SDE _ FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT EC TENDER #: ENER / C2 / 2016-502 analysis of the results: final technical report PNO Consultants Energy Endeavour Foundation Universidad Politecnica Madrid Bergische Universität Wuppertal Technische Universiteit Delft Funded by: LEADER _ PG2 summary Solar Decathlon Europe | Tender ENER/C2/2016-502 | 2016 - 2020: Basis for this tender is Action 50 “Support to the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities and its Market Place”, Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2016 – 2017. Final objective is to ensure constant and high quality support to the Market Place of the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities (EIP-SCC) and the Solar Decathlon Europe (SDE) initiative. A consortium of former SDE organisers consolidated the results of the SDE competition event, held four times to date in Europe. In a series of four thematic reports, the group distilled the quintessential elements relevant to European partners. With fact sheets for specific audiences , the team has created a portfolio of documents that showcase actions, impact and importance of the SDE competition. The SDE has inspired millions through its unique combination of youthful enthusiasm, vigorous competition and innovative techno- logical solutions to real-world challenges. Participants have demonstrated that resource optimisation is possible by being intrepid, ingenious and responsible. Results of this tender will feed into the Smart Cities Information System, launched with the support of the European Commission to collect data on projects dealing with smart cities and buildings. SDE _ FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT _ TABLE OF CONTENTS EC TENDER #: ENER / C2 / 2016-502 PG3 table of contents: final technical report PG Executive Summary 4 Thematic Report 1 10 Thematic Report 2 64 Thematic Report 3 109 Thematic Report 4 155 Conclusions 237 Glossary 248 Colophon 259 SDE _ FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT _ TABLE OF CONTENTS EC TENDER #: ENER / C2 / 2016-502 SDE _ THEMATIC REPORTS _ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EC TENDER #: ENER / C2 / 2016-502 executive summary Funded by: THE EC TENDER ENER / C2 / 2016-502 “SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS” WAS JOINTLY CONDUCTED BY PNO CONSULTANTS, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, BERGISCHE UNIVERSITÄT WUPPERTAL, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DELFT AND THE ENERGY ENDEAVOUR FOUNDATION. THE INFORMATION AND VIEWS SET OUT IN THIS REPORT ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR(S) AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE OFFICIAL OPINION OF THE COMMISSION. THE COMMISSION DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OF THE DATA INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. NEITHER THE COMMISSION NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON THE COMMISSION’S BEHALF MAY BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR THE USE WHICH MAY BE MADE OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN. PG4 executive summary The Solar Decathlon is a university-level Competition initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2002. It was intended for American universities and consisted of designing, building and operating a prototype of energy-self-sufficient house, powered by the sun, and equipped with any technologies that would allow maximum energy efficiency. The final Competition phase consisted of assembling the prototypes on the National Mall in Washington D.C., where the ‘Solar Village’ was located, and where all the prototypes were exhibited to the public while competing in 10 different Contests that comprise the Competition (a decathlon). Its main objective was to educate the next generation of architects and engineers, making them and the public aware of the efficient use of energy, while promoting the development of integrated solar energy in houses. The Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) participated in the next three editions of the American SD Competition: in 2005 (as the first non-American university to participate in the Competition); in 2007, and again in 2009. During the 2007 Competition, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between the Spanish and U.S. Governments, by virtue of which Spain would organise two editions of the Competition in Madrid, for European Universities, giving birth to the first international Solar Decathlon Competition in Europe, known as the Solar Decathlon Europe. The Spanish Government commissioned UPM to organise the first two editions of the SDE with the aim of adapting it to European sensibilities, taking advantage of the SDE to raise awareness and educate not only European university students, but also professionals and citizens, promoting energy efficiency, renewable energy, and sustainability in our buildings and cities. The organising team articulated two additional major objectives to be developed: • To promote the innovation and generation of knowledge in systems to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, the integration of renewable energies, and the enhancement of sustainability in cities and buildings. Furthermore, this included the transfer of all this knowledge to the industry and professionals, in order to generate a critical mass of technical experts who integrate it in their daily thinking, and can apply it in their designs and technical activities. • To take advantage of the societal interest and the media attraction that the Competition awakens in the media, in order to sensitise society, from children and young people to the general public, in the responsible use of energy, the need to improve the energy efficiency of our buildings, to integrate renewable energies, and to help develop a more sustainable society. SDE _ THEMATIC REPORTS _ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EC TENDER #: ENER / C2 / 2016-502 FOREWORD _ PG6 In order to meet the challenge and the proposed objectives, many changes and innovations were incorporated into the Competition in Europe. Various strategies were developed, many of them shared with the participating Decathlete Teams; some strategies were favoured by the European Commission, and many were extended and improved in the successive European editions of the SDE Competition. This helped to clearly establish a SD Competition with a European character, different from other editions held over the years in worldwide SD chapters in the United States (SDUS), China (SDC), Latin America & Caribbean (SDLAC), the Middle East (SDME), and Africa (SDA). The main features that differentiate SDE from previous American editions were: • There was a readjustment of the Competition Rules to promote innovation, energy efficiency, sustainability, industrialization, social awareness and communication. This resulted in changes in the Competition Contests, renewing around 50% of the Competition scoring with respect to the US-DOE original. The 1 000 points of the Competition were distributed in the US SD in ten Contests each with 100 points. In the SDE they were distributed according to the importance attributed to each Contest, with 120, 100 or 80 points. 400 of the points came from four Contests related to the functioning of the houses, which in the initial SDE was reduced to 120 points in one Contest, freeing up points to distribute in other Contests and new sub-contests to explicitly promote the above-mentioned European values. These contests have progressively evolved in the successive European editions, forming one of the significant points of identity of the European editions. Some of the European contests have been incorporated in successive editions in the United States, China, Latin-American, Middle East, and African editions of the Solar Decathlon. SDE _ THEMATIC REPORTS _ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EC TENDER #: ENER / C2 / 2016-502 FOREWORD _ PG7 • Another fundamental strategic decision in the first three editions of the SDE was to assume and promote that, while the SDE fundamental consists of the university Competition, it offers great and additional potential as an event encompassing parallel awareness activities. This was a second significant point distinguishing the SDE from other editions. The Competition as a stand-alone action was examined and analysed, to the conclusion that complementary and parallel outreach and awareness activities could generate extraordinary public interest, thus maximising the attractiveness of the Competition, educational and social opportunities, powerful media impact, and the important incentives attracting sponsorship support. In short, in order to take advantage of the potential offered by the SDE, it was necessary to organise both the Competition and its associated activities in an integrated manner, providing cohesive content to attract the broad audiences. The organisation of the first editions had separate persons each assigned to manage the Competition and the event. The objectives and strategies were shared with the participating universities, to reach the citizens of their respective communities. It is worthy to highlight the commitment and enthusiasm of the students, their professors, and their universities: • Funded by the European Commission within its Intelligent Energy Programme, the 10Action project highlighted one of the most successful SDE outreach strategies. The 10Action project stimulated the development of educational and awareness activities for important target groups corresponding both to future generations (children & teenagers, and university students), and the current generation of professionals and citizens (general public, professionals, and industry). The leverage of the 10Action investment fostered dozens of activities in twelve European countries, with the participation of more than 187,000 people, amplifying the potential impact of the SDE through supported communication actions and plans.