Conservation of the Selangor River Population of Pteroptyx Tener in Malaysia: Results of Seven Years of Monitoring

Conservation of the Selangor River Population of Pteroptyx tener in Malaysia: Results of Seven Years of Monitoring

Veronica Khoo, Nada Badruddin & Laurence Kirton

ISO 9001 : 2008 www.frim.gov.my     The project commenced from from until2006 commencedTheMay project WatersSelangor Management Authority(SWMA) by continued before being fundinginternal DepartmentMalaysia ofIrrigationDrainage and project, (IRBM) by Management funded the the RiverBasinIntegrated under population FRIMa method developed to monitorthe firefly River alongthe Selangor firefly population no data to beenassess the there has Previously present time Subsequent funding was provided under FRIM’sunder was providedfunding Subsequent

Background

www.frim.gov.my

  

stretch Riverof Selangor 1.6 ofthe km (~1mile) monthly Monitored photographynightDigital

Method

www.frim.gov.my The area monitored The area

www.frim.gov.my RESULTS

www.frim.gov.my Index of abundance 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 1000 1500 2000 500 0 Year 1 Year (2007) Year 2 Year (2008) Year 3 Year (2009) Year 4 Year (2010) y = +y -109.82x 1832.2 Year 5 Year (2011) R 2 = 0.441 Linear (Average) Max Min Average Year 6 Year (2012) Year 7 Year (2013) Executive Summary  

drop Recorded a Selangor River population along the adult firefly of abundance the the index of Yearly average of

38% www.frim.gov.my

Relationship with environmental parameters

www.frim.gov.my

Index of abundance 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 500 0 Year 1 (2007) Year Year 2 (2008) Year Year 3 (2009) Year Relationship with water quality Year 4 (2010) Year y = +y -228.02x 2131 Linear (Average) Max Min Average R 2 = 0.7764 Year 5 (2011) Year

Salinity (ppt) Water Quality Index (WQI) 100.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 Year 1 (2007) Year Year 1 (2007) Year Average Average Year 2 (2008) Year Year 2 (2008) Year Min Min Year 3 (2009) Year Year 3 (2009) Year Max Max Year 4 (2010) Year Year 4 (2010) Year Linear (Average) Linear (Average) y =y 0.0142x + 0.0032 y = -2.7x + = 80.013 -2.7x y R R 2 Year 5 (2011) Year 2 Year 5 (2011) Year = 0.863 = 0.7708    almost three Salinity:Increase of polluted)slightly as categorised still (although years through the improvement WQI an showed Malaysia Environment, Department of 2007 for years obtained were salinity Datafor WQI and –

www.frim.gov.my 2011 from

- fold

   water quality water with comparison for downstream and upstream differently analysed were of abundance index firefly The tide low and tide high during downstream and upstream month; a in twice obtained Data 2012) October from only by SWMA provided Data obtained was (data Water quality for years 2012 –

Sites were grouped according to to according grouped Sites were

2013

www.frim.gov.my

WQI

Index of abundance (Upstream) Index of abundance (Downstream) 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 200 400 600 800 0 0

Jan-12 Jan-12

Feb-12 Feb-12

Mar-12 Mar-12

Apr-12 Apr-12

May-12 May-12

Jun-12 Jun-12

Jul-12 Jul-12

Aug-12 Aug-12

Sep-12 Sep-12 Index of abundance of Index Oct-12 abundance of Index Oct-12 Samplingperiod Nov-12 Samplingperiod Nov-12

Dec-12 Dec-12

Jan-13 Jan-13

Feb-13 Feb-13

Mar-13 Mar-13 High tide High High tide High Apr-13 Apr-13

May-13 May-13

Jun-13 Jun-13 Lowtide Jul-13 Lowtide Jul-13 www.frim.gov.my Aug-13 Aug-13

Sep-13 Sep-13

Oct-13 Oct-13

Nov-13 Nov-13

Dec-13 Dec-13 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100

Water Quality Index (WQI) Water Quality Index (WQI) Salinity

Index of abundance (Upstream) Index of abundance (Downstream) 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 200 400 600 800 0 0

Jan-12 Jan-12

Feb-12 Feb-12

Mar-12 Mar-12

Apr-12 Apr-12

May-12 May-12

Jun-12 Jun-12

Jul-12 Jul-12

Aug-12 Aug-12

Sep-12 Sep-12 Index of abundance of Index Index of abundance of Index Oct-12 Oct-12 Samplingperiod Nov-12 Samplingperiod Nov-12

Dec-12 Dec-12

Jan-13 Jan-13

Feb-13 Feb-13

Mar-13 Mar-13 High tide High High tide High Apr-13 Apr-13

May-13 May-13

Jun-13 Jun-13 Lowtide Jul-13 Lowtide Jul-13 www.frim.gov.my Aug-13 Aug-13

Sep-13 Sep-13

Oct-13 Oct-13

Nov-13 Nov-13

Dec-13 Dec-13 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Salinity (ppt) Salinity (ppt) Index of abundance (counts)     1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 500 0 loss? Habitat pattern? rainfall in Changes Years 2010 year the of End 2009: Years 2006 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07

May-07 Index ofabundance Jul-07 - - Sep-07 2013: Beginning of the year of the Beginning 2013: year of the Middle 2008: Nov-07 Jan-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Oct-08 Dec-08 Feb-09

Apr-09 Jun-09 Samplingperiod Aug-09 Oct-09 Dec-09 Feb-10 Apr-10 Jun-10 Aug-10 Oct-10 Dec-10 Feb-11 Apr-11 Jun-11

Aug-11 Sep-11 Nov-11 Jan-12

Mar-12 www.frim.gov.my May-12 Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Index of abundance (counts) 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 500    0

Jan-06 peak? this be the of the causeCouldshift in firefly abundance the  variation the trend betweenyearsshowed Rainfall  December periods:rainfall to High March May, Novemberandto Mar-06

May-06 Index ofabundance vs. Rainfall 2013 2013 (Nov) 2006 (Nov), 2007 (Aug & Oct), Years 2008 May provide a suitable habitat for the larva population Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06

Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07

Jul-07 Sep-07

Nov-07 Jan-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Oct-08 Dec-08 Feb-09 Apr-09 Index of abundance of Index Jun-09 Aug-09 Samplingperiod Oct-09 Dec-09 Feb-10 Apr-10

Rainfall (mm) Rainfall Jun-10 Aug-10 Oct-10 Dec-10

- Feb-11 2010 2010 (Mar), Years 2011 Apr-11 Jun-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Nov-11 Jan-12 Mar-12

May-12 Jul-12

www.frim.gov.my Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13

Sep-13 - Nov-13 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Rinfall (mm) Index of abundance (counts) 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 500 0 

Jan-06   loss of habitat Discovery    Mar-06 May-06

May 2009 2009 January November2008 2007June May 2007 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 – –

– Jan-08

Sites1 & 2 Site4 Mar-08 Site7

May-08 Habitat loss – Jul-08

Site5 Aug-08 – Oct-08

Site 3 Dec-08 Feb-09 Apr-09 Jun-09 Samplingperiod

Aug-09 Oct-09

Dec-09 Feb-10 Apr-10 Jun-10 Aug-10 Oct-10 Dec-10 Feb-11 Apr-11 Jun-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Nov-11 Jan-12 Mar-12 www.frim.gov.my May-12 Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13

www.frim.gov.my    Zone Protection the regarding public the to inform Signage rehabilitation for State the by reacquired been had Park Firefly Kuantan AKampung the opposite area degraded  SWMA’sunder Zone Protection Enactment consent from from SWMA consent the without out any activities carry or vegetation to clearriparian allowed not are parties All Outcome

www.frim.gov.my

FireflySanctuary Zone

www.frim.gov.my

www.frim.gov.my • population of the firefly the survivalensure area to degraded the “revive” to assigned FRIM hasbeen

Habitat forthe Destructed Destructed area fireflies

www.frim.gov.my

Firefly larva Firefly larva and snail sampling

www.frim.gov.my

Signage erected bySWMA

www.frim.gov.my

Egrets!

Fireflies and….. Fireflies

www.frim.gov.my WHAT NEXT?

www.frim.gov.my       stakeholder to the Recommendations larva firefly the of source Food into: look to scopes Other permits funding To as long as project monitoring the continue owners land and villagers with dialogues Hold agenciesby enforcement Frequent patrolling To “intact” sites purchase

www.frim.gov.my

      loss habitat the on findings Unintentional year the of beginning mid from shifted had abundance peak the of trend The years seven the throughout population firefly in drop 38% Rehabilitation Rehabilitation the state by habitat of adegraded Reacquisition Enactment SWMA’sunder of Zone a Protection Establishment - year, to eventually and end to year

Conclusion

www.frim.gov.my

   Organisers of the Firefly Symposium Firefly the of Organisers FRIM staffBranch, and at Entomology Colleagues Management (2010 Authority (2006 Drainage and of Irrigation Department Funders:

- 2008) and Selangor Waters Selangor and 2008) Acknowledgements –

present)