcal meal is approximately to think about what disease condition is most responsive to 10 pieces of an average maintenance dry food; even eating or, the reverse, most damaged by feeding the wrong diet. In 10 extra pieces/day results in a 10% (1 lb) weight gain/year. other words, which cat is most fragile, from a nutritional point Our need for interaction with our cats also contributes to of view? Cats are obligate carnivores. This concept is central obesity. Cats generally interact with us frequently and at a low to understanding the nutritional needs of cats and planning intensity/casually; people generally want fewer, more intense/ dietary therapies for health disorders, especially when dealing focused periods of interaction with them. Eating is not a social with multiple cats with differing health considerations. We activity for cats. We may feel like a bad provider or rejected if need to review basic nutritional needs of this species before we our cats don’t eat their food eagerly and seek second helpings. can decide what modifications can be made safely. And, because their meals are so small, we misunderstand and want them to eat more. We try different diets until we have FOOD, FEEDING AND NUTRITION IN A FELINE “evidence “ that they enjoy their food. We train them to ask CONTEXT for food and they train us to respond to their boredom or other unmet needs by feeding them. Cats diverged from dogs approximately 30 million years ago, evolving metabolically into obligate carnivores with unique Opportunities to express hunting behaviour are a basic need strategies for the utilization of protein and amino acids, fats for a cat. If a cat doesn’t have the opportunity to hunt, toys and vitamins. This concept must be at the centre of trying meeting appropriate criteria are small (prey-sized), make high- to understand the nutritional needs of cats and planning pitched squeaks or cheeps and move in a rapid, unpredictable dietary therapies for health disorders. Domestic cats have fashion. The Indoor Pet Initiative offers an informative not evolved from the wild cat model. They are anatomically piece on choosing the correct toy for an individual cat: and physiologically adapted to eating as many as 10-20 small http://indoorpet.osu.edu/cats/basicneeds/preypref/index.cfm. meals, (a reflection of their hunting behaviour), throughout the Allowing them to hunt for their food (bowl) or using a feeding day and night. This allows them to hunt and eat when their toy are mentally stimulating activities. Examples of feeding prey are active. Small rodents make up the majority of their toys include: diet, with rabbits, birds, insects, frogs and reptiles making • Multivet Slim Cat (http://www.petsafe.net/Products/ up a smaller proportion. The average mouse provides ~8% Feeders/SlimCat.aspx) of an average feral (i.e. active, unaltered) cat’s requirements. • Cat Activity Fun Board (http://www.traininglines.co.uk/ Repeated hunting throughout a 24-hour period is needed to cat-activity-fun-board-3397-0.html) meet this need, resulting in the normal grazing behaviour of domestic cats. • Go!Cat!Go! Play-N-Treat balls Being obligate carnivores has affected everything about cats: • FUNkitty Egg-Cersizer: (http://www.premier.com) their hunting behaviour; that they eat many small meals a day • Aikiou Stimulo (http://aikiou.com/stimulo-cat-bowls-and- alone; the small size of their stomach; their lack of salivary feeders/) amylase; their social structure. Cats are hunters, yet the drive to hunt is independent from the need to eat. Hence, feeding more 5 The ROYAL CANIN® Feline Symposium Tuesday, January 22, 2013 Managing Differing Nutritional Needs in the Multi-Cat Household Cats are very sensitive to the feel of a food (physical form), its Feeding for life-stage or using therapeutic diets as part of odor and taste. They eat their prey head-first. This is a tactile disease management response to the sensation from the direction of the hair/feathers. Let’s apply this overview of very basic nutrition and feline Most cats prefer foods that are solid and moist, like flesh, not feeding facts to a multi-cat home with multiple nutritional needs powdery, sticky or greasy. They prefer their food at fresh-killed to a household consisting of the following eleven individuals: body temperature rather than room temperature or out of the refrigerator or hot. 1. An elderly cat with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Stage 3 renal insufficiency While other species are able to rest their metabolic pathways from the efforts of glucose (energy) synthesis when they have 2. A thin, arthritic cat been fed, cats must continue gluconeogenesis in both the fed 3. A 4 month old healthy kitten and fasted states. When anorectic, they catabolize body proteins. Protein supplementation during fasting will slow hepatic lipid 4. A 2 year old healthy cat accumulation. Urea cycle enzymes in the liver of cats are always 5. A 7 year old obese cat (BCS 8/9) „turned on“. Adult cats have a much higher requirement for 6. An adult cat with “IBD” who vomits and gets diarrhea readily protein than dogs or humans. Expressed as a percentage of diet, adult cats need 29% vs. the adult canine requirement of 12% or 7. A 10 year old cat with diabetes. the human need for 8%. Over the long-term, cats can adapt to 8. A 7 year old chronically constipated cat lower protein diets and use carbohydrates as an alternate energy source. 9. A 9 year old cat with CaOx history Under stressful situations, cats will refuse a novel food; under 10. A 2 year old cat with struvite crystalluria other circumstances, the same cat may be very adventuresome 11.
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