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Scoping Study on the Culture Sector in Somalia

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Scoping Study on the Culture Sector in Somalia Scoping Study on the Culture Sector in Somalia A Research Study Report December 2013 Scoping Study on the Culture Sector in Somalia Copyright This publication is not for commercial use. No part of the Report may be reproduced in any form including copying or manipulating its content for private interests, without prior or written permission from UNESCO. Non-profit organizations, however may freely distribute part of the publication where there is no financial gain. © UNESCO 2014 All rights reserved The authors of this report are responsible for the choice and the presentation of facts and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designation employed and presentation of information do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ii Executive Summary Acknowledgements This Study is the result of a global consultation process involving many scholars and experts in the field of culture in Somalia, including representatives from Government Departments and international partner agencies. UNESCO wishes to thank all those persons who contributed to its development and would like to acknowledge the contributions from colleagues of the European Union Mission to Somalia. The Scoping Study on the Culture of Somalia Team UNESCO Team: Mulekeni Ngulube Michael Croft Julie Dahan Marc Patry Walter Matoke Authors: Quetzalli Padilla Gustavo Trigo-Arana Final Edit: Gustavo Trigo-Arana iii Scoping Study on the Culture Sector in Somalia Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ iii List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. vi Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ vii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... viii Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Description and objective .......................................................................................................... 1 B. Justification and purpose .......................................................................................................... 1 C. Methodology and structure of the study .................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1: Context of Somali Culture ................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Geographical information ..................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Anthropological and demographic information ................................................................. 5 1.3 Socio-cultural information .................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 The clan system, leadership and conflict resolution ......................................................... 7 1.3.2 Domestic unit and gender roles ....................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 Arts, education & culture ................................................................................................ 9 1.3.4 Shelter and food in daily life in rural and urban somalia ................................................ 11 1.3.5 Language .................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.6 Religion ........................................................................................................................ 12 1.3.7 Traditional beliefs and rituals ........................................................................................ 12 1.4 Cultural expressions ............................................................................................................. 13 1.4.1 Poetry and literature ..................................................................................................... 14 1.4.2 Painting, carving, textile ............................................................................................... 14 1.4.3 Performance arts and film industry .............................................................................. 16 1.4.4 Somalia: a land of poets ............................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2: Current Situation of the Culture Sector in Somalia ....................................................... 19 2.1 Current political challenges faced by Somalia ................................................................... 20 2.2 Institutional policy and legal frameworks in the culture sector ....................................... 21 2.2.1 Somalia federal institutions ........................................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Somalia regional institutions ......................................................................................... 23 2.2.3 Intergovernmental academy of Somali language ........................................................... 24 2.3 International legal framework ............................................................................................ 25 Chapter 3: Directory of On-going and Planned Interventions in the Culture Sector ................... 27 3.1 Cultural property ................................................................................................................. 27 3.1.1 Digitisation of radio Mogadishu archives ...................................................................... 27 3.1.2 The reconstruction of the Somali National Library ........................................................ 27 iv Table of Contents 3.2 Cultural industries ................................................................................................................ 29 3.2.1 Restoring the somali oral tradition and literature ........................................................... 29 3.2.2 Recreating Somalia´s film industry ................................................................................. 29 3.2.3 Refreshing Somali cultural memory through visual expressions ...................................... 30 3.3 Intangible heritage .............................................................................................................. 30 3.3.1 Transforming Somali youth through social media .......................................................... 31 3.3.2 Promoting peace among the youth through music ....................................................... 32 3.4 Protection and conservation of somalia’s architectural tangible heritage ..................... 33 3.4.1 Mogadishu as a historical coastal town ......................................................................... 33 3.4.2 Young diaspora’s initiatives in the preservation of cultural heritage and the environment ................................................................................................................. 34 3.5 Research in archaeological tangible heritage .................................................................... 35 Chapter 4: Interface between Education and Culture .................................................................... 37 4.1 Political commitment ............................................................................................................ 37 4.2 A new curricula for a new era ............................................................................................. 38 4.3 Education through the generations .................................................................................. 39 4.3.1 Religious education ..................................................................................................... 39 4.4 A knowledge of society ...................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 5: The Role of Culture in Somalia’s Development ............................................................. 41 5.1 Culture and development ................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Somalia's cultural assets for development ......................................................................... 41 5.3 The benefits of cultural development for Somalia ............................................................ 42 Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................. 43 A. General findings of the Somalia culture sector analysis ........................................................... 43 B. Strategy for the revitalisation of the culture sector in Somalia .................................................. 43 Strategic priority areas .................................................................................................................... 44 Annexes Annex A: UNESCO Recent Interventions in the Culture Sector in Somalia ....................................
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