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Biopetrological Study of Coals from Ramagundam Coalfield, Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Biopetrological Study of Coals from Ramagundam Coalfield, Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India Biopetrological study of coals from Ramagundam Coalfield, Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India Omprakash S. Sarate Sarate os 1996. Biopetrological study of coals from Ramagundam Coalfield, Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. Palaeobotantst 43(3) : 122-138. A detailed petrographic study of eight coal seams from Ramagundam Coalfield, Andlll'a Pradesh is presented here. The top section of coal seam I A, I, II, III A, III and IV contains workable thickness. Reflectance study has revealed that the seams IA (middle), III B, III A, III (top) and IV contain coal of high volatile bituminous C rank. Coal seams IA (top and bOllom parts), I, II and III (middle) seams/part their of are constituted by alternate coal bands of high volatile bituminous C and high volatile bituminous B rank. Besides, coal seam III and coal bands present below I seam have attained intermediate stage (high volatile bituminous C to sub-bituminous A) and high volatile bituminous C rank. Index seam is represented by coal of high volatile bituminous C and intermediate stage ofthe rank. The maceral study has revealed that the different seams are characterized mostly by the dominance of collinite maceral. Occasionally cracks in the vitrinite bands are filled either by clay or pyrite (grains/fram­ ooids) minerals. Exinite is represented by the microspores and megaspores of variable shape and size, sporangia, seeds, resin bodies, tenui and crassi-cutinites and algal elements. Inertinite Group is characterized by fusinite, semifusinite, inertodetrinite, sclerotinite and pyro-and degrado-fusinite macerals. Transition from vitrinite to semifusinite and semifusinite to fusinite is frequently observed. The microlithotype analysis has shown that the shaly coal, bright coal and dull coal have characteristic composition. These coals have been grouped under three categories as vitric, fusic and mixed (vitro-fusic and fuso-vitric) type. It is inferred that the Sight of deposition has been a tectonically controlled slowly sinking basin. Key-words--Biopetrology, Lower Gondwana coals, Ramagundam Coalfield, Godavari Basin, India. Omprakash S. Sarate, Department of Biodiagenesis, Birbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany, 53 University Road, LucJmow 226 007, India. mmt aiy ~ ~ ~ siluft ~ OQl1Sq ~-~ a; ~ ~ Jlq~'fMCfllq 3l'.t:rlH ~~ .-:U\IIU::LIQi ~ ~ ~ ~-~it a:mr ~ it {lqI1$q ~-mq,13TIO ~-mGf ~ ~ ~ff1ctllll fcf;<rr Tf<n I ~~~~ it~C4It)q~R<.1 ~-U~~:mit~11lit~I~Wt1~~. (1iU{), ~oit., ~~., ~ ~ m. CfiTg it~ ~ I ~ 3lftrttm ~-Wt1 ~~., Jf~ ,ftft7.l ~ ~ it ~ C41t)q~R(1 m. ~~ cHt)q~A<.1 ~oit. CfiTgq,1~~~W<IT~1~Wt1~~~Wt1it~~ ~ lfECfl1~~~qlt)q~A<.1~m.CfiTgit~I~Wt1~qlt)q~R<.1~m.~l1UmCfiTg ~ ~~ ~~ f.f;~ ~ ~I fq{l"i1~2 Cl>l ~ I -UCXffii mit 'hlct1"ilg -U>l'1TClT w:i: it fcw1R ~~m~-uw.rcn~-U'R1sl~Il!;Cf'i1l"i1~2~Q4'l"1IUjan·, !l(i4'l"1 IUjan' , 4'l"1IUj'tlI~l(j, ofNIT, 00 ~ ~ If<Pll''iI~2, i1l{llf1;;f)"i1~2, ~"i2f~F{"i1~2, fCf(.:hlfl"iI~2 ~ ~ ~I ~"icT"iI~2 (fen ~qlct111 -U ~ ~{l"i1~2 il~lf1'il1"i1~2 (f~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~!lsllf1;;f)"i1~2 -U I it -U i1ti1lf<l;Jf!"iIS2 -U lf1;;f)"i1~2~~-U~cit~~1 ~~~, ~~~>rcWit~itm, ...... ~~~I~~-UCXffii~~f.f;~~itHMit~~~~-W~~~?ft1 RAMAGl.1NDAM Coalfield represents a tract having tenstlcs. Therefore, maceral, microlithotype and eight coal seams, out ofwhich five are commercially reflectance analyses of all the eight coal seams inter­ explOited. However, meagre information is so far sected in a Bore-hole no. 732 from Ramagundam available regarding their biopetrological charac- Coalfield have been carried out. SARATE-BIOPETROLOGICAL STUDY OF COALS FROM RAMAGUNDAM COALFIELD 123 GENERAL GEOLOGY Godavari Basin contains almost a continuous se­ quence of sediments from Permian t9 Lower The existence of coal deposits within Lower Cretaceous periods, which include terrestrial, marine Gondwana sequence of Godavari Basin was and paralic deposits. Characteristic floral and faunal recorded by Walker (1841) near Kota (18°54' : 79°58'), records, marine signatures and tectonic events are followed by extensive geological work by Wall also described (Kutti et al., 1970). Godavari Valley (1857), Blanford (1871), King (1872, 1881), Hughes has a general NNW-SSE trend. About 55 km wide (1877, 1878) and Raja Rao (982). Ramanamurthy Lower Gondwana sequence is spread in an area of (1985) proposed the following classification for tlie approximately 17,000 sq km between the latitudes lithological sequence of Ramagundam-Mantheni 16° 38' and 19° 32' and longitudes 79° 12' and 81° area. 39'. The Lower Gondwana exposure at the con­ Age Group formation General Lithology Maximum fluence of Wardha and Wainganga rivers near thickness (m) Anantnag Village in Adilabad District of Maharashtra Late U M Upper Mainly vermilion clays 200 represents the northernmost extension of the basin. Lower PA with subordinate Whereas, the Lower Gondwana sequence at Eluru in to P L sandstones and lime Middle EE Middle pellet rocks 200 the East Coast of Andhra Pradesh demarcates its Triassic R R Dominantly argillaceous eastern limit. The area is drained by two major rivers I sandstones with Pranhita and Godavari, henceforth, within Andhra Lower variegated clasts (forms 200 Pradesh it is described as Pranhita-Godavari Valley low hillocks) Dominantly brown sandy Coalfield and in Maharashtra the Wardha-Godavari clays Coalfield. G The Singareni collieries Company Limited has 0 developed Godavari Khani township to execute coal N D exploitation which is about 10 km east of Ramagun­ W dam Railway station on Nagpur Kazipet line of the ?Upper A Upper ferruginous sandstone 400 south-central railway, in Karirnnagar District, Andhra Permian N K with subordinate clays to Early AA (forms prominent hill Pradesh. Ramagundam-Godavari belt is spread in an Triassic M ranges) area of nearly 500 sq km, between the north latitudes ------Unconformity------ 18° 33' to 18° 51' and east longitudes 79° 24' to 79° L T Middle Sandstone and shales 1000 50' with Godavari River demarcating its northern and 0 H WI north eastern limit while, Maneru River near the Lad­ E Lower Sandstones with 200 napuram Village marks its southern and south eastern R subordinate shale and extension. coal seams Barakar Formation- All the coal seams inter­ Barren Coarse to pebbly 450 ± 50 Measures felspathic sandstone with sected in Bore-hole no. 732 are assigned to Barakar subordinate clays Formation on the basis of lithological characters. The Permian G Barakar Dominantly sandstones 300 contact between the Talchir and overlying Barakar o with seven regionally Formation is gradational. The Barakar succession has N persistent coal seams and D subordinate shales been divided into upper and lower members on the W Talchir Greenish sandstones, 200 basis of distinct lithological characteristics. The A ciays/shales Barakar sediments from the base up to the floor of IV N conglomerates and seam with a thickness of 105-140 m are mostly char­ A boulders Sullavi & --------Disconformity---- acterized by white, medium to coarse grained Pakhal White to brown felspathic sandstones which are calcareous at places. sandstones, shales, It also includes thin coal and shale bands. However, phyllites, dolomites -----Non-<:onformity--- the sediments at the floor of IV seam up to Barakar­ Archaean Granite with dolerite, Barren Measure contact constitute the upper member quartz and pegmatite with a maximum thickness of 160-200 m. It is charac­ intrusives terized by the predOminance of medium to very 124 THE PALAEOBOTANIST coarse grained white profusely cross bedded Table I-lithological details ofBore-hole no. 732, Shaft Block 0, sandstones with micaceous shale, siltstone and six Ramagundam Coalfield, Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh workable coal seams. Depth Lithology Seam Pellet MATERIAL AND METHODS (in meter) no. The coal samples have been collected from bore­ 419.60-422.60 Sandstone with quartz pebbles hole no. 732, located at about 2.5-3 km NNW of 422.60-422.83 Dark grey shale Kannal Village (Map 1, Table 1, Text-figure 1). This 422.83-423.14 Bright coal with vitrain and lA (Top section) 732/1 bore-hole displays the existence of eight coal seams fusain bands at places 422.83-423.95 as detailed below. 423.14-423.42 Shaly coal (1.12 m) 423.42-423.95 Bright coal With vitrain and 73212 fusain bands '{:oal, seam Depth (in meters) 1. IA (Top section) 422.83 - 423.95 0.12) 423.95-424.47 Dark grey shale IA (Middle section) 426.65 - 426.98 (0.33) 424.47-424.64 Sandy shale IA (Bonom section) 427.60 - 428.18 (058) 424.64-425.60 Grey·white sandstone 2. I 455.34 - 461.25 (5.91) 425.60-426.17 Dark grey shale 3 1I 481.84 - 485.60 (3.76) 426.17-426.26 Bright coal with vitrain and 732/3 4. II1B 499.34 - 500.25 (0.91) fusain bands 5. Index 505.98 - 506.40 (0.42) 426.26-426.65 Clay (grey) lA (Middle 6 IlIA 525.82 - 527.05 0.23) sectin) 7. III 54502 - 555.30 (028) 426.65-426.78 Bright coal with vitrain and 42665-426.98 732/4 fusain bands (0.33 m) 8. IY 567.73 - 570.65 (2.92) 426.78-426.91 Clay Below I seam four thin (7-16 cm) coal bands are present between 480.10-481.02m. 426.91-426.98 Shaly coal 732/5 ~ 426.98-427.60 Grey shale ---------- 427.60-428.18 Bright coal With fusain and lA (Bonom 732/6 ·;::· ..,··... ·· vitrain bands section) 427.60- o.~ §'OO 428.18 1.00 '1' .- 428.18-428.85 Clay (grey) (0.58 m) II ~:'Y:¥'¥l 1.S0 mlttrr '80 .2 1 n LEGEND 428.85-454.50 Sandstone '1~ EJ Sondstonr w I ------I ~l § Sandy 'hal. 454.50-454.59 Shaly coal 732/7 E] Sholr I Corb_shollt ,16 _ ··--1 454.59-455.34 Grey clay 1 '81 1~ DCloy '17~ 16 B Sholy (001 455.34-455.60 Bright coal I Seam 732/8 .Cool 455.60-456.74 Bright coal with vilrain bands 455.34-46125 732/9 '83 '18...
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