View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UKM Journal Article Repository International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation 6(Special Issue 1), 2018: 17 - 22 (https://doi.org/10.17576/jatma-2018-06SI1-03) Detecting Coastline Changes use GIS geospatial techniques in Island Carey- Morib Coast, Selangor, Malaysia Mengesan Perubahan Garis Pantai menggunakan aplikasi GIS di Pulau Carey- Pantai Morib, Selangor, Malaysia NOR LITA FADILAH RAMELI & MOKHTAR JAAFAR ABSTRACT Coastal area is one of the very dynamic landscapes where erosion and deposition processes always occur. Therefore, a study is been conducted to detect changes of coastline caused by both processes at Carey Island-Morib coast. Geospatial technology that involved the use of GIS and satellite imagery had been apply in this study. Data sources are topography map of 1974 and SPOT image of 2008. The results show that coastal erosion process was dominant in Carey Island, while deposition process was the case for Morib coast. The average value of eroded distance is higher than the average value of deposited distance, which is 170 and 157 m, respectively. Coastal erosion process in Carey Island could be relate to the movement of big ships along Malacca Strait and Port Klang that is capable of producing big waves and eroding energy. Meanwhile deposition process in Morib coast could be relate to the transfer of land sediment to the estuary and along the coast by low-energy wave. These findings should be support with fieldwork study that could verify the effectiveness of coastal geomorphologic agents and the impact of human activities on land in influencing the changes of coastline in Carey Island-Morib coasts. Keywords: Coastline; dynamic landscape; Selangor; Malaysia ABSTRAK Kawasan pesisiran pantai merupakan salah satu landskap yang sangat dinamik di mana proses hakisan dan pemendapan sentiasa berlaku. Oleh itu, satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengesan perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan oleh kedua-dua proses di pantai Pulau Carey-Morib. Teknologi geospatial yang melibatkan penggunaan GIS dan satelit imej telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Sumber data adalah peta topografi tahun 1974 dan imejSPOT 2008. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa proses hakisan pantai adalah dominan di Pulau Carey, manakala proses pemendapan berlaku untuk pantai Morib. Nilai purata jarak terhakis adalah lebih tinggi daripada nilai purata jarak didepositkan iaitu 170 dan 157 m masing-masing. Proses hakisan pantai di Pulau Carey boleh dikaitkan dengan pergerakan kapal-kapal besar di sepanjang Selat Melaka dan Pelabuhan Klang yang mampu menghasilkan ombak besar dan tenaga menghakis. Sementara proses pemendapan di pantai Morib boleh dikaitkan dengan pemindahan sedimen tanah kepada muara dan di sepanjang pantai oleh gelombang tenaga rendah. Penemuan ini perlu disokong dengan kajian kerja lapangan yang boleh mengesahkan keberkesanan ejen geomorphologik pantai dan impak aktiviti manusia ke atas tanah dalam mempengaruhi perubahan garis pantai di pantai Pulau Carey-Morib. Kata kunci: Pesisir; landskap dinamik; Selangor; Malaysia INTRODUCTION the beach landscape to vulnerability. The increase in the intensity of coastal development utilizing the Generally, the coast is the area that separates the available resources in the coastal areas as well as the coastal land and sea areas. History has proven the lack of awareness and involvement on conservation coast into focus as diverse as the development of measures raises many negative impacts on the settlements, fisheries, agriculture, port activities, coastal environment. This coupled with the nature and recreation area (Zakaria 1970). However, of the coastal ecosystems of the most dynamic changing times saw intensity variations and natural landscape impact, effects of land and sea and wind coastal ecosystems changes impressed on a beach actions. The combination of these three agents, and due to development processes. Coastal resources accompanied by human activities, can promote unfortunately tapped without limitation, exposing changes in the coastal zone. According to Faizal 18 Nor Lita Fadilah Rameli & Mokhtar Jaafar (2005), changes in coastal or more accurately the coastal zone. However, the opposite is happening changes in the coastline also strongly influenced in the western part of Peninsular Malaysia where by the effects of sea level rise from global climate wind and wave action are moderate and less change. Global climate change is believe able to aggressive and as corrosion agents rather than agent change the process of sediment transport and transfer of deposition. of land and sea next to a beach and has implications In this case, the beaches in Selangor are not for the increase or reduction of precipitated material immune from both the natural process of coastal in coastal zones. The direct impact of this natural erosion and deposition processes. As one of the process is the change in shoreline position. most developed states in Malaysia, Selangor Malaysia, which has a length of 4,809 km experienced a very rapid development process. coastline, not spared from natural processes in coastal Land use changes occur rapidly and also removed zones. The two main processes geomorphology, the sediments eroded into the river system that namely, sediment erosion and deposition of material flows directly into the Straits of Malacca. Removed along the coastal zone, also change the size of a sediment eroded into the river system is transport beach in the country (Ibrahim Kasawani 2010). Data to the mouth of the river, and most of the muddy from the Department of Irrigation and Drainage sediments were deposit directly into the mouth of (DID) show nearly 1,400 km of coastline in Malaysia the river. Deposition process occurs because the experiencing critical erosion process. The beaches waves are not aggressive beached exceed beached of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia are among aggressive waves. This situation also assumed to the 65 listed with critical coastal erosion. Critical occur at Carey Island-Morib coast. Preliminary erosion (adopted by the DID) refers to any part of the observations in the field show that there are certain coast that suffered erosion process that is difficult parts along the coast that suffered serious deposition to contain, leaving a serious impact on the stability process, while some others are experiencing erosion of the natural beach profile. In the socioeconomic process. Accordingly, this article seeks to clarify the context, it referred to a situation that is capable of shoreline changes that may occur in the beach on threatening the lives of coastal residents, especially the assumption that the changes of coastline Carey the aspects of safety and economy. Island-Morib coast with regard to the presence of Although the beaches in Malaysia have long abundant precipitate at low tide and the waves much suffered serious erosion processes, the aspects of momentum until almost to the tires during high coastal management are not included in the priority tide. Both pictures are observed during the initial list of the government until the 1980s. Before that, observations convince the study about shoreline the responsibility for monitoring and implementing change at Carey Island-Morib coast to scientifically control works and mitigation coast was placed collect data that can be used as a foundation in to under the jurisdiction of the joint committee by the regulate and conserve resources in the coastal zone DID, district office and local government. As early and this. as the 1980s, efforts were initiate to strengthen aspects of coastal management. The government has established a Coastal Engineering Technical Centre METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH in January 1987, and this centre serves as technical BACKGROUND advisor for any development projects involving coastal component. In addition, the agency is also As stated above, the study of shoreline change responsible for performing the monitoring, control, is been done in Carey Island- Morib coast. The and conservation of coastal zone with the primary beach is located in the western part of Peninsular focus is on coastal areas experiencing critical Malaysia 2˚ 50’53.41’ N 101˚ 22’30.38’ E and 2˚ erosion problems. 44’53.42’ N 101˚ 26’35.65’ E as shown in Figure 1. As stated above, most beaches on the east coast A long beach is about 30 km with muddy and sandy of Peninsular Malaysia experience critical erosion sediments. Carey Island coast drained by the Langat process. However, the opposite detected in most of River skirting out into the Straits of Malacca in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The beaches two directions, namely, to the north and south. The on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia directly Straits of Malacca are one of the busiest sea routes exposed to the weather phenomenon northeast in terms ship movement and carrier trade. The beach monsoon aggressive large waves capable of eroding is knows for rest and recreation. There are clusters Nor Lita Fadilah Rameli & Mokhtar Jaafar 19 of mangroves that exist between Carey Island and information systems (GIS) in which a digital Morib coast, and the presence of mangrove is as a map layer built into ArcGIS package. The second wave damper and buffer. Preliminary observations process is SPOT satellite imaging which allows in the fi eld show that there are certain parts of the the position of the shoreline been viewed in 2008. mangrove clusters have collapsed and died, and this ERDAS package is been used for this purpose. Both is an early indication of coastal erosion processes. of these data sources through the same procedure Another part of the coast indicates the presence of as geometric, topological classification, and many precipitates, and these precipitate are an early construction. Thematic maps are prepared from the indication of deposition process. two sources were analysed to detect the position of To track the changes to the coastline of Carey overlay coastlines of both the comparative and the Island- Morib coast, edge geospatial technology is measurement is done automatically by the system fully applied.