ATSC Standard A/52:2018
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ATSCA/52:2018 Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3) 25 January 2018 ATSC Standard: Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3) Doc. A/52:2018 25 January 2018 Advanced Television Systems Committee 1776 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 202-872-9160 i ATSCA/52:2018 Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3) 25 January 2018 The Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc., is an international, non-profit organization developing voluntary standards for digital television. The ATSC member organizations represent the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite, and semiconductor industries. Specifically, ATSC is working to coordinate television standards among different communications media focusing on digital television, interactive systems, and broadband multimedia communications. ATSC is also developing digital television implementation strategies and presenting educational seminars on the ATSC standards. ATSC was formed in 1982 by the member organizations of the Joint Committee on InterSociety Coordination (JCIC): the Electronic Industries Association (EIA), the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA), and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). Currently, there are approximately 140 members representing the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite, and semiconductor industries. ATSC Digital TV Standards include digital high definition television (HDTV), standard definition television (SDTV), data broadcasting, multichannel surround-sound audio, and satellite direct-to-home broadcasting. NOTE: The user's attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the validity of this claim or of any patent rights in connection therewith. One or more patent holders have, however, filed a statement regarding the terms on which such patent holder(s) may be willing to grant a license under these rights to individuals or entities desiring to obtain such a license. Details may be obtained from the ATSC Secretary and the patent holder. ii ATSCA/52:2018 Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3) 25 January 2018 A/52 Revision History Version Approval Date A/52 10 November 1994 Annex A, “AC-3 Elementary Streams in an MPEG-2 Multiplex” 12 April 1995 Annex B, “AC-3 Data Stream in IEC958 Interface” 20 December 1995 Annex C, “AC-3 Karaoke Mode” 20 December 1995 A/52A 20 August 2001 Revision A corrected some errata in the detailed specifications, revised Annex A to include additional information about the DVB standard, removed Annex B that described an interface specification, and added a new annex, “Alternate Bit Stream Syntax,” which contributes (in a compatible fashion) some new features to the AC-3 bit stream. A/52B 14 June 2005 Revision B corrected some errata in the detailed specifications, and added a new annex, then titled “Enhanced AC-3 Bit Stream Syntax” which specified a non-backwards compatible syntax that offers additional coding tools and features. Informative references were removed from the body of the document and placed in a new Annex B. This version added new definitions for terms such as “frame” and “synchronization frame” that extended their original meanings without clearly noting the extensions. A/52:2010 22 November 2010 The 2010 revision of this standard restored the document structure to place the Scope as Section 1, restored Informative References, and made significant adjustments to Annex A in response to a request from CEA to clarify the semantics for AC-3 Elementary Streams in the MPEG-2 TS. Minor textual adjustments were made in as well. A/52:2012 23 March 2012 The 2012 revision of this standard changed the title of Annex E from “Enhanced AC-3 (E-AC-3) Bit Stream Syntax” to “Enhanced AC-3.” In addition, it added two new Annexes, Annex F titled “AC-3 and Enhanced AC-3 bit streams in the ISO Base Media File Format” and Annex G titled “Enhanced AC-3 Elementary Streams in the MPEG-2 Multiplex “(intended to match Annex A in structure and scope). It also clarified the “overloaded” terms added in Revision B; e.g., older versions of this standard used the terms “frame,” “synchronization frame” and “syncframe” interchangeably and had the same meaning. Subsequently the term “audio frame” was added and has a different meaning thus addressing some issues left by Revision B. Note: An updated version of this document was published on 17 May 2012 that corrected prefix letters in the table of contents. Corrigendum No. 1 17 December 2012 This corrigendum addresses service_type term overload by renaming the field in A/52 Annex G to audio_service_type. A/52:2015 24 November 2015 This revision added documentation for all of the audio service types matching the signaling in the “bsmod” data field, as well as documenting the use of an optional new structure defined by ETSI. A/52:2018 25 January 2018 This revision was developed to address various errata, update the external references as needed, and perform editorial updates as needed. The revision also expands Annex H to add a citation to the new ETSI TS 103 420 (“Backwards-compatible object audio carriage using Enhanced AC-3”). iii ATSCA/52:2018 Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3) 25 January 2018 Table of Contents 1. SCOPE 1 2. INTRODUCTION 1 2.1 Motivation 1 2.2 Encoding 2 2.3 Decoding 4 3. REFERENCES 4 3.1 Normative References 4 3.2 Informative References 5 4. DEFINITION OF TERMS 5 4.1 Compliance Notation 5 4.2 Treatment of Syntactic Elements 6 4.2.1 Reserved Elements 6 4.3 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms 6 4.3.1 Terms 6 4.3.2 Syntactical Abbreviations 7 4.3.3 Audio Service Terms 10 5. BIT STREAM SYNTAX 11 5.1 Synchronization Frame 11 5.2 Semantics of Syntax Specification 12 5.3 Syntax Specification 12 5.3.1 syncinfo: Synchronization Information 13 5.3.2 bsi: Bit Stream Information 14 5.3.3 audioblk: Audio Block 15 5.3.4 auxdata: Auxiliary Data 19 5.3.5 errorcheck: Error Detection Code 20 5.4 Description of Bit Stream Elements 20 5.4.1 syncinfo: Synchronization Information 20 5.4.1.1 syncword: Synchronization Word, 16 Bits 20 5.4.1.2 crc1: Cyclic Redundancy Check 1, 16 Bits 20 5.4.1.3 fscod: Sample Rate Code, 2 Bits 20 5.4.1.4 frmsizecod: Frame Size Code, 6 Bits 20 5.4.2 bsi: Bit Stream Information 21 5.4.2.1 bsid: Bit Stream Identification, 5 Bits 21 5.4.2.2 bsmod: Bit Stream Mode, 3 Bits 21 5.4.2.3 acmod: Audio Coding Mode, 3 Bits 21 5.4.2.4 cmixlev: Center Mix Level, 2 Bits 22 5.4.2.5 surmixlev: Surround Mix Level, 2 Bits 22 5.4.2.6 dsurmod: Dolby Surround Mode, 2 Bits 22 5.4.2.7 lfeon: Low Frequency Effects Channel on, 1 Bit 23 5.4.2.8 dialnorm: Dialogue Normalization, 5 Bits 23 5.4.2.9 compre: Compression Gain Word Exists, 1 Bit 23 5.4.2.10 compr: Compression Gain Word, 8 Bits 23 5.4.2.11 langcode: Language Code Exists, 1 Bit 23 5.4.2.12 langcod: Language Code, 8 Bits 23 5.4.2.13 audprodie: Audio Production Information Exists, 1 Bit 23 iv ATSCA/52:2018 Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3) 25 January 2018 5.4.2.14 mixlevel: Mixing Level, 5 Bits 23 5.4.2.15 roomtyp: Room Type, 2 Bits 24 5.4.2.16 dialnorm2: Dialogue Normalization, ch2, 5 Bits 24 5.4.2.17 compr2e: Compression Gain Word Exists, ch2, 1 Bit 24 5.4.2.18 compr2: Compression Gain Word, ch2, 8 Bits 24 5.4.2.19 langcod2e: Language Code Exists, ch2, 1 Bit 24 5.4.2.20 langcod2: Language Code, ch2, 8 Bits 24 5.4.2.21 audprodi2e: Audio Production Information Exists, ch2, 1 Bit 24 5.4.2.22 mixlevel2: Mixing Level, ch2, 5 Bits 24 5.4.2.23 roomtyp2: Room Type, ch2, 2 Bits 25 5.4.2.24 copyrightb: Copyright Bit, 1 Bit 25 5.4.2.25 origbs: Original Bit Stream, 1 Bit 25 5.4.2.26 timecod1e, timcode2e: Time Code (first and second) Halves Exist, 2 Bits 25 5.4.2.27 timecod1: Time Code First Half, 14 Bits 25 5.4.2.28 timecod2: Time Code Second Half, 14 Bits 25 5.4.2.29 addbsie: Additional Bit Stream Information Exists, 1 Bit 25 5.4.2.30 addbsil: Additional Bit Stream Information Length, 6 Bits 25 5.4.2.31 addbsi: Additional Bit Stream Information, [(addbsil+1) × 8] Bits 26 5.4.3 audblk: Audio Block 26 5.4.3.1 blksw[ch]: Block Switch Flag, 1 Bit 26 5.4.3.2 dithflag[ch]: Dither Flag, 1 Bit 26 5.4.3.3 dynrnge:-Dynamic Range Gain Word Exists, 1 Bit 26 5.4.3.4 dynrng: Dynamic Range Gain Word, 8 Bits 26 5.4.3.5 dynrng2e: Dynamic Range Gain Word Exists, ch2, 1 Bit 26 5.4.3.6 dynrng2: Dynamic Range Gain Word ch2, 8 Bits 26 5.4.3.7 cplstre: Coupling Strategy Exists, 1 Bit 26 5.4.3.8 cplinu: Coupling in Use, 1 Bit 26 5.4.3.9 chincpl[ch]: Channel in Coupling, 1 Bit 27 5.4.3.10 phsflginu: Phase Flags in Use, 1 Bit 27 5.4.3.11 cplbegf: Coupling Begin Frequency Code, 4 Bits 27 5.4.3.12 cplendf: Coupling end Frequency Code, 4 Bits 27 5.4.3.13 cplbndstrc[sbnd]: Coupling Band Structure, 1 Bit 27 5.4.3.14 cplcoe[ch]: Coupling Coordinates Exist, 1 Bit 27 5.4.3.15 mstrcplco[ch]: Master Coupling Coordinate, 2 Bits 28 5.4.3.16 cplcoexp[ch][bnd]: Coupling Coordinate Exponent, 4 Bits 28 5.4.3.17 cplcomant[ch][bnd]: Coupling Coordinate Mantissa, 4 Bits 28 5.4.3.18 phsflg[bnd]: Phase Flag, 1 Bit 28 5.4.3.19 rematstr: Rematrixing Strategy, 1 Bit 28 5.4.3.20 rematflg[rbnd]: Rematrix Flag, 1 Bit 28 5.4.3.21 cplexpstr: Coupling Exponent Strategy, 2 Bits 29 5.4.3.22 chexpstr[ch]: Channel Exponent Strategy, 2 Bits 29 5.4.3.23 lfeexpstr: Low Frequency Effects