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Universitas Sumatera Utara Fakultas Ekonomi Medan UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS EKONOMI MEDAN ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN PEMBANGUNAN ANTARA KOTA MEDAN DENGAN KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN Proposal Skripsi Diajukan oleh : NAMA : FITRI R. MANIK NIM : 050501079 DEPARTEMEN : EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Ekonomi 2009 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketimpangan pembangunan antara Kota Medan dengan Kabupaten Simalungun dan melihat apakah hipotesis kuznets berlaku di kedua wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan jumlah penduduk yang diperoleh dari kantor Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Sebagai alat analisis pembahasan digunakan Indeks Williamson, Hipotesis Kuznets, Tipologi Klassen, dan Korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi ketimpangan pembangunan sedang di Kota Medan (IW = 0,3-0,5) dan ketimpangan pembangunan rendah untuk Kabupaten Simalungun (IW < 0,3), serta hipotesis kuznets berlaku untuk kedua wilayah tersebut. Berdasarkan tipologi klassen, Kota Medan termasuk daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh (Kuadran I) dan Kabupaten Simalungun termasuk daerah yang cepat berkembang (Kuadran III). Hasil analisis korelasi pearson menunjukkan korelasi yang lemah antara pertumbuhan PDRB dengan indeks williamson dan tidak signifikan untuk Kota Medan dan Kabupaten Simalungun. Kata kunci : Ketimpangan Pembangunan, Indeks Williamson, Hipotesis Kuznets, Korelasi Pearson ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to analyse development disparity between Medan and Simalungun Regency and to observe kuznet’s hypothesis are occurred in both of the regions. This research use secondary data, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) percapita and the number of population obtained from North Sumatera Statistics Central Board. Analysed this study using Williamson Index, Kuznets Hypothesis, Klassen Tipology, and Pearson Correlation. The results of this research reveal that medium development disparity happened in Medan (IW = 0,3-0,5) and low development disparity for Simalungun Regency (IW < 0,3), and also kuznets hypothes are valid for both of the regions. According to klassen tipology, Medan included to high growth and high income area (Quadrant I) and Simalungun Regency included to high growth but low income area (Quadrant III). Pearson correlation show the low correlation between GRDP growth with williamson index and unsignificant for Medan and Simalungun Regency. Keyword : Development Regional Disparity, Williamson Index, Kuznets Hypothesis, Pearson Correlation. KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan Syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah melimpahkan berkat dan karuniaNya sehingga penulis mampu menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini guna memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ekonomi pada Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penulis menyadari bahwa selama penulisan skripsi ini, penulis telah banyak mendapatkan bantuan, bimbingan dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar- besarnya kepada : 1. Drs. Jhon Tafbu Ritonga, M.Ec selaku Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Wahyu Ario Pratomo, SE, M.Ec selaku Ketua Departemen Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Paidi Hidayat, SE, MSi selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu untuk memberikan masukan dan bimbingan dari awal pengerjaan sampai dengan selesainya skripsi ini. 4. Drs. Arifin Siregar, MSp dan Drs. Aman Tarigan, SU selaku dosen penguji yang telah banyak memberikan petunjuk dan masukan untuk penyempurnaan skripsi ini. 5. Seluruh staff pengajar dan pegawai di Fakultas Ekonomi terkhusus Departemen Ekonomi Pembangunan atas pengajaran, bimbingan, dan bantuannya kepada penulis selama mengikuti perkuliahan. 6. Teristimewa kepada kedua orang tua tercinta yaitu: M. Manik dan S. Nainggolan sebagai rasa hormat atas perhatian, kasih sayang, serta dorongan yang dibarengi kesabaran yang terus diberikan selama ini. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada abang saya tercinta Hartopo Manik yang telah memberikan semangat dan kasih sayangnya. 7. Buat teman-teman EP’05 tanpa terkecuali, untuk kedua itoku (Andre n Luhut), atas kebersamaan, doa dan semangat dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi ini. Buat penghuni Rebab29 yang telah memberikan saya banyak hal dan berbagi dalam setiap kondisi. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh sebab itu, penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritikan yang membangun dari para pembaca demi penulisan yang lebih sempurna di masa yang akan datang. Akhir kata, semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi para pembaca dan membantu semua pihak yang memerlukannya, terutama rekan mahasiswa Departemen Ekonomi Pembangunan. Medan, Mei 2009 Penulis, (Fitri R. Manik) DAFTAR ISI ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. i KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. iii DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................. v DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... ix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN................................................................................. x BAB I PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah............................................................................... 7 1.3 Hipotesis................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian dan Manfaat Penelitian ........................................... 8 BAB II URAIAN TEORITIS..................................................................... 10 2.1 Teori Pembangunan Ekonomi .............................................................. 10 2.2 Teori pertumbuhan Ekonomi ............................................................... 12 2.2.1 Teori Pertumbuhan Kuznets........................................................... 13 2.2.2 Teori Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Wilayah .......................................... 14 a. Teori Ekonomi Klasik ................................................................... 14 b. Teori Harrod-Domar ..................................................................... 16 c. Teori Neo-Klasik ........................................................................... 17 d. Teori Pertumbuhan Jalur Cepat .................................................... 17 e. Teori Basis Ekspor ........................................................................ 18 2.2.3 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi ......... 19 a. Faktor Ekonomi ............................................................................. 20 b. Faktor Non-ekonomi ..................................................................... 21 2.3 Ketimpangan Pembangunan Antar Wilayah ........................................... 21 2.3.1 Ketimpangan Pembangunan Antar Wilayah di Indonesia ............. 23 2.3.2 Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Ketimpangan Pembangunan Antar Wilayah .......................................................................................... 23 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................. 26 3.1 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian..................................................................... 26 3.2 Jenis dan Sumber Data .......................................................................... 26 3.3 Metode dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................ 26 3.4 Metode Analisis Data ........................................................................... 27 3.4.1 Indeks Williamson ......................................................................... 27 3.4.2 Hipotesis Kuznets .......................................................................... 27 3.4.3 Tipologi Klassen ............................................................................ 28 3.4.4 Korelasi Pearson ............................................................................ 30 3.5 Defenisi Operasional ............................................................................ 31 BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN................................................ 32 4.1 Gambaran Umum Kota Medan ............................................................ 32 4.1.1 Kondisi Geografis, Iklim, Pemerintahan, dan Penduduk ............... 32 4.1.2 Kondisi Perekonomian Kota Medan .............................................. 34 4.2 Gambaran Umum Kabupaten Simalungun .......................................... 37 4.2.1 Kondisi Geografis, Iklim, Pemerintahan, dan Penduduk ............... 37 4.2.2 Kondisi Perekonomian Kabupaten Simalungun ............................ 39 4.3 Analisis dan Pembahasan ..................................................................... 41 4.3.1 Indeks Williamson ......................................................................... 41 4.3.2 Hipotesis Kuznets .......................................................................... 46 4.3.3 Tipologi Klassen ............................................................................ 50 4.3.4 Korelasi Pearson ...........................................................................
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