Digital-High Definition Television Servicing Curriculum for Santa Ana Community College
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Comparison of HDTV Formats Using Objective Video Quality Measures
Multimed Tools Appl DOI 10.1007/s11042-009-0441-2 Comparison of HDTV formats using objective video quality measures Emil Dumic & Sonja Grgic & Mislav Grgic # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 Abstract In this paper we compare some of the objective quality measures with subjective, in several HDTV formats, to be able to grade the quality of the objective measures. Also, comparison of objective and subjective measures between progressive and interlaced video signal will be presented to determine which scanning emission format is better, even if it has different resolution format. Several objective quality measures will be tested, to examine the correlation with the subjective test, using various performance measures. Keywords Video quality . PSNR . VQM . SSIM . TSCES . HDTV. H.264/AVC . RMSE . Correlation 1 Introduction High-Definition Television (HDTV) acceptance in home environments directly depends on two key factors: the availability of adequate HDTV broadcasts to the consumer’s home and the availability of HDTV display devices at mass market costs [6]. Although the United States, Japan and Australia have been broadcasting HDTV for some years, real interest of the general public appeared recently with the severe reduction of HDTV home equipment price. Nowadays many broadcasters in Europe have started to offer HDTV broadcasts as part of Pay-TV bouquets (like BSkyB, Sky Italia, Premiere, Canal Digital ...). Other major public broadcasters in Europe have plans for offering HDTV channels in the near future. The announcement of Blu-Ray Disc and Game consoles with HDTV resolutions has also increased consumer demand for HDTV broadcasting. The availability of different HDTV image formats such as 720p/50, 1080i/25 and 1080p/50 places the question for many users which HDTV format should be used with which compression algorithm, together with the corresponding bit rate. -
Digital Television Systems
This page intentionally left blank Digital Television Systems Digital television is a multibillion-dollar industry with commercial systems now being deployed worldwide. In this concise yet detailed guide, you will learn about the standards that apply to fixed-line and mobile digital television, as well as the underlying principles involved, such as signal analysis, modulation techniques, and source and channel coding. The digital television standards, including the MPEG family, ATSC, DVB, ISDTV, DTMB, and ISDB, are presented toaid understanding ofnew systems in the market and reveal the variations between different systems used throughout the world. Discussions of source and channel coding then provide the essential knowledge needed for designing reliable new systems.Throughout the book the theory is supported by over 200 figures and tables, whilst an extensive glossary defines practical terminology.Additional background features, including Fourier analysis, probability and stochastic processes, tables of Fourier and Hilbert transforms, and radiofrequency tables, are presented in the book’s useful appendices. This is an ideal reference for practitioners in the field of digital television. It will alsoappeal tograduate students and researchers in electrical engineering and computer science, and can be used as a textbook for graduate courses on digital television systems. Marcelo S. Alencar is Chair Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil. With over 29 years of teaching and research experience, he has published eight technical books and more than 200 scientific papers. He is Founder and President of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom) and has consulted for several companies and R&D agencies. -
BA(Prog)III Yr 14/04/2020 Displays Interlacing and Progressive Scan
BA(prog)III yr 14/04/2020 Displays • Colored phosphors on a cathode ray tube (CRT) screen glow red, green, or blue when they are energized by an electron beam. • The intensity of the beam varies as it moves across the screen, some colors glow brighter than others. • Finely tuned magnets around the picture tube aim the electrons onto the phosphor screen, while the intensity of the beamis varied according to the video signal. This is why you needed to keep speakers (which have strong magnets in them) away from a CRT screen. • A strong external magnetic field can skew the electron beam to one area of the screen and sometimes caused a permanent blotch that cannot be fixed by degaussing—an electronic process that readjusts the magnets that guide the electrons. • If a computer displays a still image or words onto a CRT for a long time without changing, the phosphors will permanently change, and the image or words can become visible, even when the CRT is powered down. Screen savers were invented to prevent this from happening. • Flat screen displays are all-digital, using either liquid crystal display (LCD) or plasma technologies, and have replaced CRTs for computer use. • Some professional video producers and studios prefer CRTs to flat screen displays, claiming colors are brighter and more accurately reproduced. • Full integration of digital video in cameras and on computers eliminates the analog television form of video, from both the multimedia production and the delivery platform. • If your video camera generates a digital output signal, you can record your video direct-to-disk, where it is ready for editing. -
A Review and Comparison on Different Video Deinterlacing
International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 A Review and Comparison on Different Video Deinterlacing Methodologies 1Boyapati Bharathidevi,2Kurangi Mary Sujana,3Ashok kumar Balijepalli 1,2,3 Asst.Professor,Universal College of Engg & Technology,Perecherla,Guntur,AP,India-522438 [email protected],[email protected],[email protected] Abstract— Video deinterlacing is a key technique in Interlaced videos are generally preferred in video broadcast digital video processing, particularly with the widespread and transmission systems as they reduce the amount of data to usage of LCD and plasma TVs. Interlacing is a widely used be broadcast. Transmission of interlaced videos was widely technique, for television broadcast and video recording, to popular in various television broadcasting systems such as double the perceived frame rate without increasing the NTSC [2], PAL [3], SECAM. Many broadcasting agencies bandwidth. But it presents annoying visual artifacts, such as made huge profits with interlaced videos. Video acquiring flickering and silhouette "serration," during the playback. systems on many occasions naturally acquire interlaced video Existing state-of-the-art deinterlacing methods either ignore and since this also proved be an efficient way, the popularity the temporal information to provide real-time performance of interlaced videos escalated. but lower visual quality, or estimate the motion for better deinterlacing but with a trade-off of higher computational cost. The question `to interlace or not to interlace' divides the TV and the PC communities. A proper answer requires a common understanding of what is possible nowadays in deinterlacing video signals. This paper outlines the most relevant methods, and provides a relative comparison. -
Video Terminology Video Standards Progressive Vs
VIDEO TERMINOLOGY VIDEO STANDARDS 1. NTSC - 525 Scanlines/frame rate - 30fps North & Central America, Phillipines & Taiwan . NTSC J - Japan has a darker black 2. PAL - 625 scanlines 25 fps Europe, Scandinavia parts of Asia, Pacific & South Africa. PAL in Brazil is 30fps and PAL colours 3. SECAM France Russia Middle East and North Africa PROGRESSIVE VS INTERLACED VIDEO All computer monitors use a progressive scan - each scan line in sequence. Interlacing is only for CRT monitors. LCD monitors work totally differently - no need to worry about. Interlacing is for broadcast TV. Every other line displayed alternatively. FRAME RATES As we transition from analogue video to digitla video. Film is 24 fps, PAL video 25 fps. NTSC 30fps. Actually film and NTSC are slightly different but we don't need to worry about that for now. IMAGE SIZE All video is shot at 72 px/inch - DV NTSC - 720 x 480 (SD is 720 x 486) DV PAL - 720 x 576 (SD PAL is 720 x 576) HD comes in both progressive and interlaced. HD480i is usual broadcast TV 480p is 480 progressive. 720i is 720 interlaced 720p is progressive. 720 means 720 vertical lines 1080 is 1080 vertical lines. 1080i is most popular. 720p is 1280 x 720, HD 1080 is 1920x1080px. All HD formats are 16:9 aspect ratio. Traditional TV is 4:3 aspect ratio. HDV is 1440 x 1080. New format - is it the new HD version of DV? Cameras like the Sony and JVC make minor alterations to this format when shooting In summary HD 1080i = 1920 x 1080 HD 720p = 1280 x 720 Traditional = 720 x 480 (NTSC) 720 x 576 (PAL) VIDEO OUTPUTS Analog Composite, S-Video, Component in increasing quality. -
LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, and Zenith
Before the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C. 20230 In the Matter of ) ) Implementation and Administration of a ) Docket Number Coupon Program for Digital-to-Analog ) 060512129-6129-01 Converter Boxes ) COMMENTS OF LG ELECTRONICS U.S.A., INC. LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. (“LG Electronics”) hereby submits these comments in response to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“Notice”) released by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (“NTIA”) on July 25, 2006,1 concerning the agency’s implementation and administration of the digital-to-analog converter box coupon program mandated by the Digital Television Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005 (the “DTV Act”).2 With a firm deadline now in place for full-power television stations to cease analog broadcasting, it is imperative that the coupon program be conducted in a manner that not only minimizes the burden on those consumers requiring converter boxes but also maximizes the number of Americans able to enjoy the benefits of digital technology. In this regard, LG Electronics applauds NTIA for the comprehensive Notice, which obviously recognizes the critical importance of this final component to the nation’s 1 71 Fed. Reg. 42,067 (July 25, 2006) (“Notice”). 2 Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-171, § 3005, 120 Stat. 4, 23-24 (2006) (“DTV Act”). transition to digital television (“DTV”) broadcasting. As a long-time leader in DTV technology and public policy matters, LG Electronics is pleased to respond. I. LG Electronics’ Role in the DTV Transition LG Electronics is the world’s leading manufacturer of television sets and the world’s largest manufacturer of flat-panel displays. -
Ensuring PMCP/PSIP Interoperability
June 30, 2008 Ensuring PMCP/PSIP Interoperability Recognizing the need for improved industry-wide PMCP interoperability, and thus more accurate PSIP, the ATSC has formed a new Working Group on PSIP Workflow Interoperability, PC-7. This group, reports to the ATSC’s Planning Committee and is chaired by Chris Lennon of Harris Corporation, who provided this contribution to TV TechCheck. For those not familiar with it, PMCP (ATSC Standard A/76B) is the Programming Metadata Communication Protocol. It provides a standardized means of communicating PSIP-related data among the systems that manage it. PMCP has been around for some time, and has recently enjoyed a significant uptake in the industry as interest in and awareness of the need for dynamic, accurate PSIP increases. Part of the scope of the ATSC Planning Committee is to “support the use of ATSC standards and recommended practices through activities such as education, training, demonstrations and fostering interoperability.” The goal of the PC-7 Working Group is to assemble a group of broadcasters and vendors who are implementing (or plan to implement) dynamic PSIP by way of PMCP interfaces between systems such as listing services, program management, traffic, automation, and PSIP generator systems. The group will work to improve interoperability of these systems by way of information exchange regarding PMCP and implementation issues, both on regular conference calls, and at one or more in-person interoperability sessions in Toronto in late Fall 2008. The PC-7 Working Group hopes to provide members a forum in which vendors and broadcasters can work out interoperability details in an open, cooperative environment, benefiting not only the vendors, but the broadcasters who will be implementing these interfaces. -
Video Source File Specifications
Video Source File Specifications Limelight recommends the following specifications for all video source files. Adherence to these specifications will result in optimal playback quality and efficient uploading to your account. Edvance360 Best Practices Videos should be under 1 Gig for best results (download speed and mobile devices), but our limit per file is 2 Gig for Lessons MP4 is the optimum format for uploading videos Compress the video to resolution of 1024 x 768 Limelight does compress the video, but it's best if it's done on the original file A resolution is 1080p or less is recommended Recommended frame rate is 30fps Note: The maximum file size for Introduction Videos in Courses is 50MB. This is located in Courses > Settings > Details > Introduction Video. Ideal Source File In general, a source file that represents the following will produce the best results: MP4 file (H.264/ACC-LC) Fast Start (MOOV atom at the front of file) Progressive scan (no interlacing) Frame rate of 24 (23.98), 25, or 30 (29.97) fps A Bitrate between 5,000 - 8,000 Kbps 720p resolution Detailed Recommendations The table below provides detailed recommendations (CODECs, containers, Bitrates, resolutions, etc.) for all video source material uploaded to a Limelight Account: Source File Element Recommendations Video CODEC Recommended CODEC: H.264 Accepted but not Recommended: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, VP6, VP5, H.263, Windows Media Video 7 (WMV1), Windows Media Video 8 (WMV2), Windows Media Video 9 (WMV3) Audio CODEC Recommended CODEC: AAC-LC Accepted but not Recommended: MP3, MP2, WMA, WMA Pro, PCM, WAV Container MP4 Source File Element Recommendations Fast-Start Make sure your source file is created with the 'MOOV atom' at the front of the file. -
Download ATSC 3.0 Implementation Guide
ATSC 3.0 Transition and Implementation Guide INTRODUCTION This document was developed to provide broadcasters with ATSC 3.0 information that can inform investment and technical decisions required to move from ATSC 1.0 to ATSC 3.0. It also guides broadcasters who are planning for its adoption while also planning for channel changes during the FCC Spectrum Repack Program. This document, finalized September 9, 2016, will be updated periodically as insight and additional information is made available from industry testing and implementation of the new standard. This document was developed by the companies and organizations listed in the Appendix. Updates to the Guide are open to input from all companies and individuals that wish to contribute. Those interested in suggesting changes or updates to this document can do so at [email protected]. 2 ATSC 3.0 Transition and Implementation Guide EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Television service continues to evolve as content distributors – from traditional cable operators to internet-delivered services – utilize the latest technologies to reach viewers and offer a wide variety of program choices. New receiving devices are easily connected to the internet, which relies on the language of Internet Protocol (IP) to transport content. Now terrestrial broadcasters are preparing both for the adoption of an IP-ready next-generation digital TV (DTV) standard and a realignment of the U.S. TV spectrum. Viewers are already buying high-quality displays that respond to 4K Ultra HDTV signals and High Dynamic Range (HDR) capabilities. Immersive and personalized audio is also emerging, with the ability to enhance the quality and variety of audio. -
Hdtv (High Definition Television)
WHITE PAPER HDTV (High DefinitionT elevision) and video surveillance Table of contents Introduction 3 1. HDTV impact on video surveillance market 3 2. Development of HDTV 3 3. How HDTV works 4 4. HDTV standardization 6 5. HDTV formats 6 6. Benefits ofH DTV in video surveillance 6 7. Conclusion 7 Introduction The TV market is moving rapidly towards high-definition television, HDTV. This change brings truly re- markable improvements in image quality and color fidelity. HDTV provides up to five times higher resolu- tion and twice the linear resolution compared with traditional, analog TV. Furthermore, HDTV comes with wide screen format and DVD-quality audio. Growth in the consumer market for HDTV is impressive. In 2007 the HDTV household penetration in the U.S. was approximately 35%. According to estimates, 85% of all viewers will have an HDTV set at home by 2012. Already today, virtually all major television productions are HD. The two most important HDTV standards today are SMPTE 296M and SMPTE 274M, which are defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, SMPTE. 1. HDTV impact on video surveillance market This development is now starting to have an impact on the video surveillance market, as customers ask for higher image quality standard. The possibility of clearer, sharper images is a long sought quality in the surveillance industry, i.e. in applications where objects are moving or accurate identification is vital. It can be argued that some of these requirements can be met with megapixel network cameras. How- ever the notion of “megapixel” is not a recognized standard but rather an adaptation of the industry’s best practices and it refers specifically to the number of image sensor elements of the digital camera. -
Video Processor, Video Upconversion & Signal Switching
81LumagenReprint 3/1/04 1:01 PM Page 1 Equipment Review Lumagen VisionPro™ Video Processor, Video Upconversion & Signal Switching G REG R OGERS Lumagen VisionPro™ Reviewer’s Choice The Lumagen VisionPro™ Video Processor is the type of product that I like to review. First and foremost, it delivers excep- tional performance. Second, it’s an out- standing value. It provides extremely flexi- ble scaling functions and valuable input switching that isn’t included on more expen- sive processors. Third, it works as adver- tised, without frustrating bugs or design errors that compromise video quality or ren- Specifications: der important features inoperable. Inputs: Eight Programmable Inputs (BNC); Composite (Up To 8), S-Video (Up To 8), Manufactured In The U.S.A. By: Component (Up To 4), Pass-Through (Up To 2), “...blends outstanding picture SDI (Optional) Lumagen, Inc. Outputs: YPbPr/RGB (BNC) 15075 SW Koll Parkway, Suite A quality with extremely Video Processing: 3:2 & 2:2 Pulldown Beaverton, Oregon 97006 Reconstruction, Per-Pixel Motion-Adaptive Video Tel: 866 888 3330 flexible scaling functions...” Deinterlacing, Detail-Enhancing Resolution www.lumagen.com Scaling Output Resolutions: 480p To 1080p In Scan Line Product Overview Increments, Plus 1080i Dimensions (WHD Inches): 17 x 3-1/2 x 10-1/4 Price: $1,895; SDI Input Option, $400 The VisionPro ($1,895) provides two important video functions—upconversion and source switching. The versatile video processing algorithms deliver extensive more to upconversion than scaling. Analog rithms to enhance edge sharpness while control over input and output formats. Video source signals must be digitized, and stan- virtually eliminating edge-outlining artifacts. -
NEWS Release
NEWS Release SINCLAIR BROADCAST GROUP CONGRATULATES TSDSI AND ATSC FOR SIGNING STANDARDS ADOPTION AGREEMENT ATSC 3.0 Comes to India Hunt Valley, MD (March 29, 2021) – Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. (“Sinclair”) (Nasdaq: SBGI) and ONE Media 3.0, LLC (“ONE Media”) applaud the Telecom Standards Development Society, India (TSDSI) and the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) for signing an agreement to enable adoption of ATSC standards for broadcast services on mobile devices in India. As members of both standards organizations, Sinclair and ONE Media have actively supported co- operative efforts between TSDSI and ATSC on this agreement as well as detailed standards contributions and joint U.S. and Indian activities. Of particular significance, ATSC 3.0, the world’s first Internet-Protocol-based television broadcast standard, has many elements of convergence and compatibility with international telecom standards that have been recognized by this agreement as a strong candidate for Direct-to-Mobile broadcast for the billion strong mobile user base in India. Developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee, the ATSC 3.0 standard has been adopted in both the United States and the Republic of Korea. Unlike other digital terrestrial broadcast standards including the European DVB-T, Japanese/Brazilian ISDB-T, and Chinese DTMB platforms, it is purpose-built for the modern 5G telecom era of convergence with the ability to introduce new waveforms and features for rapidly evolving use cases. “We’re delighted that leaders in broadcast and telecom standards are charting a way forward to break traditional walls between these verticals in the interest of creating the most cost-effective broadcast solution for massive cellularized deployment.