1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27, 1987 SENATE-Tuesday, January 27, 1987 The Senate met at 8 p.m. and was not to exceed 15 minutes, with Sena­ hood but in a sense attempts once called to order by the Honorable tors permitted to speak therein for not again to tell the United States, all of GEORGE J. MITCHELL, a Senator from more than 5 minutes each. its people, and the world that we are the State of Maine. indeed a State. DAY Mr. President, on January 6, 1912, PRAYER President William Howard Taft signed The Chaplain, the Reverend Rich­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ a proclamation that admitted the Ter­ ard C. Halverson, LL.D., offered the pore. The Senator from New Mexico is ritory of New Mexico as the 47th State following prayer: recognized. of the United States. Eternal, God, all wise, all powerful, Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Mr. President, that day three-quar­ and everywhere ·at once, we pray that send a resolution to the desk on behalf ters of a century ago was a glorious You will cover this building this of myself and my distinguished junior one for New Mexico. evening with Your love and mercy and colleague, Senator BINGAMAN. I ask for It is appropriate that today we take grace. Congress gathers to hear the its immediate consideration. note of the importance of New Mexico President at a very critical time, with The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ to the Union, and the significance that uncertainty and confusion hanging pore. The clerk will report. our unification has brought for the over our Nation as a heavy cloud. In The assistant legislative clerk read people of New Mexico, as well as the Your grace, make us aware of Your as follows: entire United States. presence and infuse the Congress with A resolution

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. January 27, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1945 again, establishing Sante Fe as their I hope my colleagues will come to and rural Spanish-Americans have sur- · capital, the first capital in what is share my sense of joy on this great vived. today the United States. day of celebration. New Mexico has a blend of diverse By the time of the Pilgrims, two Mr. President, frequently, because landscape and culture. It encompasses great cultures were established in the our State is New Mexico, we are con­ parts of the four main physiographic Valley of the Rio Grande, two great fused with the Republic of Mexico, provinces of the United States: Rocky cultures living together, sometimes in our citizens are frequently accused of Mountains; Colorado Plateaus; Basin harmony, sometimes not. being foreigners, and we are occasion­ and Range province; and the Great For more than two centuries, New ally asked what the exchange rate will Plains. The heritage of the Anglo­ Mexico was under Spanish, then Mexi­ be, or whether the water is safe to American, Indian, and Spanish-Ameri­ can rule. Eventually, New Mexico's drink. When we call the State Depart­ can cultures have attracted tourists, third great culture, the Anglo culture, ment, some of their personnel do not archeologists, sportsmen, artists, writ­ came. The United States took official know, when we ask about a New Mexi­ ers, and scholars from all over the control of New Mexico in 1848. can in a foreign country, that we are a world. For the next 64 years, the popula­ State. And believe me, I say to the Therefore, I am pleased to cosponsor tion grew on waves of the western mi­ Senate, occasionally they have said, this resolution and I urge my col­ gration. The railroad reached Albu­ "We only respond if they are United leagues to support it as we celebrate querque in 1880. And the people of the States citizens." And so what I have the 75th commemoration of this great territory struggled to achieve state­ done tonight on behalf of myself and hood. They petitioned and petitioned, State being admitted to the United my friend, Senator BINGAMAN, is ask States. but it did not come until 1912, when that the Senate declare today "New New Mexico was finally admitted as Thank you, Mr. President. Mexico Day" so that in tandem with The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the 47th State. the House, through the leadership of New Mexicans are proud of their pore. Is there further debate? If not, land, which descends from pine forests Representative LuJAN, joined by Rep­ the question is on agreeing to the reso­ and mountain streams to the Great resentatives SKEEN and RICHARDSON, lution. Plains on one side of the Continental we will show that we understand New The resolution

91-059 0-89-18 (Pt. 2) 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27, 1987 funding levels for economic and securi­ the Administration's FY 1988 budget without committing the resources that ty assistance. The year 1987 is the request. this effort requires. 40th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, The United States must be able to In keeping with the recommendation a reminder that American commit­ communicate information and ideas on of the Packard Commission, and as re­ ment and generosity serve our own in­ a worldwide basis. Ongoing expansion quired by the 1986 Defense Authoriza­ terests while changing the course of of America's international broadcast­ tion Act, I have submitted a two-year history for the better. Our goal is to ing capability-the Voice of America, national defense budget for 1988-1989. foster peace and stability by helping Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, and The Packard Commission stressed no friendly nations to defend themselves Radio Marti-must therefore continue. point more than the need for greater and by encouraging market-oriented Increased resources for the United stability in defense funding. Roller­ economic growth abroad. We continue States Information Agency are also coaster, surge-and-starve budgeting to work toward the elimination of needed to reach this goal. In addition, leads to higher costs and dangerous hunger and extreme poverty for both the National Endowment for Democ­ risks to national security. Further­ humanitarian and security reasons. racy and its subsidiary elements-in­ more, I want us to get our money's Thus, American interests are harmed cluding free labor, free enterprise, and worth from every defense dollar spent. if our programs in this area are cut by the political parties-permit the Under the leadership of the Secretary the Congress below adequate levels, as United States to help strength€n the of Defense, with the expert help of they have been. infrastructure of democracy, particu­ the new Under Secretary of Defense The advance of democracy and the larly in the less developed countries. for Acquisition, this Administration strengthening of peace are closely re­ Funding for this program is very will continue to take important strides lated. Nowhere is this clearer than in small; the potential return on our in­ toward improving the acquisition our own hemisphere. We must contin­ vestment, very high. system. Other major changes in DoD ue to provide support and assistance to In the past, the ideals of the UN organization and the procurement freedom fighters in Central America. Charter have often been trampled system have been underway, some To that end I will ask the Congress for under foot. The United States remains since the beginning of this Administra­ renewed assistance for the Nicaraguan committed to restoring efficiency and tion. So I hope the Congress will with­ democratic resistance, which faces a impartiality to the United Nations and hold further efforts to legislate de­ Leninist dictatorship that has received effectiveness to its peacekeeping ac­ fense procurement reform until the over a billion dollars of Soviet-bloc tivities. We will use our influence to effect of these changes can be fully arms. I also strongly support a supple­ restore respect in the UN for the prin­ evaluated. mental appropriation for the economic ciples on which it was founded. Our Strategic Modernization Pro­ development of the Central American My Administration will continue ef­ gram is essential to assuring our na­ democracies. forts to achieve the fullest possible ac­ tional safety in the years ahead. The State-sponsored terrorism has in­ counting of our servicemen missing strength it provides is also the indis­ creased dramatically in the last few from the Vietnam War. Recent pensable foundation for negotiating years. When such incidents go unpena­ progress can continue with the strong the deep cuts we seek in nuclear arse­ lized, further terrorist efforts are en­ bipartisan support in the Congress for nals. The Soviets are willing to bar­ couraged. We will continue to build this humanitarian issue. Also, my Ad­ gain and make concessions only if they our capability to deter and, when nec­ ministration is committed to aiding understand that-in the absence of essary, to combat swiftly and effective­ refugees and those countries providing agreements-America will provide for ly state-sponsored terrorism world­ first asylum to them. International or­ her own security. wide. In this regard, I am requiring ganization support, multilateral and Strategic Defense Initiative research necessary funding to continue the bilateral programs, and resettlement explores the way to move toward a multiyear program to improve the pro­ opportunities in the international world in which effective defenses, tection and security of our personnel community are all required to ensure rather than threats of retaliation, and facilities overseas. humanitarian treatment of these keep the peace. This vital program re­ The people of the Philippines, whose homeless and shattered peoples. The Administration is proud of a inforces our policy for arms reduc­ history is closely linked with ours, path-breaking agreement reached this tions-as an incentive for the Soviets acted last year to reconfirm their past year with the Pacific island states to agree to real arms reductions and as democratic traditions. We encouraged over the long-contentious tuna fishing an insurance against cheating on arms them, and applauded their success. issue, one that our adversaries have reductions agreements. The pace of re­ This year, my Administration will seek tried to exploit. Modest but indispen­ search to date has been impressive, additional support to assist the Aquino sable funds are needed to meet our ob­ and I will ask the Congress to increase Government, as it confronts serious ligations under the agreement. funding so that we can continue economic and security problems. The moving forward. rebuilding of political institutions and Maintaining a strong national defense My Administration will continue to restoration of investor confidence are The increased resources we have de­ maintain an effective nuclear deter­ Filipino goals that America must sup­ voted to national defense in the past 6 rent, but at the same time it is essen­ port. years have brought many benefits­ tial that we and our Allies modernize My Administration will continue to above all, a lasting peace. Our forces and strengthen conventional land, air, enforce the Comprehensive Anti­ have been modernized, the quality and and naval forces so they can carry out Apartheid Act of 1986. We seek an end spirit of those in uniform have risen to their missions in the face of a steadily to apartheid and will use our influence the highest levels, and we have begun increasing Soviet threat. That will cost to foster a peaceful transition to a work on new technologies that can more money than the Congress has truly free, democratic, and multi-racial protect America in the future and free been willing to vote the last 2 years, society. We will offer a special eco­ us from the nuclear balance of terror. but it is essential. nomic assistance program for southern All these efforts must continue. We America will continue to deploy mili­ Africa. We will also seek to restructure need realistic and sustained growth in tary forces throughout the free world economic assistance to Africa so as to defense funding to consolidate the real as proof of solidarity with our Allies reinforce positive policy reforms in a gains we have made. The budget I and other friendly nations, and as a growing number of African nations. have proposed meets this goal. The al­ deterrent to those who might threaten This approach, whose goal is to pro­ ternative is unacceptable: spending our peace and freedom. Forward de­ mote investment and economic growth less will unavoidably mean less securi­ ployments not only underscore our na­ in Sub-Saharan Africa, is reflected in ty. We cannot keep America strong tional policies, but also provide valua- January 27, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1965 ble exercises and training for Active, not just the government, but all the INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND Guard, and Reserve Component people. To achieve this greatness JOINT RESOLUTIONS Forces. really comes down to just being our The following bills and joint resolu­ The Soviet Union has the world's best. No government plan or program tions were introduced, read the first only operational ASA T system. The is capable of enacting such sweeping and second time by unanimous con­ U.S. miniature homing vehicle ASAT change and reform. All the Federal sent, and referred as indicated: system that can deter the Soviets from spending in the land cannot buy excel­ By Mr. PROXMIRE: using their system in times of crisis is lence. It must occur as part of the nat­ S. 382. An original bill to amend and in development. Its test program, how­ ural instinct of free people to compete extend the authorization for the Urban ever, has been blocked by a congres­ for the highest standard. The propos­ Mass Transportation Act of 1964; from the sional unilateral ban that prohibits als and actions outlined in this mes­ Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban tests against targets in space. The So­ sage will form the foundation to meet Affairs: placed on the calendar. viets are under no such prohibition. I the challenge of the third American By Mr. QUAYLE of the Congressional Budget MCCLURE, Mr. NICKLES, Mr. PACK­ technology by the Soviet bloc. Act of 1974 for the consideration of S. 382, WOOD, Mr. PRESSLER, Mr. ROTH, Mr. V. CONCLUSION the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1987. RuDMAN, Mr. STEVENS, Mr. SYMMS, This year of the 200th anniversary By Mr. BURDICK, from the Committee Mr. WEICKER, Mr. WILSON, Mr. on Environment and Public Works, without DURENBERGER, Mr. GARN, Mr. GRASS­ of our Constitution affords us the op­ amendment: LEY, Mr. TRIBLE, Mr. WALLOP, Mr. portunity to make momentous strides S. Res. 85. An original resolution waiving DANFORTH, Mr. GRAMM, Mr. BOREN, in our quest for national excellence. It section 303 of the Congressional Budget Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. WIRTH, Mr. ZORIN­ will require the efforts of all of us- Act of 1974 for the consideration of S. 387. SKY, Mr. CHILES, Mr. BURDICK, Mr. 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27, 1987 PRYOR, Mr. KERRY, Mr. PELL, Mr. Other children will learn at differ­ grams, I am confident that this pro­ BUMPERS, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. DODD, ent speeds, thereby necessitating posal will receive strong support. Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. RIEGLE, Mr. review of the appropriate placement in STENNIS, Mr. MoYNIHAN, Mr. DECON­ The Federal Government will con­ CINI, Mr. JOHNSTON, Mr. KENNEDY, transitional bilingual education classes tinue to support bilingual education. Mr. CoNRAD, Mr. ADAMS, Mr. SAN­ or in classes that rely more heavily on With the passage of this legislation, FORD, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. SIMON, English. Such students should be able we will ensure that the needs of non­ Mr. LEVIN, and Mr. DIXON): to move ahead at their own speed and English-speaking children will be met S. Res. 84. A resolution providing January ability to allow them to achieve fluen­ quickly and efficiently, and that they 27, 1987, is recognized and acknowledged as cy in English as quickly as possible. are given the tools to become produc­ "New Mexico Day"; considered and agreed After all, that is the goal of the Feder­ tive and participating members of our to. al Bilingual Education Program. society and to share fully in what our By Mr. BURDICK: Nation has to offer. S. Res. 85. An original resolution waiving The legislation that I am introduc­ section 303(a) of the Congressional Budget ing today with my good friend, Sena­ Mr. President, I ask that the text of Act of 1974 for the consideration of S. 387; tor HATCH, the ranking Republican of the bill, a section-by-section of the bill, from the Committee on Environment and the Committee on Labor and Human be printed in the REcORD following my Public Works; to the Committee on the Resources, will address the need for statement. Budget. more flexibility in the Federal Bilin­ There being no objection, the mate­ gual Education Program at the local rial was ordered to be printed in the level. This bill would remove the statu­ RECORD, as follows: STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED tory requirement in current law that BILLS ANO JOINT RESOLUTIONS S.383 mandates that 75 percent of the funds Be it enacted by the Senate and House of By Mr. QUAYLE by adding after clause (3) the following to the Committee on Labor and tive instructional programs that the new clause: Human Resources. Secretary of Education can fund. This "<4> that, regardless of the method of in­ BILINGUAL EDUCATION ACT AMENDMENTS 4 percent cap on the use of bilingual struction, programs which serve limited English proficient students have the equally • Mr. QUAYLE. Mr. President, I am education moneys, enacted in 1984, important goals of developing academic pleased to introduce the Bilingual was seen as a way to provide more achievement and English proficiency;". freedom to school districts and this Education Act Amendments of 1987 FUNDING FLEXIBILITY with my colleague, Senator HATCH. new program has been a huge success at the local level. SEc. 3. Section 702(b) of the Act is amend­ This legislation will allow flexibility in ed- the bilingual education programs pro­ Under this legislation, grants will (1) by striking out paragraph (3); vided by school districts to more effec­ continue to be awarded subject to all (2) in paragraph <4), by striking out the tively meet the needs of the non-Eng­ the current guidelines in the law, and semicolon and everything that follows lish speaking and limited-English pro­ the need of the school district will con­ through the end thereof and inserting in ficient students. tinue to be assessed according to cur­ lieu thereof a period; and The best way to provide bilingual rent law and guidelines. By deleting (3) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), education has been much debated by the 75 percent requirement and the 4 (6), and <7> as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and educators, policymakers, students, and percent cap, school districts will be (6), respectively. parents themselves. The discussion fo­ able to design programs that are more TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS cuses on what type of language train­ flexible in order to meet the needs of SEc. 4. (a) Section 703(a) student's native language at the begin­ ments about which type of language and (B) as paragraphs (1) and <2>. respec­ ning and increasing to the use of Eng­ training is best; indeed, researchers tively. lish as time goes by, to strong support themselves disagree about the best ap­ (c) Section 72l(f}(7)(C) of the Act is amended by striking out "and with" and in­ of structured immersion, to all combi­ proach. Congress certainly should not serting in lieu thereof "with". nations in between. be in the business of telling schools (d) Section 733 of the Act is amended by For certain types of students, de­ what type of language training to use. striking out the subsection designation pending on their age, their literacy in We prefer to leave that decision to the "(a)". their native language, and their par­ local school district which is closest to EFFECTIVE DATE ents' literacy in their native language the needs and desires of its communi­ SEc. 5. The amendments made by this Act and fluency in English, an approach ty. And that is all this bill does. shall take effect on July 1, 1987. closer to structured immersion may be Last year, this identical bill had 15 more effective than transitional bilin­ cosponsors and a great deal of interest SECTION-BY-SECTION OF BILINGUAL gual education. For other children was raised about how to increase flexi­ EDUCATION AMENDMENTS OF 1986 who are older and who may have a low bility at the local level. This year, as Section 2. Section 2 would add a new functional literacy in their own lan­ the Bilingual Education Act is re­ statement in the policy section of the Bilin­ guages, a transitional approach may viewed by Congress with the other ele­ gual Education Act (hereinafter referred to be more effective. mentary and secondary education pro- as "the Act") that the goal of every bilin- January 27, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1967 gual education program, despite the method By Mr. BENTSEN: MATSUNAGA] was added as a cosponsor of instruction, is to achieve academic excel­ S. 384. A bill to designate the Dr. of S. 104, a bill to recognize the organi­ lence and English proficiency. Hector Perez Garcia Post Office Build­ Section 3. Section 3 of the bill would zation known as the National Acade­ amend the authorization of appropriations ing; to the Committee on Government mies of Practice. under the Act. This section would remove a Affairs. s. 151 requirement from current law that restricts DR. HECTOR PEREZ GARCIA At the request of Mr. INOUYE, the the amount of funds available for special al­ e Mr. BENTSEN. Mr. President, ternative instructional programs to four name of the Senator from Hawaii [Mr. today I introduce a bill that will MATSUNAGA] was added as a cosponsor percent of appropriations not in excess of enable us to honor a man who has de­ $140 million, and 50 percent of appropria­ of S. 151, a bill to permit educational tions over $140 million, provided that no voted his life to helping others. This institutions with graduate programs in more than 10 percent of appropriations for measure will designate the U.S. Post clinical social work to apply for grants the Act are reserved for these programs. Office Building located at 809 Nueces and contracts to provide educational Section 3 would also remove a restrictive Bay Boulevard in Corpus Christi, TX, assistance to individuals from disad­ provision that reserves for transitional bilin­ as the Dr. Hector Perez Garcia Post gual education programs 75 percent of the Office Building. vantaged backgrounds. funds appropriated for the basic programs Dr. Garcia's accomplishments are s. 153 under Part A of the Act. These amendments truly outstanding. Let me cite only a At the request of Mr. INOUYE, the would provide greater flexibility to meet changing needs in bilingual education and few examples. Between 1942 and 1946, name of the Senator from Hawaii [Mr. would expand the prerogatives of local edu­ he served as an infantry officer in the MATSUNAGA] was added as a cosponsor cation agencies. Engineer and Medical Corps, during of S. 153, a bill to specify that health Section 4. Section 4 of the bill would make which he was awarded the Bronze Star maintenance organizations may pro­ technical amendments to <1) more accurate­ Medal with six Battle Stars. vide the service of clinical social work­ ly describe the services for limited English Upon returning home, Dr. Garcia ers. proficient individuals under the Library became actively involved in communi­ s. 241 Services and Construction Act, and <2) cor­ ty affairs ranging from serving on the rect certain technical errors in Sections At the request of Mr. D'AMATO, the 721(b), 721(f) and 733 of the Act. board of the Red Cross to working on the Texas Advisory Committee to the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. BuR­ Section 5. Section 5 of the bill would pro­ DICK] was added as a cosponsor of S. vide that the amendments would take effect U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Per­ on July 1, 1987, so that these changes could haps he is best known as the founding 241, a bill to amend the Truth in Lend­ be implemented for the 1987-88 academic father of the American GI Forum, a ing Act. year.e veterans group composed of Ameri­ s. 347 • Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, once cans of Mexican origin. At the request of Mr. SASSER, the again I am pleased to cosponsor legis­ His talents and achievements have name of the Senator from Massachu­ lation which will afford limited Eng­ been recognized nationally. Dr. Garcia setts [Mr. KERRY] was added as a co­ lish-proficient schoolchildren a great­ has served as a Presidential represent­ sponsor of S. 347, a bill to amend er chance to learn our common lan­ ative of both Presidents Kennedy and chapter 171 of title 28, United States guage. To be able to utilize the full Johnson, and he has held an array of Code, to allow members of the Armed range of opportunities of our common advisory positions under President Forces to sue the United States for national life, these children need to Johnson and Carter. In 1984, he was damages for certain injuries caused by learn English even while maintaining awarded the highest civilian award, improper medical care provided during their own native language and culture. the Medal of Freedom, by President peacetime. This can be accomplished by allowing Reagan. local teachers and school officials, in It is quite fitting when a man self­ SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 5 consultation with parents, more dis­ lessly pursues a life for the benefit of At the request of Mr. D'AMATO, the cretion in choosing the method of in­ society, that he be recognized for his names of the Senator from Washing­ struction most suitable for the lan­ contributions. Dr. Garcia has helped ton [Mr. ADAMS], and the Senator guage group or groups in that school bring the struggle of the Hispanic from Missouri [Mr. DANFORTH] were system. That is the intent of the legis­ community to a national focus in an added as cosponsors of Senate Joint lation I join my distinguished col­ attempt to rectify the social inequities Resolution 5, a joint resolution desig­ league, Senator QUAYLE, in introduc­ that exist. He has proven himself a nating June 14, 1987, as "Baltic Free­ ing today. dedicated and effective leader both lo­ dom Day." We have learned in the last few cally and nationally. SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 9 years that school districts are eager to In recognition of his accomplish­ At the request of Mr. SARBANES, the have this increased flexibility. There ments and services, I urge the Senate name of the Senator from Pennsylva­ have been far more applications than to approve this legislation to rename nia [Mr. HEINZ] was added as a co­ available Federal funds for alternative the Corpus Christi Post Office in his sponsor of Senate Joint Resolution 9, bilingual instruction programs under honor.e a joint resolution to designate the the current law. Educators from my week of March 1, 1987, through March own State of Utah have told me that ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS 7, 1987, as "Federal Employees Recog­ the instructional needs of their His­ nition Week." panic, Asian, and Indian students seek­ s. 79 ing to learn English vary. I have faith At the request of Mr. METZENBAUM, SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 9 in their evaluation and ability to select the names of the Senator from Illinois At the request of Mr. DOLE, the appropriate ways to teach their stu­ [Mr. SIMON], the Senator from Wis­ name of the Senator from Indiana dents. We in Washington can best consin [Mr. PRoxMIRE], and the Sena­ [Mr. LuGAR] was added as a cosponsor help these students, their parents, and tor· from Ohio [Mr. GLENN] were of Senate Concurrent Resolution 9, a teachers by allowing a greater variety added as cosponsors of S. 79, a bill to concurrent resolution to provide for of English-language instruction pro­ notify workers who are at risk of occu­ the display of the National League of grams to receive Federal bilingual edu­ pational disease in order to establish a Families POW/MIA flag in the Cap­ cation dollars. system for identifying and preventing itol rotunda. Mr. President, I hope that this year illness and death of such workers, and SENATE RESOLUTION 46 the Congress will act on this impor­ for other purposes. At the request of Mr. DoLE, the tant legislation, It will benefit stu­ s. 104 name of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. dents especially deserving assistance At the request of Mr. INOUYE, the McCLURE] was added as a cosponsor of from the Federal Government.e name of the Senator from Hawaii [Mr. Senate Resolution 46, a resolution ex- 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27, 1987 pressing the sense of the Senate re­ Jarvis, Christa McAuliffe, Ron McNair, Elli­ Many questions were raised after the garding tax rates. son Onizuka, and Judy Resnik>; and accident concerning the direction of <2> officials of the Government to display our Space Program, some even inquir­ the flag of the United States at half-mast SENATE RESOLUTION 83-WAIV­ on all Government buildings on such day. ing whether the United States should even maintain a Space Program. But ING SECTION 303(a) OF THE e Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, to­ BUDGET ACT WITH RESPECT one needs only to remember the Chal­ morrow marks the first anniversary of lenger crew to answer these concerns, TO THE CONSIDERATION OF S. the greatest tragedy in the history of 382 and the Apollo astronauts who died in the Nation's space program-the ex­ 1967. Mr. CRANSTON, from the Commit­ plosion of the space shuttle Challeng­ The loss of the shuttle has brought tee on Banking, Housing, and Urban er. our entire Space Program to a virtual Affairs, reported the following original In recognition of that tragedy and in halt, and forced all of us who are in­ resolution; which was referred to the the hope that such an event will never volved in space policy decisions to re­ Committee on the Budget. again occur, I am introducing the examine the decisions that we must S. RES. 83 Space Shuttle Challenger Day resolu­ make today to safely return the pro­ Resolved, That section 303 of the Con­ tion. gram to flight status and to continue gressional Budget Act of 1974 is hereby The resolution calls upon the Presi­ the commercial development of space waived with respect to the consideration of dent of the United States to proclaim S. 382, the Urban Mass Transportation Au­ and the exploration of the outer January 28, 1987. as the Space Shuttle reaches of the solar system. thorization Act of 1987. Challenger SEc. 2. This waiver is necessary so that Day and to call upon the So, Mr. President, we should all multiyear mass transit legislation may be people of the United States to observe pause tomorrow and remember the considered by the Senate. Authorizations this day in schools and churches, and loss of the Challenger and the seven for the use of amounts in the Mass Transit other suitable places, with appropriate astronauts. But we should also take a Account of the Highway Trust Fund are ceremonies. It also calls upon the contract authority which when enacted people of the United States to estab­ moment to reaffirm our own commit­ create new spending authority. To consider lish educational activities and space­ ment to the continued exploration and this multiyear urban mass transportation related achievement programs in com­ development of space. bill such a waiver is required by section Today I am introducing with Sena­ 303(a). memoration of the crew of the space tor HoLLINGS a resolution requesting shuttle Challenger-Dick Scobee, Mike Smith, Greg Jarvis, Christa McAuliffe, that tomorrow be a day of official rec­ SENATE RESOLUTION 85-WAIV­ Ron MeN air. Ellison Onizuka, and ognition of the Challenger tragedy, ING SECTION 303(a) OF THE Judy Resnik. · and that citizens everywhere honor CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET ACT In my effort to formulate a fitting the memory of the crew.e WITH RESPECT TO THE CON­ tribute to the Challenger crew, their SIDERATION OF S. 378 families and the Nation who so dearly ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Mr. BURDICK, from the Committee loved these brave few, I could not help on Environment and Public Works, re­ but recall the words of Dr. Benjamin ported the following original resolu­ E. Mays: tion; which was referred to the Com­ The tragedy of life doesn't lie in not VIOLENCE ON TELEVISION mittee on the Budget: reaching your goal. The tragedy lies in e Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, Noel S. RES. 85 having no goal to reach. It is not a disgrace Holston of the Minneapolis Star and to reach for the stars, but it is a disgrace to Resolved, That section 303(a) of the Con­ Tribune has written an article which gressional Budget Act of 1974 is hereby have no stars to reach for. appeared in the Cleveland Plain waived with respect to the consideration of As we recall the events of last year, Dealer and which talks about the S. 387, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of let us not dwell on the disaster, but on problems we have with violence on tel­ 1987. the dreams of the Challenger crew, evision. SEc. 2. This waiver is necessary so that seven bold adventurers who believed The reality is, we have created a multiyear highway legislation may be con­ that a man's reach should far exceed sidered by the Senate. Highway authoriza­ monster. We are encouraging violence tions are contract authority which when en­ his grasp and who spent their lives in our society through violence on our acted create new spending authority. To reaching for the stars. television sets. consider this multiyear highway bill such a Mr. President, I ask that this resolu­ During the last session of Congress, waiver is required by section 303(a) tion be introduced as a simple but fit­ the Senate unanimously passed a bill ting tribute to the Challenger crew and of mine which would permit the televi­ their dreams and aspirations.e sion industry people to get together to SENATE RESOLUTION 86-AU­ Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. President, Janu­ THORIZING AND REQUESTING e establish standards without violating ary 28 will mark the first anniversary antitrust laws. THE PRESIDENT TO ISSUE A of the loss of the space shuttle Chal­ PROCLAMATION DESIGNATING That still seems like a sensible solu­ lenger with its crew of seven astro­ tion to me, and I will be introducing JANUARY 28, 1987 AS SPACE nauts. The memory of that terrible SHUTTLE CHALLENGER DAY legislation along that line soon. moment is indelibly etched on our The most violent hour on TV today Mr. HOLLINGS. the people of the United States to ob­ was ordered to be printed in the to push the boundaries of our Nation RECORD, as follows: serve such day in schools and churches, or beyond the Earth just a little bit far­ other suitable places, with appropriate cere­ VIOLENCE IS RAMPANT ON EARLY EVENING TV monies, educational activities, and space-re· ther, and they did it with obvious en­ lated achievement programs in commemora­ thusiasm and energy and joy-and tion of the crew of the Space Shuttle Chal­ that may be what is most painful Flesh-eating zombies, knife-wielding mani­ lenger - of lovemaking. priation action: also serves as the scorekeeping report Special milk...... 6 3 ...... After the man went into the bathroom to for the purposes of section 311 of the Veterans compensation ...... 173 ...... shower, a character played by Dick Van Budget Act. Readjustment benefits ...... 9 Dyke slipped into the bedroom. In a se­ Federal unemployment benefits quence reminiscent of "Psycho," Van Dyke's The report follows: and allowances ...... 33 33 U.S. CONGRESS, Advances to the unemployment character stabbed the woman to death in trust fund ...... (3) (3) her bed with a big butcher knife. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, Payments to health care trust "Matlock," another early prime time Washington, DC, January 27, 1987. funds ...... (224) (224) . Hon. LAWTON CHILES, Family social services ...... 110 show, typically begins with an on-camera Medical facilities guarantee and murder. Another episode began with a Chairman, Committee on the Budget, U.S. loan fund ...... 4 . man's mistress sticking a knife in his back Senate, Washington, DC. Payment to civil service retire- as he sat down on the bed to remove his DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The attached report ment and disability fund ...... (33) (33) .. shows the effects of Congressional action on Coast Guard retired pay ...... 3 3 slippers. There are incidents of serious vio­ Civilian agency pay raises ...... __3_58 ___ 3_73 ___ lence throughout most episodes; sniper fire, the budget for fiscal year 1987. The estimat­ attempts to run people down with cars. ed totals of budget authority, outlays, and Total entitlements ...... 697 417 Why is this show running so early in the revenues are compared to the appropriate ======Total current level as of Janu- evening? Is it because NBC figured that or recommended levels contained in the ary 22, 1987 ...... 1,078,962 1,008,351 833,855 "The A Team," the previous occupant of most recent budget resolution, S. Con. Res. 1987 budget resolution (S. Con. Res. the early Tuesday slot, had so dulled view­ 120. This report meets the requirements for 120) ...... 1,o93,350 995,000 852,400 ers' sensitivities with its wall-to-wall Senate scorekeeping of Section 5 of S. Con. Amount remaining: "comic" mayhem that no one would notice Res. 32 and is current through January 22, Over budget resolution ...... 13,351 or care? 1987. The report is submitted under Section Under budget resolution . 14,388 18,545 The most blatant offenders, however, are 308(b) and in aid of Section 311 of the Con­ not the networks or the affiliated stations gressional Budget Act, as amended. Note: Numbers may not add due to rounding. 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27, 1987 IF CONGRESS HALTS CONTRA dor. A breakaway faction from Guillermo close down La Prensa, which they claimed FUNDING Ungo's guerrilla-aligned socialist party has was subversive. Without the contra war, decided to enter politics and run candidates they argued, La Prensa could have been al­ e Mr. BOSCHWITZ. Mr. President, I opposed to the ruling Christian Democrats. lowed to function. The current situation ask consent to place in the RECORD a In Nicaragua, by contrast, a broken and gives the lie to their arguments. The rebels thoughtful editorial by Ronald token opposition serves only to cement the have suffered setbacks, but the government Radosh, a historian who teaches at fig-leaf of pluralism needed to gather West­ has not moved to reopen the only free news the City University of New York. The ern support for the Sandinistas. source in the country. The real reason is article is entitled "If Congress Halts Democratic opponents of the contras have clear. La Prensa allowed the opposition to Contra Funding" and it recently ap­ argued for months that their opposition is give people the truth, and the government peared in the Wall Street Journal. Mr. to the contra war, and that they are not de­ couldn't allow the paper to function. NED fending the Sandinistas. Yet, they have funding of the paper could also be renewed Radosh gives a good description of the failed to offer any meaningful alternatives by Congress. current situation in Central America that would provide U.S. protection to the Should other steps fail, the U.S. should and outlines several things the United democratic resistance. Their actions make it consider a formal break in diplomatic rela­ States can do to assert pressure on the appear that they would remain content to tions. In an earlier era, President Woodrow Sandinistas to live up to their revolu­ sign a regional treaty with Nicaragua that Wilson gave support to the policy recom­ tion. would mean the abandonment of the oppo· mendation of his last secretary of state, There being no objection, the edito­ sition. Bainbridge Colby, who issued the Colby The new crisis, however, provides an op­ Note on Relations with Russia in August rial was ordered to be printed in the portunity. Except for the die-hards of the RECORD, as follows: 1920. Written for the secretary by the Democratic party's left wing, who probably American socialist John Spargo, the Note IF CONGRESS HALTS CONTRA FuNDING in reality favor the Sandinistas, a bipartisan proclaimed it was the intention of the U.S. To achieve this end, the disorga­ for its effect." makes the kind of active support the Sandi­ nized, weak and demolished opposition Liberal opponents of the Reagan adminis­ nistas obtained impossible to achieve. groups desperately need funding. Now is the tration have rightly objected to the hypocri­ Rather than seeking dramatic results, they time for the Congress to allocate sufficient sy involved in aiding rebel forces seeking to plead, Congress should look at their ability funds, through the already existing Nation­ overturn a government the U.S. recognizes. to sustain a long-term military presence al Endowment for Democracy, to finance an They are correct. The first step in meeting that will produce growing instability within effective campaign by the opposition forces. this objection is to break diplomatic rela­ Nicaragua. Such above-board support of a nonmilitary tions. campaign should prove hard for even the REPRESSION HAS INCREASED Democratic Party's left to oppose. SERIOUS ALTERNATIVES NEEDED Such a course is hardly likely to be adopt­ The Nicaraguan government should be Contra supporters will object that such ed. Expecting quick results, Congress seems told that internal peace depends upon their mechanisms have little chance of success; in little frame of mind to finance the kind willingness to negotiate with all interested that military muscle is the best single of enduring, indecisive guerrilla warfare parties, including the contra rebels, who will method of restraining the Sandinistas. that Messrs. Kemble and Cruz make the no doubt have enough resources to keep It remains to be seen just how the current case for. With the new scandal, the chances fighting even if Congress cuts off the aid crisis will affect the chances that remain for are even slimmer. The need for pressure pipeline. The Sandinistas should be pres­ support of the contras. I formerly was a against the regirp.e is, however, more neces­ sured to do no less than the Duarte govern­ strong opponent of any -assistance, humani­ sary than ever. ment did in El Salvador. tarian or military, to the contras. I am still Today, clearly, the extent and depth of re­ If the Sandinistas demonstrated a willing­ ambivalent about the wisdom of the U.S. pression has increased, as the Sandinistas ness to negotiate with the rebels and then providing such aid. However, everyone who move to consolidate their power and finalize allow free elections. Ronald Reagan could in genuinely cares about the condition of free­ the growing Bolshevization of the once turn apply pressure on the contras to dom in Nicaragua, whatever his views on broad-based original revolution of 1979. reduce their military activity against the the contras, has a responsibility to come up Indeed, one is struck about how little politi­ government in step with the restoration of with serious alternatives that will put effec­ cal space now exists. In contrast, since the basic freedoms in Nicaragua. The same kind tive pressure on the Sandinistas-diplomati­ demise of severe death-squad activity in El of pressure persuaded many conservative El cally, politically and economically. Failure Salvador, even the guerrilla-linked mass or­ Salvadorans to give qualified support to Mr. to do so casts adrift the entire Nicaraguan ganizations have revived, and left-led unions Duarte in 1982 and 1983. people, not just the contras. Whether such and action groups openly demonstrate and Pressure to reopen La Prensa. The Sandi­ pressure will be enough to make a differ­ parade in Jose Napoleon Duarte's El Salva- nistas used the contra war as an excuse to ence, only time will tell. But it would be a January 27, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1971 start, and would offer hope that sometime <8> Section 6427<5> . Trust Fund which is not the Mass Transit overthrew Somoza will again see a free Nica­ (9) Section 6427 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986). UNITED STATES. FINANCE COMMITTEE AP- (C) OTHER PROVISIONS.- IN GENERAL.-Subsection of section PROVED AMENDMENT TO FED­ ( 1) FLOOR STOCKS REFUNDS.-Paragraph ( 1) 4481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ERAL HIGHWAY REAUTHOR­ of section 6412 of the Internal Revenue by striking out "1988" each place it ap­ (b) REGULATIONS REQUIRED WITHIN 120 January 22, 1987, the Senate Finance pears and inserting in lieu thereof "1992", DAYS.-The Secretary of the Treasury or Committee approved an amendment and the delegate of the Secretary shall within which would extend the highway trust by striking out "1989" each place it ap­ 120 days after the date of the enactment of fund excise taxes for 4 years. The pears and inserting in lieu thereof "1993". this section prescribe regulations governing amendment will fund programs au­ (2) INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS OF HIGHWAY payment of the tax imposed by section 4481 thorized in the highway bill. In sub­ usE TAX.-Paragraph <2> of section 6156(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on stance, the revenue title approved by of such Code of section 9503 of the Internal Revenue such tax at the time such motor vehicle propriate time on the Senate floor. Code of 1986 by striking out "1988" each place it ap­ regulations may provide for denial of entry the Finance Committee approved pears and inserting in lieu thereof "1992", of such motor vehicle into the United amendment be printed in the RECORD. and States. There being no objection, the <2> by striking out "1989" each place it ap­ (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendment amendment was ordered to be printed pears and inserting in lieu thereof "1993". made by subsection shall take effect on in the RECORD, as follows: (b) EXPENDITURES FROM HIGHWAY TRUST July 1, 1987.e At the end of the bill, insert the following FuND.-Paragraph <1> of section 9503(c) of new title: the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and by striking out SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. subparagraph and inserting in lieu MORROW This title may be cited as the "Highway thereof the following new paragraphs: Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask Revenue Act of 1987". " authorized to be paid out of the unanimous consent that on tomorrow, SEC. 202. 4-YEAR EXTENSION OF HIGHWAY TRUST Highway Trust Fund under the Federal-Aid following the two orders which have FUND TAXES AND RELATED EXEMP­ Highway Act of 1987, or TIONS. already been entered for the recogni­ "(D) hereafter authorized by a law which tion of Messrs. PROXMIRE and MuR­ (a) EXTENSION OF TAXES.-The following does not authorize the expenditure out of provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of the Highway Trust Fund of any amount for KOWSKI, the following Senators be rec­ 1986 are each amended by striking out a general purpose not covered by subpara­ ognized each for not to exceed 5 min­ "1988" each place it appears and inserting graph , . or as in effect on the utes: Senators MITCHELL, REID, LEVIN, in lieu thereof "1992". date of enactment of the Federal-Aid High­ SASSER, and SPECTER. (1) Section 4041<3> . (C) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO LAND AND pore. Without objection, it is so or­ <2> Section 4051 . of section 201 of the Land and Water Con­ <3> Section 407l. 11) is amended- ORDER FOR CERTAIN ACTION (4) Section 4081 by striking out "1989" each place it ap­ Mr. BYRD. :Mr. President, I ask Superfund Revenue Act of 1986). pears and inserting in lieu thereof "1993". unanimous consent that on tomorrow <5> sections 4481<4>, and SEC. 204. CERTAIN TRANSFERS FROM HIGHWAY the period for the transaction of 4482Cd) of section 9503 of the Inter­ sion of the orders for the recognition striking out "1988" each place it appears nal Revenue Code of 1986 . following new paragraph: controlled by Mr. FoRD and by Mr. <2> Section 4041 Section 404l. (3), and <4> of subsection pore. Without objection, it is so or­ (4) Section 4221 Section 4483(f) . this section to the Highway Account Section 6420 . Mass Transit Account; except that any such <7> Section 642l , the term 'Highway Ac- could entail a tabling motion. 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27, 1987 PROGRAM Also, Mr. President, the distin­ hour of 8:35 p.m. having arrived the Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, that guished Republican leader has remind­ Senators will proceed to the Hall of means that on tomorrow, after the ed me that something should be said the House of Representatives for the two leaders have been recognized with respect to the pay raise resolu­ joint session; and upon the conclusion tion. I had indicated earlier I expected of the joint session, the Senate will under the standing order, the follow­ the vote to occur in relation to such a ing Senators will be recognized each stand in adjournment until 1 p.m., resolution before this week is out. I Wednesday, January 28, 1987. for not to exceed 5 minutes: Messrs. still expect that vote to occur before PROXMIRE, MURKOWSKI, MITCHELL, Thereupon, at 8:35 p.m., the Sena­ the week is out, Thursday or Friday, tors, proceeded by the Sergeant at REID, LEVIN, SASSER, and SPECTER. hopefully, which will be well within There will then be a period for the Arms, Henry Kuualoha Giugni; the the timeframe provided by the law on Secretary of the Senate, Walter J. transaction of morning business with such resolutions. Senators permitted to speak therein Stewart; and the Vice President, Now, Mr. President, if no Senator GEORGE BUSH, proceeded to the Hall of not to extend beyond 2 p.m., at which seeks recognition, I suggest the ab­ the House of Representatives to hear time the then unfinished business, sence of a quorum. Senate Resolution 80, will be laid The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the address by the President of the before the Senate under the order pre­ pore. The clerk will call the roll. United States, Ronald Reagan. viously entered and there will be a The assistant legislative clerk pro­