! The Development Process of Fish Bypasses at Wanapum and Priest Rapids Dams on the Columbia River ! ! ! ! ! Curt Dotson, Grant County PUD Wanapum and Priest Rapids Dams Juvenile Fish Bypasses:

• Wanapum Fish Bypass Juvenile Fish Bypasses:

• Wanapum Fish Bypass -

■ Priest Rapids Fish Bypass Work with a “Team Approach” of the PRCC and Grant PUD Project Objectives

• The objective of the project was to assist Grant PUD in meetings the requirements of the NMFS 2008 BIOP, which were included in the FERC License Order ! • Increase smolt passage survival, reduce spill, increase generation potential, reduce total dissolved gas. Overview – Developing Downstream Passage Options

• For successful passage, a design must: • Identify and utilize location of migration corridor • Consider behavior and biomechanical ability of species to pass • Match hydraulic cues from passage device to migration corridor, behavior and ability • Integrate project operations and hydrology • Avoid passing through dangerous routes SUMMARY OF 2003 FISH PASSAGE ALTERNATIVES STUDY REPORT

Priest Rapids TS-7 Moderately Moderately NA Low Low Moderate High High Water Use TDG Proximity to Salmonid Paths Flow Competition Source of Bypass Water Accelerations Zone of Influence Tailrace Egress Observed Survival Observed FPE Successful Prototyping Incremental Implementation Adult Fallback Constructability Construction Impacts Cost Ranking

Average Ranking “TOOLS” USED IN DESIGN AND EVALUATION PROCESS

Acoustic tagged fish Fish passage routes and survival Fish behavioral characteristics CFD models of forebay and tailrace Flow patterns Velocities and accelerations Zones of influence Physical hydraulic models of forebay, tailrace and bypass Flow observations Numerical fish surrogate (NFS) model Estimate of fish passage routes “Team Approach” Agencies & Tribes (PRCC) at IIHR

• Picture of agencies at IIHR Priest Rapids Dam Forebay Velocities and Streamlines Powerhouse Units 1 to 10 at 16 Kcfs each Total Flow 160 Kcfs Modeling Work

• Approach patterns • Entrance shaping • Entrance location Status of Design Concept 10 and Concept 11

Concept 10 Concept 11 • Located in Future Unit 11 • Located in Future Unit 11 • 20,000 cfs • 20,000 cfs • Opening 18.5 feet by 84.8 feet • Opening 59.0 feet by 83.2 feet • Entrance velocity at dam face 12.75 fps • Entrance velocity at dam face 4.1 fps • Exit velocity about 65 to 70 fps • Exit conditions similar to Concept 10 • Exit width of 90 feet • Exit width of 117 feet Top Spill Configuration

Approach velocities for Concepts 10 are similar to the 20 kcfs top spill bulkhead ! Velocity gradients for Concepts 10 are similar to the top spill bulkhead Acoustic Tags for Tracking 2004 Acoustic Tag Study

Top Spill Fish (F1608)

DRAFT 2004 Acoustic Tag Study

Powerhouse Only

DRAFT Status of Design Concept 10 and Concept 11

Concept 10 Concept 11 • Located in Future Unit 11 • Located in Future Unit 11 • 20,000 cfs • 20,000 cfs • Opening 18.5 feet by 84.8 feet • Opening 59.0 feet by 83.2 feet • Entrance velocity at dam face 12.75 fps • Entrance velocity at dam face 4.1 fps • Exit velocity about 65 to 70 fps • Exit conditions similar to Concept 10 • Exit width of 90 feet • Exit width of 117 feet Modeling Work Tailrace Model • Review of egress patterns • Erosion assessment • Spreader design Agencies & Tribes (PRCC) in Iowa Modeling Work Sectional Model • Gate design • Spreader design Wanapum Future Unit Fish Bypass Project (WFUFB) Upstream View – No Water Downstream View Downstream View – No Water Construction on the Wanapum Fish Bypass

April 30, 2008

Project Features • Nominal full bypass flow of 20,000 cfs • Vertical and inclined gates to set lower flow rates (15 kcfs, 10 kcfs, 5 kcfs and Sluice) • Finished opening through concrete is 18.5 feet wide • Length of 290 feet upstream/downstream • Exit chute width of 90 feet • Discharge flow spread and elevated to minimize total dissolved gas (TDG) and tailrace scour Acoustic Tags for Tracking Results:

Fish Passage Efficiency Fish Survival

2010 2010

Steelhead: 77% 99% Sockeye: 78% 98% How Did We Do ??

Total Dam Year Powerhouse Surface Spill Spillway Passage

Top-spill Bulkhead 45% pass. ! 17% pass. 2006 83% surv. 26% pass. 90% surv. 87.3% 98% surv.

WFUFB 21% pass. n/a% pass. 2010 77% pass. 92% surv. n/a% surv. 96.6% 99% surv. Benefits from the Wanapum Fish Bypass • Increased survival rates for juvenile salmon past Wanapum Dam • Fulfils requirements of the License and its ! associated mandates and obligations • Lower TDG levels when fish spill is taking place ! • More water available for power generation during the salmonid smolt out-migration Priest Rapids Fish Bypass Objectives:

➢ Assist Grant PUD in meetings the requirements of the NMFS 2008 BIOP, which were included in the FERC License Order ➢ Increase smolt survival, reduce spill, increase generation potential, reduce total dissolved gas. Base Case – Section at 30 ft depth 450 ft Training Wall – 10 ft deep

450 ft Training Wall – 30 ft deep 450 ft Training Wall – 50 ft deep Bay 22 1.8 kcfs Bay 21 6.8 kcfs Bay 20 6.8 kcfs Bay 19 6.8 kcfs Acoustic Tags for Tracking Agencies & Tribes (PRCC) in Iowa

• Picture of agencies at IIHR 1:64 Physical Model 1:20 Physical Model

• Picture of extions

Wanapum Fish Bypass

• Completed in 2008 • Construction cost: $35 million • Operates through juvenile salmon migration season (April-August) • 20,000 cfs bypass flow • More than 75% of juvenile salmonids use the bypass • 98 percent sockeye survival • 99 percent steelhead survival • Achieves both high survival rates and an increase in overall electric generation • Awarded 2011 Outstanding Stewards of America’s Waters Award Priest Rapids Fish Bypass

• Estimated construction cost: $44.6M • Construction start: September 2011 • Construction completion: April 2014 • Anticipated fish use = greater than 50% and survival greater than 98%

Thank You