The Impact of Health Reform on Health System Spending
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China's Health System Reform and Global Health Strategy in The
Testimony China’s Health System Reform and Global Health Strategy in the Context of COVID-19 Jennifer Bouey CT-A321-1 Testimony presented before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission on May 7, 2020. C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CTA321-1.html Testimonies RAND testimonies record testimony presented or submitted by RAND associates to federal, state, or local legislative committees; government-appointed commissions and panels; and private review and oversight bodies. ChapterTitle 1 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation RA® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. www.rand.org China’s Health System Reform and Global Health Strategy in the Context of COVID-19 Testimony of Jennifer Bouey1 The RAND Corporation2 Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission May 7, 2020 hairman Cleveland, Commissioner Lee, and members of the Commission, thank you for inviting me to assess China’s pandemic-related issues regarding its public health C system, health care system, and global health strategy in the context of COVID-19. -
The French Health Care System
The french health care system The french health care system VICTOR RODWIN PROFESSOR OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT WAGNER SCHOOL OF PUBLIC SERVICE, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY NEW YORK, USA ABSTRACT: The French health care system is a model of national health insurance (NHI) that provides health care coverage to all legal residents. It is an example of public social security and private health care financing, combined with a public-private mix in the provision of health care services. The French health care system reflects three underlying political values: liberalism, pluralism and solidarity. This article provides a brief overview of how French NHI evolved since World War II; its financing health care organization and coverage; and most importantly, its overall performance. ntroduction. Evolution, coverage, financing and organization The French health care system is a model of national health Evolution: French NHI evolved in stages and in response to Iinsurance (NHI) that provides health care coverage to all legal demands for extension of coverage. Following its original passage, residents. It is not an example of socialized medicine, e.g. Cuba. in 1928, the NHI program covered salaried workers in industry and It is not an example of a national health service, as in the United commerce whose wages were under a low ceiling (Galant, 1955). Kingdom, nor is it an instance of a government-run health care In 1945, NHI was extended to all industrial and commercial workers system like the United States Veterans Health Administration. and their families, irrespective of wage levels. The extension of French NHI, in contrast, is an example of public, social security and coverage took the rest of the century to complete. -
Expensive Patients, Reinsurance, and the Future of Health Care Reform
Emory Law Journal Volume 69 Issue 6 2020 Expensive Patients, Reinsurance, and the Future of Health Care Reform Govind Persad Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj Recommended Citation Govind Persad, Expensive Patients, Reinsurance, and the Future of Health Care Reform, 69 Emory L. J. 1153 (2020). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol69/iss6/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory Law Journal by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PERSAD_8.21.20 8/24/2020 11:43 AM EXPENSIVE PATIENTS, REINSURANCE, AND THE FUTURE OF HEALTH CARE REFORM Govind Persad* ABSTRACT In 2017, Americans spent over $3.4 trillion—nearly 18% of gross domestic product—on health care. This spending is unevenly distributed: Almost a quarter is spent on the costliest 1% of patients, and almost half on the costliest 5%. Most of these patients soon return to a lower percentile, but many continue to incur health care costs in the top percentiles year after year. This Article focuses on the challenges that persistently expensive patients present for health law and policy, and how fairly dividing their medical costs among payers illuminates fundamental normative choices about the design and reform of health insurance. In doing so, this Article draws on bioethical and health policy analyses of the fair distribution of medical costs, and examines how legal doctrine shapes health systems’ options for responding to expensive patients. -
Addressing Health Care Market Consolidation and High Prices the Role of the States
HEALTH POLICY CENTER RESEARCH REPORT Addressing Health Care Market Consolidation and High Prices The Role of the States Robert A. Berenson Jaime S. King Katherine L. Gudiksen Roslyn Murray URBAN INSTITUTE UC HASTINGS LAW UC HASTINGS LAW GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY Adele Shartzer URBAN INSTITUTE January 2020 ABOUT THE URBAN INSTITUTE The nonprofit Urban Institute is a leading research organization dedicated to developing evidence-based insights that improve people’s lives and strengthen communities. For 50 years, Urban has been the trusted source for rigorous analysis of complex social and economic issues; strategic advice to policymakers, philanthropists, and practitioners; and new, promising ideas that expand opportunities for all. Our work inspires effective decisions that advance fairness and enhance the well-being of people and places. Copyright © January 2020. Urban Institute. Permission is granted for reproduction of this file, with attribution to the Urban Institute. Cover image by Tim Meko. Contents Acknowledgments iv Executive Summary v 1. Introduction 1 2. Employee Retirement Income Security’s Act 8 3. State Efforts to Promote Transparency 11 4. State Efforts to Regulate Consolidation and Promote Competition 17 5. State Options for Overseeing and Regulating Prices 44 6. Conclusion 68 Notes 69 References 79 About the Authors 86 Statement of Independence 87 Acknowledgments This report was funded by the Commonwealth Fund. We are grateful to them and to all our funders, who make it possible for Urban to advance its mission. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Urban Institute or UC Hastings Law, its trustees, or its funders. -
Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel
Core Concepts for Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel 1 Presenter Russ Olmsted, MPH, CIC Director, Infection Prevention & Control Trinity Health, Livonia, MI Contributions by Heather M. Gilmartin, NP, PhD, CIC Denver VA Medical Center University of Colorado Laraine Washer, MD University of Michigan Health System 2 Learning Objectives • Outline the importance of effective hand hygiene for protection of healthcare personnel and patients • Describe proper hand hygiene techniques, including when various techniques should be used 3 Why is Hand Hygiene Important? • The microbes that cause healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be transmitted on the hands of healthcare personnel • Hand hygiene is one of the MOST important ways to prevent the spread of infection 1 out of every 25 patients has • Too often healthcare personnel do a healthcare-associated not clean their hands infection – In fact, missed opportunities for hand hygiene can be as high as 50% (Chassin MR, Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2015; Yanke E, Am J Infect Control, 2015; Magill SS, N Engl J Med, 2014) 4 Environmental Surfaces Can Look Clean but… • Bacteria can survive for days on patient care equipment and other surfaces like bed rails, IV pumps, etc. • It is important to use hand hygiene after touching these surfaces and at exit, even if you only touched environmental surfaces Boyce JM, Am J Infect Control, 2002; WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, WHO, 2009 5 Hands Make Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) and Other Microbes Mobile (Image from CDC, Vital Signs: MMWR, 2016) 6 When Should You Clean Your Hands? 1. Before touching a patient 2. -
Health Care Reform Preventive Services Coding Guide
Health Care Reform Preventive Services Coding Guide The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (HCERA) has designated the services listed below as preventive benefits and available with no cost-sharing when provided by an in-network provider for members of non-grandfathered health plans. In addition to the services listed below, your patient may have additional preventive care benefits covered under their health plan that may or may not be covered at 100%. Your patient should check their benefit booklet for details on these additional preventive care benefits. The following tables provide a quick reference guide for submitting claims for preventive services with a “well-person” diagnosis code as the primary (first) diagnosis on the claim. This information is intended as a reference tool for your convenience and is not a guarantee of payment. This guide is subject to change based on new or revised laws and/or regulations, additional guidance and/or BCBSNC medical policy. IMPORTANT INFORMATION: Services must be billed with the appropriate diagnosis, at the line level of the claim (Block 24E), pursuant to industry standard coding guidelines. Preventive or screening services are intended for those who currently exhibit no signs or symptoms of disease. Services otherwise deemed preventive that are received in an inpatient setting, an emergency room, or that include additional procedures or diagnostic services may be subject to copayment, deductible and coinsurance. Submitting screening service codes (CPT, HCPCs, ICD-9 or ICD-10) when signs or symptoms are present constitutes inappropriate coding which could result in recoupment of monies paid to the provider for those services. -
Chapter 9: Monitoring, Surveillance, and Investigation of Health Threats
Chapter 9: Monitoring, surveillance, and investigation of health threats SUMMARY POINTS · Monitoring, surveillance and investigation of health threats are vital capabilities for an effective health system. The International Health Regulations (2005) require countries to maintain an integrated, national system for public health surveillance and response, and set out the core capabilities that countries are required to achieve. · Systematic monitoring of serious infectious diseases and other conditions is typically achieved through notifiable diseases legislation based on clinical observation and laboratory confirmation. Clinical and laboratory-based surveillance also provides the basis for systematic collection of vital statistics (births, deaths, causes of death), and may extend to the reporting and analysis of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and injuries. Systematic collection of these data informs the allocation of resources and facilitates evaluation of community-based and population-level prevention strategies. · Clinical and laboratory surveillance are passive systems that may be enhanced by sentinel surveillance and/or community-based surveillance strategies that rely on a wider range of people, including non-medical personnel. Suspected cases identified in this way must be treated with respect, protected from discrimination, with diagnosis confirmed by qualified health workers at the earliest opportunity. · A significant degree of stigma may attach to some diseases, such as HIV, sexually transmitted infections and diabetes. Notifiable diseases legislation should require the protection of personal information, and clearly define any exceptions. Concerns about discrimination and breach of privacy may be addressed by requiring certain diseases to be reported on an anonymous or de- identified basis. · In some countries, legislation or regulations may be used to establish or enhance a comprehensive public health surveillance system. -
Pharmacovigilance in the European Union
Michael Kaeding Julia Schmälter · Christoph Klika Pharmacovigilance in the European Union Practical Implementation across Member States Pharmacovigilance in the European Union Michael Kaeding · Julia Schmälter Christoph Klika Pharmacovigilance in the European Union Practical Implementation across Member States Prof. Dr. Michael Kaeding Julia Schmälter Christoph Klika Universität Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Deutschland ISBN 978-3-658-17275-6 ISBN 978-3-658-17276-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-17276-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017932440 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017. This book is published open access. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Stanford Health Policy Phd Handbook
2016- 2017 STANFORD HEALTH A supplement to be used POLICY in conjunction with the Stanford Bulletin and the PHD Stanford Graduate Academic Policies and PROGRAM Procedures Handbook Stanford University School of Medicine STANFORD HEALTH POLICY PHD HANDBOOK Revised 11/2016. The department reserves the right to make changes at any time without prior notice. Stanford Health Policy PhD Handbook 2016-2017 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................................... 3 PURPOSE OF THIS HANDBOOK ................................................................................................................. 4 STANFORD BULLETIN ................................................................................................................................ 4 GRADUATE ACADEMIC POLICIES AND PROCEDURES (GAP) ..................................................................... 4 PROGRAM INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................ 5 PROGRAM COMMITTEE, DIRECTORS & MANAGERS ................................................................................ 5 Program Director .................................................................................................................................. 5 Program Director -
Drug Policy 101: Pharmaceutical Marketing Tactics
Institute for Health Policy Drug Policy 101: Pharmaceutical Marketing Tactics This brief describes the types of marketing tactics that pharmaceutical companies use and the adverse impacts those tactics can have on patients, clinicians, and the health care system. Pharmaceutical marketing aims to shape both patient and clinician perceptions about a drug’s benefit. However, prescription drugs are not typical consumer products. Patients rely heavily on conversations with and advice from clinicians to make decisions, including when faced with choices about whether and which drugs are appropriate treatment options. In addition, patients often do not know the true cost of a prescription drug as it is often subsidized by insurance. Likewise, clinicians may be unaware of and not financially affected by the drug’s underlying cost. Therefore, they might not take into account considerable disparities in price between different, but comparably effective, options for patients. As a result, both patients and clinicians are often insulated from the direct financial impact of selecting a higher-priced product. Due to these dynamics, pharmaceutical marketing can significantly impact patient and clinician decisions that then greatly affect outcomes, in addition to draining government and health care Pharmaceutical companies spend billions system resources. on marketing $20.3B Marketing tactics can drive overprescribing through higher doses and longer courses of treatment than are necessary, as well as overuse $15.6B of newer, higher-priced drugs instead -
John Snow, Cholera and the Mystery of the Broad Street Pump PDF Book Well Written and Easy to Read, Despite of the Heavy Subject
THE MEDICAL DETECTIVE: JOHN SNOW, CHOLERA AND THE MYSTERY OF THE BROAD STREET PUMP PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Sandra Hempel | 304 pages | 06 Aug 2007 | GRANTA BOOKS | 9781862079373 | English | London, United Kingdom The Medical Detective: John Snow, Cholera and the Mystery of the Broad Street Pump PDF Book Well written and easy to read, despite of the heavy subject. When people didb't believe the doctor who proposed the answer and suggested a way to stop the spread of such a deadly disease, I wanted to scream in frustration! He first published his theory in an essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera , [21] followed by a more detailed treatise in incorporating the results of his investigation of the role of the water supply in the Soho epidemic of Snow did not approach cholera from a scientific point of view. Sandra Hempel. John Snow. The city had widened the street and the cesspit was lost. He showed that homes supplied by the Southwark and Vauxhall Waterworks Company , which was taking water from sewage-polluted sections of the Thames , had a cholera rate fourteen times that of those supplied by Lambeth Waterworks Company , which obtained water from the upriver, cleaner Seething Wells. Sandra Hempel did a fantastic job with grabbing attention of the reader and her experience with journalism really shows itself in this book. He then repeated the procedure for the delivery of her daughter three years later. View 2 comments. Episode 6. The author did a wonderful job of keeping me interested in what could have been a fairly dry subject. -
Eugenics and Domestic Science in the 1924 Sociological Survey of White Women in North Queensland
This file is part of the following reference: Colclough, Gillian (2008) The measure of the woman : eugenics and domestic science in the 1924 sociological survey of white women in North Queensland. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/5266 THE MEASURE OF THE WOMAN: EUGENICS AND DOMESTIC SCIENCE IN THE 1924 SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WHITE WOMEN IN NORTH QUEENSLAND Thesis submitted by Gillian Beth COLCLOUGH, BA (Hons) WA on February 11 2008 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Arts and Social Sciences James Cook University Abstract This thesis considers experiences of white women in Queensland‟s north in the early years of „white‟ Australia, in this case from Federation until the late 1920s. Because of government and health authority interest in determining issues that might influence the health and well-being of white northern women, and hence their families and a future white labour force, in 1924 the Institute of Tropical Medicine conducted a comprehensive Sociological Survey of White Women in selected northern towns. Designed to address and resolve concerns of government and medical authorities with anxieties about sanitation, hygiene and eugenic wellbeing, the Survey used domestic science criteria to measure the health knowledge of its subjects: in so doing, it gathered detailed information about their lives. Guided by the Survey assessment categories, together with local and overseas literature on racial ideas, the thesis examines salient social and scientific concerns about white women in Queensland‟s tropical north and in white-dominated societies elsewhere and considers them against the oral reminiscences of women who recalled their lives in the North for the North Queensland Oral History Project.