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Correlates of Filial Responsibility Among Malay Families in Selangor, Malaysia Tengku Aizan Binti Tengku Abdul Hamid Iowa State University

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Correlates of Filial Responsibility Among Malay Families in Selangor, Malaysia Tengku Aizan Binti Tengku Abdul Hamid Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1992 Correlates of filial responsibility among Malay families in Selangor, Malaysia Tengku Aizan Binti Tengku Abdul Hamid Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Gerontology Commons Recommended Citation Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan Binti Tengku, "Correlates of filial responsibility among Malay families in Selangor, Malaysia " (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 10395. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10395 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9311468 Correlates of filial responsibility among Malay families in Selangor, Malaysia Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan Binti Tengku, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1992 UMI SOON.ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Correlates of filial responsibility among Malay families in Selangor, Malaysia by Tengku Aizan Binti Tengku Abdul Hamid A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Human Development and Family Studies Major: Human Development and Family Studies Approved: Members of the Committee: Signature was redacted for privacy. In (Maz'ge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. la]orpépartment Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1992 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of Study 1 Need of Study 2 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10 Concept and Measurements of Filial Responsibility 10 Role of Family in the Care of the Aged 16 Factors Influencing Family Members in Fulfilling the Filial Responsibility Role 17 Family structural variables 17 Characteristics of parents 26 Attitudes, expectations, motivations and preferences 28 Filial Responsibility in the Malaysian Context 30 Reciprocal help between elderly and kin 3 0 Visitation pattern 33 Living arrangement 34 Theoretical Model of the Study 36 Theoretical Basis of the Study 36 CHAPTER 3. METHODS 40 Sampling Techniques 40 Data Collection 43 Data Analysis 44 Measurement and Instrumentation 47 Computation of the Exogenous and Endogenous Variables 50 iii CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 67 Description of the Parent Samples 67 Description of the Adult Children Samples 71 Correlational Analyses of All Parents, Mothers, and Fathers Separately 75 Tests of the Filial Expectation Model for Parents, Mothers, and Fathers 78 Description of the models 78 Results of Model PI for parents 79 Results of Model Pla for mothers 84 Results of Model Plb for fathers 88 Summary 90 Tests of the Filial Maturity Model for Parents, Mothers, and Fathers 91 Results of Model P2 for parents 91 Results of Model P2a for mothers 94 Results of Model P2b for fathers 96 Summary 98 Tests of the Filial Behavior Model for Parents, Mothers, and Fathers 99 Results of Model P3 for parents 99 Results of Model P3a for mothers 101 Results of Model P3b for fathers 101 Summary 103 Correlational Analyses of Adult Children, Daughters, and Sons 109 Tests of the Filial Expectation Model for Children, Daughters, and Sons 115 iv Description of the models 115 Results of Model A1 for children 116 Results of Ala for daughters 121 Results of Model Alb for sons 124 Summary 127 Tests of the Filial Maturity Model for Children, Daughters, and Sons 128 Results of Model A2 for children 128 Results of Model A2a for daughters 128 Results of Model A2b for sons 13 0 Summary 134 Tests of the Filial Behavior Model for Children, Daughters, and Sons 136 . Results of Model A3 for children 13 6 Results of Model A3 a for daughters 139 Results of Model A3b for sons 141 Summary 144 CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 149 Summary of Research 149 Conclusions and implications 149 Recommendations for Future Research 156 REFERENCES 159 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 173 APPENDIX A; RESEARCH INSTRUMENT IN ENGLISH AND BAHASA MALAYSIA 175 APPENDIX B; MODIFIED INFORMED CONSENT 224 V APPENDIX C: PARENTS' AND ADULT CHILDREN'S FILIAL EXPECTATION RESPONSES 226 APPENDIX D: PARENTS' AND ADULT CHILDREN'S FILIAL MATURITY RESPONSES 23 0 APPENDIX E: PARENTS' AND ADULT CHILDREN'S FILIAL BEHAVIOR PERFORMANCE 233 APPENDIX F; BIVARIATE CORRELATIONS OF PARENTS, MOTHERS, AND FATHERS 238 APPENDIX G: BIVARIATE CORRELATIONS OF ADULT CHILDREN, DAUGHTERS, AND SONS 245 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Parents' perception of the quality of parent-child relationships 54 Table 2. Adult children's perception of the quality of parent-child relationships 55 Table 3. Frequency of parents' and adult children's attendance at religious lectures 57 Table 4. Distribution of parents' filial reverence 58 Table 5. Distribution of adult children's filial reverence 59 Table 6. Indicators of parents' filial responsibility expectation scale 61 Table 7. Indicators of adult children's filial responsibility expectation scale '..62 Table 8. Indicators of parents' filial maturity scale 63 Table 9. Indicators of adult children's filial maturity scale 64 Table 10. Indicators of parents' filial behavior scale 65 Table 11. Indicators of adult children's filial behavior scale 66 Table 12. Distribution of parents' family structural and socioeconomic characteristics ,.68 Table 13. Distribution of adult children's family structural characteristics 72 Table 14. Distribution of adult children's socioeconomic characteristics 74 Table 15. Parents' perception of their health, adult children's perception of their own and their parents' health status 75 vii Table 16. Structural models for parents, mothers, and fathers with significant LISREL estimates ..82 Table 17. Comparison of summary statistics of parents', mothers', and fathers' filial expectation, filial maturity, and filial behavior models 106 Table 18. Structural models for adult children, daughters, and sons with significant LISREL estimates 119 Table 19. Comparison of summary statistics of children's, daughters', and sons' filial expectation, filial maturity, and filial behavior models 146 Table 20. Parents' filial responsibility expectation 227 Table 21. Adult children's filial responsibility expectation 228 Table 22. Distribution of parents' filial maturity agreement 231 Table 23. Adult children's filial maturity agreement 232 Table 24. Parents' filial behavior performance 234 Table 25. Adult children's filial behavior performance 236 Table 26. Correlation matrix of variables for parents ,239 Table 27. Correlation matrix of variables for mothers 241 Table 28. Correlation matrix of variables for fathers 243 Table 29. Correlation matrix of variables for adult children 246 Table 30. Correlation matrix of variables for daughters....249 Table 31. Correlation matrix of variables for sons 252 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Parents' theoretical model and the proposed relationships between exogenous and endogenous variables 37 Figure 2. Adult children's theoretical model and the proposed relationships between exogenous and endogenous variables 39 Figure 3. Map of Peninsular Malaysia showing the study location 42 Figure 4. Model Pi: Final filial expectation model for parents 80 Figure 5. Model Pla: Final filial expectation model for mothers 85 Figure 6. Model Plb; Final filial expectation model for fathers 89 Figure 7. Model P2; Final filial maturity model for parents 92 Figure 8. Model P2a: Final filial maturity model for mothers 95 Figure 9. Model P2b: Final filial maturity model for fathers 97 Figure 10. Model P3: Final filial behavior model for parents 100 Figure 11. Model P3a: Final filial behavior model for mothers 102 Figure 12. Model P3b: Final filial behavior model for fathers 104 Figure 13. Model
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